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REPORT 


OF   THE 


SECRETARY  OF  STATE 


TO   HIS   EXCELLENCY 


W.  W.  HEARD,    Governor 


OF  THE   STATE  OF  LOUISIANA. 


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BATON    EOUGE   NEWS    PUB.    C;c. 
State   Printers. 


91302 


JOHN  T.  MICHEL, 
Secretary  of  State. 


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REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  STATE. 


Department  of  Statb, 
Baton  Rouge,  May  1,  1902. 

To  His  Excellency  William  Wright  Heard, 
Governor  of  Louisiana : 

Sm : — I  have  the  honor  to  submit,  in  accordance  with  Section  1558  of 
the  Revised  Statutes,  a  report  of  the  transactions  of  this  Department 
from  May  1st,  1900,  to  December  31st,  1901,  inclusive. 

Herein  will  be  found  tabulated  statements  of  registered  voteri  for 
year  1900. 

Statement  of  the  vote  cast  at  the  Presidential  and  Congressional 
election  in  November,  1900.  ,    ,    ,    ,    t 

Statement  of  vote  cast  at  election  for  Railway  Conunissioner  In 
Second  Railway  District. 

Since  the  last  session  of  the  General  Assembly,  a  vacancy  in  th« 
Senate,  caused  by  the  resignation  of  the  Honorable  J.  M.  Smith,  of  Union, 
has  been  filled  by  election  in  November,  1900,  of  the  Bon.  W.  B.  Stuckey, 
of  Mer  Rouge,  Morehouse  Parish. 

Vacancies  have  occurred  in  the  House  of  Representatives  caused 
by  death,  and  have  been  filled  by  election  as  follows : 

Of  the  Hon.  W.  B.  Peyton,  of  DeSoto,  by  Hon.  R.  H.  Spell; 
g  Hon.  W.  D.  Hall,  of  Sabine,  by  Hon.  J.  W.  Conerly; 

a  Hon.  D.  H.  Caldwell,  of  Winn,  by  Hon.  J.  M.  McCain; 

2  Hon.  R.  H.  Spell,  member  elect  from  DeSoto,  by  the  Hon.  S.  J.  Smart; 

3  Hon.  S.  P.  Henry,  of  Cameron,  by  the  Hon.  August  ParveU. 
^           ,     Hon.  W.  H.  McClenahan,  of  Bossier,  by  the  Hon.  J.  T.  Maury. 

Requisitions  to  'the  nmnber  of  fifty-nine  have  been  issued  upon  Gov- 
,  ernors  of  other  States  for  the  surrender  of  fugitives  from  this  State. 

Extradition  warrants  to  the  number  of  fifty-five  have  been  issued  for 
the  arrest  and  surrender  of  fugitives  from  other  States  who  have  takea 
refuge  in  this  State, 
"li  Proclamations  offering  rewards  for  the  arrest  and  conviction  of  per- 

sons who  are  charged  with  crimes  and  offenses  and  are  fugitives  from 
justice  have  been  issued  to  the  number  of  twenty-seven. 

447516 


6  KEPORT  OF  SECRETARY  OF  STATE. 

Pardons  and  commutations  of  sentences  have  been  issued  to  the 
number  of  sixty-six. 

Death  warrants  have  been  signed  and  issued  for  the  execution  of 
persons  convicted  of  crimes  and  sentenced  to  suffer  the  death  penalty  to 
the  number  of  twenty. 

The  proposed  amendment  to  Article  303  of  the  Constitution  of  the 
State — Joint  Resolution — Act  No.  73,  adopted  at  the  Regular  Session  of 
the  General  Assembly  in  1900,  was  duly  promulgated,  as  required  by  law, 
and  the  table  of  votes  "  For  "  and  "  Against "  the  same  will  be  found  at 
page  — . 

Act  126  of  1898. 

Since  last  report,  a  majority  of  the  towns  and  villages  in  the  State 
have  adopted  the  "  Lawrason  "  town  charter  bill  (Act  No.  136  of  1898), 
and  a  lis-t  will  be  found  at  page  — . 

Election  Law. 

The  wisdom  of  the  amendments  made  to  the  Election  Law,  at  the 

session  of  1900  (Act  132  of  that  year),  has  been  confirmed  by  the  results 

of  the  Congressional  and  other  elections  held  since  that  time.    There  have 
been  no  contests  or  complaints  of  any  character,  and  the  integrity  ot  the 

election  methods  have  not  been  questioned. 

Charters. 

I  renew  'the  recommendation  made  in  the  last  report  as  to  the  advis- 
ability of  an  act  requiring  the  filing  annually  of  a  certificate  under  oath 
from  the  proper  officer  of  each  corporation  doing  business  in  this  Stale, 
showing  the  location  of  its  principal  business  office  in  this  State,  with 
town,  street  and  nimiber,  and  the  kind  of  business  engaged  in ;  the  names 
of  its  officers,  directors  or  managers,  their  residences,  etc.,  expiration  of 
their  respective  terms  of  office,  and  providing  a  penalty  for  failure  so 
to  do. 

Notaries  Public — Orleans. 

Some  forty  or  fifty  applications  are  on  file  from  Orleans  for  appoint- 
ment as  Notaries  Public.  The  limit  is  now  one  hundred  and  fifty  Notaries 
for  that  parish.  The  list  is  full.  Some  of  the  applications  have  been  on 
file  a  long  time.  No  good  reason  can  be  assigned  Why  the  limit  should  not 
be  repealed,  and  I  so  recommend. 


REPORT  or  SECRETARY  OF  STAT K.  Y 

R&gistration.  < 

The  present  registration  law  should  be  amended: 

To  provide  for  a  supplemental  registration  of  voters  in  parishes 
(Orleans  excepted)  during  the  months  of  August  and  September  in  each 
year  in  which  general  election  for  Congress  and  Presidential  electors  is 
held,  to  be  made  as  directed  for  the  registration  of  voters  for  general  State 
elections. 

In  Orleans,  the  present  registration  roll,  together  with  such  as  may 
be  made  this  year,  should  be  extended  and  maintained  for  the  years  1903 
and  1904.  The  roll  is  practically  a  new  one,  and  it  will  be  a  useless  waste 
of  public  money  and  work  a  great  hardship  on  the  electors  to  compel  a 
new  registration  for  1903  and  1904. 

State  Library. 

The  State  Library  is  still  located  at  the  Tulane  Hall  in  New  Orleans. 
Its  affairs  have  been  most  efficiently  conducted  by  the  Librarian  and 
Assistant.  A  large  number  of  exchanges  and  some  purchases  have  been 
made,  and  your  attention  is  specially  directed  to  that  portion  of  the  Libra- 
rian's report  which  refers  to  that  subject. 

Annual  Reports. 

The  old  contract  with  the  printer  required  that  he  should  furnish  free 
of  cost  to  the  State  one  hundred  and  thirty  copies  of  the  Supreme  Court 
Annual  Reports.  In  my  last  report,  I  called  attention  to  the  fact  that  on 
account  of  the  additional  courts  and  increased  exchanges,  the  number  was 
insufficient,  and  I  recommended  that  one  hundred  and  forty  copies  be  pro- 
vided for.  Notwithstanding  that  recommendation,  the  present  contract 
provides  for  only  one  hundred  copies.  The  report  of  the  State  Librarian 
now  shows  that  one  hundred  and  fifty  copies  are  actually  necessary  to 
make  the  legal  distribution,  and  I  therefore  again  recommend  that  the 
number  of  copies  furnished  to  the  State  be  increased  to  one  hundred  and 
fifty. 

Insurance. 

Your  attention  is  directed  to  the  report  of  Hon.  Eugene  J.  McGivney, 
Assistant  Secretary  of  State,  in  charge  of  the  Insurance  Department  of 
this  State,  which  contains  a  full  history  of  the  operations  of  that  depart- 
ment since  my  last  report. 

State  Manual. 

The  demand  for  a  book  containing  the  information  generally  em- 
bodied in  a  State  Manual  as  published  in  many  of  the  other  States,  have 


8  REPORT  OF  SECRETARY  OF  STATE. 

been  so  great,  and  being  without  authority  to  issue  a  special  work  of  that 
kind,  I  have  been  prompted  to  compile  and  include  in  this  report  the 
organic  law  of  the  United  States  and  of  this  State,  together  with  such 
statistics,  political  and  financial  tables,  historical  data  and  other  informa- 
tion as  would  in  my  opinion  make  this  report  useful  and  valuable  as  a 
record  and  reference  book  which  I  assume  to  be  the  purpose  of  a  report  of 
this  department. 

The  information  herein  contained  is  compiled  from  official  records, 
and  the  most  reliable  unofficial  data  obtainable.  The  political  informa- 
tion from  authorized  and  recognized  party  officials. 

Trusting  that  it  will  meet  with  your  approval,  I  have  the  honor  trv 
remain, 

Very  respectfully, 

JOHN  T.  MICPIEL, 
Secretary  of  State. 


PART    I. 


STATE  CAPITOL. 

The  State  Capitol  is  located  at  Baton  Rouge,  La.,  the  third  city  in 
size  in  the  State,  and  beautifully  situated  on  the  first  bluff  of  the  Missis- 
sippi river. 

The  Capitol  Building-  was  erected  in  1847,  during  the  term  of  office  of 
Governor  Isaac  Johnson.  The  architect  was  J.  H.  Dakin,  and  builder 
Newton  Richards.  The  Building  Commissioners  were  Maunsell  White, 
Walter  Brashear,  and  Daniel  D.  Avery. 

It  was  destroyed  by  fire  while  occupied  by  troops  of  the  United  States 
army,  December  28th,  1862.  It  was  rebuilt  in  1880-1881,  in  pursuance  of 
the  Constitution  of  1879,  and  Act  86  of  1880,  during  the  term  of  Governor 
Louis  A.  Wiltz.  The  seat  of  government  was  re-established  at  Baton 
Rouge,  March  1st,  1882. 


"  THE  STATE  FLOWER" 

The  "  Magnolia  "  was  designated  as  the  ''  State  Flower,"  by 
Act  No.  156  of  1900,  adopted  July  12th,  1900. 


THE  FLAG  OF  LOUISIANA. 

There  is  no  legal  authority  for  the  "  Blue  Flag  "  now  in  use 
and  commonly  knowTi  as  the  "  Flag  of  Louisiana."  This  was  the 
flag  of  the  State  prior  to  1861.  Since  1877  it  has  again  come  into 
use,  but  no  authority  for  it  can  be  found  of  record. 


SEAL  OF  THE  STATE. 

The  Seal  of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  as  it  has  existed  up  to  the 
30th  of  April,  1902,  had  no  absolute  authority  of  record  for  its  exigt- 
ence. 

The  first  Seal  was  chosen,  supposedly,  by  Governor  Claiborne, 
and  was  supposed  to  represent  a  Pelican  with  a  nest  full  of  young. 
There  was  no  change  in  this  Seal  and  no  enactment  providing  for 
any  Seal  until  1864.  When  Governor  Allen  became  Governor  of  the 
Confederate  portion  of  the  Sta:te,  and  Governor  Hahn  of  the  Federal 
portion,  each  had  his  seal;  berth  Seals  were  a  Pelican — one  with  the 
head  on  the  left,  the  other  with  the  head  on  the  right;  one  with  a 
nest  full  of  young,  the  other  with  four  young.  Up  to  that  time  the 
inscription  on  the  Seal  was  "Justice,  Union  and  Confidence"  ;  sub- 
sequently, without  any  apparent  authority,  the  inscription  upon  the 
Seal  was  changed  to  "  Union,  Justice  and  Confidence." 

In  order  to  establish  uniformity  in  the  State  Seal  and  its  use 
amongst  the  various  departments  of  the  govemm/ent,  on  the  30th  of 
April,  1902,  Governor  Heard,  acting  imder  the  authority  of  Section 
3471  of  the  Revised  Statutes,  directed  the  Secretary  of  State  to  use 
a  Seal,  the  description  of  which  is  given  below,  and  this  is  the  first 
directing  order  that  has  come  from  the  chief  magistrate  and  that 
stands  of  record  legitimizing  the  Seal  for  the  State: 

*'A  Pelican,  with  its  head  turned  to  the  left,  in  a  nest  with  three 
young;  the  Pelican,  following  the  tradition,  in  act  of  tearing  its 
breast  to  feed  its  young ;  around  the  edge  of  the  Seal  to  be  inscribed 
'  State  of  Louisiana.'  Over  the  head  of  the  Pelican  to  be  inscribed 
'  Uni.-;n,  Justice,'  etc. ;  under  the  nest  of  the  Pelican  to  be  inscribed 
'  Confidence.' 

"The  above,  as  described,  and  as  shown  by  the  accompanying  im- 
pression thereof,  shall,  hereafter,  be  the  State  Seal  to  b«  in  us«  on  all 
commissions  and  on  all  official  documents." 


ORGANIC    LAW. 


ARTICLES    OF    CONFEDERATION 


AND 


Perpetual  Union  Between  the  States. 


To  ALL  TO  WHOM  THESE  PRESENTS  SHALL  COME,  WE,  THE  UNDERSIGNED,  DELE- 
GATES OF  THE  States  affixed  to  our  names,  send  greeting. — Whereas, 
the  Delegates  of  the  United  States  of  America,  in  Congress  assembled, 
did,  on  the  fifteenth  day  of  November,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one 
thousand  seven  hundred  and  seventy-seven,  and  in  the  second  year  of 
the  Independence  of  America,  agree  to  certain  Articles  of  Confedera- 
tion and  Perpetual  Union  between  the  States  of  New  Hampshire,  Mas- 
sachusetts Bay,  Ehode  Island  and  Providence  Plantations,  Connecti- 
cut, New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Maryland, 
Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  and  Georgia,  in  the  words 
following,  viz : 

"Articles  of  Confederation  and  Perpetual  Union  between  the  States 
OF  New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts  Bay,  Rhode  Island  and  Provi- 
dence Plantations,  Connecticut,  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsyl- 
vania, Delaware,  Maryland,  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South  Caro- 
lina, and  Georgia/' 

Article  I.  The  style  of  this  confederacy  shall  be  "The  United  States 
of  America." 

Art.  2.     Each  State  retains  its  sovereignty,  freedom  and  independ 
ence,  and  every  power,  jurisdiction  and  right,  which  is  not  by  this  confed- 
eration expressly  delegated  to  the  United  States,  in  Congress  assembled. 

Art.  3.  The  said  States  hereby  severally  enter  into  a  firm  league  of 
friendship  with  each  other,  for  their  common  defense,  the  security  of  their 
liberties,  and  their  mutual  and  general  welfare,  binding  themselves  to 
assist  each  other  against  all  force  offered  to  or  attacks  made  upon  them,  or 
any  of  them,  on  account  of  religion,  sovereignty,  trade,  or  any  other  pre- 
tense whatever. 

Art.  4.  The  better  to  secure  and  perpetuate  mutual  friendship  and 
intercourse  among  the  people  of  the  different  States  in  this  Union,  the  free 
inhabitants  of  each  of  these  States,  paupers,  vagabonds,  and  fugitives  from 


20  AKTICLES  OF  CONFEDERATION  AND 

justice,  excepted,  shall  be  entitled  to  all  privileges  and  immunities  of  free 
citizens  in  the  several  States ;  and  the  people  of  each  State  shall  have  free 
ingress  and  egress  to  and  from  any  other  State,  and  shall  enjoy  therein  all 
the  privileges  of  trade  and  commerce,  subject  to  the  same  duties,  imposi- 
tions and  restrictions  as  the  inhabitants  thereof  respectively,  provided  that 
such  restriction  shall  not  extend  so  far  as  to  prevent  the  removal  of  prop- 
erty imported  into  any  State,  to  any  other  State  of  which  the  owner  is  an 
inhabitant;  provided  also  that  no  imposition,  duties  or  restriction  shall  be 
laid  by  any  State,  on  the  property  of  the  United  States,  or  either  of  them. 

If  any  person  guilty  of,  or  charged  with  treason,  felony,  or  other  high 
misdemeanor  in  any  State,  shall  flee  from  justice,  and  be  found  in  any  of 
the  United  States,  he  shall,  upon  the  command  of  the  Governor  or  execu- 
tive power  of  the  State  from  which  he  fled,  be  delivered  up  and  removed  to 
the  State  having  jurisdiction  of  his  offense. 

Full  faith  and  credit  shall  be  given  in  each  of  these  States  to  the 
records,  acts  and  judicial  proceedings  of  the  courts  and  magistrates  of 
every  other  State. 

Art.  5.  For  the  more  convenient  management  of  the  general  interest 
of  the  United  States,  delegates  shall  be  annually  appointed  in  such  manner 
as  the  Legislature  of  each  State  shall  direct,  to  meet  in  Congress  on  the 
first  Monday  in  November,  in  every  year,  with  a  power  reserved  to  each 
State,  to  recall  its  delegates,  or  any  of  them,  at  any  time  within  the  year, 
and  to  send  others  in  their  stead,  for  the  remainder  of  the  year. 

No  State  shall  be  represented  in  Congress  by  less  than  two,  nor  by 
more  than  seven  members ;  and  no  person  shall  be  capable  of  being  a  dele- 
gate for  more  than  three  years  in  any  term  of  six  years;  nor  shall  any 
person,  being  a  delegate,  be  capable  of  holding  any  office  under  the  United 
States,  for  which  he  or  another  for  his  benefit  receives  any  salary,  fees  or 
emolument  of  any  kind. 

Each  State  shall  maintain  its  own  delegates  in  any  meeting  of  the 
States,  and  while  they  act  as  members  of  the  Committee  of  the  States. 

In  determining  questions  in  the  United  States,  in  Congress  assembled, 
each  State  shall  have  one  vote. 

Freedom  of  speech  and  debate  in  Congress  shall  not  be  impeached  or 
questioned  in  any  court,  or  place  out  of  Congress,  and  the  members  of 
Congress  shall  be  protected  in  their  persons  from  arrests  and  imprison- 
ments, during  the  time  of  going  to  and  from,  and  attendance  on  Congress, 
except  for  treason,  felony,  or  breach  of  the  peace. 

Art.  6.  No  State  without  the  consent  of  the  United  States  in  Con- 
gress assembled,  shall  send  any  embassy  to,  or  receive  any  embassy  from,  or 
enter  into  any  conference,  agreement,  alliance  or  treaty  with  any  King, 
Prince  or  State;  nor  shall  any  person  holding  any  office  of  profit  or  trust 
under  the  United  States,  or  any  of  them,  accept  of  any  present,  emolu- 
ment, office  or  title  of  any  kind  whatever  from  any  King,  Prince  or  foreign 
State;  nor  shall  the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled,  or  any  of  them, 
grant  any  title  of  nobility. 


PERPETUAL  UNION  BETWEEN  THE  STATES.  21 

No  two  or  more  States  shall  enter  into  any  treaty,  confederation  or 
alliance  whatever  between  them,  without  the  consent  of  the  United  States 
in  Congress  assembled,  specifying  accurately  the  purposes  for  which  the 
same  is  to  be  entered  into,  and  how  long  it  shall  continue. 

No  State  shall  lay  any  imposts  or  duties,  which  may  interfere  with  any 
stipulations  in  treaties,  entered  into  by  the  United  States,  in  Congress 
assembled,  with  any  King,  Prince  or  State,  in  pursuance  of  any  treaties 
already  proposed  by  Congress,  to  the  courts  of  France  and  Spain. 

No  vessels  of  war  shall  be  kept  up  in  time  of  peace  by  any  State. 
except  such  number  only  as  shall  be  deemed  necessary  by  the  United 
States,  in  Congress  assembled,  for  the  defense  of  such  State,  or  its  trade ; 
nor  shall  any  body  of  forces  be  kept  up  by  any  State,  in  time  of  peace, 
except  such  number  only  as  in  the  judgment  of  the  United  States,  in  Con- 
gress assembled,  shall  be  deemed  requisite  to  garrison  the  forts  necessary 
for  the  defense  of  such  State ;  but  every  State  shall  always  keep  up  a  well 
regulated  and  disciplined  militia,  sufficiently  armed  and  accoutred,  and 
shall  provide  and  have  constantly  ready  for  use,  in  public  stores,  a  due 
number  of  field  pieces  and  tents,  and  a  proper  quantity  of  arms,  ammuni- 
tion and  camp  equipage. 

No  State  shall  engage  in  any  war  without  the  consent  of  the  United 
States,  in  Congress  assembled,  unless  such  State  be  actually  invaded  by 
enemies,  or  shall  have  received  certain  advice  of  a  resolution  being  formed 
by  some  nation  of  Indians  to  invade  such  State,  and  the  danger  is  so  immi- 
nent as  not  to  admit  of  a  delay,  till  the  United  States,  in  Congress  assem- 
bled, can  be  consulted ;  nor  shall  any  State  grant  commissions  to  any  ships 
or  vessels  of  war,  nor  letters  of  marque  or  reprisal,  except  it  be  after  a 
declaration  of  war  by  the  United  States,  in  Congress  assembled,  and  then 
only  against  the  Kingdom  or  State  and  the  subjects  thereof  against  which 
war  has  been  so  declared,  and  under  such  regulations  as  shall  be  estab- 
lished by  the  United  States,  in  Congress  assembled,  unless  such  State  be 
infested  by  pirates,  in  which  case  vessels  of  war  may  be  fitted  out  for  that 
occasion,  and  kept  so  long  as  the  danger  shall  continue,  or  until  the  United 
States,  in  Congress  assembled,  shall  determine  otherwise. 

Art.  7.  "When  land  forces  are  raised  by  any  State  for  the  common 
defense,  all  officers  of  or  under  the  rank  of  Colonel,  shall  be  appointed  by 
the  Legislature  of  each  State  respectively,  by  whom  such  forces  shall  be 
raised,  or  in  such  manner  as  such  State  shall  direct,  and  all  vacancies  shall 
be  filled  up  by  the  State  which  first  made  the  appointment. 

Art.  8.  All  charges  of  war,  and  all  other  expenses  that  shall  be  incur- 
red for  the  common  defense  or  general  welfare,  and  allowed  by  the  United 
States,  in  Congress  assembled,  shall  be  defrayed  out  of  a  common  treasury, 
which  shall  be  supplied  by  the  several  States,  in  proportion  to  the  value  ol 
all  land  within  each  State,  granted  to  or  surveyed  for  any  person,  as  such 
land  and  the  buildings  and  improvements  thereon  shall  be  estimated 
according  to  such  mode  as  the  United  States,  in  Congress  assembled,  shall, 
from  time  to  time,  direct  and  appoint.    The  taxes  for  paying  that  proper- 


22  ARTICLES  OF  CONFEDERATION  AND 

tiou  shall  be  laid  and  levied  by  the  authority  and  direction  of  the  Legisla- 
tures of  the  several  States,  within  the  time  agreed  upon  by  the  United 
States,  in  Congress  assembled. 

Art.  9.  The  United  States,  in  Congress  assembled,  shall  have  the  sole 
and  exclusive  right  and  power  of  determining  on  peace  and  war,  except  in 
the  cases  mentioned  in  the  sixth  article — of  sending  and  receiving  ambas- 
sadors— entering  into  treaties  and  alliances,  provided  that  no  treaty  oi 
commerce  shall  be  made  whereby  the  legislative  power  of  the  respective 
States  shall  be  restrained  from  imposing  such  imposts  and  duties  on  for 
eigncrs,  as  their  own  people  are  subjected  to,  or  from  prohibiting  the  expor- 
tation or  importation  of  any  species  of  goods  or  commodities  whatsoever— - 
of  establishing  rules  for  deciding  in  all  cases,  what  captures  on  land  or 
water  shall  be  legal,  and  in  what  manner  prizes  taken  by  land  or  naval 
forces  in  the  service  of  the  United  States  shall  be  divided  or  appropriated 
— of  gTanting  letters  of  marque  or  reprisal  in  times  of  peace — appointing 
courts  for  the  trial  of  piracies  and  felonies  committed  on  the  high  seas, 
iind  establishing  courts  for  receiving  and  determining  finally  appeals  in  al! 
cases  of  captures,  provided  that  no  member  of  Congress  shall  be  appointed 
a  judge  of  any  of  the  said  courts. 

The  United  States,  in  Congress  assembled,  shall  also  be  the  last  resori 
on  appeal  in  all  disputes  and  differences  now  subsisting,  or  that  may  here- 
after arise,  between  two  or  more  States  concerning  boundary,  jurisdiction, 
or  any  other  cause  whatever ;  which  authority  shall  always  be  exercised  in 
the  manner  following:  Whenever  the  legislative  or  executive  authority  or 
lawful  agent  of  any  State  in  controversy  with  another  shall  present  a 
petition  to  Congress,  stating  the  matter  in  question,  and  praying  for  a 
hearing,  notice  thereof  shall  be  given  by  order  of  Congress  to  the  legisla- 
tive or  executive  authority  of  the  other  State  in  controversy,  and  a  day 
assigned  for  the  appearance  of  the  parties  by  their  lawful  agents,  who  shall 
then  be  directed  to  appoint  by  joint  consent,  commissioners  or  judges  to 
constitute  a  court  for  hearing  and  determining  the  matter  in  question;  but 
if  tliey  cannot  agree,  Congress  shall  name  three  persons  out  of  each  of  the 
United  States,  and  from  the  list  of  such  persons  each  party  shall  alter- 
nately strike  out  one,  the  petitioners  beginning,  until  the  number  shall  be 
reduced  to  thirteen;  and  from  that  number  not  less  than  seven,  nor  more 
than  nine  names,  as  Congress  shall  direct,  shall,  in  the  presence  of  Con- 
gress, be  drawn  out  by  lot,  and  the  persons  whose  names  shall  be  so  drawn, 
or  any  five  of  them,  shall  be  commissioners  or  judges,  to  hear  and  finally 
determine  the  controversy,  so  always  as  a  major  part  of  the  judges  who 
shall  hear  the  cause  shall  agree  in  determination :  and  if  either  party  shall 
neglect  to  attend  at  the  day  appointed,  without  showing  reasons  which 
Congress  shall  judge  sufficient,  or,  being  present,  shall  refuse  to  strike, 
then  Congress  shall  proceed  to  nominate  three  persons  out  of  each  State, 
and  the  Secretary  of  Congress  shall  strike  in  behalf  of  such  party  absent  or 
refusing;  and  the  judgment  and  sentence  of  the  court  to  be  appointed,  in 
the  manner  before  prescribed,  shall  he  final  and  conclusive;   and  if  any  of 


FERPETUAI>  U.XIOX  I'.l:TWEEN  THE  STATES.  23 

the  parties  shall  refuse  to  submit  to  the  authority  of  such  court,  or  to 
appear  or  defend  their  claim  or  cause,  the  court  shall  nevertheless  proceed 
to  pronounce  sentence,  or  judgment,  which  shall  in  like  manner  be  final 
and  decisive,  the  judgment  or  sentence  and  other  proceedings  being  in 
either  case  transmitted  to  Congress,  and  lodged  among  the  acts  of  Con- 
gress, for  the  security  of  the  parties  concerned;  provided  that  everj^  com 
missioner,  before  he  sits  in  judgment,  shall  take  an  oath  to  be  adminis- 
tered by  one  of  the  judges  of  the  Supreme  or  Superior  Court  of  the  State, 
where  the  cause  shall  be  tried,  "  well  and  truly  to  hear  and  determine  the 
matter  in  question,  according  to  the  best  of  his  judgment,  without  favor, 
'affection  or  hope  of  reward ;"  provided  also,  that  no  State  shall  be  deprived 
of  territory  for  the  benefit  of  the  United  States. 

All  controversies  concerning  the  private  right  of  soil  claimed  under 
different  grants  of  two  or  more  States,  whose  jurisdictions  as  they  may 
respect  such  lands,  and  the  States  which  passed  such  grants  are  adjusted, 
the  said  grants,  or  either  of  them,  being  at  the  same  time  claimed  to  have 
originated  antecedent  to  such  settlement  of  jurisdiction,  shall,  on  the  peti- 
tion of  either  party  to  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  be  finally  deter- 
mined as  near  as  may  be  in  the  same  manner  as  is  before  prescribed  for 
deciding  disputes  respecting  territorial  jurisdiction  between  differeiir 
States. 

The  United  States,  in  Congress  assembled,  shall  also  have  the  sole  and 
exclusive  right  and  power  of  regulating  the  alloy  and  value  of  coin  struck 
by  their  own  authority,  or  by  that  of  the  respective  States — fixing  the 
standard  of  weights  and  measures  throughout  the  United  States — regulat 
ing  the  trade  and  managing  all  affairs  with  the  Indians  not  members  of 
any  of  the  States,  provided  that  the  legislative  right  of  any  State  within 
its  own  limits  be  not  infringed  or  violated — establishing  or  regulating 
postoffices  from  one  State  to  another,  throughout  all  the  United  States,  and 
exacting  such  postage  on  the  papers  passing  through  the  same  as  may  be 
requisite  to  defray  the  expenses  of  the  said  office — appointing  all  officers  of 
the  land  forces  in  the  service  of  the  United  States,  excepting  regimental 
officers — appointing  all  the  officers  of  the  naval  forces  and  commissioning 
all  officers  whatever  in  the  service  of  the  United  States — making  rules  for 
the  government  and  regulation  of  the  said  land  and  naval  forces,  anti 
directing  their  operations. 

The  United  States,  in  Coiigress  assembled,  shall  have  authority  to 
appoint  a  committee,  to  sit  in  the  recess  of  Congress,  to  be  denominated 
"A  Committee  of  the  States,"  and  to  consist  of  one  delegate  from  each 
State,  and  to  appoint  such  other  committees  and  civil  officers  as  may  be 
necessary  for  managing  the  general  affairs  of  the  United  States  under 
their  direction- — to  appoint  one  of  their  nmnber  to  preside;  provided  that 
no  person  be  allowed  to  serve  in  the  office  of  President  more  than  one  year 
in  any  term  of  three  years — to  ascertain  the  necessary  sums  of  money  to 
be  raised  for  the  service  of  the  United  States,  and  to  appropriate  and  apply 
the  sarre  for  defraying  the  public  expenses — to  borrow  money,  or  emit  bill  i 
on  the  credit  of  the  United  States,  transmitting  every  half  year  to  the 


24  ,\KTICLES  OF  CONFEDERATION  AND 

respective  States  an  account  of  the  sums  of  money  so  borrowed  or  emitteJ 
— to  build  and  equip  a  navy — to  agree  upon  the  number  of  land  forces,  and 
to  make  requisitions  from  each  State  for  its  quota,  in  proportion  to  tha 
number  of  white  iuliabitants  in  such  State,  which  requisition  shall  be  bind- 
ing, and  thereupon  the  Legislature  of  each  State  shall  appoint  the  regi- 
mental officers,  raise  the  men  and  clothe,  arm  and  equip  them  in  a  soldier- 
like manner,  at  the  expense  of  the  United  States;  and  the  officers  and  men 
so  clothed,  armed  and  equipped,  shall  march  to  the  place  appointed,  and 
within  the  time  agreed  on  by  the  United  States,  in  Congress  assembled; 
but,  if  the  United  States,  in  Congress  assembled,  shall,  on  consideration  of 
circumstances,  judge  proper  that  any  State  should  not  raise  men,  or  shoul<l 
raise  a  smaller  number  than  its  quota,  and  that  any  other  State  should 
raise  a  greater  number  of  men  than  the  quota  thereof,  such  extra  number 
shall  be  raised,  officered,  clothed,  armed  and  equipped  in  the  same  manner 
as  the  quota  of  such  State,  unless  the  Legislature  of  such  State  shall  judge 
that  such  extra  number  cannot  be  safely  spared  out  of  the  same,  in  which 
case  they  shall  raise,  officer,  clothe,  arm  and  equip  as  many  of  such  extra 
number  as  they  judge  can  be  safely  spared.  And  the  officers  and  men  so 
clothed,  anned  and  equipped,  shall  march  to  the  place  appointed,  and 
within  the  time  agreed  on  by  the  United  States,  in  Congress  assembled. 

The  United  States,  in  Congress  assembled,  shall  never  engage  in  a 
war,  nor  grant  letters  of  marque  and  reprisal  in  time  of  peace,  nor  enter 
into  any  treaties  or  alliances,  nor  coin  money,  nor  regulate  the  value 
thereof,  nor  ascertain  the  sums  and  expenses  necessary  for  the  defense  and 
welfare  of  the  United  States,  or  any  of  them,  nor  emit  bills,  nor  borrow 
money  on  the  credit  of  the  LTnited  States,  nor  appropriate  money,  nor 
agree  upon  the  number  of  vessels  of  war  to  be  built  or  purchased,  or  the 
number  of  land  or  sea  forces  to  be  raised,  nor  appoint  a  Commander  in 
Chief  of  the  army  or  navy,  unless  nine  States  assent  to  the  same,  nor  shall 
a  question  on  any  other  point,  except  for  adjourning  from  day  to  day,  be 
determined,  unless  by  the  votes  of  a  majority  of  the  United  States,  in 
Congress  assembled. 

The  Congress  of  the  United  States  shall  have  power  to  adjourn  to  any 
time  within  the  year,  and  to  any  place  within  the  LTnited  States,  so  that  no 
period  of  adjournment  be  for  a  longer  duration  than  the  space  of  six 
months,  and  shall  publish  the  journal  of  their  proceedings  monthly,  except 
such  parts  thereof  relating  to  treaties,  alliances  or  military  operations,  as 
in  their  judgment  require  secrecy;  and  the  yeas  and  nays  of  the  delegates 
of  each  State,  on  any  question,  shall  be  entered  on  the  journal,  when  it  is 
desired  by  any  delegate;  and  the  delegates  of  a  State,  or  any  of  them,  at 
his  or  their  request,  shall  be  furnished  with  a  transcript  of  the  said  journal, 
except  such  parts  as  are  above  excepted,  to  lay  before  the  Legislatures  of 
the  several  States. 

Art.  10.  The  Committee  of  the  States,  or  any  nine  of  them,  shall  be 
authorized  to  execute,  in  the  recess  of  Congress,  such  of  the  powers  of 
Congress  as  the  United  States,  in  Congress  assembled,  by  the  consent  of 


PERPETUAL  UNION  BETWEEN  THE  STATES.  25 

nine  States,  shall  from  time  to  time  think  expedient  to  vest  them  with; 
provided  that  no  power  be  delegated  to  the  said  committee  for  the  exercise 
of  which,  by  the  Articles  of  Confederation,  the  voice  of  nine  States,  in  the 
Congress  of  the  United  States  assembled,  is  requisite. 

Art.  11.  Canada,  acceding  to  this  confederation,  and  joining  in  the 
measures  of  the  United  States,  shall  be  admitted  into,  and  entitled  to  all 
the  advantages  of  this  Union;  but  no  other  colony  shall  be  admitted  into 
the  same,  unless  such  admission  be  agreed  to  by  nine  States. 

Art.  12.  All  bills  of  credit  emitted,  moneys  borrowed  and  debts  con- 
tracted by  or  under  the  authority  of  Congress,  before  the  assembling  of  the 
United  States,  in  pursuance  of  the  present  confederation,  shall  be  deemed 
and  considered  as  a  charge  against  the  United  States,  for  payment  and 
satisfaction  whereof  the  said  United  States  and  the  public  faith  are  hereby 
solemnly  pledged. 

Art.  13.  Every  State  shall  abide  by  the  determinations  of  the  United 
States,  in  Congress  assembled,  on  all  questions  which,  by  this  confedera- 
tion, is  submitted  to  them.  And  the  Articles  of  this  Confederation  shall  be 
inviolably  observed  by  every  State,  and  the  Union  shall  be  perpetual;  nor 
shall  any  alteration  at  any  time  hereafter  be  made  in  any  of  them,  unless 
such  alteration  be  agreed  to  in  a  Congress  of  the  United  States,  and  be 
afterwards  confirmed  by  the  Legislatures  of  every  State. 

And  whereas  it  hath  pleased  the  great  Governor  of  the  World  to 
incline  the  hearts  of  the  Legislatures  we  respectively  represent  in  Con- 
gress, to  approve  of  and  to  authorize  us  to  ratify  the  said  Articles  of  Con- 
federation and  Perpetual  Union,  know  ye,  that  we,  the  undersigned  dele- 
gates, bj  virtue  of  the  power  and  authority  to  us  given  for  that  purpose, 
do,  by  these  presents,  in  the  name  and  in  behalf  of  our  respective  constit- 
uents, fully  and  entirely  ratify  and  confirm  each  and  every  of  the  said 
Articles  of  Confederation  and  Perpetual  Union,  and  all  and  singular  the 
matters  and  things  therein  contained.  And  we  do  further  solemnly  plighL 
and  engage  the  faith  of  our  respective  constituents,  and  they  shall  abide  by 
the  determination  of  the  United  States,  in  Congress  assembled,  on  all  ques- 
tions which,  by  the  said  confederation,  are  submitted  to  them;  and  that 
the  Articles  thereof  shall  be  inviolably  observed  by  the  States  we  respect- 
ively represent,  and  that  the  Union  shall  be  perpetual.  In  witness  whereof 
we  have  hereunto  set  our  hands,  in  Congress.  Done  at  Philadelphia,  in  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania,  the  ninth  day  of  July,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1778, 
and  in  the  third  year  of  the  Independence  of  America. 

JosiAH  Bartlett,  John  Wentworth,  Jr.,     , 

August  8th,  1778, 
On  the  part  and  hrlinJf  of  fJip  Stale  of  iWw  Hampshire. 

John  Hancock,  Francis  Dana, 

Samuel  Adams,  James  Lovell, 

Elbridge  Gerry,  Samuel  Holton, 

On  the  part  and  behalf  of  the  State  of  Massachusetts  Bay. 


20  Ai;  ri('i.i:.s  UK  I'oM'ioDioiJATiON. 

William  Ellery,  John  Collins, 

Henry  Mauchant, 

On  the  part  and  behnlf  of  llic  Slaie  of  Rhode  Island  and  Provi 
dence  Planla(io)is. 

Roger  Sherman,  Titus  IIosmek, 

Samuel  Huntington,  Andrew  Adam, 

Oliver  Wolcott, 

On  llie  pari  and  In-half  of  the  Sfafr  of  Connert'cul. 

J.vs.  Duane,  William  Dueu, 

FijAS.  Lewis,  Gou\'r.  Morris, 

On  Ui.e  part  a,.d  hi'lialf  of  the  i^tale  of  New  York. 

Jno.  WitherspooNj  Natii.  Scudder, 

On  the  part  and  bclrilf  of  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  Nov.  26th, 
1778. 

liuBT.    .MoKKIS,  •  WlLLJA.M    ClINGAX, 

Daniel  Roberdeau,  Joseph  Reed, 

,1(.XA.  Bayard  S.\riTH,  22d  July,  1778, 

On  the  pirrt  and  hehalf  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania. 

Tiios.  M'Keax,  Feb.  12,  1779,  Nioholvs  Van  Dvkk, 

.John  Dickinson,  May  5,  1779, 

0)1  the  part  and  hehalf  of  (he  State  of  Delairare. 

John  Hanson,  Daniel  Carroll, 

March  1st,  1781,  March  1st,  1781, 

On  tlie  part  amt  hclialf  of  llie  Slate  of  Maryland. 

JvK  HARD  Henry  Lee,  John  FTarvie, 

.loiix  Banister,  Francis  Lkuitfoot  Lice, 

Tiios.  Adams, 

On  the  part  ai:-d  betialf  uf  tlie  State  of  Virginia. 

John  Penn,  Corns.  Harnett, 

July  21st,  1778,  John  Williams, 

0)1  ih(>  purl  and  hclialf  of  (he  State  of  North  Carolina. 

I  IiAKY  Laurkns,  Rk'hd.   Hutson, 

William  Hknry  Di{avton,  Thos.  Heyard,  Jr., 

Jno.  Matthews, 

On  the  part  and  hehalf  of  the  State  of  South  Carolina. 

Jxo.   Walton,  Edwd.  Telfair, 

24tii  July,  1778,  Edwd.  Langworthy, 

On  the  part  and  helialf  of  tJie  Slale  of  Georgi".. 


THE  DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE. 


IN  CONGRESS,  JULY  4,  1776. 

THE   UNANIMOUS   DECLARATION   OF  THE  THIRTEEN   UNITED  STATES   OF  AMERICA. 


When,  in  the  course  of  human  events,  it  becomes  necessary  for  one 
people  to  dissolve  the  political  bands  which  have  connected  them  with 
another,  and  to  assume,  among  the  Powers  of  the  earth,  the  separate  and 
equal  station  to  which  the  laws  of  nature  and  of  natui'e's  God  entitle 
them,  a  decent  respect  to  the  opinions  of  mankind  requires  that  they 
should  declare  the  causes  which  impel  them  to  the  separation. 

We  hold  these  truths  to  be  self-evident:  that  all  men  are  created 
equal,  that  they  are  endowed  by  their  Creator  with  certain  unalienable 
rights;  that  among  these  are  life,  liberty,  and  the  pursuit  of  happiness. 
That  to  secure  these  rights,  governments  are  instituted  among  men, 
deriving  their  just  powers  from  the  consent  of  the  governed;  that  when- 
ever any  form  of  government  becomes  destructive  of  these  ends,  it  is  the 
right  of  the  people  to  alter  or  to  abolish  it,  and  to  institute  new  govern- 
ment, laying  its  foundation  on  such  principles,  and  organizing  its  powers 
in  such  form,  as  to  them  shall  seem  most  likely  to  effect  their  safety  and 
happiness.  Prudence,  indeed,  will  dictate  that  governments  long  estab- 
lished should  not  be  changed  for  light  and  transient  causes;  and  accord- 
ingly all  experience  hath  shown  that  mankind  are  more  disposed  to 
suffer,  while  evils  are  sufferable,  than  to  right  themselves  by  abolishing 
the  forms  to  which  they  are  accustomed.  But  when  a  long  train  of 
abuses  and  us  urinations,  pursuing  invariably  the  same  object,  evinces  a 
design  to  reduce  them  xmder  absolute  despotism,  it  is  their  right,  it  is 
their  duty,  to  throw  off  such  government,  and  to  provide  new  guards  for 
their  future  security.  Such  has  been  the  patient  sufferance  of  these 
colonies;  and  such  is  now  the  necessity  which  constrains  them  to  alter 
their  former  systems  of  government.  The  history  of  the  present  King 
of  Great  Britain  is  a  history  of  repeated  injuries  and  usurpations,  all 
having  in  direct  object  the  establishment  of  an  absolute  tyrany  over  these 
States.     To  prove  this,  let  facts  be  submitted  to  a  candid  world. 

He  has  refused  his  assent  to  laws  the  most  wholesome  and  necessary 
for  the  public  good. 

He  has  forbidden  his  Governors  to  pass  laws  of  immediate  and  press- 
ing importance,  unless  suspended  in  their  operation  till  his  assent  should 


28  DECL.VRATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE. 

be  obtained;  and  when  so  suspended,  he  has  utterly  neglected  to  attend  to 
them. 

He  has  refused  to  pass  other  laws  for  the  accommodation  of  large 
districts  of  people,  unless  those  people  would  relinquish  the  right  of  rep- 
resentation in  the  Legislature,  a  right  inestimable  to  them  and  formid- 
able to  tyrants  only. 

He  has  called  together  legislative  bodies  at  places  unusual,  uncom- 
fortable, and  distant  from  the  depository  of  their  public  records,  for  the 
sole  purpose  of  fatiguing  them  into  compliance  with  his  measures. 

He  has  dissolved  representative  houses  repeatedly,  for  opposing,  with 
manly  firmness,  his  invasions  on  the  rights  of  the  people. 

He  has  refused,  for  a  long  time  after  such  dissolutions,  to  cause 
ethers  to  be  elected;  whereby  the  legislative  powers,  incapable  of  annihi- 
lation, have  returned  to  the  people  at  large  for  their  exercise;  the  State 
remaining,  in  the  meantime,  exposed  to  all  the  dangers  of  invasion  from 
without,  and  convulsions  within. 

He  has  endeavored  to  prevent  the  population  of  these  States;  for 
that  purpose  obstructing  the  laws  for  naturalization  of  foreigners;  refus- 
ing to  pass  others  to  encourage  their  migration  hither,  and  raising  the 
conditiojis  of  new  appropriations  of  lands. 

He  has  obstructed  the  administration  of  justice,  by  refusing  hid 
assent  to  laws  for  establishing  judiciary  powers. 

He  has  made  judges  dependent  on  his  will  alone  for  the  tenure  of 
their  office,  and  the  amount  and  payment  of  their  salaries. 

He  has  erected  a  multitude  of  new  offices,  and  sent  hither  swarms  of 
officers  to  harrass  our  people  and  eat  out  their  substance. 

He  has  kept  among  us,  in  times  of  peace,  standing  armies  without 
the  consent  of  our  Legislatures. 

He  has  affected  to  render  the  military  independent  of  and  superior 
to  the  civil  power. 

He  has  combined  with  others  to  subject  us  to  a  jurisdiction  foreign 
to  our  Constitution,  and  unacknowledged  by  our  laws ;  giving  his  assent  to 
their  acts  of  pretended  legislation : 

For  quartering  large  bodies  of  armed  troops  among  us: 

For  protecting  them,  by  a  mock  trial,  from  punishment  for  any 
murders  which  they  should  commit  on  the  inhabitants  of  these  States: 

For  cutting  off  our  trade  with  all  parts  of  the  world: 

For  imposing  taxes  on  us  without  our  consent: 

For  depriving  us,  in  many  cases,  of  the  benefits  of  trial  by  jury: 

For  transporting  us  beyond  seas  to  be  tried  for  pretended  offenses: 

For  abolishing  the  free  system  of  English  laws  in  a  neighboring 
province,  establishing  there  in  an  arbitrary  government,  and  enlarging 
its  boundaries,  so  as  to  render  it  at  once  an  example  and  fit  instrument 
for  introducing  the  same  absolute  rule  into  these  colonies: 

For  taking  away  our  charters,  abolishing  our  most  valuable  law3, 
and  altering  fundamentally  the  forms  of  our  governments: 


DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE.  29 

For  suspending  our  own  Legislatures,  and  declaring  themselves  in- 
vested with  power  to  legislate  for  us  in  all  cases  whatsoever. 

He  has  abdicated  government  here,  by  declaring  us  out  of  his  pro- 
tection, and  waging  war  against  us. 

He  has  plundered  our  seas,  ravaged  our  coasts,  burnt  our  towns,  and 
destroyed  the  lives  of  our  people. 

He  is,  at  this  time,  transporting  large  armies  of  foreign  mercenaries 
to  complete  the  works  of  death,  desolation  and  tyranny  already  begun, 
with  circumstances  of  cruelty  and  perfidy  scarcely  parallelled  in  the  most 
barbarous  ages,  and  totally  unworthy  the  head  of  a  civilized  nation. 

He  has  constrained  our  fellow-citizens,  taken  captive  on  the  high 
seas,  to  bear  arms  against  their  country,  to  become  the  executioners  of 
their  friends  and  brethren,  or  to  fall  themselves  by  their  hands. 

He  has  excited  domestic  insurrections  amongst  us,  and  has  endeav- 
ored to  bring  on  the  inhabitants  of  our  frontiers,  the  merciless  Indian 
savages,  whose  known  rule  of  warfare  is  an  undistinguished  destruction 
of  all  ages,  sexes,  and  conditions. 

In  every  stage  of  these  oppressions  we  have  petitioned  for  redress  in 
the  most  humble  terms;  our  repeated  petitions  have  been  answered  only 
by  repeated  injury.  A  prince,  whose  character  is  thus  marked  by  every 
act  which  may  define  a  tyrant,  is  unfit  to  be  the  ruler  of  a  free  people. 

Nor  have  we  been  wanting  in  attention  to  our  British  brethren. 
We  have  warned  them,  from  time  to  time,  of  attempts  by  their  Legisla- 
ture to  extend  an  unwarrantable  jurisdiction  over  us.  "We  have  reminded 
them  of  the  circumstances  of  our  emigration  and  settlement  here.  We 
have  appealed  to  their  native  justice  and  magnanimity,  and  we  have 
conjured  them  by  the  ties  of  our  common  kindred  to  disavK)W  these 
usurpations,  which  would  inevitably  interrupt  our  connections  and  cor- 
respondence. They  too  have  been  deaf  to  the  voice  of  justice  and  con- 
sanguinity. We  must,  therefore,  acquiesce  in  the  necessity  which 
denounces  our  separation,  and  hold  them,  as  we  hold  the  rest  of  man- 
kind, enemies  in  war,  in  peace  friends. 

We,  therefore,  the  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America, 
in  general  Congress  assembled,  appealing  to  the  Supreme  Judge  of  the 
World  for  the  rectitude  of  our  intentions,  do,  in  the  name,  and  by 
authority  of  the  good  people  of  these  colonies,  solemnly  publish  and 
declare.  That  these  United  Colonies  are,  and  of  right  ought  to  be,  free  and 
independent  States ;  that  they  are  absolved  from  all  allegiance  to  the 
British  crown,  and  that  all  political  connection  between  them  and  the 
State  of  Great  Britain  is,  and  ought  to  be,  totally  dissolved ;  and  that,  as 
free  and  independent  States,  they  have  full  power  to  levy  war,  conclude 
peace,  contract  alliances,  establish  commerce,  and  to  do  all  other  acts  and 
things  which  independent  States  may  of  right  do.  And  for  the  support 
of  this  declaration,  with  a  firm  reliance  on  the  protection  of  Divine 
Providence,  we  mutually  pledge  to  each  other  our  lives,  our  fortunes,  and 
our  sacred  honor. 

JOHN  HANCOCK 


30  DKCLAKATION  UF  INDEPENDENCE. 

New  Hampshire — Josiah  Bartlett,  Wm.  Whipple,  Matthew  Thornton. 

Massachusetts  Bay — Saml.  Adams,  John  Adams,  Robt.  Treat  Paine, 
Elhridge  Gerry. 

Rliode  Island — Step.  Hopkins,  William  Ellery. 

Connecticut — Roger  Sherman,  Sam'el  Huntington,  Wm.  Williams, 
Oliver  Wolcott. 

New  York—\^n\.  Floyd,  Phil.  Livingston,  Frans.  Lewis,  Lewis 
Morris. 

New  Jersey — Richd.  Stockton,  Jno.  Witherspoon,  Fras.  Hopkinson, 
John  Hart,  Abra.  Clark. 

Pennsylvania. — Robt.  Morris,  Benjamin  Rush,  Benja.  Franklin,  John 
Morton,  Geo.  Clymer,  Jas.  Smith,  Geo.  Taylor,  James  Wilson,  Geo  Ross. 

Delaware — Caesar  Rodney,  Geo.  Read,  Tho.  M'Kean. 

Maryland — Samuel  Chase,  Wm.  Paca,  Thos.  Stone,  Charles  Carroll 
of  Carrollton. 

Virginia — George  Wythe,  Richard  Henry  Lee,  Th.  Jefferson,  Benja. 
Harrison,  Thos.  Nelson.  Jr.,  Francis  Lightfoot  Lee,  Carter  Braxton. 

North  Carolina — Wm.  Hooper.  Joseph  Hewes,  John  Perm. 

South  Carolina — Edward  Rutledge,  Thos.  Hey  ward,  Junr.,  Thomas 
Lynch,  Junr.,  Arthur  Middleton. 

Georgia — Button  Gwinnett,  Lyman  Hall,  Geo.  Walton. 


Constitution  of  the  United  States  of  America. 


WE,  THE  PEOPLE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  ill  Older  to  foi'm  a  more  perfect 
Union,  establish  justice,  insure  domestic  tranquility,  provide  for  the 
common  defense,  promote  the  general  welfare,  and  secure  the  blessing? 
of  liberty  to  ourselves  and  our  posterity,  do  ordain  and  establish  ihi-i 
Constitution  for  the  United  States  of  America. 

AETICLE  I. 

Section  1.  All  legislative  powers  herein  granted  shall  be  vested  in  i" 
Congress  of  the  United  States  which  shall  consist  of  a  Senate  and  House 
of  Kepresentatives. 

Sec.  2.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  be  composed  of  members 
chosen  every  second  year  by  the  people  of  the  several  States ;  and  the 
electors  in  each  State  shall  have  the  qualifications  requisite  for  electors  of 
the  most  numerous  branch  of  the  State  Legislature. 

No  person  shall  be  a  Representative  who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the 
age  of  twenty-five  years,  and  been  seven  years  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States,  and  who  shall  not,  when  elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of  that  State  in 
which  he  shall  be  chosen. 

Representatives  and  direct  taxes  shall  be  apportioned  among  the  sev- 
eral States  wduch  may  be  included  within  this  Union,  according  to  their 
respective  numbers,  which  shall  be  determined  by  adding  to  the  whole 
number  of  free  persons,  including  those  bound  to  service  for  a  term  of 
years,  and  excluding  Indians  not  taxed,  three-fifths  of  all  other  persons. 
The  actual  enumeration  shall  be  made  within  three  years  after  the  fir-*t 
meeting  of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  and  within  every  subsequent 
term  of  ten  years,  in  such  manner  as  they  shiiU  by  law  direct.  The  num- 
ber of  Representatives  shall  not  exceed  one  for  every  thirty  thousand,  but 
each  State  shall  have,  at  least,  one  Representative;  and  until  such  enu- 
meration shall  be  made,  the  State  of  Xew  Hampshire  shall  be  entitled  to 
choose  three;  Massachusetts,  eight;  Rhode  Island  and  Providence  Planta- 
tions, one;  Connecticut,  five;  New  York,  six;  New  Jersey,  four;  Penn- 
sylvania, eight;  Delaware,  one;  Maryland,  six;  Virginia,  ten;  North 
Carolina,  five;   South  Carolina,  five;   and  Georgia,  three. 

When  vacancies  happen  in  the  representation  from  any  State,  the 
executive  authority  thereof  shall  issue  writs  of  election  to  fill  such 
vacancies. 


32  CONSTITITTION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

The  House  of  Representatives  shall  choose  their  Speaker  and  other 
officers;   and  shall  have  the  sole  power  of  impeachment. 

Sec.  3.  The  Senate  of  the  United  States  shall  be  composed  of  two 
Senators  from  each  State,  chosen  by  the  Legislature  thereof,  for  six  years; 
and  each  Senator  shall  have  one  vote. 

Inunediately  after  tliey  shall  be  assembled  in  consequence  of  the  lirst 
election,  they  shall  be  divided  as  equally  as  may  be  into  three  classes.  The 
seats  of  the  Senators  of  the  first  class  shall  be  vacated  at  the  expiration  of 
the  second  year,  of  the  second  class  at  the  expiration  of  the  fourth  year, 
and  of  the  third  class  at  the  expiration  of  the  sixth  year;  so  that  one-third 
may  be  chosen  every  second  year;  and  if  vacancies  happen  by  resignation 
or  otherwise  during  the  recess  of  the  Legislature  of  any  State,  the  execu- 
tive thereof  may  make  temporary  appointments  until  the  next  meeting  of 
the  Legislature,  which  shall  then  fill  such  vacancies. 

No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the  age  of 
thirty  years,  and  been  nine  years  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  who 
shall  not,  when  elected,  he  an  inhabitant  of  that  State  for  which  he  shall 
be  chosen. 

The  Vice  President  of  the  United  States  shall  be  President  of  the 
Senate,  but  shall  have  no  vote,  unless  they  be  equally  divided. 

The  Senate  shall  choose  their  other  officers,  and  also  a  President  pro 
tempore,  in  the  absence  of  the  Vice  President,  or  when  he  shall  exercise  the 
office  of  President  of  the  United  States. 

Tlie  Senate  shall  have  the  sole  power  to  try  all  impeachments.  When 
sitting  for  that  purpose,  they  shall  be  on  oath  or  affirmation.  When  the 
President  of  the  United  States  is  tried,  the  Chief  Justice  shall  preside; 
and  no  person  shall  be  convicted  without  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds  of 
the  members  present. 

Judgment,  in  cases  of  impeachment,  shall  not  extend  further  than  to 
removal  from  office,  and  disqualification  to  hold  and  enjoy  any  office  of 
honor,  trust  or  profit  under  the  United  States;  but  the  party  convicted 
shall  nevertheless  be  liable  and  subject,  to  indictment,  trial,  judgment  aiul 
punishment,  according  to  law. 

Sec.  4.  The  times,  places  and  manner  of  holding  elections  for  Sena- 
tors and  Representatives,  shall  be  prescribed  in  each  State  by  the  Legisla- 
ture thereof;  but  the  Congress  may  at  any  time  by  law  make  or  alter  such 
regulations,  except  as  to  the  places  of  choosing  Senators. 

The  Congress  shall  assemble  at  least  once  in  every  year,  and  such 
meeting  shall  be  on  the  first  Monday  in  December,  unless  they  shall  by  law 
appoint  a  difl^erent  day. 

Sec.  5.  Each  house  shall  be  the  judge  of  the  elections,  returns  and 
qualifications  of  its  own  members,  and  a  majority  of  each  shall  constitute 
a  quorum  to  do  business;  but  a  smaller  number  may  adjourn  from  day  to 
day,  and  may  be  authorized  to  compel  the  attendance  of  absent  members, 
in  such  manner  and  under  such  penalties  as  each  house  may  provide. 


CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES.  33 

Each  house  may  determine  the  rules  of  its  proceedings,  punish  its 
members  for  disorderly  behavior,  and,  with  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds, 
expel  a  member. 

Each  house  shall  keep  a  journal  of  its  proceedings,  and  from  time  to 
time  publish  the  same,  excepting  such  parts  as  may,  in  their  judgment, 
require  secrecy;  and  the  yeas  and  nays  of  the  members  of  either  house 
on  any  question  shall,  at  the  desire  of  one-fifth  of  those  present,  be 
entered  on  the  journal. 

Neither  house,  during  the  session  of  the  Congress,  shall,  without 
the  consent  of  the  other,  adjourn  for  more  than  three  days,  nor  to  any 
other  place  than  that  in  which  the  two  houses  shall  be  sitting. 

Sec.  6.  The  Senators  and  Representatives  shall  receive  a  compensa- 
tion for  their  services,  to  be  ascertained  by  law,  and  paid  out  of  the 
treasury  of  the  United  States.  They  shall,  in  all  cases,  except  treason, 
felony  and  breach  of  the  peace,  be  privileged  from  arrest  during  their 
attendance  at  the  session  of  their  respective  houses,  and  in  going  to  and 
returning  from  the  same;  and  for  any  speech  or  debate  in  either  house, 
they  shall  not  be  questioned  in  any  other  place. 

No  Senator  or  Representative  shall,  during  the  time  for  which  he 
was  elected,  be  appointed  to  any  civil  office  under  the  authority  of  the 
United  States,  which  shall  have  been  created,  or  the  emoluments  whereof 
shall  have  been  increased  during  such  time;  and  no  person  holding  any 
office  under  the  United  States,  shall  be  a  member  of  either  house  during 
his  continuance  in  office. 

Sec.  7.  All  bills  for  raising  revenue  shall  originate  in  the  House  of 
Representatives;  but  the  Senate  may  propose  or  concur  with  amendments, 
as  on  other  bills. 

Every  bill  which  shall  have  passed  the  House  of  Representatives  and 
the  Senate  shall,  before  it  become  a  law,  be  presented  to  the  President 
of  the  United  States ;  if  he  approve,  he  shall  sign  it ;  but,  if  not,  he  shall 
return  it  with  his  objections  to  that  house  in  which  it  shall  have  origin- 
ated, who  shall  enter  the  objections  at  large  on  their  journal  and  proceed 
to  reconsider  it.  If,  after  such  reconsideration,  two-thirds  of  that  house 
shall  agree  to  pass  the  bill,  it  shall  be  sent,  together  with  the  objections, 
to  the  other  house,  by  which  it  shall  likewise  be  reconsidered,  and  if 
approved  by  two-thirds  of  that  house,  it  shall  become  a  law.  But  in  all 
such  cases,  the  votes  of  both  houses  shall  be  determined  by  yeas  and  nays ; 
and  the  names  of  the  persons  voting  for  and  against  the  bill  shall  be 
entered  on  the  journal  of  each  house  respectively.  If  any  bill  shall  not 
be  returned  by  the  President  within  ten  days  (Sundays  excepted)  after 
it  shall  have  been  presented  to  him,  the  same  shall  be  a  law,  in  like 
manner  as  if  he  had  signed  it,  unless  the  Congress,  by  their  adjournment, 
prevented  its  return,  in  which  case  it  shall  not  be  a  law. 

Every  order,  resolution  or  vote  to  which  the  concurrence  of  the 
Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  may  be  necessary  (except  on  a 
question   of   adjournment),   shall  be  presented  to  the  President  of  the 


34  CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

United  States,  and  before  the  same  shall  take  effect,  shall  be  approved 
by  him,  or,  being  disapproved  by  him,  shall  be  repassed  by  two-thirds 
of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  according  to  the  rules  and 
limitations  prescribed  in  the  case  of  a  bill. 

Sec.  8.     The  Congress  shall  have  power — 

To  lay  and  collect  taxes,  duties,  imposts  and  excises,  to  pay  the  debts 
and  provide  for  the  common  defense  and  general  welfare  of  the  United 
States;  but  all  duties,  imposts  and  excises  shall  be  uniform  throughout 
the  United  States; 

To  borrow  money  on  the  credit  of  the  United  States; 

To  regulate  commerce  with  foreign  nations,  and  among  the  several 
States,  and  with  the  Indian  tribes; 

To  establish  an  uniform  rule  of  naturalization,  and  uniform  laws  on 
the  subject  of  bankruptcies  throughout  the  United  States; 

To  coin  money,  regulate  the  value  thereof,  and  of  foreign  coin,  and 
fix  the  standard  of  weights  and  measures; 

To  provide  for  the  punishment  of  counterfeiting  the  securities  and 
current  coin  of  the  United  States; 

To  establish  postoffices  and  postroads; 

To  promote  the  progress  of  science  and  useful  arts  by  securing  for 
limited  times  to  authors  and  inventors  the  exclusive  right  to  their  respec- 
tive writings  and  discoveries; 

To  constitute  tribunals  inferior  to  the  Supreme  Court; 

To  define  and  punish  piracies  and  felonies  committed  on  the  high 
seas,  and  offenses  against  the  law  of  nations; 

To  declare  war,  grant  letters  of  marque  and  reprisals,  and  make 
rules  concerning  captures  on  land  and  water ; 

To  raise  and  support  armies;  but  no  appropriation  of  money  to  that 
use  shall  be  for  a  longer  term  than  two  years; 

To  provide  and  maintain  a  navy. 

To  make  rules  for  the  government  and  regulation  of  the  land  and 
naval  forces; 

To  provide  for  calling  forth  the  militia  to  execute  the  laws  of  the 
Union,  suppress  insurrections  and  repel  invasion; 

To  provide  for  organizing,  arming  and  disciplining  the  militia,  and 
for  governing  such  part  of  them  as  may  be  employed  in  the  service  of  the 
United  States,  reserving  to  the  States  respectively  the  appointment  of  the 
officers,  and  the  authority  of  training  the  militia  according  to  the  disci- 
pline prescribed  by  Congress; 

To  exercise  exclusive  legislation  in  all  cases  whatsoever,  over  such 
district  (not  exceeding  ten  miles  square)  as  may  by  cession  of  particular 
States,  and  the  acceptance  of  Congress,  become  the  seat  of  the  govern- 
ment of  the  United  States,  and  to  exercise  like  authority  over  all  places 
purchased  by  the  consent  of  the  Legislature  of  the  State  in  which  the 
same  shall  be,  for  the  erection  of  forts,  magazines,  arsenals,  dock  yard-, 
and  other  needful  buildings;  and 

To  make  all  laws  which  shall  be  necessary  and  proper  for  carrying 


CONSTITUTION  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES.  35 

into  execution  the  foregoing  powers,  and  all  other  powers  vested  by  this 
Constitution  in  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  or  in  any  depart- 
ment or  officer  thereof. 

Sec.  9.  The  migration  or  importation  of  such  persons  as  any  of  the 
States  now  existing  shall  think  proper  to  admit,  shall  not  be  prohibited 
by  the  Congress  prior  to  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundi'ed  and  eig*ht; 
but  a  tax  or  duty  may  be  imposed  on  such  importation,  not  exceedui^  te^i 
dollars  for  each  person. 

The  privilege  of  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  shall  not  be  suspended, 
unless  when  in  case  of  rebellion  or  invasion  the  public  safety  may 
require  it. 

No  bill  of  attainder  or  ex  post  facto  law  shall  be  passed. 

No  capitation  or  other  direct  tax  shall  be  laid,  unless  in  proportion 
to  the  census  or  enumeration  hereinbefore  directed  to  be  taken. 

Xo  tax  or  duty  shall  be  laid  on  articles  exported  from  any  State. 
No  preference  shall  be  given  by  any  regulation  of  commerce  or  revenue 
to  the  ports  of  one  State  over  those  of  another;  nor  shall  vessels  bound 
to  or  from  one  State  be  obliged  to  enter,  clear,  or  pay  duties  in  another. 

No  money  shall  be  drawn  from  the  treasury,  but  in  consequence  of 
appropriations  made  by  law;  and  a  regular  statement  and  account  of  the 
receipts  and  expenditures  of  all  public  money  shall  be  published  from 
time  to  time. 

No  title  of  nobilitj'  shall  be  granted  by  the  United  States ;  and  no 
person  holding  any  office  of  profit  or  trust  under  them,  shall,  without  the 
consent  of  the  Congress,  accept  of  any  present,  emolument,  office,  or  title 
of  any  kind  whatever,  from  any  king,  prince  or  foreign  State. 

Sec.  10.  No  State  shall  enter  into  any  treaty,  alliance  or  confeder- 
ation; grant  letters  of  marque  and  reprisal;  coin  money;  emit  bills  of 
credit;  make  anything  but  gold  and  silver  coin  a  tender  in  payment  of 
debts;  pass  any  bill  of  attainder,  ex  post  facto  law,  or  law  impairing  the 
obligation  of  contracts,  or  grant  any  title  of  nobility. 

No  State  shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  Congress,  lay  any  imposts 
or  duties  on  imports  or  exports,  except  what  may  be  absolutely  necessary 
for  executing  its  inspection  laws;  and  the  net  produce  of  all  duties  and 
imposts,  laid  by  any  »State  on  imports  or  exports,  shall  be  for  the  use  of 
the  treasury  of  the  United  States;  and  all  such  laws  shall  be  subject  to 
the  revision  and  control  of  the  Congress.  No  State  shall,  without  the 
consent  of  Congress,  lay  any  duty  of  tonnage,  keep  troops  or  S'hips  of  war 
in  time  of  peace,  enter  into  any  agreement  or  compact  with  another 
State,  or  with  a  foreign  power,  or  engage  in  war,  unless  actually  invaded, 
or  in  such  imminent  danger  as  will  not  admit  of  delay. 

AETICLE  n. 

Section  1.  The  executive  power  shall  be  vested  in  a  President  of 
the  United  States  of  America.    He  shall  hold  his  office  during  the  term 


36  CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

of  four  years,  and,  together  with  the  Vice  President,  dhosen  for  the  same 
term,  be  elected  as  follows: 

Each  State  shall  appoint,  in  such  manner  as  the  Legislature  thereof 
may  direct,  a  number  of  Electors,  equal  to  the  whole  number  of  Senators 
and  Representatives  to  which  the  State  may  be  entitled  in  the  Congress; 
but  no  Senator  or  Representative,  or  person  holding  an  office  of  trust  or 
profit  under  the  United  States,  shall  be  appointed  an  Elector. 

The  Congress  may  determine  the  time  of  choosing  the  Electors,  and 
the  day  on  which  they  shall  give  their  vote ;  which  day  shall  be  the  same 
throughout  the  United  States. 

No  person,  except  a  natural  born  citizen,  or  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution,  shall  be  eligible 
to  the  office  of  President;  neither  shall  any  person  be  eligible  to  that  office 
who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the  age  of  thirtyfive  years,  and  been  four- 
teen years  a  resident  within  the  United  States. 

In  case  of  the  removal  of  the  President  from  office,  or  of  his  death, 
resignation  or  inability  to  discharge  the  powers  and  duties  of  the  said 
office,  the  same  shall  devolve  on  the  Vice  President,  and  the  Congress 
may  by  law  provide  for  the  case  of  removal,  death,  resignation  or  inabil- 
ity, both  of  the  President  and  Vice  President,  declaring  what  officer  shall 
then  act  as  President,  and  such  officer  shall  act  accordingly,  until  the 
disability  be  removed,  or  a  President  shall  be  elected. 

The  President  shall,  at  stated  times,  receive  for  his  services  a  com- 
pensation which  shall  neither  be  increased  nor  diminished  during  the 
period  for  which  he  shall  have  been  elected,  and  he  shall  not  receive  within 
that  period  any  other  emoluments  from  the  United  States,  or  any  of 
them. 

Before  he  enter  on  the  execution  of  his  office,  he  shall  take  the  fol- 
lowing oath  or  affirmation: 

"I  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will  faithfully  execute  the 
office  of  President  of  the  United  States,  and  will,  to  the  best  of  my  ability, 
preserve,  protect  and  defend  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States." 

Sec.  2.  The  President  shall  be  commander  in  Chief  of  the  army  and 
navy  of  the  United  States,  and  of  the  militia  of  the  several  States,  when 
called  into  the  actual  service  of  the  United  States;  he  may  require  the 
opinion,  in  writing,  of  the  principal  officer  in  each  of  the  executive 
departments,  ui)on  any  subject  relating  to  the  duties  of  their  respective 
offices,  and  he  shall  have  power  to  grant  reprieves  and  pardons  for  offenses 
against  the  United  States,  except  in  cases  of  impeachment. 

He  shall  have  power,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
Senate,  to  make  treaties,  provided  two-thirds  of  the  Senators  present 
concur;  and  he  shall  nominate,  and  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent 
of  the  Senate,  shall  appoint  ambassadors,  other  public  ministers  and 
consuls,  judges  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  all  other  officers  of  the  United 
States,  whose  appointments  are  not  herein  otherwise  provided  for,  and 
which  shall  be  established  by  law ;  but  the  Congress  may  by  law  vest  the 


CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES.  37 

appointment  of  such  inferior  officers,  as  they  think  proper,  in  the  Presi- 
dent alone,  in  the  courts  of  law,  or  in  the  heads  of  departments. 

The  President  shall  have  power  to  fill  up  all  vacancies  that  may 
happen  during  the  recess  of  the  Senate,  by  granting  commissions  which 
shall  expire  at  the  end  of  their  next  session. 

Sec.  3.  He  shall,  from  time  to  time,  give  to  the  Congress  informa- 
tion of  the  state  of  the  Union,  and  recommend  to  their  consideration 
such  measures  as  he  shall  judge  necessary  and  expedient;  he  may,  on 
extraordinary  occasions,  convene  both  houses,  or  either  of  them,  and  in 
case  of  disagreement  between  them,  with  respect  to  the  time  of  adjourn- 
ment, he  may  adjourn  them  to  such  time  as  he  shall  think  proper;  he 
shall  receive  ambassadors  and  other  public  ministers;  he  shall  take  care 
that  the  laws  be  faithfully  executed  and  shall  commission  all  officers  of 
the  United  States. 

Sec.  4.  The  President,  Vice  President,  and  all  civil  officers  of  the 
United  States,  shall  be  removed  from  office  on  impeachment  for  and  con- 
viction of  treason,  bribery  or  other  high  crimes  and  misdemeanors. 

AETICLE  III. 

Section  1.  The  judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  be  vested 
in  one  Supreme  Court,  and  in  such  inferior  courts  as  the  Congress  may 
from  time  to  time  ordain  and  establish.  The  judges,  both  of  the  supreme 
and  inferior  courts,  shall  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior,  and 
shall  at  stated  times  receive  for  their  services  a  compensation,  which  shall 
not  be  diminished  during  their  continuance  in  office. 

Sec.  2.  The  judicial  power  shall  extend  to  all  cases,  in  law  and 
equity,  arising  under  this  Constitution,  the  laws  of  the  United  States, 
and  treaties  made,  or  which  shall  be  made,  under  their  authority;  to  all 
cases  affecting  ambassadors,  other  public  ministers,  and  consuls;  to  all 
cases  of  admiralty  and  maritime  jurisdiction;  to  controversies  to  which 
the  United  States  shall  be  a  party;  to  controversies  between  two  or  more 
States ;  between  a  State  and  citizens  of  another  State ;  between  citizens 
of  different  States;  between  citizens  of  the  same  State  claiming  lands 
under  grants  of  different  States,  and  between  a  State,  or  the  citizens 
thereof,  and  foreign  States,  citizens  or  subjects. 

In  all  cases  affecting  ambassadors,  other  public  ministers  and  consuls, 
and  those  in  which  a  State  shall  be  a  party,  the  Supreme  Court  shall  have 
original  jurisdiction.  In  all  the  other  cases  before  mentioned,  the  Supreme 
Court  shall  have  appellate  jurisdiction,  both  as  to  law  and  fact,  with  such 
exceptions  and  under  such  regulations  as  the  Congress  shall  make. 

The  trial  of  all  crimes,  except  in  cases  of  impeachment,  shall  be  by 
jury;  and  such  trial  shall  be  held  in  the  State  where  the  said  crimes  shall 
have  been  committed;  but,  when  not  committed  within  any  State,  the 
trial  shall  be  at  such  place  or  places  as  the  Congress  may  by  law  have 
directed. 


447516 


38  CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Sec.  3.  Treason  against  the  United  States  shall  consist  only  in  levy- 
ing war  against  them,  or  in  adhering  to  their  enemies,  giving  them  aid 
and  comfort.  Ne  person  shall  be  convicted  of  treason  unless  on  the  testi- 
mony of  two  witnesses  to  the  same  overt  act,  or  on  confession  in  open 
court. 

The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  declare  the  punishment  of  treason, 
but  no  attainder  of  treason  shall  work  corruption  of  blood,  or  forfeiture, 
except  during  the  life  of  the  person  attainted. 

ARTICLE  IV. 

Section  1.  Fullfaith  and  credit  shall  be  given  in  each  State  to  thf 
public  acts,  records  and  judicial  proceedings  of  every  other  State.  And 
the  Congress  may,  by  general  laws,  prescribe  the  manner  in  which  such 
acts,  records  and  proceedings  shall  be  proved,  and  the  effect  thereof. 

Sec.  2.  The  citizens  of  each  State  shall  be  entitled  to  all  privileges 
and  immunities  of  citizens  in  the  several  States. 

A  person  charged  in  any  State  with  treason,  felony  or  other  crime, 
who  shall  flee  from  justice  and  be  found  in  another  State,  shall,  on 
demand  of  the  executive  authority  of  the  State  from  which  he  fled,  be 
delivered  up,  to  be  removed  to  the  State  having  jurisdiction  of  the  crime. 

No  person  held  to  service  or  labor  in  one  State,  under  the  laws 
thereof,  escaping  into  another,  shall,  in  consequence  of  any  law  or  regu- 
lation therein,  be  discharged  from  such  service  or  labor,  but  shall  be 
delivered  up  on  claim  of  the  partly  to  whom  such  service  or  labor  may  be 
due. 

Sec.  3.  New  States  may  be  admitted  by  the  Congress  into  this 
Union,  but  no  new  State  shall  be  formed  or  erected  within  the  jurisdiction 
of  any  other  State;  nor  any  State  be  formed  by  the  junction  of  two  or 
more  States,  or  parts  of  States,  without  the  consent  of  the  Legislature 
of  the  States  concerned  as  well  as  of  the  Congress. 

The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  dispose  of  and  make  all  needful 
I'ules  and  regulations  respecting  the  territory  or  otlier  property  belonging 
to  the  United  States;  and  nothing  in  this  Constitution  shall  be  so  con- 
strued as  to  prejudice  any  claims  of  the  United  States,  or  of  any  particu- 
lar State. 

Sec.  4.  The  United  States  shall  guarantee  to  every  State  in  this 
Union  a  republican  form  of  government,  and  shall  protect  each  of  them 
against  invasion;  and  on  application  of  the  Legislature,  or  of  the  Execu- 
tive (when  the  Legislature  cannot  be  convened),  against  domestic  vio- 
lence. 

ARTICLE  V. 

The  Congress,  whenever  two-thirds  of  both  houses  shall  deem  it  nec- 
essary, shall  propose  amendments  to  this  Constitution,  or,  on  the  applica- 


CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES.  39 

tion  of  the  Legislatures  of  two-thirds  of  the  several  States,  shall  call  a 
convention  for  proposing  amendments,  which,  in  either  case,  shall  be 
valid  to  all  intents  and  purposes,  as  part  of  this  Constitution,  when  rati- 
fied by  the  Legislatures  of  three-fourths  of  the  several  States,  or  by  con- 
ventions in  three-fourths  thereof,  as  the  one  or  the  other  mode  of  ratifica- 
tion may  be  proposed  by  the  Congress;  provided  that  no  amendment 
which  may  be  made  prior  to  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
eight  shall  in  any  manner  affect  the  first  and  fourth  clauses  in  the  ninth 
section  of  the  first  article;  and  that  no  State,  without  its  consent  shall  be 
deprived  of  its  equal  suffrage  in  the  Senate. 

ARTICLE  VI. 

All  debts  contracted  and  engagements  entered  into  before  the  adop- 
tion of  this  Constitution  shall  be  as  valid  against  the  United  States  under 
this  Constitution  as  under  the  Confederation. 

This  Constitution  and  the  laws  of  the  United  States  which  shall  be 
made  in  pursuance  thereof,  and  all  treaties  made,  or  which  shall  be  made, 
under  the  authority  of  the  United  States,  shall  be  the  supreme  law  of  the 
land;  and  the  judges  in  every  State  shall  be  bound  thereby,  anything  in 
the  Constitution  of  laws  of  any  State  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 

The  Senators  and  Representatives  before  mentioned  and  the  mem 
bers  of  the  several  State  Legislatures,  and  all  executive  and  judicial 
ofiicers,  both  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  several  States,  shall  be 
bound  by  oath  or  afiirmation  to  support  this  Constitution ;  but  no  religious 
test  shall  ever  be  required  as  a  qualification  to  any  office  or  public  trust 
und^-r  the  United   States. 

ARTICLE  VII. 

The  ratification  of  the  conventions  of  nine  States  shall  be  sufficient 
for  the  establishment  of  this  Constitution  between  the  States  so  ratify- 
ing the  same. 

Done  in  Convention,  by  the  unanimous  consent  of  the  States  present,  the 
seventeenth  day  of  September,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand 
seven  hundred  and  eighty-seven,  and  of  the  Independence  of  the 
United  States  of  America  the  twelfth.  In  witness  whereof  we  have 
hereunto  subscribed  our  names. 

GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 
President,   and  Deputy   from    Virginia. 

New  Hampshire.  Delaware. 

John  Langdon,  George  Read, 

Nicholas   Oilman.  Gunning  Bedforil,  Jr., 

Ma,ssachusetts.  John  Dickinson, 

Nathaniel  Gorham,  Richard  Basset, 

Rufus   Eang.  Jacob  Broom, 


40 


CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Connecticuf. 
William  Samuel  Johnson, 
Eoger  Sherman. 

New  York. 
Alexander  Hamilton. 

Neiv  Jersey- 
William  Livingston, 
David  Brearley, 
William  Paterson, 
Jonathan  Dayton. 

Pennsylvania. 
Benjamin  Franklin, 
Thomas  Mifflin, 
Robert  Morris, 
George  Clymer, 
Thomas  Fitzsimons, 
Jared  Ingersol, 
James   Wilson, 
Gouverneur  Morris, 


Maryland. 
James  M 'Henry, 
Dan.  of  St.  Thomas  Jenifer. 
Daniel  Carroll. 

Virginia. 
John  Blair, 
James    Madison,   Jr. 

North  Carolina. 
William  Blount, 
R'chard  Dobbs  Spaight, 
Hu.  Williamson. 

South  Carolina. 
J.  Ruttledge, 

Chas.   Cotesworth  Pinckney, 
Charles  Pinckney, 
Pierce  Butler. 

Georgia. 
William  Few, 
Abr.  Baldwin. 


Attest : 


William  Jackson,  Secretary. 


AMENDMENTS 

To  the  Constitution  of  tlie  United  States. 


ARTICLE  I. 


Congress  shall  make  no  law  respecting  an  establishment  of  religion, 
cr  prohibiting  the  free  exercise  thereof;  or  abridging  the  freedom  of 
speech,  or  of  the  press;  or  the  right  of  the  people  peaceably  to  assemble, 
and  to  petition  the  Government  for  a  redress  of  grievances. 

ARTICLE  II. 

A  well  regulated  militia  being  necessary  to  the  security  of  a  free 
State,  the  right  of  the  people  to  keep  and  bear  arms  shall  not  be  infringed. 

ARTICLE  III. 

No  soldier  shall,  in  time  of  peace,  be  quartered  in  any  house,  without 
the  consent  of  the  owner,  nor  in  the  time  of  war,  but  in  a  manner  to  be 
prescribed  by  law. 

ARTICLE  IV. 

The  right  of  the  people  to  be  secure  in  their  persons,  houses,  papers, 
and  effects,  against  unreasonable  searches  and  seizures,  shall  not  be  vio- 
lated, and  no  warrants  shall  issue,  but  upon  probable  cause,  supported 
by  oath  or  affirmation,  and  particularly  describing  the  place  to  be  searched 
and  the  persons  or  things  to  be  seized. 

ARTICLE  V. 

No  person  shall  be  held  to  answer  for  a  capital  or  otherwise  in- 
famous crime,  unless  on  a  presentment  or  indictment  of  a  grand  jury, 
except  in  cases  arising  in  the  land  or  naval  forces,  or  in  the  militia,  when 
in  actual  service  in  time  of  war  or  public  danger;  nor  shall  any  person 
be  subject,  for  the  same  offense,  to  be  twice  put  in  jeopardy  of  life  or 
limb;  nor  shall  be  compelled  in  any  criminal  case  to  be  a  witness  against 
himself,  nor  be  deprived  of  life,  liberty  or  property  without  due  process 
of  law;  nor  shall  private  property  be  taken  for  public  use  without  just 
compensation. 


42  Al\IK^l)^r^:NTs  to  constitution  of  united  states. 

ARTICLE  VI. 

Ill  all  criminal  prosecutions,  the  accused  shall  enjoy  the  right  to  a 
speedy  and  public  trial,  by  an  impartial  jury  of  the  State  and  district 
wherein  the  crime  shall  have  been  committed,  which  district  shall  have 
been  previously  ascertained  by  law,  and  to  be  informed  of  the  nature 
and  cause  of  the  accusation;  to  be  confronted  with  the  witnesses  against 
him;  to  have  compulsory  process  for  obtaining  witnesses  in  his  favor,  and 
to  have  the  assistance  of  counsel  in  his  defense. 

ARTICLE  VII. 

In  suits  at  common  law,  where  the  value  in  controversy  shall  exceed 
twenty  dollars,  the  right  of  trial  by  jury  shall  be  preserved,  and  no  fact 
tried  by  a  jury  shall  be  otherwise  re-examined  in  any  court  of  the  United 
States  than  according  to  the  rules  of  the  common  law. 

ARTICLE  VIII. 

Excessive  bail  shall  not  be  required,  nor  excessive  fines  imposed,  nor 
cruel  and  unusual  punishments  inflicted. 

ARTICLE  IX. 

The  enumeration  in  the  Constitution  of  certain  rights,  shall  not  be 
construed  to  deny  or  disparage  others  retained  by  the  people. 

ARTICLE  X. 

The  powers  not  delegated  to  the  LTnited  States  by  the  Constitution 
nor  prohibited  by  it  to  the  States  are  reserved  to  the  States  respectively, 
or  to  the  people. 

ARTICLE  XL 

The  judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  not  be  construed  to 
extend  to  any  suit  in  law  or  equity  copimenced  or  prosecuted  against  one 
of  the  United  States  by  citizens  of  another  State,  or  by  citizens  or  subjects 
of  any  foreign  State. 

ARTICLE  XII. 

The  Electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  States  and  vote  by  ballot 
for  President  and  Vice  President,  one  of  whom,  at  least,  shall  not  be  an 
inhabitant  of  the  same  State  with  themselves;  they  shall  name  in  their 
ballots  the  person  voted  for  as  President,  and  in  distinct  ballots  the  person 
voted  for  as  Vice  President,  and  they  shall  make  distinct  lists  of  all 
persons  voted  for  as  President  and  of  all  persons  voted  for  as  Vice  Presi- 
dent, and  of  the  number  of  votes  for  each,  which  lists  they  shall  sign 
and  certify  and  transmit  sealed  to  the  seat  of  the  Government  of  the 
L'nilod  States,  directed  to  the  President  of  the  Senate.  The  President 
of  the  Senate  shall,  in  presence  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representa- 


AMENDMENTS  TO  CONSTITUTION  OF  UNITED  STATES.  i3 

fives,  cpen  all  the  certificates,  and  the  votes  shall  then  be  counted;  the 
person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  for  President  shall  be 
the  ] 'resident,  if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of 
Electors  appointed;  and,  if  no  person  have  such  majority,  then  from  the 
persons  having  the  highest  numbers  not  exceeding  three  on  the  list  of 
those  voted  for  as  President,  the  House  of  Eepresentatives  shall  choose 
immediately,  by  ballot,  the  President.  But,  in  chosing  the  President,  the 
votes  shall  be  taken  by  States,  the  representation  from  each  State  having 
one  vote;  the  quorum  for  this  purpose  shall  consist  of  a  member  or 
members  from  two-thirds  of  the  States,  and  a  majority  of  all  the  States 
shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.  And  if  the  House  of  Eepresentatives  shall 
not  choose  a  President,  whenever  the  right  of  choice  shall  devolve  upon 
them,  before  the  fourth  day  of  March  next  following,  then  the  Vice  Presi- 
dent shall  act  as  President,  as  in  the  case  of  the  death  or  other  constitu- 
tional disability  of  the  President.  The  person  having  the  greatest  number 
of  votes  as  Vice  President  shall  be  the  Vice  President,  if  such  number  be  a 
majority  of  the  whole  number  of  Electors  appointed;  and,  if  no  person 
have  a  majority,  then  from  the  two  highest  numbers  on  the  list  the  Senate 
shall  choose  the  Vice  President;  a  quorum  for  the  purpose  shall  consist 
of  two-thirds  of  the  whole  number  of  Senators,  and  a  majority  of  the 
whole  number  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.  But  no  person  constitution- 
ally ineligible  to  the  office  of  President  shall  be  eligible  to  that  of  Vice 
President  of  the  United  States. 

ARTICLE  XTII. 

Section  1.  Neither  slavery  nor  involuntary  servitude,  except  as  a 
punishment  for  crime,  whereof  the  party  shall  have  been  duly  convicted, 
shall  exist  within  the  United  States  or  any  place  subject  to  their  juris- 
diction. 

Sec.  2.  Congress  shall  have  power  to*  enforce  this  article  by  appro- 
priate legislation. 

ARTICLE  XIV. 

Section  1.  All  persons  born  or  naturalized  in  the  United  States, 
and  subject  to  the  jurisdiction  thereof,  are  citizens  of  the  United  States, 
and  of  .the  State  wherein  they  reside.  No  State  shall  make  or  enforce 
any  law  which  shall  abridge  the  privileges  or  immunities  of  citizens  of 
the  United  States;  nor  shall  any  State  deprive  any  person  of  life,  liberty 
or  property  without  due  process  of  law,  nor  deny  to  any  person  within  its 
jurisdiction  the  equal  protection  of  its  laws. 

Sec.  2.  Representatives  shall  be  apportioned  among  the  several 
States  according  to  their  respective  numbers,  counting  the  whole  number 
of  persons  in  each  State,  excluding  Indians  not  taxed.  But  when  the 
right  to  vote  at  any  election  for  the  choice  of  Electors  for  President  and 
Vice  President  of  the  United  States,  Representatives  in  Congress,  the 
executive  and  judicial  officers  of  a  State,  or  the  members  of  the  Legis- 
lature thereof,  is  denied  to  any  of  the  male  inhabitants  of  such  State, 


44  AMENDMENTS  TO  CONSTITUTION  OF  UNITED  STATES. 

being  twenty-one  years  of  age,  and  citizens  of  the  United  States,  or  in 
any  way  abridged,  except  for  participation  in  rebellion  or  other  crime, 
the  basis  of  representation  therein  shall  be  reduced  in  the  proportion 
which  the  number  of  such  male  citizens  shall  be  to  the  whole  number  of 
male  citizens  twenty-one  years  of  age  in  such  State, 

Sec.  3.  No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  or  Representative  in  Congress, 
or  Elector  of  President  and  Vice  President,  or  hold  any  office,  civil  or 
military,  under  the  United  States,  or  any  State,  who,  having  previously 
taken  an  oath  as  a  member  of  Congress,  or  as  an  officer  of  the  United  • 
States,  or  as  a  member  of  any  State  Legislature,  or  as  an  executive  or 
judicial  officer  of  any  State,  to  support  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States,  shall  have  engaged  in  insurrection  or  rebellion  against  the  same, 
or  given  aid  or  comfort  to  the  enemies  thereof.  But  Congress  may,  by 
a  vote  of  two-thirds  of  each  house,  remove  such  disability. 

Sec.  4.  The  validity  of  the  public  debt  of  the  United  States  author- 
ized by  law,  including  debts  incurred  for  payment  of  pensions  and  boun- 
ties for  services  in  suppressing  insurrection  and  rebellion,  shall  not  be 
questioned.  But  neither  the  United  States  nor  any  State  shall  assume 
or  pay  any  debt  or  obligation  incurred  in  aid  of  insurrection  or  rebellion 
against  the  United  States;  or  any  claim  for  the  loss  or  emancipation  of 
any  slaves ;  but  all  such  debts,  obligations  and  claims  shall  be  held  illegal 
and  void. 

Sec.  5.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce,  by  appropriate 
legislation,  the  provisions  of  this  article. 

ARTICLE  XV. 

Section  1.  The  right  of  citizens  of  the  United  States  to  vote  shall 
not  be  denied  or  abridged  by  the  LTnited  States  or  by  any  State  on  account 
of  race,  color  or  previous  condition  of  servitude. 

Sec.  2.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce  this  article  by 
appropriate  legislation. 


TREATY  WITH  FRENCH  REPUBLIC.  45 


TREATY    BETWEEN    THE    UNITED    STATES    OF 
AMERICA  AND  THE  FRENCH  REPUBLIC. 


The  President  of  the  United  States  of  America  and  the  First  Consul 
of  the  French  Kepublic,  in  the  name  of  the  French  people,  desiring  to 
remove  all  sources  of  misunderstanding  relative  to  objects  of  discussion 
mentioned  in  the  second  and  fifth  articles  of  the  convention  of  the  eighth 
Vendemaire  an  9  (thirtieth  September,  1800),  relative  to  the  rights 
claimed  by  the  United  States,  in  virtue  of  the  treaty  concluded  at  Madrid 
the  twenty-seventh  of  October,  1795,  between  his  Catholic  Majesty  and 
the  said  United  States,  and  willing  to  strengthen  the  union  and  friend- 
ship which  at  the  time  of  said  convention  was  happily  re-established 
between  the  two  nations,  have  respectively  named  their  plenipotentiaries, 
to-wit:  the  President  of  the  United  States  of  America,  by  and  with  the 
advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate  of  the  said  States,  Robert  R.  Livings- 
ton, Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  the  United  States,  and  James  Monroe, 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  and  Envoy  Extraordinary  of  the  said  States, 
near  the  Government  of  the  French  Republic;  and  the  First  Consul,  in 
the  name  of  the  French  people,  citizen  Francis  Barbe  Marbois,  Minister 
of  the  Public  Treasury,  who,  after  having  respectively  exchanged  their 
full  powers,  have  agreed  to  the  following  articles: 

ARTICLE  L 

Whereas,  By  the  article  the  third  of  the  treaty  concluded  at  St. 
Ildelfonso,  the  ninth  Vendemaire,  an  9  (first  October,  1800),  between  the 
First  Consul  of  the  French  Republic  and  his  Catholic  JMajesty,  it  was 
agreed  as  follows:  "His  Catholic  Majesty  promises  and  engages  on  his 
part  to  cede  to  the  French  Republic,  six  months  after  the  full  and  entire 
e.\ecutions  of  the  conditions  and  stipulations  herein  relative  to  his  royal 
higlmess  the  Duke  of  Panna,  the  colony  or  province  of  Louisiana,  with 
the  same  extent  that  it  now  has  in  the  hands  of  Spain,  and  that  it  had 
when  France  possessed  it;  and  such  as  it  should  be  after  the  treaties 
subsequently  entered  into  between  Spain  and  other  States."  And,  ivhereas, 
in  pursuance  of  the  treaty,  and  particularly  of  the  third  article,  the 
French  Republic  has  an  incontestable  title  to  the  domain  and  to  the  pos- 
session of  the  said  territory:  the  First  Consul  of  the  French  Republic 
desiring  to  give  to  the  United  States  a  strong  proof  of  his  friendship,  doth 
hereby  cede  to  the  said  United  States,  in  the  name  of  the  French  Repub- 
lic, forever  and  in  full  sovereignty,  the  said  territory  with  all  its  rights 


46  TRKATV    WiTEi  FRENCH  REPUBLIC. 

and  appurtenances,  as  fully  and  in  the  same  manner  as  they  have  been 
acquired  by  the  French  Republic  in  virtue  of  the  above  mentioned  treaty 
concluded  with  his  Catholic  Majesty. 

ARTICLE  II. 

In  the  cession  made  by  the  preceding  article  are  included  the  adjacent 
islands  belonging  to  Louisiana,  all  public  lots  and  squares,  vacant  lands, 
and  all  public  buildings,  fortifications,  barracks,  and'  other  edifices  which 
are  not  private  property.  The  archives,  papers  and  documents  relative  to 
the  domain  and  sovereignty  of  Louisiana  and  its  dependencies  will  be 
left  in  the  possession  of  the  commissaries  of  the  United  States,  and  copies 
will  be  afterwards  given  in  due  form  to  the  magistrates  and  municipal 
officers  of  such  of  the  said  papers  and  documents  as  may  be  necessary  to 
them. 

ARTICLE  III. 

The  inhabitants  of  the  ceded  territory  shall  be  incorporated  in  the 
Union  of  the  United  States,  and  admitted  as  soon  as  possible,  according 
to  the  principles  of  tlie  Eederal  Constitution,  to  the  enjoyment  of  all  the 
rights,  advantages  and  immunities  of  citizens  of  the  United  States;  and, 
in  the  meantime,  they  shall  be  maintained  and  protected  in  the  free 
eujoyment  of  their  liberty,  property  and  the  religion  which  they  profess. 

ARTICLE  IV. 

There  shall  be  sent  by  the  government  of  France  a  commissary  to 
Louisiana,  to  the  end  that  he  do  every  act  necessary  as  well  to  receive 
from  the  officers  of  his  Catholic  Majesty  the  said  country  and  its  depend- 
encies, in  the  name  of  the  French  Republic,  if  it  has  not  been  already 
done,  as  to  transmit  it,  in  the  name  of  tlie  French  Republic,  to  the  com- 
missary or  agent  of  the  United  States. 

ARTICLE  V. 

Immediately  after  the  ratification  of  the  present  treaty  by  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  and  in  case  that  of  the  First  Consul  shall  have 
previously  obtained,  the  commissary  of  the  French  Republic  shall  remit 
all  the  military  posts  of  New  Orleans,  and  other  parts  of  the  ceded  terri- 
tory, to  the  commissary  or  commissaries  named  by  the  President  to  take 
possession ;  the  troops,  whether  of  France  or  Spain,  who  may  be  there, 
shall  cease  to  occupy  any  military  post  from  the  time  of  taking  possession 
and  shall  he  embarked  as  soon  as  possible,  in  the  course  of  three  months 
after  the  ratification  of  this  treaty. 

ARTICLE  VI. 

The  United  States  promise  to  execute  such  treaties  and  articles  as 
may   liave   been    agreed    between    Spain    and    the    tribes    and   nations   of 


TREATY  WITH  FRENCH  REPUBLIC.  47 

Indians,  until,  by  mutual  consent  of  the  United  States  and  the  said  tribes 
or  nations,  other  suitable  articles  shall  have  been  agreed  upon. 

AETICLE  VII. 

As  it  is  reciprocally  advantageous  to  the  commerce  of  France  and  the 
United  States  to  encourage  the  communication  of  both  nations  for  a 
limited  time  in  the  country  ceded  by  the  present  treaty,  until  general 
arrangements  relative  to  the  commerce  of  both  nations  may  be  agreed  on, 
it  has  been  agreed  between  the  contracting  parties  that  the  French  ships, 
coming  directly  from  France  or  any  of  her  colonies,  loaded  only  with  the 
produce  or  manufactures  of  France  or  her  said  colonies  and  the  ships  of 
Spain,  coming  directly  from  Spain  or  any  of  her  colonies,  loaded  only  with 
the  produce  or  manufactures  of  Spain  or  her  colonies,  shall  be  admitted 
during  the  space  of  twelve  years  in  the  port  of  New  Orleans,  and  in  all 
other  legal  ports  of  entry  within  the  ceded  territory,  in  the  same  manner 
as  the  ships  of  the  United  States  coming  directly  from  France  or  Spain, 
or  any  of  their  colonies,  without  being  subject  to  any  other  or  greater 
duty  on  merchandise,  or  other  or  greater  tonnage  than  those  paid  by  the 
citizens  of  the  United  States. 

During  the  space  of  time  above  mentioned  no  other  nation  shall  have 
a  right  to  the  same  privileges  in  the  ports  of  the  ceded  territory;  the 
twelve  years  shall  commence  three  months  after  the  exchange  of  ratifica- 
tions, if  it  shall  take  place  in  France,  or  three  months  after  it  shall  have 
been  notified  at  Paris  to  the  French  Government,  if  it  shall  take  place  in 
the  United  States;  it  is,  however,  well  understood  that  the  object  of  the 
above  article  is  to  favor  the  manufactures,  commerce,  freight  and  naviga- 
tion of  France  and  of  Spain,  so  far  as  relates  to  the  importations  that 
the  French  and  Spanish  shall  make  into  the  said  ports  of  the  United 
States,  without  in  any  sort  affecting  the  regulations  that  the  United 
States  may  make  concerning  the  exportation  of  the  produce  and  merchan- 
dise of  the  United  States,  or  any  right  they  may  have  to  make  such  regu- 
kitions. 

AETICLE  VIII. 

In  future  and  forever  after  the  expiration  of  the  twelve  years  the 
ships  of  France  shall  be  treated  upon  the  footing  of  the  most  favored 
nations  in  the  ports  above  mentioned. 

AUTICLE  IX. 

The  particular  convention  signed  this  day  by  the  respective  ministers, 
having  for  its  object  to  provide  for  the  payment  of  debts  due  to  th^  citi- 
zens of  the  United  States  by  the  French  Republic,  prior  to  the  thirtieth 
of  September,  1800,  (8th  Vendemaire,  9),  is  approved,  and  to  have  its 
execution  in  the  same  manner  as  if  it  had  been  inserted  in  the  present 
treaty,  and  it  shall  be  ratified  in  the  same  form  and  in  the  same  time,  so 
that  the  one  shall  not  be  ratified  distinct  from  the  other. 

Another  particular  convention,  signed  at  the  same  date  as  the  present 


48  TREATY  WITH  FRENCH  REPUBLIC. 

treaty,  relative  to  a  definitive  rule  between  the  contracting  parties,  is  in 
the  like  manner  approved  and  will  be  ratified  in  the  same  form  and  in 
the  same  time  and  jointly. 

AKTICLE  X. 

The  present  treaty  shall  be  ratified  in  good  and  due  form,  and  the 
ratification  shall  be  exchanged  in  the  space  of  six  months  after  the  date 
of  the  signatures  by  the  ministers  plenipotentiaries,  or  sooner,  if  possible. 

In  faith  whereof  the  respective  plenipotentiaries  have  signed  these 
articles  in  the  French  and  English  languages ;  declaring,  nevertheless, 
that  the  present  treaty  was  originally  agreed  to  in  the  French  language; 
and  have  thereunto  put  their  seals. 

Done  at  Paris  the  tenth  day  of  Floreal,  in  the  eleventh  year  of  the  French 
Republic,  and  the  thirtieth  April,  1803. 

ROBERT  R.  LIVINGSTON,  (l.  s.) 

JAMES  MONROE,  (l.  s.) 

F.  BARBE  MARBOIS.  (l.  s.) 


LAWS   DEFINING 

THE 

LIMITS  OF  THE  STATE  OF  LOUISIANA. 


AN  ACT 


Erecting  Louisiana  into  two  Territories^  and  Providing  fok 

THE   TeMIORABY    GOVERNMENT    THEREOF. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives 

of  the  United  States  of  America,  in  Congress  assembled.  That  b^u^n^darie^s^ljf 

all  that  portion   of  country  ceded  by  France  to  the  United  the  Territory 

States,  under  the  name  of  Louisiana,  which  lies  south  of  the  act  o/con-^ 

Mississippi  territory,  and  of  an  east  and  west  line  to  commence  ^'''^**' .'^P" 

,      ,r-     ....  1        ,  .  ,  .    ,    ,  ^  ,    ,        proved    March 

on  the  Mississippi  river,  at  the  thirty-third  degree  of  north  lat-  20,    1804. 

itude,  and  to  extend  west  to  the  western  boundary  of  the  said 

cession,  shall  constitute  a  territory  of  the  United  States,  undei- 

the  name  of  the  Territory  of  Orleans,  the  government  whereof 

shall  be  organized  and  administered  as  follows : 

We,  the  representatives  of  the  people  of  all  that  part  of  the 

territory  or  country  ceded,  under  the  name  of  Louisiana,  by 

the  treaty  made  at  Paris,  on  the  thirtieth  day  of  April,  one  the  Constitu- 

thousand  eight  hundred  and  three,  between  the  United  States  g't^ate^^of^^ 

j^d  France,  contained  in  the  following  limits,  to-wit:     Begin-  r>ouisiana   of 

.  181'' 

iiing  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Sabine,  thence  by  a  line  to  be 

drawn  along  the  middle  of  said  river,  including  all  its  islands, 
to  the  thirty-second  degree  of  latitude;  thence  due  north  to 
the  northernmost  part  of  the  thirty-third  degree  of  north  lati- 
tude; thence  along  the  said  parallel  of  latitude  to  the  river 
Mississippi ;  tiience  down  the  said  river  to  the  river  Iberville, 
and  from  thence  along  the  middle  of  the  said  river  and  lakes 
Maurepas  and  Pontchartrain  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico;  thence, 
bounded  by  the  said  gulf,  to  the  place  of  beginning,  including 
all  islands  within  three  leagues  of  the  coast,  in  convention 
assembled,  by  virtue  of  an  act  of  Congress,  entitled  "An  Act 
to  enable  the  people  of  the  Territory  of  Orleans  to  form  a  con- 
stitution and  State  government,  and  for  the  admission  of  said 
State  into  the  Union  on  an  equal  footing  with  the  original 


50  LAWS   ni:FINING   LIMITS   OF   STATE  OF   LOUISIANA. 

States,  and  for  other  purposes."  In  order  to  secure  to  all  the 
citizens  thereof  the  enjoyment  of  the  right  of  life,  liberty  and 
property,  do  ordain  and  establish  the  following  constitution  or 
form  of  government,  and  do  mutually  agree  with  each  other  to 
form  ourselves  into  a  free  and  independent  State,  by  the  name 
of  the  State  of  Louisiana. 


AN  ACT 

To  Enlarge  the  Limits  of  Louisiana. 

Be  it  enacted  hy  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives 
Rniarsiug  the  of  the  United  states  of  America,  in  Congress  assembled,  That 
Hraits  of  the  ij^  case  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  Louisiana  shall  consent 
Louisiana.  thereto,  all  that  tract  of  country  comprehended  within  the  fol- 
lowing bounds,  to-wit:  Beginning  at  the  junction  of  the  Iber- 
ville with  the  river  Mississippi,  thence  along  the  middle  of  the 
Iberville,  the  river  Amite,  and  of  the  lakes  Maurepas  and  Pont- 
chartrain,  to  the  eastern  mouth  of  the  Pearl  river;  thence  up 
the  eastern  branch  of  Pearl  river  to  the  thirty-first  degree  of 
north  latitude;  thence  along  the  said  degree  of  latitude  to  the 
river  Mississippi ;  thence  down  the  said  river  to  the  place  of 
beginning,  shall  become  and  form  a  part  of  the  said  State  of 
Louisiana,  and  be  subject  to  the  constitution  and  laws  thereof, 
in  the  same  manner  and  for  all  intents  and  purposes  as  if  it 
had  been  included  within  the  original  boundaries  of  the  said 
State. 

Sec.  2.  And  he  it  further  enacted.  That  it  shall  be  incum- 
bent upon  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  in  case 
they  consent  to  the  incorporation  of  the  territory  aforesaid 
within  their  limits,  at  their  first  session,  to  make  provision  by 
law  for  the  representation  of  the  said  territory  in  the  Legisla- 
ture of  the  State,  upon  the  principles  of  the  constitution,  and 
for  the  securing  to  the  people  of  the  said  torritoiy,  equal  rights, 
privileges,  benefits  and  advantages,  wuth  those  enjoyed  by  the 
people  of  the  other  parts  of  the  State;  which  law  shall  be  liable 
to  revision,  modification  and  amendment  by  Congress,  and  also 
in  the  manner  provided  for  the  amendment  of  the  State  consti- 
tution, but  shall  not  be  liable  to  change  or  amendment  by  the 
Legislature  of  the  State. 

H.  CLAY, 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 

WM.  n.  CRAWFOKD, 

Presideid  of  the  Senate  pro  tempore. 

Approved  April  14,  1812. 

JAMES  MADISON. 


LAWS  DEFINING  LIMITS   OF  STATE  OF  LOUISIANA.  51 

A  RESOLUTION 

Giving  the  Assent  of  the  Legislature  to  an  Enlargement  of 
THE  Limits  of  the  State  of  Louisiana. 

Resolved,  hy  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of 
the  State  of  Louisiana,  in  General  Asserably  convened.  That  Approving  the 
whereas  the  Senate  and  House  of  Eepresentatives  of  the  ^^'^^f^^^°^ 
United  States  of  America,  in  Congress  assembled,  by  an  act  of  Louisiana, 
entitled  "An  Act  to  enlarge  the  limits  of  the  State  of  Louis- 
iana," have  provided  that  in  case  the  Legislature  of  the  State 
of  Louisiana  shall  consent  thereto,  all  that  tract  of  country 
comprehended  within  the  following  bounds,  to-wit :  Beginning 
at  the  junction  of  the  Iberville  with  the  river  Mississippi; 
thence  along  the  middle  of  the  Iberville,  the  river  Amite,  and 
the  lakes  Maurepas  and  Pontchartrain,  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Pearl  river;  thence  up  the  eastern  branch  of  Pearl  river  to  the 
thirty-first  degree  of  north  latitude;  thence  along  the  said 
degree  of  latitude  to  the  river  Mississippi ;  thence-  down  the 
said  river  to  the  place  of  beginning,  shall  become  and  form  a 
part  of  the  said  State  of  Louisiana,  and  be  subject  to  the  con- 
stitution and  laws  thereof  in  the  same  manner  and  for  all 
intents  and  purposes,  as  if  it  had  been  included  within  the 
original  boundaries  of  said  State. 

Be  it  therefore  resolved,  and  it  is  herehy  resolved.  That  the 
Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  State  of  Louis 
iana,  in  General  Assembly  convened,  do  approve  of  and  con- 
sent to  the  enlargement  of  the  limits  of  the  said  State  of  Louis- 
iana, in  manner  as  provided  by  the  above  in  part  recited  act  of 
Congress,  hereby  declaring  that  the  same  shall  forever  be  and 
remain  a  part  of  the  State  of  Louisiana. 

P.  B.  St.  MARTIX. 
SpeaTcer  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 
J.  POYDRAS, 

President  of  the  Senate. 
August  4,  1812. 
Approved  : 

WILLIAM  C.  C.  CLAIBORNE, 

Governor  of  the  State  of  Louisiana. 


52  TERRITORIAL  ORDINANCE  RELATING  TO  PUBLIC  LANDS. 

TERRITORIAL  ORDINANCE  RELATING  TO 
PUBLIC  LANDS. 


AN  ORDINANCE 


Relating  to  the  Public  Lands  op  the  United  States,  and  Tfti: 
Lands  of  Non-Resident  Proprietors,  Citizens  of  said 
States,  within  the  Territory  of  Orleans. 

Be  it  ordained  hy  the  Representatives  of  the  people  of  the 
Territory  of  Orleans,  in  Convention  assernbled,  agreeably  to  an 
act  of  Congress  entitled,  "An  Act  to  enable  the  people  of  the 
Territory  of  Orleans  to  form  a  constitution  and  State  govern- 
ment, and  for  the  admission  of  such  State  into  the  Union,  on 
an  equal  footing  with  the  original  States,  and  for  other  pur- 
poses," That  the  people  inhabiting  the  said  Territory  do  agree 
and  declare  that  they  do  forever  disclaim  all  rights  or  title  to 
the  waste  or  unappropriated  lands  lying  within  the  said  Terri- 
tory; and  that  the  same  shall  be  and  remain  at  the  sole  and 
entire  disposition  of  the  United  States. 

And  he  it  further  enacted,  hy  the  authority  aforesaid.  That 
Lands  exempt  each  and  every  tract  of  land,  sold  by  Congress,  shall  be  and 
for  five  years  remain  exempt  from  any  tax  laid  on  under  the  authority  of  the 
Lhe^ulfited'"^  State  of  Louisiana,  either  for  State,  county,  township,  parish, 
States.  or  any  other  purposes  whatever,  for  the  term  of  five  years  from 

and  after  the  respective  days  of  the  sales  thereof,  and  that  the 
lands''^not^to^'  ^^'^^'^  belonging  to  the  citizens  of  the  United  States  residing 
be  taxed  without  the  said    State   of  Louisiana,   shall   never  be   taxed 

residents'         higher  than  the  lands  belonging  to  persons  residing  therein ; 
lands.  an(j  |^}jat  no  taxes  shall  be  imposed  on  lands  the  property  of  the 

United  States. 

And  he  it  further  ordained,  hy  the  authority  aforesaid, 
That  this  ordinance  shall  never  be  revoked,  without  the  con- 
sent of  the  United  States,  in  Congress  assembled,  being  first 
obtained  for  this  purpose. 

Done  in  Convention  at  New  Orleans,  this  day  of 

December,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eleven,  and 
of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States  of  America 
the  thirty-sixth. 

J.  POYDRAS,  President. 
By  order: 

EL.  FROl^IENTIN,  Secretary. 


CONSTITUTIONS 


OF    THE 


STATE  OF  LOUISIANA. 


Constitution  of  1812. 

Adopted  at  New  Orleans,   Jan.  22,   1812. 


We.  the  representatives  of  the  people  of  all  that  part  of  the  territory  or 
country  ceded  under  the  name  of  Louisiana,  by  the  treaty  made  at 
Paris,  on  the  thirtieth  day  of  April,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
three,  between  the  United  States  and  France,  contained  in  the  follow- 
ing limits,  to-wit :  Beginning  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Sabine,  thence 
by  a  line  to  be  drawn  along  the  middle  of  said  river,  including  all 
its  islands,  to  the  thirty-second  degree  of  latitude;  thence  due  north 
to  the  northernmost  part  of  the  thirty-third  degree  of  north  latitude ; 
thence  along  the  said  parallel  of  latitude  to  the  river  Mississippi ; 
thence  down  the  said  river  to  the  river  Iberville,  and  from  thence 
along  the  middle  of  the  said  river  and  lakes  Maurepas  and  Pontchar- 
train  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico ;  thence,  bounded  by  the  said  gulf,  to  the 
place  of  begining,  including  all  islands  within  three  leagues  of  the 
coast,  in  Convention  assembled,  by  virtue  of  an  act  of  Congress, 
entitled,  "An  act  to  enable  the  people  of  the  Territory  of  Orleans 
to  form  a  Constitution  and  State  Government,  and  for  the  admission 
of  said  State  into  the  Union,  on  an  equal  footing  with  the  original 
States,  and  for  other  purposes";  in  order  to  secure  to  all  the  citizens 
thereof,  the  enjoyment  of  the  right  of  life,  liberty  and  property,  do 
ordain  and  establish  the  folowing  Constitution  or  form  of  govern- 
ment, and  do  mutually  agree  with  each  other  to  form  ourselves  into  a 
free  and  independent  State,  by  the  name  of  the  State  of  Louisiana. 

ARTICLE  I. 

CONCERNING   THE   DISTRIBUTION    OF   THE   POWERS    OP    GOVERNMENT. 

Section  1.  The  powers  of  the  Government  of  the  State  of  Louisiana 
shall  be  divided  into  three  distinct  departments,  and  each  of  them  be 
confided  to  a  separate  body  of  magistracy,  viz. :  those  which  are  legislative 
to  one;  those  which  are  executive,  to  another;  and  those  which  are  judi- 
ciary, to  another. 

Sec.  2.  No  person  or  collection  of  persons,  being  one  of  those  depart- 
ments, shall  exercise  any  power  properly  belonging  to  either  of  the  others ; 
except  in  the  instances  hereinafter  expressly  directed  or  permited. 

ARTICLE  11. 

CONCERNING     THE     LEGISLATIVE   DEPARTMENT. 

Section  1.  The  legislative  power  of  this  State  shall  be  vested  in  two 
distinct  branches,  the  one  to  be  styled  the  House  of  Representatives,  the 


56  CONSTITUTION  OF  1812. 

other,  the  Senate;  and  both  together,  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State 
of  Louisiana. 

Sec.  2.  The  members  of  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  continue 
in  service  for  the  term  of  two  years  from  the  day  of  the  commencement 
of  the  general  election. 

Sec.  3.  Representatives  shall  be  chosen  on  the  first  Monday  of  July, 
every  two  years;  and  the  General  Assembly  shall  convene  on  the  first 
Monday  in  Januai-y  in  every  year,  unless  a  different  day  he  appointed  by 
law,  and  their  sessions  shall  be  held  at  the  seat  of  Government. 

Sec.  4.  No  person  shall  be  a  Representative  who,  at  the  time  of  his 
election,  is  not  a  free  white  male  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  hath 
not  attained  to  the  age  of  twenty-one  years,  and  resided  in  the  State  two 
years  next  preceding  his  election,  and  the  last  year  thereof  in  the  county 
for  which  he  may  be  chosen,  or  in  the  district  for  which  he  is  elected,  in 
case  tbe  said  counties  may  be  divided  into  separate  districts  of  election, 
and  has  not  held,  for  one  year,  in  the  said  county  or  district,  landed  prop- 
erty to  the  value  of  five  hundred  dollars,  agreeably  to  the  last  list. 

Sec.  5.  Elections  for  Representatives  for  the  several  counties  en- 
titled to  representation,  shall  be  held  at  the  places  of  holding  their  respec- 
tive courts,  or  in  the  several  election  precincts  into  which  the  Legislature 
may  think  proper,  from  time  to  time,  to  divide  any  or  all  of  those 
counties. 

Sec.  6.  Representation  shall  be  equal  and  imiform  in  this  State, 
and  shall  be  forever  regulated  and  ascertained  by  the  number  of  qaulified 
electors  therein.  In  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  thirteen, 
and  every  fourth  year  thereafter,  an  enumeration  of  all  the  electors  shall 
be  made  in  such  manner  as  may  be  directed  by  law.  The  number  of  Rep- 
resentatives shall,  in  the  several  years  of  making  these  enumerations,  be 
so  fixed  as  not  to  be  less  than  twenty-five  nor  more  than  fifty. 

Sec.  Y.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  choose  its  Speaker  and 
other  officers. 

Sec.  8.  In  all  elections  for  Representatives  every  free  white  male 
citizen  of  the  United  States,  who  at  the  time  being  hath  attained  to  the 
age  of  twenty-one  years,  and  resided  in  the  county  in  which  he  offers  to 
vote  one  year  next  preceding  the  election,  and  who,  in  the  last  six  months 
prior  to  the  said  election,  shall  have  paid  a  State  tax,  shall  enjoy  the  right 
of  an  elector:  Provided,  however,  That  every  free  white  male  citizen  of 
the  United  States  who  shall  have  purchased  land  from  the  United  States, 
shall  have  the  right  of  voting  whenever  he  shall  have  the  other  qualifica- 
tions of  age  and  residence  above  prescribed.  Electors  shall,  in  all  cases, 
except  treason,  felony,  breach  or  surety  of  peace,  be  privileged  from  arrest 
during  their  attendance  at,  going  to,  or  returning  from  elections. 

Sec.  9.  The  members  of  the  Senate  shall  be  chosen  for  the  term  of 
four  years,  and  when  assembled,  have  the  power  to  choose  its  officers 
annually. 

Sec.  10.  The  State  shall  be  divided  into  fourteen  Senatorial  Dis- 
tricts, which  shall  forever  remain  indivisible,  as  follows :  The  parishes  of 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1812.  57 

St.  Bernard  and  Plaquemines,  including  the  country  above  as  far  as  the 
canal  (Des  Peclieurs),  on  the  east  of  the  Mississippi,  and  on  the  west  aa 
far  as  Bernoudy's  canal,  shall  form  one  district.  The  city  of  New 
Orleans,  beginning  at  the  Nun's  Plantation,  above,  and  extending  below 
as  far  as  the  above  mentioned  canal  (Des  Pecheurs),  including  the 
inhabitants  of  the  bayou  St.  John,  shall  form  the  second  district;  the 
remained  of  the  County  of  Orleans  shall  form  the  third  district.  The 
counties  of  German  Coast,  Acadia,  Lafourche,  Iberville,  Pointe  Coupee, 
Concordia,  Attakapas,  Opelousas,  Rapides,  Natchitoches  and  Ouachita, 
shall  each  form  one  district,  and  each  district  shall  elect  a  Senator. 

Sec.  11.  At  the  session  of  the  General  Assembly,  after  this  Consti- 
tution takes  effect,  the  Senators  shall  be  divided  by  lot,  as  equally  as  may 
be,  into  two  classes;  the  seats  of  the  Senators  of  the  first  class  shall  be 
vacated  at  the  expiration  of  the  second  year;  of  the  second  class,  at  the 
expiration  of  the  fourth  year,  so  that  one-half  shall  be  chosen  every  two 
years,  and  a  rotation  thereby  kept  up  perpetually. 

Sec.  12.  No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  who,  at  the  time  of  his 
election,  is  not  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  who  hath  not  attained 
to  the  age  of  twenty-seven  years,  resided  in  this  State  four  years  next 
preceding  his  election,  and  one  year  in  the  district  in  which  he  may  be 
chosen;  and  unless  he  holds  within  the  same  a  landed  property  to  the 
value  of  one  thousand  dollars,  agreeably  to  the  tax  list. 

Sec.  13.  The  first  election  for  Senators  shall  be  general  throughout 
the  State,  and  at  the  same  time  that  the  general  election  for  Representa- 
tives is  held ;  and  thereafter  there  shall  be  a  biennial  election  of  Senators 
to  fill  the  places  of  those  whose  time  of  service  may  have  expired. 

Sec.  14.  Not  less  than  a  majority  of  the  members  of  each  house  of 
the  General  Assembly  shall  form  a  quorum  to  do  business;  but  a 
smaller  number  may  adjourn  from  day  to  day,  and  shall  be  authorized  by 
law  to  compel  the  attendance  of  absent  members,  in  such  manner  and 
under  such  penalties  as  may  be  prescribed  thereby. 

Sec.  15.  Each  house  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  judge  of  the 
qualifications,  elections  and  returns  of  its  members ;  but  a  contested  elec- 
tion shall  be  determined  in  such  manner  as  shall  be  directed  by  law. 

Sec.  16.  Each  house  of  the  General  Assembly  may  determine  the 
rules  of  its  proceedings,  punish  a  member  for  disorderly  behavior,  and 
with  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds  expel  a  member,  but  not  a  second  time 
for  the  same  offense. 

Sec.  17.  Each  house  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  keep  and  publish 
weekly,  a  journal  of  its  proceedings,  and  the  yeas  and  nays  of  the  mem- 
bers on  any  question  shall,  at  the  desire  of  any  two  of  them,  be  entered  on 
their  journal. 

Sec.  18.  Neither  house,  during  the  session  of  the  General  Assembly 
shall,  vsdthout  the  consent  of  the  other,  adjourn  for  more  than  three  days, 
nor  to  any  other  place  than  that  to  which  they  may  be  sitting. 

Sec.  19.  The  members  of  the  General  Assembly  shall,  severally, 
receive  from  the  public  treasury  a  compensation  for  their  services,  which 


58  CONSTITUTION  OF  1812. 

shall  be  four  dollars  per  day,  during  their  attendance  on,  going  to  and 
returning  from  the  session  of  their  respective  houses:  Provided,  That 
the  same  may  be  increased  or  diminished  by  law;  but  no  alteration  shall 
take  effect  during  the  period  of  service  of  the  members  of  the  House  of 
Representatives,  by  vphom'such  alteration  shall  have  been  made. 

Sec.  20.  The  members  of  the  General  Assembly  shall,  in  all  cases, 
except  treason,  felony,  breach  or  surety  of  the  peace,  be  privileged  from 
arrest,  during  their  atendance  at  the  sessions  of  their  respective  houses, 
and  going  to  or  returning  from  the  same,  and  for  any  speech  or  debate  in 
either  house  they  shall  not  be  questioned  in  any  other  place. 

Sec.  21.  No  Senator  or  Representative  shall,  during  the  term  for 
which  he  was  elected,  nor  for  one  year  thereafter,  be  appointed  or  elected 
to  any  civil  office  of  profit  under  this  State,  which  shall  have  been  created, 
or  the  emoluments  of  which  shall  have  been  increased  during  the  time 
such  Senator  or  Representative  was  in  office,  except  to  such  offices  or 
appointments  as  may  be  filled  by  the  elections  of  the  people. 

Sec.  22.  No  person,  while  he  continues  to  exercise  the  functions 
of  a  clergyman,  priest  or  teacher  of  any  religious  persuasion,  society  or 
sect,  shall  be  eligible  to  the  General  Assembly,  or  to  any  office  of  profit 
or  frust  under  this  State. 

Sec.  23.  No  person  who,  at  any  time,  may  have  been  a  collector  of 
taxes  for  the  State,  or  the  assistant  or  deputy  of  such  collector,  shall  be 
eligible  to  the  General  Assembly,  until  he  shall  have  obtained  a  quietus 
for  the  amount  of  such  collection,  and  for  all  public  moneys  for  which  he 
may  be  responsible. 

Sec.  24.  No  bill  shall  have  the  force  of  a  law  until,  on  three  several 
days,  it  be  read  over  in  each  house  of  the  General  Assembly,  and  free  dis- 
cussion allowed  thereon;  unless,  in  case  of  urgency,  four-fifths  of  the 
house  where  the  bill  shall  be  depending  may  deem  it  expedient  to  dispense 
with  this  rule. 

Sec.  2.5.  All  bills  for  raising  revenue  shall  originate  in  the  House 
of  Representatives  but  the  Senate  may  propose  amendments,  as  in  other 
bills :  Provided,  That  they  shall  not  introduce  any  new  matter,  under  the 
color  of  an  amendment,  which  does  not  relate  to  raising  a  revenue. 

Sec.  26.  The  General  Assembly  shall  regulate,  by  law,  by  whom  and 
in  what  manner  writs  of  election  shall  be  issued  to  fill  the  vacancies  which 
may  happen  in  either  branch  thereof. 

ARTICLE  in. 

CONCERNING   THE   EXECUTIVE   DEPARTMENT. 

Section  1.  The  supreme  executive  power  of  the  State  shall  be 
vested  in  the  chief  magistrate,  who  shall  be  styled  the  Governor  of  the 
State  of  Louisiana. 

Sec.  2.  The  Governor  shall  be  elected  for  the  term  of  four  years,  in 
the  following  manner:  The  citizens  entitled  to  vote  for  Representatives 
shall  vote  for  a  Governor  at  the  time  and  place  of  voting  for  Representa- 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1812.  59 

tives  and  Senators.  Their  votes  shall  be  returned  by  the  persons  presid- 
ing over  the  elections  to  the  seat  of  Government,  addressed  to  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  Senate ;  and  on  the  second  day  of  the  General  Assembly,  the 
members  of  the  two  houses  shall  meet  in  the  House  of  Kepresentatives, 
and  immediately  after,  the  two  candidates  who  shall  have  obtained  the 
greatest  nimiber  of  votes  shall  be  balloted  for,  and  the  one  having  a 
majority  of  votes  shall  be  Governor;  Provided,  however.  That  if  more  than 
two  candidates  have  obtained  the  highest  number  of  votes,  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  General  Assembly  to  ballot  for  them  in  the  manner  above 
prescribed,  and  in  case  several  candidates  should  obtain  an  equal  number 
of  votes,  next  to  the  candidate  who  has  obtained  the  highest  number,  it 
shall  be  the  duty  of  the  General  Assembly  to  select  in  the  same  manner, 
the  candidate  who  is  to  be  balloted  for  with  him  who  has  obtained  the 
highest  number  of  votes. 

Sec.  3.  The  Governor  shall  be  ineligible  for  the  succeeding  four 
years  after  the  expiration  of  the  time  for  which  he  shall  have  been 
elected. 

Sec.  4.  He  shall  be  at  least  thirty-five  years  of  age,  and  a  citizen  of 
the  United  States,  and  have  been  an  inhabitant  of  this  State  at  least  six 
years  preceding  his  election,  and  shall  hold  in  his  own  right  a  landed 
estate  of  five  thousand  dollars  value,  agreeably  to  the  tax  list. 

Sec.  5.  He  shall  commence  the  execution  of  his  office  on  the  fourth 
Monday  succeeding  the  day  of  his  election,  and  shall  continue  in  the  exe- 
cution thereof,  until  the  end  of  four  weeks  next  succeeding  the  election  of 
his  successor,  and  until  his  successor  shall  have  taken  the  oaths  of  affirm- 
ations prescribed  by  this  Constitution. 

Sec.  6.  No  member  of  Congress,  or  person  holding  any  office  under 
the  United  States,  or  minister  of  any  religious  society,  shall  be  eligible 
to  the  office  of  Governor. 

Sec.  7.  The  Governor  shall,  at  stated  times,  receive  for  his  services 
a  compensation  which  shall  neither  be  increased  nor  diminished  during 
the  term  for  which  he  shall  have  been  elected. 

Sec.  8.  He  shall  be  commander  in  chief  of  the  army  and  navy  of 
this  State,  and  of  the  militia  thereof,  except  when  they  shall  be  called  into 
the  service  of  the  United  States,  but  he  shall  not  command  personally 
in  the  field,  unless  he  shall  be  advised  so  to  do  by  a  resolution  of  the 
Generally  Assembly. 

Sec.  9.  He  shall  nominate  and  appoint,  with  the  advice  and  consent, 
of  the  Senate,  judges,  sheriffs,  and  all  other  officers  whose  offices  are 
established  by  this  Constitution,  and  whose  appointments  are  not  herein 
otherwise  provided  for;  Provided,  however,  That  the  Legislature  shall 
have  a  right  to  prescribe  the  mode  of  appointment  of  all  other  officers  to  be 
established  by  law. 

Sec.  10.  The  Governor  shall  have  power  to  fill  up  vacancies  that 
may  happen  during  the  recess  of  the  Legislature,  by  granting  commis- 
sions which  shall  expire  at  the  end  of  the  next  session. 

Sec.  11.     He  shall  have  power  to  remit  fines  and  forfeitures,  and. 


60  CONSTITUTION  OP  1812. 

except  in  cases  of  impeacliment,  to  grant  reprieves  and  pardons,  with  the 
approbation  of  the  Senate.  In  cases  of  treason  he  shall  have  power  to 
grant  reprieves  until  the  end  of  the  next  session  of  the  General  Assembly 
in  which  the  power  of  pardoning  shall  be  vested. 

Sec.  12.  He  may  require  information,  in  writing,  from  the  officers 
in  the  executive  department,  upon  any  subject  relating  to  the  duties  of 
their  respective  offices. 

Sec.  13.  He  shall,  from  time  to  time,  give  to  the  General  Assembly 
information  respecting  the  situation  of  the  State,  and  recommend  to  their 
consideration  such  measures  as  he  may  deem  expedient. 

Sec.  14.  He  may,  on  extraordinary  occasions,  convene  the  General 
Assembly  at  the  seat  of  Government,  or  at  a  diiferent  place,  if  that  should 
have  become  dangerous  from  an  enemy  or  from  contagious  disorders; 
and  in  case  of  disagreement  between  the  two  houses  with  respect  to  the 
time  of  adjournment,  he  may  adjourn  them  to  such  time  as  he  may  think 
proper,  not  exceeding  four  months. 

Sec.  15.     He  shall  take  care  that  the  laws  be  faithfully  executed. 

Sec.  16.  It  shall  be  his  duty  to  visit  the  different  counties  at  least 
once  in  every  two  years,  to  inform  himself  of  the  state  of  the  militia  and 
the  general  condition  of  the  country. 

Sec.  17.  In  case  of  the  impeachment  of  the  Governor,  his  removal 
from  office,  death,  refusal  to  qualify,  resignation,  or  absence  from  the 
State,  the  President  of  the  Senate  shall  exercise  all  the  power  and 
authority  appertaining  to  the  office  of  Governor,  until  another  be  duly 
qualified,  or  the  Governor  absent  or  impeached  shall  return  or  be  acquitted. 

Sec.  18.  The  President  of  the  Senate,  during  the  time  he  admin- 
isteres  the  Government,  shall  receive  the  same  compensation  which  the 
Governor  would  have  received  had  he  been  employed  in  the  duties  of  his 
office. 

Sec.  19.  A  Secretary  of  State  shall  be  appointed  and  commissioned 
during  that  tefm  for  which  the  Governor  shall  have  been  elected,  if  he 
shall  so  long  behave  himself  well;  he  shall  keep  a  fair  register,  and  attest 
all  official  acts  and  proceedings  of  the  Governor,  and  shall,  when  required, 
lay  the  same  and  all  papers,  minutes  and  vouchers  relative  thereto,  before 
either  house  of  the  General  Assembly,  and  shall  perform  such  other  duties 
as  may  be  enjoined  him  by  law. 

Sec.  20.  Every  bill  which  shall  have  passed  both  houses  shall  be 
presented  to  the  Governor;  if  he  approve,  he  shall  sign  it;  if  not,  he  shall 
return  it,  with  his  objections,  to  the  house  in  which  it  shall  have  origin- 
ated, who  shall  enter  the  objections  at  large  upon  their  journal,  and  pro- 
ceed to  reconsider  it;  if,  after  such  reconsideration,  two-thirds  of  all  the 
members  elected  to  that  house  shall  agree  to  pass  the  bill,  it  shall  be  sent, 
with  the  objections,  to  the  other  house,  by  which  it  shall  likewise  be  recon- 
sidered, and  if  approved  by  two-thirds  of  all  the  members  elected  to  that 
house,  it  shall  be  a  law;  but,  in  such  cases,  the  votes  of  both  houses  shall 
be  determined  by  yeas  and  nays,  and  the  names  of  the  members  voting 
for  and  against  the  bill  shall  be  entered  on  the  journal  of  each  house,  res- 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1812.  61 

pectively.  If  any  bill  shall  not  be  returned  by  the  Governor  within  ten 
days  (Sundays  excepted),  after  it  shall  have  been  presented  to  him,  it 
shall  be  a  law  in  like  manner  as  if  he  had  signed  it,  unless  the  General 
Assembly,  by  their  adjournment,  prevent  its  return,  in  which  case  it  shall 
be  a  law,  unless  sent  back  within  three  days  after  their  next  meeting. 

Sec.  21.  Eveiy  order,  resolution  or  vote,  to  which  the  concurrence  of 
both  houses  may  be  necessary,  except  on  a  question  of  adjournment,  shall 
be  presented  to  the  Governor,  and  before  it  shall  take  effect,  be  approved 
by  him  ;  or,  being  disapproved,  shall  be  repassed  by  two-thirds  of  both 
houses. 

Sec.  22.  The  free  white  men  of  this  State  shall  be  armed  and  dis- 
ciplined for  its  defense ;  but  those  who  belong  to  religious  societies  whose 
tenets  forbid  them  to  carry  arms,  shall  not  be  comi)elled  so  to  do,  but  shall 
pay  an  equivalent  for  personal  eervice. 

Sec.  23.  The  militia  of  this  State  shall  be  organized  in  such  manner 
as  may  be  hereafter  deemed  most  expedient  by  the  Legislature. 

AETICLE  IV. 

CONCERNING    THE    JUDICIARY    DEPARTMENT. 

Section  1.  The  judiciary  power  shall  be  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court 
and  inferior  courts. 

Sec.  2.  The  Supreme  Court  shall  have  appellate  jurisdiction  only, 
which  jurisdiction  shall  extend  to  all  civil  cases  when  the  mater  in  dis- 
pute shall  exceed  the  sum  of  three  hundred  dollars. 

Sec.  3.  The  Supreme  Court  shall  consist  of  no  less  than  three 
judges,  nor  more  than  five,  the  majority  of  w^hom  shall  form  a  quorum; 
each  of  said  judges  shall  receive  a  salary  of  five  thousand  dollars, 
annually.  The  Supreme  Court  shall  hold  its  sesseions  at  the  places  herein- 
after mentioned ;  and  for  that  purpose  the  State  is  hereby  divided  into  two 
districts  of  appellate  jurisdiction,  in  each  of  which  the  Supreme  Court 
shall  administer  justice  in  the  manner  hereinafter  prescribed.  The  East- 
em  District  to  consist  of  the  counties  of  Orleans,  German  Coast,  Acadia, 
Lafourche,  Iberville  and  Pointe  Coupee;  the  Western  District  to  consist 
of  the  counties  of  Attakapas,  Opelousas,  Rapides,  Concordia,  Natchito- 
ches and  Ouachita.  The  Supreme  Court  shall  hold  its  sessions  in  each 
year  for  the  Eastern  District,  in  New  Orleans,  during  the  months  of 
November,  December,  January,  February,  March,  April,  May,  June  and 
July;  and  for  the  Western  District,  at  the  Opelousas,  during  the  months 
of  August,  September  and  October,  for  five  years :  Provided,  however. 
That  every  five  years  the  Legislature  may  change  the  place  of  holding  said 
court  in  the  Western  District.  The  said  court  shall  appoint  its  own 
clerks. 

Sec.  4.  The  Legislature  is  authorized  to  establish  such  inferior 
courts  as  may  be  convenient  to  the  administration  of  justice. 

Sec.  5.  The  judges,  both  of  the  Supreme  and  inferior  courts,  shall 
.  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior ;  but  for  any  reasonable  cause 


62  CONSTITUTION  OF   1812. 

which  shall  not  be  sufficient  ground  for  impeachment,  the  Governor  shall 
remove  any  of  them,  on  the  address  of  three-fourths  of  each  house  of  the 
General  Assembly :  Provided,  however,  That  the  cause  or  causes  for  which 
such  removal  may  be  required,  shall  be  stated  at  length  in  the  address, 
and  inserted  on  the  journal  of  each  house. 

Sec.  6.  The  judges,  by  virtue  of  their  office,  shall  be  conservators 
of  the  peace  throughout  the  State;  the  style  of  all  process  shall  be"The 
State  of  Louisiana."  All  prosecutions  shall  be  carried  on  in  the  name 
and  by  the  authority  of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  and  conclude  'against 
the  peace  and  dignity  of  the  same.' 

Sec.  7.  There  shall  be  an  Attorney  General  for  the  State,  and  as 
many  other  prosecuting  attorneys  for  the  State  as  may  be  hereafter  found 
necessary.  The  said  attorneys  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Governor,  with 
the  advice  and  approbation  of  the  Senate.  Their  duties  shall  be  deter- 
mined by  law. 

Sec.  8.  All  commissions  shall  be  in  the  name  and  by  authority 
of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  and  sealed  with  the  State  seal,  and  signed  by 
the  Governor. 

Sec.  9.  The  State  Treasurer,  and  Printer  or  Printers  of  the  State 
shall  be  appointed  annually,  by  the  joint  vote  of  both  houses  of  the  General 
Assembly:  Provided,  That  during  the  recess  of  the  same,  the  Governor 
shall  have  power  to  fill  vacancies  which  may  happen  in  either  of  the  said 
offices. 

Sec.  10.  The  clerks  of  the  several  courts  shall  be  removable  for 
breach  of  good  behavior,  by  the  court  of  appeals  only,  who  shall  be  judge 
of  the  fact  as  well  as  of  the  law. 

Sec.  11.  The  existing  laws  of  this  Territory,  when  this  Constitu- 
tion goes  into  effect,  shall  continue  to  be  in  force  until  altered  or 
abolished  by  the  Legislature:  Provided,  however,  That  the  Legislature 
shall  never  adopt  any  system  or  code  of  laws,  by  a  general  reference  to  the 
said  system  or  code;  but  in  all  cases,  shall  specify  the  several  provisions 
of  the  laws  it  may  enact. 

Sec.  12.  The  judges  of  all  the  courts  within  this  State  shall,  as  often 
as  it  may  be  possible  so  to  do,  in  every  definite  judgment,  refer  to  the  par- 
ticular law,  in  virtue  of  which  such  judgment  may  have  been  rendered; 
and  in  all  cases,  adduce  the  reasons  on  which  their  judgment  is  founded. 

ARTICLE  V. 

CONCERNING   IMPEACHMENT. 

Section  1.  The  power  of  impeachment  shall  be  vested  in  the  House 
of  Representatives  alone. 

Sec.  2.  All  impeachment  shall  be  tried  by  the  Seinate.  Wlhen 
sitting  for  that  purpose  the  Senators  shal  be  upon  oath  or  affirmation, 
and  no  person  shall  be  convicted  without  the  concui'rence  of  two-thirds 
of  the  members  present. 

Sec.  3.     The  Governor  and  all  the  civil  officers  shall  be  liable  to 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1812.  63 

impeachment  for  any  misdemeanor  in  office ;  but  Judgment,  in  such  cases, 
shall  not  extend  further  than  to  the  removal  from  office  and  disqualifica- 
tion to  hold  any  office  of  honor,  trust  or  profit  under  this  State;  but  the 
parties  convicted  shall  nevertheless  be  liable  and  subject  to  indictment, 
trial  and  punishment,  according  to  law. 

ARTICLE  VI. 

GENERAL   PRO^aSIONS. 

Section  1.  Members  of  the  General  Assembly,  and  all  officers, 
executive  and  judicial,  before  they  can  enter  upon  the  execution  of  their 
respective  offices,  shall  take  the  follovping  oath  or  affirmation:  "I  (A.B.) 
do  solemnly  swear  (or  afiirm)  that  I  will  faithfully  and  impartially  dis- 
charge and  perform  all  the  duties  incumbent  on  me  as ,  accord- 
ing to  the  best  of  my  abilities  and  understanding,  agreeably  to  the  rules 
and  regulations  of  the  Constitution  and  the  laws  of  the  State,  so  help 
me   God." 

Sec.  2.  Treason  against  the  State  shall  consist  only  in  levying  war 
against  it  or  in  adhering  to  its  enemies,  giving  them  aid  and  comfort. 
No  person  shall  be  convicted  of  treason,  unless  on  the  testimony  of  two 
witnesses  to  the  same  overt  act,  or  his  own  confession  in  open  court. 

Sec.  3.  Every  person  shall  be  disqualified  from  serving  as  Governor, 
Senator  or  Representative,  for  the  term  for  which  he  shall  have  been 
elected,  who  shall  have  been  convicted  of  having  given  or  offered  any 
bribe  to  procure  his  election. 

Sec.  4.  Laws  shall  be  made  to  exclude  from  office  and  from  suffrage 
those  who  shall  thereafter  be  convicted  of  bribery,  perjuiy,  forgery  or 
other  high  crimes  or  misdemeanors ;  the  privilege  of  free  suffrage  shall  be 
supported  by  laws  regulating  elections  and  prohibiting,  under  adequate 
penalties,  all  undue  influence  thereon  from  power,  bribery,  tumult,  or 
other  improper  practices. 

Sec.  5.  No  money  shall  be  drawn  from  the  treasuiy  but  in  pursu- 
ance of  appropriations  made  by  law,  nor  shall  any  appropriation  of 
money  for  the  support  of  an  army  be  made  for  a  longer  term  than  one 
year;  and  a  regular  statement  and  account  of  the  receipts  and  expendi- 
tures of  all  public  money  shall  be  published  annually. 

Sec.  6.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  General  Assembly  to  pass  such 
laws  as  may  be  necessary  and  proper  to  decide  differences  by  arbitrators, 
to  be  appointed  by  the  parties  who  may  choose  that  summary  mode  of 
adjustment. 

Sec.  Y.  All  civil  officers  of  the  State  at  large  shall  reside  within  the 
State,  and  all  district  or  county  officers  within  their  respective  districts 
or  counties,  and  shall  keep  their  respective  offices  at  such  places  therein 
as  may  be  required  by  law. 

Sec.  8.  The  Legislature  shall  determine  the  time  of  duration  of  the 
several  public  offices  when  such  time  shall  not  have  been  fixed  by  this 
Constitution,  and  all  civil  officers  except  the  Governor  and  judges  of  the 


64  CONSTITUTION  OF  1812. 

superior  and  inferior  courts  shall  be  removable  by  an  address  of  two- 
thirds  of  the  members  of  both  houses,  except  those,  the  removal  of  whom 
has  been  otherwise  provided  for  by  this  Constitution. 

Sec.  9.  Absence  on  the  business  of  this  State  or  of  the  United 
States  shall  not  forfeit  a  residence  once  obtained  so  as  to  deprive  any  one 
of  the  right  of  suffrage,  or  of  being  elected  or  appointed  to  any  office 
under  this  State,  under  the  exceptions  contained  in  this  Constitution. 

Sec.  10.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  General  Assembly  to  regulate  by 
law  in  what  cases  and  what  deduction  from  the  salaries  of  public  officers 
sliall  be  made  for  neglect  of  duty  in  their  official  capacity. 

Sec.  11.  Returns  of  all  elections  for  the  members  of  the  General 
Assembly  shall  be  made  to  the  Secretary  of  State  for  the  time  being. 

Sec.  12.  The  Legislature  shall  point  out  the  manner  in  which  a  man 
coming  into  the  country  shall  declare  his  residence. 

Sec.  13.  In  all  elections  by  the  people,  and  also  by  the  Senate  and 
House  of  Representatives,  jointly  or  separately,  the  vote  shall  be  given 
by  ballot. 

Sec.  14.  No  member  of  Congress,  nor  person  holding  or  exercising 
any  office  of  trust  or  profit  under  the  United  States,  or  either  of  them, 
or  under  any  foreign  powers,  shall  be  eligible  as  a  member  of  the  General 
Assembly  of  this  State,  or  hold  or  exercise  any  office  of  trust  or  profit, 
under  the  same. 

Sec.  15.  All  laws  that  may  be  passed  by  the  Legislature,  and  the 
public  records  of  this  State,  and  the  judicial  and  legislative  written  pro- 
ceedings of  the  same,  shall  be  promulgated,  preserved  and  conducted  in 
the  language  in  which  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  is  written. 

Sec.  16.  The  General  Assembly  shall  direct  by  law  how  person l- 
who  are  now  or  may  hereafter  become  securities  for  public  officers  may 
be  relieved  or  discharged  on  account  of  such  securityship. 

Sec.  17.  No  power  of  suspending  the  laws  of  this  State  shall  be 
exercised  unless  by  the  Legislature  or  its  authority. 

Sec.  18.  In  all  criminal  prosecutions,  the  accused  has  the  right  of 
being  heard  by  himself  or  counsel,  of  demanding  the  nature  and  cause 
of  the  accusation  against  him,  of  meeting  the  witnesses  face  to  face, 
of  having  compulsory  process  lor  obtaining  witnesses  in  his  favor,  and 
prosecutions  by  indictment  or  information,  a  speedy  public  trial  by  an 
impartial  jury  of  the  vicinage,  nor  shall  he  be  compelled  to  give  evidence 
against  himself. 

Sec.  19.  All  pi*isoners  shall  be  bailable  by  sufficient  securities,  unless 
for  capital  offenses,  where  the  proof  is  evident  or  the  presumption  great, 
and  tho  privilege  of  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  shall  not  be  suspended, 
unless  when  in  cases  of  rebellion  or  invasion  the  public  safety  may 
require  it. 

Sec.  20.  No  ex  post  facto  law,  nor  any  law  impairing  the  obligation 
of  contracts,  shall  be  passed. 

Sec.  21.  Printing  presses  shall  be  free  to  every  person  who  under- 
takes to  examine  the  proceedings  of  the  Legislature,  or  any  other  brancli 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1812.  65 

of  the  Government,  and  no  law  shall  ever  be  made  to  restrain  the  rights 
thereof.  The  free  communications  of  thoughts  and  opinions  is  one  of  the 
invaluable  rights  of  man,  and  every  citizen  may  freely  speak,  write  and 
print  on  any  subject,  being  responsible  for  the  abuse  of  that  liberty. 

Sec.  22.     Emigration  from  the  State  shall  not  be  prohibited. 

Sec.  23.  The  citizens  of  the  town  of  New  Orleans  shall  have  the 
right  of  appointing  the  several  public  officers  necessary  for  the  admini- 
stration and  the  police  of  the  said  city,  pursuant  to  the  mode  of  election 
which  shall  be  prescribed  by  the  Legislature;  provided,  that  the  Mayor 
and  Recorder  be  ineligible  to  a  seat  in  the  General  Assembly. 

Sec.  24.  The  seat  of  Government  shall  continue  at  New  Orleans 
until  removed  by  law. 

Sec.  25.  All  laws  contrary  to  this  Constitution  shall  be  null  and 
void. 

ARTICLE  VII. 

MODE   OF   REVISING   THE  CONSTITUTION. 

Section  1.  When  experience  shall  point  out  the  necessity  of  amend- 
ing this  Constitution,  and  a  majority  of  all  the  members  elected  to  each 
house  of  the  General  Assembly  shall,  within  the  first  twenty  days  of  their 
stated  annual  session,  concur  in  passing  a  law,  specifying  the  alterations 
intended  to  be  made,  for  taking  the  sense  of  the  good  people  of  this  State, 
as  to  the  necessity  and  expediency  of  calling  a  convention,  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  several  returning  officers  at  the  next  general  election  which 
shall  be  held  for  Representatives,  after  the  passage  of  such  law,  to  open 
a  poll  for,  and  make  return  to  the  Secretary  for  the  time  being  of  the 
names  of  all  those  entitled  to  vote  for  Representatives,  who  have  voted 
for  calling  a  convention;  and,  if  thereupon  it  shall  appear  that  a  majority 
of  all  the  citizens  of  this  State  entitled  to  vote  for  Representatives,  have 
voted  for  a  convention,  the  General  Assembly  shall  direct  that  a  similar 
poll  shall  be  opened,  and  taken  for  the  next  year;  and,  if  thereupon  it 
shall  appear  that  a  majority  of  all  the  citizens  of  this  State  entitled  to 
vote  for  Representatives  have  voted  for  a  convention,  the  General 
Assembly  shall,  at  their  next  session  call  a  convention,  to  consist  of  as 
many  members  as  there  shall  be  in  the  General  Assembly,  and  no  more, 
to  be  chosen  in  the  same  manner  and  proportion,  at  the  same  places  and 
at  the  same  time  that  Representatives  are,  by  citizens  entitled  to  vote  for 
Representatives;  and  to  meet  within  three  months  after  the  said  election 
for  the  purpose  of  readopting,  amending  or  changing  this  Constitution. 
But,  if  it  shall  appear  by  the  vote  of  either  year,  as  aforesaid,  that  a 
majority  of  all  the  citizens  entitled  to  vote  for  Representatives  did  not 
vote  for  a  convention,  a  convention  shall  not  be  called. 

SCHEDULE. 

Section  1.  That  no  inconvenience  may  arise  from  the  change  of  a 
territorial  to  a  permanent  State  Government,  it  is  declared  by  the  Con- 
vention that  all  rights,  suits,  actions,  prosecutions,  claims  and  contracts, 


66  CONSTITUTION  OF  1812. 

both  as  it  respects  individuals  and  bodies  corporate,  shall  continue  as  if 
no  change  had  taken  place  in  this  Government  in  virtue  of  the  laws  now 
in  force. 

Sec.  2.  All  fines,  penalties  and  forfeitures,  due  and  owing  to  the 
Territory  of  Orleans,  shall  inure  to  the  use  of  the  State.  All  bonds 
executed  to  the  Governor  or  any  other  officer  in  his  official  capacity,  in 
the  Territory,  shall  pass  over  to  the  Governor  or  to  the  officers  of  the 
State  and  their  successors  in  office,  for  the  use  of  those  concerned,  as 
the  case  may  be. 

Sec.  3.  The  Governor,  Secretary  and  judges,  and  all  other  officers 
under  the  Territorial  Government,  shall  continue  in  the  exercise  of  the 
duties  of  their  respective  departments  until  the  said  officers  are  superceded 
under  the  authority  of  this  Constitution. 

Sec.  4.  All  laws  now  in  force  in  this  Territory,  not  inconsistent 
with  this  Constitution,  shall  continue  and  remain  in  full  effect  until 
repealed  by  the  Legislature. 

Sec.  5.  The  Governor  of  this  State  shall  make  use  of  his  private 
seal  until  a  State  seal  be  procured. 

Sec.  6.  The  oaths  of  office  herein  directed  to  be  taken  may  be 
administered  by  any  justice  of  the  peace,  until  the  Legislature  shall 
otherwise  direct. 

Sec.  7.  At  the  expiration  of  the  'time  after  which  this  Constitution 
is  to  go  into  operation,  or  immediately  after  official  information  shall 
have  been  received  that  Congress  have  approved  of  the  same,  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  Convention  shall  issue  writs  of  election  to  the  proper  officers 
in  the  different  counties,  enjoining  them  to  cause  an  election  to  be  held 
for  Governor  and  members  of  the  General  Assembly  in  each  of  their 
respective  districts.  The  election  shall  commence  on  the  fourth  Monday 
following  the  day  of  the  date  of  the  President's  proclamation,  and  shall 
take  place  on  the  same  day  throughout  the  State.  The  mode  and  dura- 
tion of  the  said  election  shall  be  determined  by  the  laws  now  in  force; 
provided,  however,  that  in  case  of  absence  or  disability  of  the  President 
of  the  Convention  to  cause  the  said  election  to  be  carried  into  effect,  the 
Secretary  of  the  Convention  shall  discharge  the  duties  hereby  imposed 
on  the  President;  and  that,  in  case  of  absence  of  the  Secretary,  a  com- 
mittee of  Messrs.  Blanque,  Brown  and  Urquart,  or  a  majority  of  them, 
shall  discharge  the  duties  herein  imposed  on  the  Secretary  of  the  Con- 
Tention;  and  the  members  of  the  General  Assembly  thus  elected  shall 
assemble  on  the  fourth  Monday  thereafter  at  the  seat  of  Government.  The 
Governor  and  members  of  the  General  Assembly,  for  this  time  only,  shall 
enter  upon  the  duties  of  their  respective  offices  immediately  after  their 
election,  and  shall  continue  in  office  in  the  manner  and  during  the  same 
period  they  would  have  done  had  they  been  elected  on  the  first  Monday 
of  July,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  twelve. 

Sec.  8.  Until  the  first  enumeration  shall  be  made,  as  directed  in  the 
•ixth  flection  of  the  second  article  of  this  Constitution,  the  county  of 
Orleans  shall  be  entitled  to  six  Eepresentatives,  to  be  elected  as  follows: 


CONSTITUTION  OP  1812. 


67 


one  by  the  First  Senatorial  District  within  the  said  county,  four  by  the 
Second  District,  and  one  by  the  Third  District;  the  County  of  German 
Coast,  to  two  Representatives ;  the  County  of  Arcadia,  to  two  Eepresenta- 
tives;  the  County  of  Iberville,  to  two  Representatives;  the  County  of 
Lafourche,  to  two  Representatives,  to  be  elected  as  follows:  one  by  the 
Parish  of  Assumption,  and  the  other  by  the  Parish  of  the  Interior;  the 
County  of  Rapides,  to  two  Representatives;  the  County  of  Natchitoches, 
to  one  Representative;  the  County  of  Concordia,  to  one  Representative; 
the  County  of  Ouachita,  to  one  Representative ;  the  County  of  Opelousas, 
to  two  Representatives;  the  County  of  Attakapas,  to  three  Representa- 
tives, to  be  elected  as  follows :  Two  by  the  Parish  of  St.  Martin,  and  the 
third  by  the  Parish  of  St.  Mary;  and  the  respective  Senatorial  Districts 
created  by  this  Constitution,  to  one  Senator  each. 

Done  in  Convention  at  New  Orleans  the  twenty-second  day  of  the  month 
of  January,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
twelve,  and  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States  of  America 
the   thirty-sixth. 

J.   POYDRAS,  President  of  the  Convention. 


J.  D.  Degoutin  Bellechasse, 

J.  Blanque, 

F.  J.  LeBreton  D'Orgenoy^ 

More.  Guichard, 

S.  Henderson^ 

Denis  Delaronde^ 

F.   LiVAUDAIS, 

B.  Marigny, 
Thomas  Urquhart, 
Jacques  Villere, 
John  Watkins, 
Samuel  Winter, 

of  the  county  of  Orleans. 
James  Brown, 
Jean-Noel  Destrehan, 
Adre.  La  Branche, 

of  the  county  of  German  Coast. 
Michel  Cantrelle, 
J.  M.  Reynaud, 
Genezi  Roussin, 

of  the  county  of  Acadia. 
Amant  Hebert, 
William  Wikoff,  Jr., 

of  the  county  of  Iberville. 
P.  Boissier, 
J.  Prud'homme, 


Willum  Goforth, 
Bela  Hubbard,  Jr., 
St.   Martin, 
H.  S.  Thibodaux, 

of  the  county  of  Lafourche. 

S.   HiRIART, 

of  the  county  of  Pointe  Coupee. 
R.  Hall, 
Thos.  F.  Oliver, 
Levi  Wells, 

of  the  county  of  Rapides. 
James  Dunlap, 
David  B.  Morgan, 

of  the  county  of  Concordia. 
Henry  Bry, 

of  the  county  of  Ouachita. 
Allan  B.  Marguder, 
D.  J.  Sutton, 
John  Thompson, 

of  the  county  of  Opelousas. 
Louis  De  Blanc, 
Henry  Johnson, 
W.  C.  Maquille, 
Chas.  Olivier, 
Alexander  Porter, 

of  the  county  of  Attakapas. 


of  the  county  of  Natchitoches. 

ELIGIIJS  FROMENTIN,  Secretary  of  the  Convention. 


Constitution  of  1845 

Adopted   May    14,    1845. 


PREAMBLE. 


We^  the  people  of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  do  ordain  and  establish 
this  Constitution. 

TITLE  I. 

DISTRIBUTION    OF    POWERS. 

Art.  1.  The  powers  of  the  Government  of  the  State  of  Louisiana 
shall  be  divided  into  three  distinct  departments,  and  each  of  them  be 
confined  to  a  separate  body  of  magistracy,  to-wit:  Those  which  are  legis- 
lative to  one;  those  which  are  executive  to  another;  and  those  which  are 
judicial  to  another. 

Art.  2.  No  one  of  these  departments,  nor  any  person  holding  office 
in  one  of  them,  shall  exercise  power  properly  belonging  to  either  of  the 
others,  except  in  the  instances  hereinafter  expressly  directed  or  per- 
mitted. 

TITLE  II. 

LEGISLATIVE  DEPARTMENT. 

Art.  3.  The  legislative  power  of  the  State  shall  be  vested  in  two 
distinct  branches,  the  one  to  be  styled  the  "House  of  Representatives," 
the  other  the  "Senate,"  and  both  the  "General  Assembly  of  the  State  of 
Louisiana." 

Art.  4.  The  members  of  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  con- 
tinue in  sei'vice  for  the  term  of  two  years  from  the  day  of  the  closing  of 
the  general  elections. 

Art.  5.  Representatives  shall  be  chosen  on  the  first  Monday  in 
November,  every  two  years;  and  the  election  shall  be  completed  in  one 
day.  The  General  Assembly  shall  meet  eveiy  second  year,  on  the  third 
Monday  in  January  next  ensuing  the  election,  unless  a  different  day  be 
appointed  by  law,  and  their  sessions  shall  be  held  at  the  seat  of  Govern- 
ment. 

Aht.  6.  No  person  shall  be  a  Representative  who  at  the  time  of  his 
election  is  not  a  free  white  male,  and  has  not  been  for  three  years  a 
citizen  of  the  United  Stales,  and  has  not  attained  the  age  of  twenty-one 
years,  and  resided  in  the  State  for  the  three  years  next  preceding  the 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1845.  69 

election,  and  the  last  year  thereof  in  the  parish  for  which  he  may  be 
chosen. 

Art.  7.  Election  for  Representatives  for  the  several  parishes  or 
Representative  Districts  shall  be  held  at  the  several  election  precincts 
established  by.  law.  The  Legislature  may  delegate  the  power  of  establishing 
election  precincts  to  the  parochial  or  municipal  authorities. 

Art.  8.  Representation  in  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  be 
equal  and  uniform,  and  shall  be  regulated  and  ascertained  by  the  number 
of  qualified  electors.  Each  parish  shall  have  at  least  one  Representative ; 
no  new  parish  shall  be  created  with  a  territoi-y  less  than  six  hundred  and 
twenty-five  sqviare  miles,  nor  with  a  number  of  electors  less  than  the  full 
number  entitling  it  to  a  Representative,  nor  when  the  creation  of  such 
new  parish  would  leave  any  other  parish  without  the  said  extent  of  terri- 
tory and  number  of  electors. 

The  first  enumeration  to  be  made  by  the  State  authorities  under  this 
Constitution  shall  be  made  in  the  year  1847;  the  second,  in  the  year 
1855,  and  the  subsequent  enumerations  shall  be  made  every  tenth  year 
thereafter  in  such  manner  as  shall  be  prescribed  by  law  for  the  purpose 
of  ascertaining  the  total  population  and  the  number  of  qualified  electors 
in  each  parish  and  election  district. 

At  the  first  regular  session  of  the  Legislature  after  the  making  of 
each  enumeration,  the  Legislature  shall  apportion  the  representation 
amongst  the  several  parishes  and  election  districts  on  the  basis  of  quali- 
fied electors,  as  aforesaid.  A  representative  number  shall  be  fixed,  and 
each  parish  and  election  district  shall  have  as  many  Representatives  as 
the  aggregate  number  of  its  electors  will  entitle  it  to,  and  an  additional 
Representative  for  any  fraction  exceeding  one-half  of  the  representative 
number.  The  number  of  Representatives  shall  not  be  more  than  one  hun- 
dred, not  less  than  seventy. 

That  part  of  the  Parish  of  Orleans  situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Mississippi  shall  be  divided  into  nine  Representative  Districts,  as  follows, 
viz.: 

First — First  District  to  extend  from  the  line  of  the  Parish  of  Jeffer- 
son to  the  middle  of  Benjamin.  Estelle  and  Thalia  streets. 

Second — Second  District  to  extend  from  the  last  mentioned  limit-^ 
to  the  middle  of  Julia  street,  until  it  strikes  the  New  Orleans  Canal ; 
thence  down  said  caual  to  the  lake. 

Third — Third  District  to  comprise  the  residue  of  the  Second  Munici- 
pality. 

FourtJir—Yonrt}!  District  to  extend  from  the  middle  of  Canal  street 
to  the  middle  of  St.  Louis  street,  until  it  reaches  the  Metairie  road; 
thence  along  said  road  to  the  IsTew  Orleans  Canal. 

Fifth — Fifth  District  to  extend  from  the  last  mentioned  limits  to  the 
middle  of  St.  Philip  street;  thence  down  said  street  until  its  intersection 
with  the  Bayou  St.  John ;  thence  along  the  middle  of  said  bayou  until 
it  intersects  the  Metairie  road;  thence  along  said  road  until  it  reaches 
St.  Louis  street. 


70  CONSTITUTION  OF  1845. 

Sixth — Sixth  District  to  comprise  the  residue  of  the  First  Munici- 
pality. 

Seventh — Seventh  District,  from  the  middle  of  Esplanade  street  to 
the  middle  of  Champs  Elysees  street. 

Eighth — Eighth  District,  from  the  middle  of  Champs  Elysees  street 
to  the  middle  of  Enghein  street  and  Lafayette  avenue. 

Ninth — Ninth  District,  from  the  middle  of  Enghein  street  and 
Lafayette  avenue  to  the  lower  limits  of  the  parish. 

Art.  9.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  choose  its  Speaker  and 
other  officers. 

Art.  10.  In  all  elections  by  the  people,  every  free  white  male,  who 
has  been  two  years  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  who  has  attained  the 
age  of  twenty-one  years,  and  resided  in  the  State  two  consecutive  years 
next  preceding  the  election,  and  the  last  year  thereof  in  the  parish  in 
which  he  offers  to  vote,  shall  have  the  right  of  voting;  provided,  that  no 
person  shall  be  deprived  of  the  right  of  voting  who,  at  the  time  of  the 
adoption  of  this  Constitution,  was  entitled  to  that  right  under  the  Con- 
stitution of  1812.  Electors  shall  in  all  cases,  except  treason,  felony, 
breach  of  surety  of  the  peace,  be  privileged  from  arrest  during  their 
attendance  at,  going  to,  or  returning  from  elections. 

Art.  11.  Absence  from  the  State  for  more  than  ninety  consecutive 
days  shall  interrupt  -the  acquisition  of  the  residence  required  in  the  pre- 
ceding section,  unless  the  person  absenting  himself  shall  be  a  house- 
keeper, or  shall  occupy  a  tenenient  for  carrying  on  business,  and  his 
dwelling  house  or  tenement  for  carrying  on  business  shall  be  actually 
occupied  during  his  absence  by  his  family  or  servants,  or  some  portion 
thereof,  or  by  some  one  employed  by  him. 

Art.  12.  No  soldier,  seaman  or  marine  in  the  army  or  navy  of  the 
United  States,  no  pauper,  no  person  under  interdiction,  nor  under  convic- 
tion of  any  crime  punishable  with  hard  labor,  shall  be  entitled  to  vote  at 
f'Uy  election  in  this  State. 

Art.  13.  No  person  shall  be  entitled  to  vote  at  any  election  held  in 
this  State,  except  in  the  parish  of  his  residence,  and  in  cities  and  towns 
divided  into  election  precincts,  in  the  election  precinct  in  which  he 
resides. 

Art.  14.  The  members  of  the  Senate  shall  be  chosen  for  the  term  of 
four  years.  The  Senate,  when  assembled,  shall  have  the  power  to  choose 
its  officers  every  two  years. 

Art.  15.  The  Legislature,  in  every  year  in  which  they  shall  appor- 
tion representation  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  shall  divide  the  State 
into  Senatorial  Districts.  No  parish  shall  be  divided  in  the  fonnation  of 
a  Senatorial  District,  the  Parish  of  Orleans  excepted.  And,  whenever  a 
new  parish  shall  be  created,  it  shall  be  attached  to  the  Senatorial  District 
from  which  most  of  its  territory  was  taken,  or  to  another  contiguous 
district,  at  the  discretion  of  the  Ivegislature;  but  shall  not  be  attached  to 
more  than  one  district.  The  number  of  Senators  shall  be  thirty-two,  and 
they  shall  be  apportioned  among  the  Senatorial  Districts  according  to 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1845.  71 

the  total  population  contained  in  the  several  districts;  provided,  that  ^^' 
parish  shall  be  entitled  to  more  than  one-eighth  of  the  whole  number  cf 
Sejiators. 

Art.  16.  In  all  apportionments  of  the  Senate,  the  population  of  the 
City  of  New  Orleans  shall  be  deducted  from  the  population  of  the  whole 
State,  and  the  remainder  of  the  population  divided  by  the  number 
twenty-eight,  and  the  result  produced  by  this  division  shall  be  the  sen- 
atorial ratio  entitling  a  Senatorial  District  to  a  Senator.  Single  or  con- 
tiguous parishes  shall  be  fomied  into  districts  having  a  population  the 
nearest  possible  to  the  number  entitling  a  district  to  a  Senator;  and,  if 
ia  the  apportionment  to  be  made  a  parish  or  district  fall  short  of  or 
exceed  the  ratio  one-fifth,  then  a  district  may  be  formed  having  not  more 
than  two  Senators,  but  not  otherwise.  No  new  apportionment  shall  have 
the  effect  of  abridging  the  term  of  service  of  any  Senator  already  elected 
at  the  time  of  making  the  apportionment.  After  an  enumeration  has 
been  made  as  directed  in  the  (eighth)  article,  the  Legislature  shall  not 
pass  any  law  until  an  apportionment  of  representation  in  both  houses  of 
the  General  Assembly  be  made. 

Art.  lY.  At  the  first  session  of  the  General  Assembly  after  this 
Constitution  takes  effect,  the  Senators  shall  be  equally  divided  by  lot  into 
two  classes;  the  seats  of  the  Senators  of  the  first  class  shall  be  vacated 
at  the  expiration  of  the  second  year;  of  the  second  class,  at  the  expira- 
tion of  the  fourth  year;  so  that  one-half  shall  be  chosen  every  two  years 
and  a  rotation  thereby  kept  up  periDetually.  In  case  any  district  shall 
have  elected  two  or  more  Senators,  said  Senators  shall  vacate  their  seats 
respectively  at  the  end  of  two  and  four  years,  and  lots  shall  be  drawn 
betwen  them. 

Art.  18.  No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  who,  at  the  time  of  his  elec- 
tion, has  not  been  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  ten  years,  and  who  has 
not  attained  the  age  of  twenty-scA'en  years,  and  resided  in  the  State  four 
years  next  preceding  his  election,  and  the  last  year  thereof  in  the  district 
in  which  he  may  be  chosen. 

Art.  19.  The  first  election  for  Senators  shall  be  general  throughout 
the  State,  and  at  the  same  time  that  the  general  election  for  Kepresenta- 
tives  is  held ;  and  thereafter  there  shall  be  biennial  elections  to  fill  the 
places  of  those  whose  time  of  service  may  have  expired. 

Art.  20.  Not  less  than  a  majority  of  the  members  of  each  house  of 
tlie  General  Assembly  shall  form  a  quorum  to  do  business;  but  a  smaller 
number  may  adjourn  from  day  to  day,  and  shall  be  authorized  by  law  to 
compel  the  attendance  of  absent  members. 

Art.  21.  Each  house  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  judge  of  the 
qualification,  election  and  returns  of  its  members;  but  a  contested  election 
shall  be  determined  in  such  manner  as  shall  be  directed  by  law. 

Art.  22.  Each  house  of  the  General  Assembly  may  determine  the 
rules  of  its  proceedings,  punish  a  member  for  disorderly  behavior,  and 
\\Tth  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds  expel  a  member,  but  not  a  second  time 
for  the  same  offense. 


72  CONSTITUTION  OF  1845. 

Art.  23.  Each  house  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  keep  and  pub- 
lish weekly  a  journal  of  its  proceedings,  and  the  yeas  and  nays  of  its 
members  on  any  question  shall,  at  the  desire  of  any  two  of  them,  be 
entered  on  the  journal. 

Art.  24.  Each  house  may  punish  by  imprisonment  any  person  not 
a  member,  for  disrespectful  and  disorderly  behavior  in  its  presence,  or  for 
obstructing  any  of  its  proceedings.  Such  imprisonment  shall  not  exceed 
ten  days  for  any  one  offense. 

Art.  25.  Neither  house,  during  the  session  of  the  General  Assembly, 
shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  other,  adjourn  for  more  than  three  days, 
nor  to  any  other  place  than  that  in  which  they  may  be  sitting. 

Art.  26.  The  members  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  receive  from 
the  public  treasury  a  compensation  for  their  services,  which  shall  be  four 
dollars  per  day  during  their  attendance,  going  to  and  returning  from  the 
session  of  their  respective  houses.  The  compensation  may  be  increased 
or  diminished  by  law;  but  no  alteration  shall  take  effect  during  the  period 
of  service  of  the  members  of  the  House  of  Eepresentatives  by  whom  such 
alteration  shall  have  been  made.  No  session  shall  extend  to  a  period 
beyond  sixty  days,  to  date  from  its  commencement,  and  any  legislative 
action  had  after  the  expiration  of  the  said  sixty  days  shall  be  null  and 
void.  This  provision  shall  not  apply  to  the  first  Legislature  which  is  to 
convene  after  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution. 

Art.  27.  The  members  of  the  General  Assembly  shall,  in  all  cases 
except  treason,  felony,  breach  of  surety  of  the  peace,  be  privileged  from 
arrest  during  their  attendance  at  the  sessions  of  their  respective  houses, 
and  going  to  or  returning  from  the  same ;  and  for  any  speech  or  debate  in 
either  house  they  shall  not  be  questioned  in  any  other  place. 

Art.  28.  No  Senator  or  Representative  shall,  during  the  term  for 
which  he  was  elected,  nor  for  one  year  thereafter,  be  appointed  or  elected 
to  any  civil  office  of  profit  under  this  State  which  shall  have  been  created 
or  the  emoluments  of  which  shall  have  been  increased  during  the  time  such 
Senator  or  Representative  was  in  office,  except  to  such  offices  or  appoint- 
ments as  may  be  filled  by  the  elections  of  the  people. 

Art.  29.  No  person,  while  he  continues  to  exercise  the  functions  of 
a  clergyman,  priest  or  teacher  of  any  religious  persuasion,  society  or  sect, 
shall  be  eligible  to  the  General  Assembly. 

Art.  30.  No  person  who  at  any  time  may  have  been  a  collector  of 
taxes,  or  who  may  have  been  otherwise  intrusted  with  public  money,  shall 
be  eligible  to  the  General  Assembly  or  to  any  office  of  profit  or  trust  under 
the  State  Government  until  he  shall  have  obtained  a  discharge  for  the 
amount  of  such  collections,  and  for  all  public  moneys  with  which  he  may 
have  been  intrusted. 

Art.  31.  No  bill  shall  have  the  force  of  a  law  until  on  three  several 
days,  it  be  read  over  in  each  house  of  the  General  Assembly,  and  free  dis- 
cussion allowed  thereon;  unless  in  case  of  urgency,  four-fifths  of  the  house 
where  the  bill  shall  be  pending,  may  deem  it  expedient  to  dispense  with 
this  rule. 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1845.  73 

Art.  32.  All  bills  for  raising  revenue  shall  originate  in  tlie  House 
of  Representatives,  but  the  Senate  may  propose  amendments,  as  in  other 
bills;  provided,  they  shall  not  introduce  any  new  matter  imder  the  color 
of  an  amendment  which  does  not  relate  to  raising  revenue. 

Art.  33.  The  General  Assembly  shall  regulate  by  law,  by  whom  and 
in  what  manner  writs  of  election  shall  be  issued  to  fill  vacancies  which 
may  happen  in  either  branch  thereof. 

Art.  34.  A  majority  of  the  members  elected  to  the  Senate  shall  be 
required  for  the  confirmation  or  rejection  of  officers  to  be  appointed  by 
the  Governor,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate;  and  the  Senate 
in  deciding  thereon,  shall  vote  by  yeas  and  nays,  and  the  names  of  the 
Senators  voting  for  and  against  the  appointments,  respectively,  shall  be 
entered  on  a  journal  to  be  kept  for  that  purpose,  and  made  public  at  the 
end  of  each  session,  or  before. 

Art.  35.  Returns  of  all  elections  for  members  of  the  General 
Assembly  shall  be  made  to  the  Secretary  of  State. 

Art.  36.  A  Treasurer  of  the  State  shall  be  elected  biennially  by 
joint  ballot  of  the  two  houses  of  the  General  Assembly.  The  Governor 
shall  have  power  to  fill  any  vacancy  that  may  happen  in  that  office  during 
the  recess  of  the  Legislature. 

Art.  37.  In  the  year  in  which  a  regular  election  of  a  Senator  of  the 
United  States  is  to  take  place,  the  members  of  the  General  Assembly 
shall  meet  in  the  Hall  of  the  House  of  Representatives  on  the  Monday 
following  the  meeting  of  the  Legislature,  and  proceed  to  the  said  election. 

TITLE  in. 

EXECUTIVE    DEPARTMENT. 

Art.  38.  The  supreme  executive  power  of  the  State  shall  be  vested 
in  a  chief  magistrate,  who  shall  be  styled  the  Governor  of  the  State  of 
Louisiana.  He  shall  hold  office  during  the  term  of  four  years;  and, 
together  with  the  Lieutenant  Governor,  chosen  for  the  same  term,  be 
elected  as  follows:  The  qualified  electors  for  Representatives  shall  vote 
for  a  Governor  and  Lieutenant  Governor  at  the  time  and  place  of  voting 
for  Representatives;  the  returns  of  every  election  shall  be  sealed  up  and 
transmitted  by  the  proper  returning  officer  to  the  Secretary  of  State,  who 
shall  deliver  them  to  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives  on  the 
second  day  of  the  session  of  the  General  Assembly  then  next  to  be  holden. 
The  members  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  meet  in  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives to  examine  and  count  the  votes.  The  person  having  the 
greatest  number  of  votes  for  Governor  shall  be  declared  duly  elected; 
but  if  two  or  more  persons  shall  be  equal,  and  the  highest  in  the  number 
of  votes  polled  for  Governor,  one  of  them  shall  immediately  be  chosen 
Governor,  by  joint  vote  of  the  members  of  the  General  Assembly.  The 
person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  for  Lieutenant  Governor  shall 
be  Lieutenant  Governor;  but,  if  two  or  more  persons  shall  be  equal,  and 
highest  in  the  number  of  votes  polled  for  Lieutenant  Governor,  one  of 


74  CONSTITUTION  Oi"  1845. 

them  shall  be  immediately  chosen  Lieutenant  Governor  by  joint  vote  of 
the  members  of  the  General  Assembly. 

Art.  39.  No  person  shall  be  eligible  to  the  office  of  Governor  or 
Lieutenant  Governor  who  shall  not  have  attained  the  age  of  thirty-five 
years,  been  fifteen  years  a  citizen  of  the  L^nited  States,  and  a  resident 
within  the  State  for  the  same  space  of  time  next  preceding  his  election. 

Art.  40.  The  Governor  shall  enter  on  the  discharge  of  his  duties 
on  the  fourth  Monday  of  Januaiy  next  ensuing  his  election,  and  shall 
continue  in  office  until  the  Monday  next  succeeding  the  day  that  his  suc- 
cessor shall  have  been  declared  duly  elected,  and  shall  have  taken  the  oath 
or  affirmation  prescribed  by  this  Constitution. 

.^RT.  41.  The  Governor  shall  be  ineligible  for  the  succeeding  four 
years  after  the  expiration  of  the  time  for  which  he  shall  have  been  elected. 

Art.  42.  No  member  of  Congress  or  person  holding  any  office  under 
the  United  States,  or  minister  of  any  religious  society,  shall  be  eligible 
to  the  office  of  Governor  or  Lieutenant  Governor. 

Art.  43.  In  case  of  the  impeachment  of  the  Governor,  his  removal 
from  office,  death,  refusal  or  inability  to  qualify,  resignation  or  absence 
from  the  State,  the  powers  and  duties  of  the  office  shall  devolve  upon  the 
Lieutenant  Governor  for  the  residue  of  the  term,  or  until  the  Governor, 
absent  or  impeached,  shall  return  or  be  acquitted.  The  Legislature  may 
provide  by  law  for  the  case  of  removal,  impeachment,  death,  resignation, 
disability  or  refusal  to  qualify  of  both  the  Governor  and  Lieutenant  Gov- 
ernor, declaring  what  officer  shall  act  as. Governor;  and  such  officer  shall 
act  accordingly,  until  the  disability  be  removed,  or  for  the  residue  of  the 
term. 

Art.  44.  The  Lieutenant  Governor  or  other  officer  discharging  the 
duties  of  Governor,  shall,  during  his  administration,  receive  the  same  com- 
pensation to  which  the  Governor  would  have  been  entitled  had  he  con- 
tinued in  office. 

Art.  45.  The  Lieutenant  Governor  shall,  by  virtue  of  his  office,  be 
President  of  the  Senate,  but  shall  have  only  a  casting  vote  therein.  When- 
ever he  shall  administer  the  Government,  or  shall  be  unable  to  attend  as 
President  of  the  Senate,  the  Senators  shall  elect  one  of  their  own  members 
as  President  of  the  Senate  for  the  time  being. 

Art.  46.  While  he  acts  as  President  of  the  Senate,  the  Lieutenant 
Governor  shall  receive  for  his  services  the  same  compensation  which  shall 
for  the  same  period  be  allowed  to  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives, and  no  more. 

Art.  47.  The  Governor  shall  have  power  to  grant  reprieves  for  all 
offenses  against  the  State,  and,  except  in  cases  of  impeachment,  shall, 
with  the  consent  of  the  Senate,  have  power  to  grant  pardons  and  remit 
fines  and  forfeitures,  after  conviction.  In  cases  of  treason  he  may  grant 
reprieves  until  the  end  of  the  next  session  of  the  General  Assembly,  in 
which  the  power  of  pardoning  shall  be  vested. 

Art.  48.     The  Governor  shall,  at  stated  times,  receive  for  his  services 


CONSTITUTION  OF   1845.  75 

a  compensation  which  shall  neither  be  increased  nor  diminished  during 
the  term  for  which  he  shall  have  been  elected. 

Art.  49.  He  shall  be  commander  in  chief  of  the  army  and  navy  of 
this  State  and  of  the  militia  thereof,  except  when  they  shall  be  called  into 
the  service  of  the  United  States. 

Art.  50.  He  shall  nominate,  and  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent 
of  the  Senate,  appoint  all  officers  whose  offices  are  established  by  this  Con- 
stitution and  whose  appointment  is  not  therein  otherwise  provided  for; 
provided,  however,  that  the  Legislature  shall  have  a  right  to  prescribe  the 
mode  of  appointment  to  all  other  offices  established  by  law. 

Art.  61.  The  Governor  shall  have  power  to  fill  vacancies  that  may 
happen  during  the  recess  of  the  Senate,  by  granting  commissions  which 
shall  expire  at  the  end  of  the  next  session,  unless  otherwise  provided  for 
by  this  Constitution ;  but  no  person  who  has  been  nominated  for  office  and 
rejected  by  the  Senate  shall  be  appointed  to  the  same  office  during  the 
recess  of  the  Senate. 

Art.  52.  He  may  require  information  in  writing  from  the  officers  of 
the  Executive  department  upon  any  subject  relating  to  the  duties  of  their 
respective  offices. 

Art.  53.  He  shall,  from  time  to  time,  give  to  the  General  Assembly 
information  respecting  the  situation  of  the  State,  and  recommend  to  their 
consideration  such  measures  as  he  may  deem  expedient. 

Art.  54.  He  may,  on  extraordinary  occasions,  convene  the  General 
Assembly  at  the  seat  of  Government,  or  at  a  different  place,  if  that  should 
have  become  dangerous  from  an  enemy  or  from  epidemic ;  and  in  case  of 
disagreement  between  the  two  houses  as  to  the  time  of  adjournment,  he 
may  adjourn  them  to  such  time  as  he  may  think  proper,  not  exceeding 
four  months. 

Art.  55.     He  shall  take  care  that  the  laws  be  faithfully  executed. 

Art.  56.  Every  bill  which  shall  have  passed  both  houses  shall  b° 
presented  to  the  Governor;  if  he  approve,  he  shall  sign  it;  if  not,  he  shall 
return  it,  with  his  objections,  to  the  house  in  which  it  originated,  which 
shall  enter  the  objections  at  large  upon  its  journal,  and  proceed  to  recon- 
sider it;  if,  after  such  consideration,  two-thirds  of  all  the  members 
elected  to  that  house  shall  agree  to  pass  the  bill,  it  shall  be  sent,  with  the 
objections,  to  the  other  house,  by  which  it  shall  likewise  be  reconsidered, 
and,  if  approved  by  two-thirds  of  all  the  members  elected  to  that  house, 
it  shall  be  a  law ;  but  in  such  cases  the  vote  of  both  houses  shall  be  deter- 
mined by  yeas  and  nays,  and  the  names  of  the  members  voting  for  and 
against  the  bill  shall  be  entered  on  the  journal  of  each  house  respectively. 
If  any  bill  shall  not  be  returned  by  the  Governor  within  ten  days  (Sun- 
days excepted)  after  it  shall  have  been  presented  to  him,  it  shall  be  a  law 
in  like  manner  as  if  he  had  signed  it,  unless  the  General  Assembly,  by 
adjournment,  prevent  its  return,  in  which  case  it  shall  be  a  law,  unless 
sent  back  within  three  days  after  their  next  meeting. 

Art.  57.  Every  order,  resolution,  or  vote,  to  which  the  concurrence 
of  both  houses  may  be  necessary,  except  on  a  question  of  adjournment. 


76  CONSTITUTION  OP  1845. 

shall  be  presented  to  the  Governor,  and  before  it  shall  take  effect,  be 
approved  by  him;  or  being  disapproved,  shall  be  repassed  by  two-thirds 
of  the  members  elected  to  each  house  of  the  General  Assembly. 

Art.  58.  There  shall  be  a  Secretary  of  State  who  shall  hold  his  office 
during  the  time  for  which  the  Governor  shall  have  been  elected.  The 
records  of  the  State  shall  be  kept  and  preserved  in  the  office  of  the  Sec- 
retary; he  shall  keep  a  fair  register  of  the  official  acts  and  proceedings 
of  the  Governor,  and  when  necessary  shall  attest  them.  He  shall,  when 
required,  lay  the  said  register,  and  all  papers,  minutes  and  vouchers  rela- 
tive to  his  office,  before  either  house  of  the  General  Assembly,  and  shall 
perform  such  other  duties  as  may  be  enjoined  on  him  by  law. 

Art.  59.  All  commissions  shall  be  in  the  name  and  by  the  authority 
of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  and  shall  be  sealed  with  the  State  seal  and 
signed  by  the  Governor. 

Art.  60.  The  free  white  men  of  the  State  shall  be  armed  and  disci- 
plined for  its  defense;  but  those  who  belong  to  religious  societies  whose 
tenets  forbid  them  to  carry  arms  shall  not  be  compelled  so  to  do,  but  shall 
pay  an  equivalent  for  personal  services. 

Art.  61.  The  militia  of  the  State  shall  be  organized  in  such  manner 
as  may  be  hereafter  deemed  most  expedient  by  the  Legislature. 

TITLE  IV. 

JUDICIARY   DEPARTMENT. 

Art.  62.  The  judicial  power  shall  be  vested  in  a  supreme  court,  in 
district  courts,  and  in  justices  of  the  peace. 

Art.  63.  The  Supreme  Court,  except  in  cases  hereinafter  provided, 
shall  have  appellate  jurisdiction  only;  which  jurisdiction  shall  extend  to 
all  cases  when  the  matter  in  dispute  shall  exceed  three  hundred  dollars; 
and  to  all  cases  in  which  the  constitutionality  or  legality  of  any  tax,  toll 
or  impost  of  any  kind  or  nature  soever,  shall  be  in  contestation,  whatever 
may  be  the  amount  thereof;  and  likewise  to  all  fines,  forfeitures,  and 
penalties  imposed  by  municipal  corporations,  and  in  criminal  cases  on 
questions  of  law  alone,  whenever  the  punishment  of  death  or  hard  labor 
may  be  inflicted,  or  when  a  fine  exceeding  three  hundred  dollars  is  actu- 
ally imposed. 

Art.  64.  The  Supreme  Court  shall  be  composed  of  one  Chief  Justice 
and  of  three  associate  justices,  a  majority  of  whom  shall  constitute  a 
quorum.  The  Chief  Justice  shall  receive  a  salary  of  six  thousand  dollars, 
and  each  of  the  associate  justices  a  salary  of  five  thousand  five  hundred 
dollars  annually.  The  court  shall  appoint  its  own  clerks.  The  judges 
shall  be  appointed  for  a  term  of  eight  years. 

Art.  65.  When  the  first  appointments  are  made  under  this  Consti- 
tution, the  Chief  Justice  shall  be  appointed  for  eight  years,  one  of  the 
associate  judges  for  six  years,  one  for  four  years  and  one  for  two  years; 
and,  in  the  event  of  death,  resignation  or  removal  of  any  of  said  judges 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1845.  77 

before  the  expiration  of  the  period  for  which  he  was  appointed,  his  suc- 
cessor shall  be  appointed  only  for  the  remainder  of  this  term,  so  that  the 
term  of  service  of  no  two  of  said  judges  shall  expire  at  the  same  time. 

Art.  66.  The  Supreme  Court  shall  hold  its  sessions  in  New  Orleans 
from  the  first  Monday  of  the  month  of  November,  to  the  end  of  the 
month  of  June  inclusive.  The  Legislature  shall  have  power  to  fix  the 
sessions  elsewhere  during  the  rest  of  the  year;  until  otherwise  provided, 
the  sessions  shall  be  held  as  heretofore. 

Art.  67.  The  Supreme  Court,  and  each  of  the  judges  thereof,  shall 
have  power  to  issue  writs  of  habeas  corpus,  at  the  instance  of  all  persons 
in  actual  custody  under  process  in  all  cases  in  which  they  may  have 
appellate  jurisdiction. 

Art.  68.  In  all  cases  in  which  the  judges  shall  be  equally  divided 
in  opinion,  the  judgment  appealed  from  shall  stand  affirmed;  in  which 
case  each  of  the  judges  shall  give  his  separate  opinion  in  writing. 

Art.  69.  All  judges  by  virtue  of  their  office  shall  be  conservators  of 
the  peace  throughout  the  State.  The  style  of  all  process  shall  be  "The 
State  of  Louisiana."  All  prosecutions  shall  be  carried  on  in  the  name, 
and  by  the  authority  of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  and  conclude  against 
the  peace  and  dignity  of  the  same. 

Art.  70.  The  judges  of  ail  courts  within  the  State  shall,  as  often 
as  it  may  be  possible  so  to  do,  in  every  definite  judgment,  refer  to  the 
particular  law  in  virtue  of  which  such  judgment  may  be  rendered,  and 
in  all  cases  adduce  the  reasons  on  which  their  judgment  is  founded. 

Art.  71.  No  court  or  judge  shall  make  any  allowance  by  way  of  fee 
or  compensation  in  any  suit  or  proceedings  except  for  the  payment  of 
such  fees  to  ministerial  officers  as  may  be  established  by  law. 

Art.  72.  No  duties  or  functions  shall  ever  be  attached  by  law  to 
the  Supreme  or  District  Courts,  or  to  the  several  judges  thereof,  but 
such  as  are  judicial;  and  the  said  judges  are  prohibited  from  receiving 
any  fees  of  office  or  other  compensation  than  their  salaries  for  any  civil 
duties  performed  by  them. 

Art.  73.  The  judges  of  all  courts  shall  be  liable  to  impeachment; 
but  for  any  reasonable  cause,  which  shall  not  be  sufficient  ground  for 
impeachment,  the  Governor  shall  remove  any  of  them,  on  the  address 
of  three-fourths  of  the  members  present  of  each  house  of  the  General 
Assembly.  In  every  such  case,  the  cause  or  causes  for  which  such 
removal  may  be  required  shall  be  stated  at  length  in  the  address,  and 
inserted  in  the  journal  of  each  house. 

Art.  74.  There  shall  be  an  Attorney  General  for  the  State,  and  as 
many  district  attorneys  as  may  be  hereafter  found  necessary.  They 
shall  hold  their  office  for  two  years;  their  duties  shall  be  determined  by 
law. 

Art.  75.  The  first  Legislature  assembled  under  this  Constitution 
shall  divide  the  State  into  judicial  districts,  which  shall  remain  unchanged 


78  CONSTITUTION  OF  1845. 

for  six  years,  and  be  subject  to  reorganization  every  sixth  year  there- 
after. The  number  of  districts  shall  not  be  less  than  twelve,  nor  more 
than  twenty.  For  each  district,  one  judge,  learned  in  the  law,  shall  be 
appointed,  except  in  the  districts  in  which  the  Cities  of  New  Orleans  and 
Lafayette  are  situated,  in  which  the  Legislature  may  establish  as  many 
District  Courts  as  the  public  interest  may  require. 

Art.  76.  Each  of  the  said  judges  shall  receive  a  salary  to  be  fixed 
by  law,  which  shall  not  be  increased  or  diminished  during  his  term  of 
office,  and  shall  never  be  less  than  two  thousand  five  hundred  dollars 
annually.  Lie  must  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  over  the  age  of 
thirty  years,  and  have  resided  in  the  State  six  years  next  preceding  his 
appointment,  and  have  practiced  law  therein  for  the  space  of  five  years. 

Art.  77.  The  judges  of  the  Districts  Courts  shall  hold  their  offices 
for  the  term  of  six  years.  The  judges  first  appointed  shall  be  divided 
by  lot  into  three  classes,  as  nearly  equal  as  can  be,  and  the  term  of  office 
of  the  judges  of  the  first  class  shall  expire  at  the  end  of  two  years,  of  the 
second  class  at  the  end  of  four  years,  and  of  the  third  class  at  the  end  of 
six  years. 

Art.  78.  The  District  Courts  shall  have  original  jurisdiction  in  all 
civil  cases,  when  the  amount  in  dispute  exceeds  fifty  dollars,  exclusive 
of  interest.  In  all  criminal  cases,  and  in  all  matters  connected  with 
successions,  their  jurisdiction  shall  be  unlimited. 

Art.  79.  The  Legislature  shall  have  power  to  vest  in  clerks  of 
courts  authority  to  grant  such  orders,  and  do  such  acts  as  may  be  deemed 
necessary  for  the  furtherance  of  the  administration  of  justice,  and  in 
all  cases  the  powers  thus  granted  shall  be  specified  and  determined. 

Art.  80.  The  clerks  of  the  several  courts  shall  be  removable  for 
breach  of  good  behavior  by  the  judges  thereof,  subject  in  all  cases  to  an 
appeal  to  the  Supreme  Court. 

Art.  81.  The  jurisdiction  of  justices  of  the  peace  shall  never  exceed, 
in  civil  cases,  the  sum  of  one  hundred  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest,  subject 
to  appeal  to  the  District  Court  in  such  cases  as  shall  be  provided  for  by 
law.  They  shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  voters  of  each  parish,  for 
the  term  of  two  years  and  shall  have  such  criminal  jurisdiction  as  shall 
be  provided  for  by  law. 

Art.  82.  Clerks  of  the  District  Courts  in  this  State  shall  be  elected 
by  the  qualified  electors  in  each  parish,  for  the  term  of  four  years,  and 
should  a  vacancy  occur  subsequent  to  an  election,  it  shall  be  filled  by  the 
judge'  of  the  court  in  which  such  vacancy  exists,  and  the  person  so 
appointed  shall  hold  his  office  until  the  next  general  election. 

Art.  83.  A  sheriff  and  a  coroner  shall  be  elected  in  each  parish,  by 
the  qualified  voters  thereof,  who  shall  hold  their  offices  for  the  term  of 
two  years,  unless  sooner  removed.  Should  a  vacancy  occur  in  either  of 
these  offices  subsequent  to  an  election,  it  shall  be  filled  by  the  Governor; 
and  the  person  so  appointed  shall  continue  in  office  until  his  successor 
shall  be  elected  and  qualified. 


CONSTITUTION  OP  1845.  79 

TITLE   V. 

IMPEACHMENT. 

Art.  84.  The  power  of  impeachment  shall  be  vested  in  the  House 
of  Representatives. 

Art.  85.  Impeachments  of  the  Governor,  Lieutenant  Governor, 
Attorney  General,  Secretary  of  State,  State  Treasurer,  and  of  the  judges 
of  the  District  Courts,  shall  be  tried  by  the  Senate ;  the  Chief  Justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court,  or  the  senior  judge  thereof,  shall  preside  during  the 
trial  of  such  impeachment.  Impeachments  of  the  judges  of  the  Supreme 
Court  shall  be  tried  by  the  Senate.  When  sitting  as  a  Court  of  Impeach- 
ment, the  Senators  shall  be  upon  oath  or  affirmation,  and  no  person  shall 
be  convicted  without  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds  of  the  Senators  present. 

Art.  86.  Judgments  in  cases  of  impeachment  shall  extend  only  to 
removal  from  office  and  disqualification  from  holding  any  office  of  honor, 
trust  or  profit  under  this  State,  but  the  parties  convicted  shall,  neverthe- 
less, be  subject  to  indictment,  trial  and  punishment  according  to  law. 

Art.  87.  All  officers  against  whom  articles  of  impeachment  may  be 
preferred,  shall  be  suspended  from  the  exercise  of  their  functions  during 
the  pendency  of  such  impeachment.  The  appointing  power  may  make  a 
provisional  appointment  to  replace  any  suspended  officer  until  the  deci- 
sion on  the  impeachment. 

Art,  88.  The  Legislature  shall  provide  by  law  for  the  trial,  punish- 
ment and  removal  from  office,  of  all  other  officers  of  the  State,  by  indict- 
ment or  otherwise. 

TITLE  VI. 

GENERAL   PROVISIONS. 

Art.  89.  Members  of  the  General  Assembly,  and  all  officers,  before 
they  enter  upon  the  duties  of  their  offices  shall  take  the  following  oath 
or  affirmation:  "I  (A.  B.),  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm),  that  I  will 
faithfully  and  impartially  discharge  and  perform  all  duties  incumbent  on 

me  as  ,   according  to  the  best  of  my  abilities  and  understanding, 

agreeably  to  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  the  United  States,  and  of  this 
State;  and  I  do,  further,  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that,  since  the  adop- 
tion of  the  present  Constitution,  I,  being  a  citizen  of  this  State,  have 
not  fought  a  duel  with  deadly  weapons  within  this  State,  nor  out  of  it, 
with  a  citizen  of  this  State,  nor  have  I  sent  or  accepted  a  challenge  to 
fight  a  duel  with  deadly  weapons  with  a  citizen  of  this  State,  nor  have  I 
acted  as  second  in  carrying  a  challenge,  or  aided,  advised,  or  assisted 
any  person  thus  offending,  so  help  me  God." 

Art.  90.  Treason  against  the  State  shall  consist  only  in  levying  war 
against  it,  or  in  adherino-  to  its  enemies,  giving  them  aid  and  comfort, 
^o  person  shall  be  convicted  of  treason,  unless  on  the  testimony  of  two 
witnesses  to  the  same  overt  act,  or  his  own  confession  in  open  court. 

Art.  91.     Every  person  shall  be  disqualified  from  holding  any  office 


o 


80  CONSTITUTION  OP  1845. 

of  trust  or  prolit  in  tliis  JState,  who  shall  have  been  convicted  of  having 
given,  or  ottered,  a  bribe  to  procure  his  election  or  appointment. 

Art.  92.  Laws  shall  be  made  to  exclude  from  office  and  from  the 
right  of  suifrage,  those  who  shall  hereafter  be  convicted  of  bribery,  per- 
jury, forgery,  or  other  high  crimes  or  misdemeanors.  The  privilege  of 
free  suffrage  shall  be  supported  by  laws  regulating  elections,  and  pro 
Mbiting  under  adequate  penalties  all  undue  influence  thereon,  from  power, 
bribery,  tumult  or  other  improper  practice. 

Art.  93.  No  money  shall  be  drawn  from  the  Treasury  but  in  pur- 
suance of  specific  appropriations  made  by  law,  nor  shall  any  appropria- 
tion of  money  be  made  for  a  longer  term  than  two  years.  A  regular 
statement  and  account  of  the  receipts  and  expenditures  of  all  public 
moneys  shall  be  published  annually,  in  such  manner  as  shall  be  prescribed 
by  law. 

Art.  94.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  General  Assembly  to  pass 
such  laws  as  may  be  necessary  and  proper  to  decide  differences  by  arbi- 
tration. 

Art.  95.  All  civil  officers  for  the  State  at  large  shall  reside  within 
the  State,  and  all  district  or  parish  officers  within  their  districts  or  par- 
ishes, and  shall  keep  their  offices  at  such  places  therein  as  may  be  required 
by  law.  And  no  person  shall  be  elected  or  appointed  to  any  parish  office 
who  shall  not  have  resided  in  such  parish  long  enough  before  such  elec- 
tion, or  appointment,  to  have  acquired  the  right  of  voting  in  such  parish; 
and  no  person  shall  be  elected  or  appointed  to  any  district  office,  who 
shall  not  have  resided  in  such  district,  or  an  adjoining  district,  long 
enough  before  such  appointment,  or  election,  to  have  acquired  the  right 
of  voting  for  the  same. 

Art.  96.  The  duration  of  all  offices  not  fixed  by  this  Constitution 
shall  never  exceed  four  years. 

Art.  97.  All  civil  officers,  except  the  Governor  and  judges  of  the 
Supreme  and  District  Courts,  shall  be  removable  by  an  address  of  a 
majority  of  the  members  of  both  houses,  except  those  the  removal  of 
whom  has  been  otherwise  provided  for  by  this  Constitution. 

Art.  98.  Absence  on  the  business  of  this  State  or  of  the  United 
States,  shall  not  forfeit  a  residence  once  obtained,  so  as  to  deprive  any 
one  of  the  right  of  suffrage,  or  of  being  elected  or  appointed  to  any  office 
under  the  exceptions  contained  in  this  Constitution. 

Art.  99.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Legislature  to  provide  by  law 
for  deductions  from  the  salaries  of  public  officers  who  may  be  guilty  of 
a  neglect  of  duty. 

Art.  100.  The  Legislature  shall  point  out  the  manner  in  which  a 
person  coming  into  the  State  shall  declare  liis  residence. 

Art.  101.  In  all  elections  by  the  people,  the  vote  shall  be  by  ballot, 
and  in  all  elections  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  jointly 
or  separately,  the  vote  shall  be  given  viva  voce. 

Art.  102.  No  member  of  Congress,  nor  person  holding  or  exercising 
any  office  of  trust  or  profit  under  the  United  States,  or  either  of  them. 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1845.  81 

or  under  any  foreign  power,  shall  be  eligible  as  a  member  of  the  General 
Assembly,  or  hold  or  exercise  any  office  of  trust  or  profit  under  the  State. 

Art.  103.  The  laws,  public  records,  and  the  judicial  and  legislative 
written  proceedings  of  the  State,  shall  be  promulgated,  preserved  and  con- 
ducted in  the  language  in  which  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States 
is  written. 

Art.  104.  The  Secretary  of  the  Senate,  and  Clerk  of  the  House  of 
Representatives,  shall  be  conversant  with  the  French  and  English  lan- 
guages ;  and  members  may  address  either  house  in  the  French  or  English 
language. 

Art.  105.  The  General  Assembly  shall  direct  by  law  how  persons 
who  are  now  or  may  hereafter  become  sureties  for  public  officers  may  be 
discharged  from  such  suretyship. 

Art.  106.  No  power  of  suspending  the  laws  of  the  State  shall  be 
exercised,  unless  by  the  Legislature  or  its  authority. 

Art.  107.  Prosecutions  shall  be  by  indictment,  or  information. 
The  accused  shall  have  a  speedy  public  trial  by  an  impartial  jury  of  the 
vicinage;  he  shall  not  be  compelled  to  give  evidence  against  himself;  he 
shall  have  the  right  of  being  heard  by  himself  or  counsel ;  he  shall  have 
the  right,  unless  he  shall  have  fied  from  justice,  of  meeting  the  witnesses 
face  to  face,  and  shall  have  compulsory  process  for  obtaining  witnesses 
in  his  favor. 

Art.  108.  All  prisoners  shall  be  bailable  by  sufficient  sureties,  unless 
for  capital  offenses,  where  the  proof  is  evident  or  presumption  great ;  and 
the  privilege  of  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  shall  not  be  suspended,  unless 
when,  in  case  of  rebellion  or  invasion,  the  public  safety  may  require  it. 

Art.  109.  No  ex  post  facto  law,  nor  any  law  impairing  the  obliga- 
tion of  contracts,  shall  be  passed;  nor  vested  rights  be  divested,  unless 
for  purposes  of  public  utility,  and  for  adequate  compensation  previously 
made. 

Art.  110.  The  press  shall  be  free.  Every  citizen  may  freely  speak, 
write  or  publish  his  sentiments  on  all  subjects;  being  responsible  for  an 
abuse  of  this  liberty. 

Art.  111.     Emigration  from  the  State  shall  not  be  prohibited. 

Art.  112.  The  General  Assemblv,  which  shall  meet  after  the  first 
election  of  Representatives  under  this  Constitution,  shall,  within  the  first 
month  after  the  commencement  of  the  session,  designate  and  fix  the  seat 
of  Government,  at  some  place  not  less  than  sixty  miles  from  the  City  of 
New  Orleans,  by  the  nearest  traveling  route;  and  if  on  the  Mississippi, 
by  the  meanders  of  the  same ;  and  when  so  fixed,  it  shall  not  be  removed 
without  the  consent  of  four-fifths  of  the  members  of  both  houses  of  the 
General  Assembly.  The  sessions  shall  be  held  in  New  Orleans  until  the 
end  of  the  year  1848. 

Art.  113.  The  Legislature  shall  not  pledge  the  faith  of  the  State 
for  the  payment  of  any  bonds,  bills,  or  other  contracts  or  obligations,  for 
the  benefit  or  use  of  any  person  or  persons,  corporations  or  body  politic 
whatever.    But  the  State  shall  have  the  right  to  issue  new  bonds  in  pay- 


82  CONSTITUTION  OF  1845. 

ment  of  its  outstanding  obligations  or  liabilities,  whether  due  or  not ;  the 
said  new  bonds,  however,  are  not  to  be  issued  for  a  larger  amount,  or 
at  a  higher  rate  of  interest,  than  the  original  obligations  they  are  intended 
to  replace. 

Art.  114.  The  aggregate  amount  of  debts  hereafter  contracted  by 
the  Legislature  shall  never  exceed  the  siim  of  one  hundred  thousand  dol- 
lars, except  in  case  of  war,  to  repel  invasions  or  suppress  insurrections, 
unless  the  same  be  authorized  by  some  law,  for  some  single  object  or 
work,  to  be  distinctly  specified  therein ;  which  law  shall  provide  ways  and 
means,  by  taxation,  for  the  payment  of  running  interest  during  the  whole 
time  for  which  said  debt  shall  be  contracted,  and  for  the  full  and  punct- 
ual discharge  at  maturity  of  the  capital  borrowed;  and  said  law  shall  be 
irrepealable  until  principal  and  interest  are  fully  paid  and  discharged, 
and  shall  not  be  put  into  execution  until  after  its  enactment  by  the  first 
Legislature  returned  by  a  general  election  after  its  passage. 

Art.  115.  The  Legislature  shall  provide  by  law  for  a  change  of 
venue  in  civil  and  criminal  cases. 

Art.  116.  No  lottery  shall  be  authorized  by  this  State,  and  the  buy- 
ing and  selling  of  lottery  tickets  within  the  State  is  prohibited. 

Art.  117.     No  divorce  shall  be  granted  by  the  Legislature. 

Art.  118.  Every  law  enacted  by  the  Legislature  shall  embrace  but 
one  object,  and  that  shall  be  expressed  in  the  title. 

Art.  119.  No  law  shall  be  revised  or  amended  by  reference  to  its 
title;  but  in  such  case,  the  act  revised,  or  section  amended,  shall  be  re-en- 
acted and  published  at  length. 

Art.  120.  The  Legislature  shall  never  adopt  any  system  or  code  of 
laws  by  general  reference  to  such  system  or  code  of  laws,  but  in  all  cases 
shall  specify  the  several  provisions  of  the  laws  it  may  enact. 

Art.  121.  The  State  shall  not  become  subscriber  to  the  stock  of 
any  corporation  or  joint  stock  company. 

Art.  122.  No  corporate  body  shall  be  hereafter  created,  renewed 
or  extended,  with  banking  or  discounting  privileges. 

Art.  123.  Corporations  shall  not  be  created  in  this  State  by  special 
laws,  except  for  political  or  municipal  purposes ;  but  the  Legislature  shall 
provide,  by  general  laws,  for  the  organization  of  all  other  corporations, 
except  corporations  with  banking  or  discounting  privileges,  the  creation 
of  which  is  prohibited. 

Art.  124.  From  and  after  the  month  of  January,  1S90,  the  Legis- 
lature shall  have  the  power  to  revoke  the  charters  of  all  corporations 
^\liose  charters  shall  not  have  expired  previous  to  that  time,  and  no  cor- 
porations hereafter  to  be  created  shall  ever  endure  for  a  longer  term  than 
twtnty-five  years,  except  those  which  are  political  or  municipal. 

Art.  125.  The  General  Assembly  shall  never  grant  any  exclusive 
privilege  or  monopoly,  for  a  longer  period  than  twenty  years. 

Art.  12fi.  No  person  shall  hold  or  exercise,  at  the  same  time,  more 
than  one  civil  office  of  emolument,  except  that  of  jiistice  of  the  peace. 

Art.  127.     Taxation    shall   be   equal    and    uniform   throughout   the 


CONSTITUTION  OP  1845.  83 

State.  After  the  year  1848  all  property,  on  which  taxes  may  be  levied, 
in  this  State,  shall  be  taxed  in  proportion  to  its  value,  to  be  ascertained 
as  directed  by  law.  No  one  species  of  property  shall  be  taxed  higher  than 
another  species  of  property  of  equal  value,  on  which  taxes  shall  be  levied ; 
the  Legislature  shall  have  the  power  to  levy  an  income  tax,  and  to  tax 
all  persons  pursuing  any  occupation,  trade  or  profession. 

Art.  128.  The  citizens  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans  shall  have  the 
right  of  appointing  the  several  public  officers  necessary  for  the  administra- 
tion of  the  police  of  the  said  city,  pursuant  to  the  mode  of  elections  which 
shall  be  prescribed  by  the  Legislature;  Provided,  That  the  mayor  and 
recorders  shall  be  ineligible  to  a  seat  in  the  General  Assembly;  and  the 
mayor,  recorders  and  aldermen  shall  be  commissioned  by  the  Governor 
as  justices  of  the  peace,  and  the  Legislature  may  vest  in  them  such  crim- 
inal jurisdiction  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  punishment  of  minor  crimes 
and  offenses,  and  as  the  police  and  good  order  of  said  city  may  require. 

Art.  129.  The  Legislature  may  provide  by  law  in  what  cases  officers 
shall  continue  to  perform  the  duties  of  their  offices  until  their  successors 
shall  have  been  inducted  into  office. 

Art.  130.  Any  citizen  of  this  State  who  shall,  after  the  adoption  of 
this  Constitution,  fight  a  duel  with  deadly  weapons,  with  a  citizen  of  this 
State,  or  send  or  accept  a  challenge  to  fight  a  duel  with  deadly  weapons, 
either  within  the  State  or  out  of  it,  with  a  citizen  of  this  State,  or  who 
shall  act  as  second,  or  knowingly  aid  or  assist  in  any  manner  those  thus 
offending,  shall  be  deprived  of  holding  any  office  of  trust  of  profit,  and 
of  enjoying  the  right  of  suffrage  under  this  Constitution. 

Art.  131.  The  Legislature  shall  have  the  power  to  extend  this  Con- 
stitution and  the  jurisdiction  of  this  State  over  any  territory  acquired 
by  compact  with  any  State,  or  with  the  United  States,  the  same  being  done 
by  the  consent  of  the  United  States. 

Art.  132.  The  Constitution  and  laws  of  this  State  shall  be  pro- 
mulgated in  the  French  and  English  languages. 

TITLE   Vn. 

PUBLIC  EDUCATION. 

Art.  133.  There  shall  be  appointed  a  Superintendent  of  Public 
Education,  who  shall  hold  his  office  for  two  years.  His  duties  shall  be 
prescribed  by  law.  He  shall  receive  such  compensation  as  the  Legislature 
may  direct. 

Art.  134.  The  Legislature  shall  establish  free  public  schools  through- 
out the  State,  and  shall  provide  means  for  their  support  by  taxation  on 
property  or  otherwise. 

Art.  135.  The  proceeds  of  all  lands  heretofore  granted  by  the 
United  States  to  this  State  for  the  use  or  support  of  schools,  and  of  all 
lands  which  may  hereafter  be  granted  or  bequeathed  to  the  State,  and 
not  expressly  granted  or  bequeathed  for  any  other  purpose,  which  here- 
after may  be  disposed  of  by  the  State,  and  the  proceeds  of  the  estates  of 


84  CONSTITUTION  OF  1845. 

deceased  persons  to  which  the  State  may  become  entitled  by  law,  shall  be 
held  by  the  State  as  a  loan,  and  shall  be  and  remain  a  perpetual  fund, 
on  which  the  State  shall  pay  an  annual  interest  of  six  per  cent.,  with 
interest,  together  with  all  the  rents  of  the  unsold  lands,  shall  be  appro- 
priated to  the  support  of  such  schools,  and  this  appropriation  shall  remain 
inviolable. 

Art.  136.  All  moneys  arising  from  the  sales  which  have  been  or 
may  hereafter  be  made  of  any  lands  heretofore  granted  by  the  United 
States  to  this  State,  for  the  use  of  a  seminary  of  learning,  and  from  any 
kind  of  donation  that  jnay  hereafter  be  made  for  that  purpose,  shall  be 
and  remain  a  perpetual  fund,  the  interest  of  which,  at  six  per  cent,  per 
annum,  shall  be  appropriated  to  the  support  of  a  seminary  of  learning 
for  the  promotion  of  literature,  and  the  arts  and  sciences,  and  no  law 
shall  ever  be  made  diverting  said  fund  to  any  other  use  than  to  the  estab- 
lis]:'m(nt  and  improvement  of  said  seminary  of  learning. 

x\rt.  137.  A  university  shall  be  established  in  the  City  of  Ne-w 
Orleans.  It  shall  be  composed  of  four  faculties,  to-wit:  one  of  law,  one 
of  medicine,  one  of  the  natural  sciences,  and  one  of  letters. 

Art.  138.  It  shall  be  called  the  "University  of  Louisiana,"  and  the 
Medical  College  of  Louisiana,  as  at  present  organized,  shall  constitute 
tha  faculty  of  medicine. 

Art.  139.  The  Legislatiu-e  shall  provide  by  law  for  its  further 
organization  and  government;  but  shall  be  under  no  obligation  to  con- 
tribute to  the  establishment  or  support  of  said  university  by  appropri- 
ations. 

TITLE  Vm. 

MODE   OP   REVISING  THE   CONSTITUTION. 

Art.  140.  Any  amendment  or  amendments  to  this  Constitution 
maj'  be  proposed  in  the  Senate  or  House  of  Representatives,  and  if  the 
same  shall  be  agreed  to  by  three-fifths  of  the  members  elected  to  each 
house,  and  approved  by  the  Governor,  such  proposed  amendment  or 
amendments  shall  be  entered  on  their  journals,  with  the  yeas  and  nays 
taken  thereon,  and  the  Secretaiy  of  the  State  shall  cause  the  same  to 
be  published,  three  months  before  the  next  general  election,  in  at  least 
one  newspaper,  in  Erench  and  English,  in  every  parish  in  the  State  in 
which  a  newspaper  shall  be  published;  and  if,  in  the  Legislature  next 
afterwards  chosen,  such  proposed  amendment  or  amendments  shall  be 
agreed  to  by  a  majority  of  the  members  elected  to  each  house,  the  Secre- 
tary of  State  shall  cause  the  same  again  to  be  published  in  the  manner 
aforesaid,  at  least  three  months  previous  to  the  next  general  election  for 
Representatives  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  such  proposed  amendment 
or  amendments  shall  be  submitted  to  the  people  at  said  election;  and  if 
a  majority  of  the  qualified  electors  shall  approve  and  ratify  such  amend- 
ment or  amendments,  the  same  shall  become  a  part  of  the  Constitution. 
If  more  than  one  amendment  be  submitted  at  a  time,  they  shall  be  sub- 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1845. 


85 


raitted   in   such  a  manner  and   form  that  the  people  may  vote   for  or 
Kgainst  each  amendment  separately. 

TITLE  IX. 

SCHEDULE. 

Art.  141.  The  Constitution  adopted  in  1812,  is  declared  to  be  super- 
seded by  this  Constitution,  and  in  order  to  carry  the  same  into  effect  it 
is  hereby  declared  and  ordained  as  follows : 

Art.  142.  All  rights,  actions,  prosecutions,  claims  and  contracts  as 
well  of  individuals  as  of  bodies  corporate,  and  all  laws  in  force  at  the 
time  of  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution,  and  not  inconsistent  therewith, 
shall  continue  as  if  the  same  had  not  been  adopted. 

Art.  143.  Until  the  first  enumeration  shall  be  made  as  directed  in 
article  eighth  of  this  Constitution,  the  Parish  of  Orleans  shall  have 
twenty  Representatives,  to  be  elected  as  follows,  viz: 

Eight  b5'  the  First  Municipality,  seven  by  the  Second  Municipality, 
and  four  by  the  Third  Municipality,  to  be  distributed  among  the  nine 
Representative  Districts  as  follows,  allotting  to  the 


First  District 2 

Second   District 3 

Third  District 3 

Fourth  District 3 

Fifth  District 3 

Sixth  District 2 

Seventh  District ' 2 

Eighth  District 1 

Ninth  District 1 

And  to  that  part  of  the  parish  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Missis- 
sippi      1 

The  parish  of  Plaquemines ....   3 

The  parish  of  St.  Bernard 1 

The  parish  of  Jefferson 3 

The  parish  of  St.  Charles 1 

The  parish  of  St.  John  the  Baptist  1 

The  parish  of  St.  James 2 

The  parish  of  Ascension 2 

The  parish  of  Assumption 3 

The  parish  of  Lafourche  Interior  3 

The  parish  of  Terrebonne 2 

The  parish  of  Iberville 2 

The  parish  of  West  Baton  Rouge  1 
The  parish  of  East  Baton  Rouge .  3 
The  parish  of  West  Feliciana.  . .  2 
The  parish  of  East  Feliciana ....  3 

The  parish  of  St.  Helena 1 

The  parish  of  Washington 1 

Total 


The  parish  of  Livingston 1 

The  parish  of  St.  Tammany 1 

The  parish  of  Pointe  Coupee.  ...  1 

The  parish  of  Concordia 1 

The  parish  of  Tensas 1 

The  parish  of  Madison 1 

The  parish  of  Carroll 1 

The  parish  of  Franklin 1 

The  parish  of  St.  Mary 2 

The  parish  of  St.  Martin 3 

The  parish  of  Vermilion 1 

The  parish  of  Lafayette 3 

The  parish  of  St.  Landry 5 

The  parish  of  Calcasieu 1 

The  parish  of  Avoyelles 2 

The  parish  of  Rapides 3 

The  parish  of  Natchitoches 3 

The  parish  of  Sabine 2 

The  parish  of  Caddo I 

The  parish  of  DeSoto 1 

The  parish  of  Ouachita 1 

The  parish  of  Morehouse 1 

The  parish  of  Union 1 

The  parish  of  Jackson 1 

The  parish  of  Caldwell 1 

The  parish  of  Catahoula 2 

The  parish  of  Claiborne 2 

The  parish  of  Bossier 1 


98 


•86  CONSTITUTION  OF  1845. 

And  the  State  shall  be  divided  into  the  following  Senatorial  Dia- 
tricts: 

All  that  portion  of  the  Parish  of  Orleans  lying  on  the  east  side  of  the 
Mississippi  river,  shall  compose  one  Senatorial  District,  and  shall  elect 
tour  b'enatcrs. 

The  Parishes  of  Plaquemines,  St.  Bernard,  and  that  portion  of  the 
Parish  of  Orleans  on  the  right  bank  of  the  river,  shall  compose  one  dis- 
trict, with  one  Senator. 

The  Parish  of  Jeli'erson  shall  compose  one  district,  with  one  Sen- 
ator. 

The  Parishes  of  St.  Charles  and  St.  John  the  Baptist  shall  compose 
one  district,  with  one  Senator. 

The  Parish  of  St.  James  shall  compose  one  district,  with  one  Sen- 
ator. 

The  Parish  of  Ascension  shall  compose  one  district,  with  one  Sen- 
ator. 

The  Parishes  of  Assumption,  Lafourche  Interior  and  Terrebonne 
shall  compose  one  district,  with  two  Senators. 

The  Parishes  of  Iberville  and  West  Baton  Rouge  shall  compose  one 
district,  with  one  Senator. 

The  Parish  of  East  Baton  Eouge  shall  compose  one  district,  with 
one  Senator. 

The  Parish  of  Pointe  Coupee  shall  compose  one  district,  with  one 
Senator. 

The  Parish  of  Avoyelles  shall  compose  one  district,  with  one  Sen- 
ator. 

The  Parish  of  St.  Mary  shall  compose  one  district,  with  one  Sen- 
ator. 

The  Parish  of  St.  Martin  shall  compose  one  district,  with  one  Sen- 
ator. 

The  Parishes  of  Lafayette  and  Vermilion  shall  compose  one  district, 
with  one  Senator. 

The  Parishes  of  St.  Landry  and  Calcasieu  shall  compose  one  district, 
with  two  Senators. 

The  Parish  of  West  Feliciana  shall  compose  one  district,  with  one 
Senator. 

The  Parish  of  East  Feliciana  shall  compose  one  district,  with  one 
Senator. 

The  Parishes  of  St.  Helena  and  Livingston  shall  compose  one  dis- 
trict, with  one  Senator. 

The  Parishes  of  Washington  and  St.  Tammany  shall  compose  one 
district,  with  one  Senator. 

The  Parishes  of  Concordia  and  Tensas  shall  compose  one  district, 
with  one  Senator. 

The  Parishes  of  Carroll  and  Madison  shall  compose  one  district,  with 
one  Senator. 

The  Parishes  of  Jackson,  Union,  Morehouse  and  Ouachita  shall 
compose  one  district,  with  one  Senator. 


CONSTITUTION  OP  1845.  87 

The  Parishes  of  Caldwell,  Franklin  and  Catahoula  shall  compose 
one  district,  with  one  Senator. 

The  Parish  of  Rapides  shall  compose  one  district,  with  one  Senator. 

The  Parishes  of  Bossier  and  Claiborne  shall  compose  one  district, 
with  one  Senator. 

The  Parish  of  Natchitoches  shall  compose  one  district,  with  one 
Senator. 

The  Parishes  of  Sabine,  DeSoto  and  Caddo  shall  compose  one  district, 
with  one  Senator. 

Art.  144.  In  order  that  no  inconvenience  may  result  to  the  public 
service  from  the  taking  effect  of  this  Constitution,  no  office  shall  be 
superseded  thereby,  but  the  laws  of  the  State  relative  to  the  duties  of  the 
several  officers,  executive,  judicial  and  military,  shall  remain  in  full  force, 
though  the  same  be  contrary  to  this  Constitution,  and  the  several  duties 
shall  be  performed  by  the  respective  officers  of  the  State,  according  to 
the  existing  laws,  until  the  organization  of  the  Government,  under  this 
Constitution,  and  the  entering  into  office  of  the  new  officers,  to  be 
appointed  under  said  Government,  and  no  longer. 

Art.  145.  Appointments  to  office  by  the  executive  under  this  Con- 
stitution shall  be  made  by  the  Governor  to  be  elected  under  its  authority. 

Art.  146.  The  provisions  of  article  twenty-eight,  concerning  the 
inability  of  members  of  the  Legislature  to  hold  certain  offices  therein 
mentioned,  shall  not  be  held  to  apply  to  the  members  of  the  first  Legisla- 
ture elected  under  this  Constitution. 

Art.  147.  The  time  of  seiwice  of  all  officers  chosen  by  the  people, 
at  the  first  election  under  this  Constitution,  shall  terminate  as  though 
the  election  had  been  holden  on  the  first  [Monday  of  November,  1845,  and 
they  had  entered  on  the  discharge  of  their  duties  at  the  time  designated 
therein. 

Art.  148.  The  Legislature  shall  provide  for  the  removal  of  all 
causes  now  pending  in  the  Supreme  or  other  courts  of  the  State  under  the 
Constitution  of  1812,  to  courts  created  by  this  Constitution. 

Art.  149.  Appeals  to  the  Supreme  Court  from  the  Parishes  of 
Jackson,  Union,  Morehouse,  Catahoula,  Caldwell,  Ouachita,  Franklin, 
Carroll,  Madison,  Tensas  and  Concordia,  shall,  until  othei-wise  provided 
for,  be  returnable  to  New  Orleans. 

TITLE  X. 

ORDINANCE. 

Art.  150.  Immediately  after  the  adjournment  of  the  Convention, 
the  Governor  shall  issue  his  proclamation,  directing  the  several  officers 
of  this  State  authorized  by  law  to  hold  elections  for  members  of  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly,  to  open  and  hold  a  poll  in  every  parish  of  the  State,  at 
the  places  designated  by  law,  upon  the  First  Monday  of  November  next, 
for  the  purpose  of  taking  the  sense  of  the  good  people  of  this  State  in 
regard  to  the  adoption  or  rejection  of  this  Constitution;  and  it  shall  be 
the  duty  of  said  officers  to  receive  the  votes  of  all  persons  entitled  to  vote 


c8  CONSTITUTION  OF  1845. 

under  the  old  Constitution  and  under  this  Constitution.  Each  voter 
shall  express  his  opinion  by  depositing  in  the  ballot  box  a  ticket  whereon 
shall  be  written  "The  Constitution  accepted,"  or  "The  Constitution 
rejected,''  or  some  such  words  as  will  distinctly  convey  the  intention  of 
the  voter.  At  the  conclusion  of  the  said  elecion,  which  shall  be  con- 
ducted in  every  respect  as  the  general  State  election  is  now  conducted, 
the  parish  judges  and  commissioners  designated  to  preside  over  the  same 
shall  carefully  examine  and  count  each  ballot  so  deposited,  and  shall 
forthwith  make  due  returns  thereof  to  the  Secretary  of  State,  in  con- 
formity to  the  provisions  of  the  existing  law  upon  the  subject  of  elec- 
tions. 

Art.  151.  Upon  the  receipt  of  the  said  returns,  or  on  the  first  Mon- 
day of  December,  if  the  returns  be  not  sooner  received,  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  Governor,  the  Secretary  of  State,  the  Attorney  General  and 
State  Treasurer,  in  the  presence  of  all  such  persons  as  may  choose  to 
attend,  to  compare  the  votes  given  at  the  said  poll  for  the  ratification  and 
rejection  of  this  Constitution;  and  if  it  shall  appear  from  said  returns 
that  a  majority  of  all  th&  votes  given  are  for  ratifying  this  Constitution, 
then  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Governor  to  make  proclamation  of  that 
fact,  and  thenceforth  this  Constitution  shall  be  ordained  and  established 
as  the  Constitution  of  the  State  of  Louisiana.  But  whether  this  Con- 
stitution be  accepted  or  rejected,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Governor  to 
cause  to  be  published  in  the  State  paper  the  result  of  the  polls,  showing 
the  number  of  votes  cast  in  each  parish  for  and  against  the  said  Consti- 
tution. 

Art.  152.  Should  this  Constitution  be  accepted  by  the  people,  it 
shall  also  be  the  duty  of  the  Governor  forthwith  to  issue  his  proclama- 
tion, declaring  the  present  Legislature,  elected  under  the  old  Constitu- 
tion, to  be  dissolved,  and  directing  the  several  officers  of  the  State  author- 
ized by  law  to  hold  elections  for  members  of  the  General  Assembly,  to 
hold  an  election,  at  the  places  designated  by  law,  upon  the  third  Monday 
in  January  next  (1846),  for  Governor,  Lieutenant  Governor,  members 
of  the  General  Assembly,  and  all  other  officers  whose  election  is  provided 
for  pursuant  to  the  provisions  of  this  Constitution.  And  the  said  elec- 
tion shall  be  conducted,  and  the  returns  thereof  made,  in  conformity  with 
existing  laws  upon  the  subject  of  State  elections. 

Art.  153.  The  General  Assembly  elected  under  this  Constitution 
shall  convene  at  the  State  House,  in  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  upon  the 
second  l\rnnday  of  February  next  (1846),  after  the  elections;  and  the 
Governor  and  Lieutenant  Governor  elected  at  the  same  time,  shall  be  duly 
installed  in  office  during  the  first  week  of  their  session,  and  before  it  shall 
be  competent  for  the  said  General  Assembly  to  proceed  with  the  trans- 
action of  businesss. 

Adopted  May  14,  1845.  JOSEPH  WALKEE, 

President  of  the  Convention. 
Attest:  HOEATTO  DAVIS. 

Secretary  of  the  Convention. 


Constitution  of  1852, 

Adopaed  at  Baton  Rouge,  July  31,  1852. 


PEEAMBLE. 


We,  the  People  of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  do  ordain  and  establish  this 
Constitution. 

TITLE  I. 

DISTRIBUTION  OF  POWERS. 

Art,  1.  The  powers  of  the  Government  of  the  State  of  Louisiana 
shall  be  divided  into  three  distinct  departments,  and  each  of  them  be 
confided  to  a  separate  body  of  magistracy,  to-wit:  those  which  are  legis- 
lative to  one;  those  which  are  executive  to  another,  and  those  which  are 
judicial  to  another. 

Art.  2.  No  one  of  these  departments,  nor  any  person  holding  office 
in  one  of  them,  shall  exercise  power  properly  belonging  to  either  of  the 
others,  except  in  the  instances  hereinafter  expressly  directed  or  permitted. 

TITLE  11. 

LEGISLATIVE     DEPARTMENT. 

Art.  3.  The  legislative  power  of  the  State  will  be  vested  in  two 
distinct  branches,  the  one  to  be  styled  the  "House  of  Eepresentatives,"' 
the  other  "The  Senate,"  and  both,  the  "General  Assembly  of  the  State  of 
Louisiana." 

Art.  4.  The  members  of  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  con- 
tinue in  service  for  the  term  of  two  years  from  the  day  of  the  closing  of 
the  general  elections. 

Art.  5.  Representatives  shall  be  chosen  on  the  first  Monday  in 
November,  every  two  years;  and  the  election  shall  be  completed  in  one 
day.  The  General  Assembly  shall  meet  annually,  on  the  third  Monday 
in  January,  unless  a  different  day  be  appointed  by  law,  and  their  sessions 
shall  be  held  at  the  seat  of  Government. 

Art.  6.  Every  duly  qualified  elector  under  this  Constitution  shall 
be  eligible  to  a  seat  in  the  General  Assembly;  Provided,  That  no  person 
shall  be  a  Representative  or  Senator,  unless  he  be  at  the  time  of  his  elec- 
tion a  duly  qualified  voter  of  the  Representative  or  Senatorial  District 
from  whch  he  is  elected. 

Art.  Y.  Elections  for  members  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  be 
held  at  the  several  election  precincts  established  by  law.  The  Legislature 
may  delegate  the  power  of  establishing  election  precincts  to  the  parochial 
or  municipal  authorities. 


90  CONSTITUTION  OF   1852. 

Art.  8.  Representation  in  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  be 
equal  and  uniform,  and  shall  be  regulated  and  ascertained  by  the  local 
population  of  each  of  the  several  parishes  of  the  State.  Each  parish  shall 
have  at  least  one  Representative.  No  new  parish  shall  be  created  with  a 
territory  less  than  six  hundred  and  twenty-five  square  miles,  nor  with  a 
population  less  than  the  full  number  entitling  it  to  a  Representative,  nor 
when  the  creation  *f  such  new  parish  would  leave  any  other  parish  with- 
out the  said  extent  of  territory  and  amount  of  population. 

The  first  enumeration  by  tlie  State  authorities  under  this  Constitu- 
tion shall  be  made  in  the  year  1853,  the  second  in  the  year  1858,  the  third 
in  the  year  18G5 ;  after  which  time  the  General  Assembly  shall  direct  in 
what  manner  the  census  shall  be  taken,  so  that  it  be  made  at  least  once 
in  every  period  of  ten  years,  for  the  pui-pose  of  ascertaining  the  total 
population  in  each  parish  and  election  district. 

At  the  first  regular  session  of  the  Legislatvire  after  the  making  of  each 
enumeration,  the  Legislature  shall  apportion  the  representation  among 
the  several  parishes  and  election  districts  on  the  basis  of  the  total  popu- 
lation as  aforesaid.  A  representative  number  shall  be  fixed,  and 
each  parish  and  election  district  shall  have  as  many  Representatives  as 
its  aggregate  population  shall  entitle  it  to,  and  an  additonal  Representa- 
tive for  any  fraction  exceeding  one-half  the  representative  number.  The 
number  of  representatives  shall  not  be  more  than  one  hundred  nor  less 
than  seventy. 

Until  an  apportionment  shall  be  made,  and  elections  held  under  the 
same,  in  accordance  with  the  first  enumeration  to  be  made  as  directed  in 
this  article,  the  representation  in  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representa- 
tives shall  be  and  remain  as  at  present  established  by  law. 

The  limits  of  the  Parish  of  Orleans  are  hereby  extended,  so  as  to 
embrace  the  whole  of  the  present  City  of  New  Orleans,  including  that  part 
of  the  Parish  of  Jefferson,  formerly  kno^vn  as  the  City  of  Lafayette. 

All  that  part  of  the  Parish  of  Orleans  which  is  situated  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Mississippi  river,  shall  be  divided  by  the  Legislature  into  not 
more  than  ten  Representative  Districts,  and  until  a  new  apportionment 
shall  be  made  according  to  the  first  census  to  be  taken  under  this  Con- 
stitution, that  part  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans  which  was  comprised 
within  the  former  limits  of  the  City  of  Lafayette,  shall  vote  for  Senator? 
from  the  Parish  of  Orleans,  and  from  the  Tenth  Representative  District, 
and  shall  elect  two  out  of  the  three  Representatives  now  apportioned  by 
law  to  the  Parish  of  Jefferson;  the  other  Representative  Districts  shall 
remain  as  they  are  now  established. 

Art.  9.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  choose  its  Speaker  and 
other  officers. 

Art.  10.  Every  free  white  male  who  has  attained  the  age  of  twenty- 
one  years,  and  who  has  been  a  resident  of  the  State  twelve  months  next 
preceding  the  election,  and  the  last  six  months  thereof  in  the  parish  in 
which  he  offers  to  vote,  and  who  shall  he  a  citizen  of  the  United  States, 
shall  have  the  right  of  voting,  but  no  voter,  on  removing  from  one  parish 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1852.  91 

to  another,  within  the  State,  shall  lose  the  right  of  voting  in  the.  former 
until  he  shall  have  acquired  it  in  the  latter.  Electors  shall  in  all  cases, 
except  treason,  felony  or  breach  of  the  peace,  be  privileged  from  arrest, 
during  their  attendance  at,  going  to,  or  returning  from  elections. 

Art.  11.  The  Legislature  shall  provide  by  law,  that  the  names  and 
residence  of  all  qualified  electors  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans  shall  be 
registered,  in  order  to  entitle  them  to  vote;  but  the  registry  shall  be  free 
of  cost  to  the  elector. 

Art.  12.  No  soldier,  seaman  or  marine  in  the  army  or  navy  of  the 
United  States,  no  pauper,  no  person  under  interdiction,  nor  under  con- 
viction of  any  crime  punishable  with  hard  labor,  shall  be  entitled  to  vote 
at  any  election  in  this  State. 

Art.  13.  No  person  shall  be  entitled  to  vote  at  ah  election  held  in 
this  State,  except  in  the  parish  of  his  residence,  and  in  cities  and  towns 
divided  into  election  precincts,  in  the  election  precinct  in  which  he 
resides. 

Art.  14.  The  members  of  the  Senate  shall  be  chosen  for  the  term 
of  four  years.  The  Senate  when  assembled,  shall  have  the  power  to 
choose  its  officers. 

Art.  15.  The  Legislature,  in  every  year  in  which  they  shall  appor- 
tion representation  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  shall  divide  thi"; 
State  into  Senatorial  Districts.  No  parish  shall  be  divided  in  the  forma- 
tion of  a  Senatorial  District — the  Parish  of  Orleans  excepted.  And 
whenever  a  new  parish  shall  be  created,  it  shall  be  attached  to  the  Sena- 
torial District  from  which  most  of  its  territory  was  taken,  or  to  another 
continuous  district,  at  the  discretion  of  the  Legislature;  but  shall  not  be 
attached  to  more  than  one  district.  The  number  of  Senators  shaD  be 
thirty-two,  and  they  shall  be  apportioned  among  the  Senatorial  Districts 
according  to  the  total  population  contained  in  the  several  districts;  Pro- 
vided, that  no  parish  shall  be  entitled  to  more  than  five  Senators. 

Art.  16.  In  all  apportionments  of  the  Senate,  the  population  of 
the  City  of  New  Orleans  shall  be  deducted  from  the  population  of  the 
whole  State,  and  the  remainder  of  the  population  divided  by  the  number 
twenty-seven,  and  the  result  produced  by  this  division  shall  be  the  Sena- 
atorial  ratio  entitling  a  Senatorial  District  to  a  Senator.  Single  or 
contiguous  parishes  shall  be  formed  into  districts,  having  a  population 
the  nearest  possible  to  the  niunber  entitling  a  district  to  a  Senator;  and 
if,  in  the  apportionment  to  be  made,  a  parish  or  district  fall  short  of  or 
exceed  the  ratio  one-fifth,  then  a  district  may  be  formed  having  not  more 
than  two  Senators,  but  not  otherwise.  No  new  apportionment  shall  hava 
the  effect  of  abridging  the  term  of  service  of  any  Senator  already  elected 
at  the  time  of  making  the  apportionment.  After  an  enumeration  has  been 
made  as  directed  in  the  eighth  article,  the  Legislature  shall  not  pass  any 
law  until  an  apportionment  of  representation  in  both  houses  of  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  be  made. 

Art.  17.  At  the  first  session  of  the  General  Assembly  after  this 
Constitution   tf.kes  effect,  the  Senators  shall  be  equally  divided  by  lot, 


92  CONSTITUTION  OF  1852. 

into  two  classes;  the  seats  of  the  Senators  of  the  first  class  shall  be 
vacated  at  the  expiration  of  the  second  year;  of  the  second  class,  at  the 
expiration  of  the  fourth  year,  so  that  one-half  shall  be  chosen  every  two 
years,  and  a  rotation  thereby  kept  up  perpetually.  In  case  any  district 
ahali  have  elected  two  or  more  Senators,  said  Senators  shall  vacate  their 
seats  respectively  at  the  end  of  two  and  four  years,  and  lots  shall  be 
drawn  between  them. 

Art.  18.  The  first  election  for  Senators  shall  be  general  through- 
cut  the  State,  and  at  the  same  time  that  the  general  election  for  Repre- 
sentatives is  held;  and  thereafter  there  shall  be  biennial  elections  to  fill 
tl'.e  places  of  those  whose  time  of  service  may  have  expired. 

Art.  19.  Not  less  than  a  majority  of  the  members  of  each  house 
of  the  General  Assembly  shall  form  a  quorum  to  do  business;  but  a 
smaller  number  may  adjourn  from  day  to  day,  and  shall  be  authorized 
by  law  to  compel  the  attendance  of  absent  members. 

Art.  20.  Each  house  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  judge  of  the 
qualifications,  election  and  returns  of  its  members;  but  a  contested  elec- 
tion shall  be  determined  in  such  manner  as  shall  be  directed  by  law. 

Art.  21.  Each  house  of  the  General  Assembly  may  determine  the 
rules  of  its  proceedings,  punish  a  member  for  disorderly  behavior,  and 
with  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds,  expel  a  member,  but  not  a  second 
time  for  the  same  offense. 

Art.  22.  Each  house  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  keep  and  pub- 
lish, weekly,  a  journal  of  its  proceedings,  and  the  yeas  and  nays  of  the 
members,  on  any  question,  shall,  at  the  desire  of  any  two  of  them,  be 
entered  on  the  journal. 

Art.  23.  Each  house  may  punish  by  imprisonment,  any  person  not  a 
member,  for  disrespectful  and  disorderly  behavior  in  its  presence,  or  for 
obstructing  any  of  its  proceedings.  Such  imprisonment  shall  not  exceed 
ten  days  for  any  one  offense. 

Art.  24.  Neither  house,  during  the  sessions  of  the  General  Assem- 
bly, shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  other,  adjourn  for  more  than  three 
days,  nor  to  any  other  place  than  that  in  which  they  may  be  sitting. 

Art.  25.  The  members  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  receive  from 
the  public  treasury  a  compensation  for  their  services,  which  shall  be  four 
dollars  per  day,  during  their  attendance,  going  to  and  returning  from  the 
session  of  their  respective  houses.  The  compensation  may  be  increased 
or  diminished  by  law;  but  no  alteration  shall  take  effect  during  the  period 
of  service  of  the  members  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  by  whom 
such  alteration  shall  have  been  made.  No  session  shall  extend  to  a  period 
beyond  sixty  days,  to  date  from  its  commencement,  and  any  legislative 
action  had  after  the  expiration  of  the  said  sixty  days,  shall  be  null  and 
void.  This  provison  shall  not  apply  to  the  first  Legislature  which  is  to 
convene  after  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution. 

Art.  26.  The  members  of  the  General  Assembly  shall,  in  all  cases, 
except  treason,  felony,  breach  of  the  peace,  be  privileged  from  arrest,  dur- 
ing their  attendance  at  the  sessions  of  their  respective  houses,  and  going 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1852.  93 

to  or  returning  from  the  same,  and  for  any  speech  or  debate  in  either 
house,  they  shall  not  be  questioned  in  any  other  place. 

Art.  27.  jSTo  Senator  or  Representative  shall,  during  the  term  for 
which  he  was  elected,  nor  for  one  year  thereafter,  be  appointed  or  elected 
to  any  civil  ofSce  of  profit  under  this  State,  which  shall  have  been  created, 
or  the  emoluments  of  which  shall  have  been  increased  during  the  time 
such  Senator  or  Representative  was  in  office,  except  to  such  offices  or 
appointments  as  may  be  filled  by  the  elections  of  the  people. 

Art.  28.  No  person  who,  at  any  time,  may  have  been  a  collector  of 
taxes,  whether  State,  parish  or  municipal,  or  who  may  have  been  other- 
wise intrusted  with  public  money,  shall  be  eligible  to  the  General  Assem- 
bly, or  to  any  office  of  profit  or  trus+  under  the  State  Government,  until 
he  shall  have  obtained  a  discharge  for  the  amount  of  such  collection?, 
and  for  all  public  moneys  with  wdiich  he  may  have  been  intrusted. 

Art.  29.  No  bill  shall  have  the  force  of  a  law  until,  on  three  several 
days,  it  be  read  over  in  each  house  of  the  General  Assembly,  and  free 
discusson  allowed  thereon ;  unless  in  case  of  urgency,  four-fifths  of  the 
house  where  the  bill  shall  be  pending,  may  deem  it  expedient  to  dispense 
with  this  rule. 

Art.  30.  All  bills  for  raising  revenue  shall  originate  in  the  Housf' 
of  Representatives,  but  the  Senate  may  propose  amendments,  as  in  other 
bills;  Provided,  they  shall  not  introduce  any  new  matter,  under  tht.- 
color  of  an  amendment,  which  doe?  no+  relate  tr  raising  revenue. 

Art.  31.  The  General  Assembly  shall  regulate,  by  law,  by  whom 
and  in  what  manner  writs  of  election  shall  be  issued  to  fill  the  vacancies 
which  may  happen  in  either  branch  thereof. 

Art.  32.  The  Senate  shall  vote  on  the  confirmation  or  rejection  of 
officers,  to  be  appointed  by  the  Governor,  with  the  advice  and  consent 
of  the  Senate,  by  yeas  and  nays,  and  the  names  of  the  Senators  voting 
for  and  against  the  appointments  respectively,  shall  be  entered  on  a  jour- 
nal to  be  kept  for  that  purpose,  and  made  public  at  the  end  of  each  ses- 
sion. Or  before. 

Art.  33.  Returns  of  all  electons  for  members  of  the  General  Assem- 
bly shall  be  made  to  the  Secretary  of  State. 

Art.  34.  In  the  year  in  which  a  regular  election  for  a  Senator  of 
the  United  States  is  to  take  place,  the  members  of  the  General  Assembly 
shall  meet  in  the  Hall  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  on  the  Monday 
following  the  meeting  of  the  Legislature,  and  proceed  to  the  said  elec- 
tion. 

TITLE  ni. 

executive  department. 

Art.  35.  The  supreme  executive  power  of  the  State  shall  be  vested 
in  a  chief  magistrate,  who  shall  be  styled  the  Governor  of  the  State  of 
Louisiana.  He  shall  hold  his  office  during  the  term  of  four  years,  and 
together  with  the  Lieutenant  Governor,  chosen  for  the  same  term,  be 


94  CONSTITUTION  OF  1852. 

elected  as  follows:  The  qualified  electors  for  Representatives  shall  vote 
for  a  Governor  and  Lieutenant  Governor,  at  the  time  and  place  of  voting 
for  Kepresentativcs ;  the  returns  of  every  election  shall  be  sealed  up  and 
transmitted  by  the  proper  returning  officer,  to  the  Secretary  of  State, 
who  shall  deliver  them  to  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
on  the  second  day  of  the  session  of  the  General  Assembly,  then  next  to. 
be  holden.  The  members  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  meet  in  the 
House  of  Representatives  to  examine  and  count  the  votes.  The  person 
having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  for  Governor  shall  be  declared  duly 
elected,  but  if  two  or  more  persons  shall  be  equal  and  highest  in  the 
number  of  votes  polled  for  Governor,  one  of  them  shall  immediately  be 
chosen  Governor  by  joint  vote  of  the  members  of  the  General  Assembly. 
The  person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  polled  for  Lieutenant 
Governor,  shall  be  Lieutenant  Governor;  but  if  two  or  more  person? 
shall  be  equal  and  highest  in  the  number  of  votes  polled  for  Lieutenant 
Governor,  one  of  them  shall  be  inunediately  chosen  Liuetenant  Governor 
by  joint  vote  of  the  members  of  the  General  Assembly. 

Art.  36.  No  person  shall  be  eligible  to  the  office  of  Governor  or 
Lieutenant  Governor  who  shall  not  have  attained  tlie  age  of  twenty-eight 
years,  and  been  a  citizen  and  a  resident  within  the  State  for  the  space 
of  four  years  next  preceding  his  election. 

Art.  37.  The  Governor  shall  enter  on  the  discharge  of  his  dutie'^ 
on  the  fourth  Monday  of  January  next  ensuing  his  election,  and  shall 
continue  in  office  until  the  Monday  next  succeeding  the  day  that  his 
successor  shall  be  declared  duly  elected,  and  shall  have  taken  the  oath  or 
affirmation  required  by  the  Constitution. 

Art.  38.  The  Governor  shall  be  ineligible  for  the  succeeding  four 
years  after  the  expiration  of  the  time  for  which  he  shall  have  been 
elected. 

Art.  39.  No  member  of  Congress  or  person  holding  any  office  under 
the  United  States,  shall  be  eligible  to  the  office  of  Governor  or  Lieuten- 
ant Governor. 

Art.  40.  In  case  of  the  impeachment  of  the  Governor,  his  removal 
from  office,  death,  refusal  or  inability  to  qualify,  resignation  or  absence 
from  the  State,  the  powers  and  duties  of  the  office  shall  devolve  upon  the 
Lieutenant  Governor  for  the  residue  of  the  term,  or  until  the  Governor, 
absent  or  impeached,  shall  return  or  be  acquitted.  The  Legislature  maj' 
provide  by  law  for  the  case  of  removal,  impeachment,  death,  resignation, 
disability  or  refusal  to  qualify,  of  both  the  Governor  and  Lieutenant 
Governor,  declaring  what  officer  shall  act  as  Governor,  and  such  officer 
shall  act  accordingly,  until  the  disability  be  removed,  or  for  the  residue  of 
the  term. 

Art.  41.  The  Lieutenant  Governor  or  officer  discharging  the  duties 
of  Governor,  shall,  during  his  administration,  receive  the  same  compen- 
sation to  which  the  Governor  would  have  been  entitled  had  he  continued 
in  office. 

Art.  42.     The  Lieutenant  Governor  shall,  by  virtue  of  his  office,  bo 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1852.  95 

President  of  the  Senate,  but  shall  have  only  a  casting  vote  therein.  When- 
ever he  shall  administer  the  Government,  or  shall  be  unable  to  attend  as 
President  of  the  Senate,  the  Senators  shall  elect  one  of  their  own  members 
as  President  of  the  Senate  for  the  time  being. 

Art.  43.  While  he  acts  as  President  of  the  Senate,  the  Lieutenant 
Governor  shall  receive  for  his  services  the  same  compensation  which  shall 
for  the  same  period  be  allowed  to  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Represent- 
atives, and  no  more. 

Art.  44.  The  Governor  shall  have  power  to  grant  reprieves  for  all 
offenses  against  the  State,  and  except  in  cases  of  impeaclmient  shall,  with 
the  consent  of  the  Senate,  have  power  to  grant  pardons  and  remit  fines 
and  forfeitures,  after  conviction.  In  cases  of  treason,  he  may  grant 
reprieves  until  the  end  of  the  next  session  of  the  General  Assembly,  in 
which  the  power  of  pardoning  shall  be  vested. 

Art.  45.  The  Governor  shall,  at  stated  times,  receive  for  his  services 
a  compensation,  which  shall  neither  be  increased  nor  diminished  during 
the  term  for  which  he  shall  have  been  elected. 

Art.  46.  He  shall  be  commander  in  chief  of  the  anmy  and  navy  of 
this  State,  and  of  the  militia  thereof,  except  when  they  shall  be  called 
into  the  service  of  the  ITnited  States. 

Art.  47.  He  shall  nominate  and,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent 
of  the  Senate,  appoint  all  officers  whose  offices  are  established  by  this 
Constitution,  and  whose  appointments  are  not  herein  otherwise  provided 
for;  Provided,  however,  that  the  Legislature  shall  have  a  right  to  pre- 
scribe the  mode  of  appointment  to  all  other  offices  established  by  law. 

Art.  48.  The  Governor  shall  have  power  to  fill  vacancies  that  may 
happen  during  the  recess  of  the  Senate,  by  granting  commissions  which 
shall  expire  at  the  end  of  the  next  session,  unless  otherwise  provided  for 
in  this  Constitution;  but  no  person  who  has  been  nominated  for  office, 
and  rejected  by  the  Senate,  shall  be  appointed  to  the  same  office  during  the 
recess  of  the  Senate. 

Art.  49.  He  may  require  inform.ation,  in  writing,  from  the  officers 
in  the  executive  department,  upon  any  subject  relating  to  the  duties  of 
their  respective  offices. 

Art.  50.  He  shall,  from  time  to  time,  give  to  the  General  Assembly 
information  respecting  the  situation  of  the  State,  and  recommend  to  their 
consideration  such  measures  as  he  may  deem  expedient. 

Art.  51.  He  may,  on  extraordinary  occasions,  convene  the  General 
Assembly  at  the  seat  of  Government,  or  at  a  different  place,  if  that  should 
have  become  dangerous  from  an  enemy  or  from  epidemic ;  and  in  case  of 
disagreement  between  the  two  houses  as  to  the  time  of  adjournment,  he 
may  adjourn  them  to  such  time  as  he  may  think  proper,  not  exceeding 
four  months. 

Art.  52.     He  shall  take  care  that  the  laws  be  faithfully  executed. 

Art.  53.  Every  bill  which  shall  have  passed  both  houses  shall  be  pre- 
sented to  the  Governor;  if  he  approve,  he  shall  sign  it;  if  not,  he  shall 
return  it,  with  his  objections,  to  the  house  in  which  it  originated,  which 


96  CONSTITUTION  OF  1852. 

shall  entei'  the  objections  at  large  upon  its  journal,  and  proceed  to  recon- 
sider it.  li,  after  such  rccuusideratioii,  two-thirds  of  all  the  members 
elected  to  that  house  shall  agree  to  pass  the  bill,  it  shall  be  sent,  with  the 
objections,  to  the  other  house,  by  which  it  shall  likewise  be  reconsidered, 
and  if  approved  by  two-thirds  of  all  the  members  elected  to  that  house,  it 
shall  be  a  law;  but  in  such  cases  the  vote  of  both  houses  shall  be  deter- 
mined by  yeas  and  nays,  and  the  names  of  the  members  voting  for  or 
against  the  bill  shall  be  entered  on  the  journal  of  each  house  respectively. 
If  any  bill  shall  not  be  retm-ned  by  the  Governor  within  ten  days  (Sun- 
days excepted)  after  it  shall  have  been  presented  to  him,  it  shall  be  a  law 
in  like  manner  as  if  he  had  signed  it,  unless  the  General  Assembly,  by 
adjournment,  prevent  its  return;  in  which  case  it  shall  be  a  law,  unless 
sent  back  within  three  days  after  their  next  session. 

Art.  54.  Every  order,  resolution  or  vote  to  which  the  concurrence  of 
both  houses  may  be  necessary  except  on  a  question  of  adjournment,  shall 
be  presented  to  the  Governor,  and  before  it  shall  take  effect,  be  approved 
by  him,  or,  being  disapproved,  shall  be  repassed  by  two-thirds  of  the  mem- 
bers elected  to  each  house  of  the  General  Assembly. 

Art.  55.  There  shall  be  a  Secretary  of  State  who  shall  hold  his  office 
during  the  time  for  which  the  Governor  shall  have  been  elected.  The 
records  of  the  State  shall  be  kept  and  preserved  in  the  office  of  the  Secre- 
tary; he  shall  keep  a  fair  register  of  the  official  acts  and  proceedings  of 
the  Governor,  and  when  necessary,  shall  attest  them.  He  shall,  when 
required,  lay  the  said  register,  and  all  papers,  minutes  and  vouchers  rela- 
tive to  his  office,  before  either  house  of  the  General  Assembly,  and  shall 
perform  such  other  duties  as  may  be  enjoined  on  him  by  law. 

Art.  56.  There  shall  be  a  Treasurer  of  the  State,  who  shall  hold  his 
office  during  the  term  of  two  years. 

Art.  57.  The  Secretary  of  State  and  Treasurer  of  State,  shall  be 
elected  by  the  qualified  electors  of  the  State.  And  in  case  of  any  vacancies 
caused  by  the  death,  resignation  or  absence  of  the  Treasurer  or  Secretary 
of  State,  the  Governor  shall  order  an  election,  to  fill  said  vacancy. 

Art.  58.  All  commissions  shall  be  in  the  name  and  by  the  authority 
of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  and  shall  be  sealed  with  the  State  seal  and 
signed  by  the  Governor. 

Art.  59.  The  free  white  men  of  the  State  shall  be  armed  and  dis- 
ciplined for  its  defense;  but  those  who  belong  to  religious  societies,  whose 
tenets  forbid  them  to  carry  arms,  shall  not  be  compelled  so  to  do,  but  shall 
pay  an  equivalent  for  personal  services. 

Art.  f)0.  The  mlllfia  of  the  State  shall  be  organized  in  such  manner 
as  may  be  hereafter  deemed  most  expedient  by  the  Legislature. 

TITLE  IV. 

JUDICIARY    DEPARTMENT. 

Art.  61.  The  judiciary  power  shall  be  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court, 
in  such  inferior  courts  as  the  Legislature  may  from  time  to  time  order 
and  establish,  and  in  justices  of  the  peace. 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1852.  97 

Art.  62.  The  Supreme  Court,  except  in  the  cases  hereinafter  pro- 
vided, shall  have  appellate  jurisdiction  only;  which  jurisdiction  shall 
extend  to  all  cases  when  the  matter  in  dispute  shall  exceed  three  hundred 
dollars;  to  all  cases  in  which  the  constitutionality  or  legality  of  any  tax, 
toll  or  impost  whatsoever  or  of  any  fine,  forfeiture  or  penalty  imposed  by  a 
mimicipal  coi'poration,  shall  be  in  contestation;  and  to  all  criminal  cases 
on  questions  of  law  alone,  whenever  the  offense  charged  is  punishable  with 
death  or  imprisonment  at  hard  labor,  or  when  a  fine  exceeding  three 
hundred  dollars  is  actually  imposed.  The  Legislature  shall  have  power 
to  restrict  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Supreme  Court  in  civil  cases  to  questions 
of  law  only. 

Art.  63.  The  Supreme  Court  shall  be  composed  of  one  Chief  Justice 
and  four  associate  justices,  a  majority  of  whom  shall  constitute  a  quorum. 
The  Chief  Justice  shall  receive  a  salary  of  six  thousand  dollars,  and  each 
of  the  associate  judges  a  salary  of  five  thousand  five  hundred  dollars 
annually  until  otherwise  provided  by  law.  The  court  shall  appoint  its 
own  clerks;  the  judges  shall  be  elected  for  the  term  of  ten  years. 

Art.  64.  The  Chief  Justice  shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  electors 
of  the  State.  The  Legislature  shall  divide  the  State  into  four  districts, 
and  the  qualified  electors  of  each  district  shall  elect  one  of  the  associate 
justices.  The  State  shall  be  divided  into  the  following  districts  until 
the  Legislature  shall  otherwise  direct: 

FIRST    DISTRICT. 

The  parishes  of  Plaquemines,  St.  Bernard,  that  portion  of  the  Parish 
of  Orleans  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Mississippi  river,  and  that  portion 
of  the  City  of  ISTew  Orleans  which  lies  below  the  line  extending  from 
the  river  Mississippi,  along  the  middle  of  Julia  street,  until  it  strikes 
the  New  Orleans  Canal,  and  thence  do\vn  said  canal  to  the  lake. 

SECOND    DISTRICT, 

That  portion  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans  which  is  situated  above 
the  line  extending  along  the  middle  of  Julia  street  until  it  strikes  the 
New  Orleans  Canal,  and  thence  down  said  canal  to  the  lake,  and  the 
parishes  of  Jefferson,  St.  John  the  Baptist,  St.  Charles,  St.  James, 
Ascension,  Assumption,  Lafourche  Interior,  Terrebonne,  West  Baton 
Rouge  and  Iberville. 

THIRD    DISTRICT. 

The  parishes  of  St.  Tammany,  Washington,  Livingston,  St.  Helena, 
East  Baton  Rouge,  East  Eeliciana,  West  Feliciana,  Pointe  Coupee, 
Avoyelles,  Tensas,  Concordia,  Lafayette,  Vermilion,  St.  Maiy,  St.  Martin 
and  St.  Landry. 

FOURTH    DISTRICT. 

The  parishes  of  Calcasieu,  Rapides,  Sabine,  Natchitoches,  DeSoto, 
Caddo,  Bossier,  Claiborne,  Bienville,  Caldwell,  Union,  Ouachita,  More- 
house, Jackson,  Franklin,  Catahoula,  Madison,  Carroll  and  Winn. 


98  CONSTITUTION  OF  1852. 

Art.  65.  The  office  of  one  of  the  associate  justices  shall  be  vacated 
at  the  expiration  of  the  seoond  year,  of  another  at  the  expiration  of  the 
fourth  year,  of  a  third,  at  the  expiration  of  the  sixth  year,  and  of  the 
fourth,  at  the  expiration  of  the  eighth  year — so  that  one  of  the  judges 
of  the  Supreme  Court  shall  be  elected  every  second  year. 

Art.  6Q.  The  Secretary  of  State,  on  receiving  the  official  returns 
of  the  first  election,  shall  proceed  immediately,  in  the  presence  and  with 
the  assistance  of  two  justices  of  the  peace,  to  determine  by  lot  among 
the  four  candidates  having  the  highest  number  of  votes  in  the  respective 
districts,  which  of  the  associate  justices  elect  shall  serve  for  the  term 
of  two  years,  which  for  the  term  of  four  years,  which  for  the  term  of 
six  years,  and  which  for  the  term  of  eight  years,  and  the  Governor  shall 
issue  commissions  accordingly. 

Art.  67.  Any  vacancy  that  may  occur  in  the  Supreme  Court  from 
resignation  or  otherwise,  shall  be  filled  by  election  for  the  remainder  of 
the  unexpired  teim,  but  if  such  remainder  do  not  exceed  one  year,  the 
vacancy  shall  be  filled  by  executive  appointment. 

Art.  68.  The  Supreme  Court  shall  hold  its  sessions  in  New  Orleans 
from  the  first  Monday  of  the  month  of  November  to  the  end  of  the 
month  of  June,  inclusive.  The  Legislature  shall  have  power  to  fix  the 
sessions  elsewhere  during  the  rest  of  the  year;  until  otherwise  provided, 
the  sessions  shall  be  held  as  heretofore. 

Art.  69.  The  Supreme  Court  and  each  of  the  judges  thereof  shall 
have  power  to  issue  wi'its  of  habeas  corpus,  at  the  instance  of  all  persons 
in  actual  custody  under  process  in  all  cases  in  which  they  may  have 
appellate   jurisdiction. 

Art.  70.  No  judgment  shall  be  rendered  by  the  Supreme  Court  with- 
out the  concurrence  of  a  majority  of  the  judges  comprising  the  court. 
Whenever  a  majority  cannot  agree,  in  consequence  of  the  recusation  of 
any  member  or  members  of  the  court,  the  judges  not  recused  shall  have 
power  to  call  upon  any  judge  or  judges  of  the  inferior  courts,  whose  duty 
it  shall  be,  when  so  called  upon,  to  sit  in  the  place  of  the  judges  recused 
and  to  aid  in  determining  the  case. 

Art.  71.  All  judges,  by  virtue  of  their  office,  shall  be  conservators 
of  the  peace  throughout  the  State.  The  style  of  all  process  shall  be  "The 
State  of  Louisiana."  All  prosecutions  shall  be  carried  on  in  the  name 
and  by  authority  of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  and  conclude  against  the 
peace  and  dignity  of  the  same. 

Art.  72.  The  judges  of  all  courts  within  the  State  shall,  as  often 
as  it  may  be  possible  so  to  do,  in  every  definite  judgment  refer  to  the 
particular  law  in  virtue  of  which  such  judgment  may  be  rendered,  and 
in  all  cases  adduce  the  reasons  on  which  their  judgment  is  founded. 

Art.  73.  The  judges  of  all  courts  shall  be  liable  to  impeachment, 
but  for  any  reasonable  cause,  which  shall  not  be  sufficient  ground  for 
impeachment,  the  Governor  shall  remove  any  of  them  on  the  address  of 
three-fourths  of  the  members  present  of  each  house  of  the  General 
Assembly.    In  every  such  case  the  cause  or  causes  for  which  such  removal 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1852.  99 

may  be  required  shall  be  stated  at  length  in  the  address  and  inserted  in 
the  journal  of  each  house. 

Art.  74.  There  shall  be  an  Attorney  General  for  the  State,  and  as 
many  district  attorneys  as  may  be  hereafter  found  necessary.  They  shall 
hold  their  offices  for  four  years;  their  duties  shall  be  determined  by  law. 

Art.  75.  The  judges,  both  of  the  Supreme  and  inferior  courts,  shall, 
at  stated  times,  receive  a  salary,  which  shall  not  be  diminished  during 
their  continuance  in  office;  and  they  are  prohibited  from  receiving  any 
fees  of  office,  or  other  compensation  than  their  salaries  for  any  civil 
duties  performed  by  them. 

Art.  76.  The  Legislature  shall  have  power  to  vest  in  clerks  of 
courts  authority  to  grant  such  orders  and  do  such  acts  as  may  be  deemed 
necessary  for  the  furtherance  of  the  administration  of  justice,  and  in  all 
cases  the  powers  thus  granted  shall  be  specified  and  determined. 

Art.  77.  The  judges  of  the  several  inferior  courts  shall  have  power 
to  remove  the  clerks  thereof  for  breach  of  good  behavior,  subject  in  all 
cases  to  an  appeal  to  the  Supreme  Court. 

Art.  78.  The  jurisdiction  of  justices  of  the  peace  shall  be  limited 
in  civil  cases  to  cases  where  the  matter  in  dispute  does  not  exceed  one 
hundred  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest,  subject  to  appeal  in  such  cases  as 
shall  be  provided  for  by  law.  They  shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  elec- 
tors of  each  parish,  district  or  ward,  for  the  term  of  two  years,  in  such 
manner,  and  shall  have  such  criminal  jurisdiction  as  shall  be  provided 
by  law. 

Art.  79.  Clerks  of  the  inferior  courts  in  this  State  shall  be  elected 
for  the  term  of  four  years ;  and,  should  a  vacancy  occur  subsequent  to  an 
election,  it  shall  be  filled  by  the  judge  of  the  court  in  which  such  vacancy 
exists,  and  the  person  so  appointed  shall  hold  his  office  until  the  next 
general  election. 

Art.  80.  A  sheriS  and  a  coroner  shall  be  elected  iri  each  parish  by 
the  qualified  voters  thereof,  who  shall  hold  their  office  for  the  term  of  two 
years,  unless  sooner  removed.  The  Legislature  shall  have  the  power  to 
increase  the  nmnber  of  sheriffs  in  any  parish.  Should  a  vacancy  occur  in 
either  of  these  offices,  subsequent  to  an  election,  it  shall  be  filled  by  the 
Governor;  and  the  person  so  appointed  shall  continue  in  office  until  his 
successor  shall  be  elected  and  qualified. 

Art.  81.  The  judges  of  the  several  inferior  courts  shall  be  elected 
by  the  duly  qualified  voters  of  their  respective  districts  or  parishes. 

Art.  82.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Legislature  to  fix  the  time  for 
holding  elections  for  all  judges  at  a  time  which  shall  be  different  from 
that  fixed  for  all  other  elections. 

Art.  83.  The  Attorney  General  shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified 
voters  of  the  State,  and  the  district  attorneys  by  the  qualified  voters  of 
each  district,  on  the  day  of  the  election  for  Governor  of  the  State. 

Art.  84.  The  Legislature  may  determine  the  mode  of  filling  vacan- 
cies in  the  offices  of  the  inferior  judges,  attorney  general,  district  attor- 
neys, and  all  other  officers  not  otherwise  provided  for  in  this  Constitution. 


TOO  CONSTITUTION  OF   1852. 

TITLE  V. 

IMPEACHMENT. 

Art.  85.  The  power  of  impeachment  shall  be  vested  in  the  House  of 
Representatives. 

Art.  8G.  Lnpeachments  of  the  Governor,  Lieutenant  Governor, 
Attorney  General,  Secretary  of  State,  State  Treasurer,  and  of  the  judges 
of  the  inferior  courts,  justices  of  the  peace  excepted,  shall  be  tried  by 
Senate;  the  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  or  the  senior  judge 
thereof,  shall  preside  during  the  trial  of  such  impeachment.  Impeach- 
ments of  the  judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  shall  be  tried  by  the  Senate. 
When  sitting  as  a  court  of  impeachment,  the  Senators  shall  be  upon  oath 
or  affirmation,  and  no  person  shall  be  convicted  without  the  concui'rence 
of  two-thirds  of  the  Senators  present. 

Art.  87.  Judgments  in  cases  of  impeachment  shall  extend  only  to 
removal  from  office  and  disqualification  from  holding  any  office  of  honor, 
trust  or  profit  under  the  State;  but  the  convicted  parties  shall,  never- 
theless, be  subject  to  indictment,  trial  and  punishment  according  to  law. 

Art.  88.  All  officers  against  whom  articles  of  impeachment  may  be- 
preferred  shall  be  suspended  from  the  exercise  of  their  functions  during 
the  pendency  of  such  impeachment;  the  appointing  power  may  make  a 
provisional  appointment  to  replace  any  suspended  officer  until  the  decision 
of  the  impeachment. 

Art.  89.  The  Legislature  shall  provide  by  law  for  the  trial,  punish- 
ment and  removal  from  office  of  all  other  officers  of  the  State  by  indict- 
ment or  otherwise. 

TITLE  VI. 

GENERAL  PROVISIONS. 

Art.  90.  Members  of  the  General  Assembly,  and  all  officers,  before 
they  enter  upon  the  duties  of  their  office,  shall  take  the  following  oath 
or  afiu-mation: 

"I  (A  B),  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will  support  the  Con- 
stitution of  the  United  States  and  of  this  State,  and  that  I  will  faith- 
fully and  impartially  discharge  and  perform  all  the  duties  incumbent 

on  me  as ,  according  to  the  best  of  my  abilities  and  understanding, 

agreeably  to  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  the  United  States  and  of  this 
State;  and  I  do  further  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  since  the  adop- 
tion of  the  present  Constitution,  I,  being  a  citizen  of  this  State,  have 
not  fought  a  duel  with  deadly  weapons  within  this  State,  nor  out  of  it, 
with  a  citizen  of  this  State,  nor  have  I  sent  or  accepted  a  challenge  to 
fight  a  duel  with  deadly  weapons  with  a  citizen  of  this  State,  nor  have  I 
acted  as  second  in  cariying  a  challenge  or  aided,  advised  or  assisted  any 
person  thus  offending,  so  help  me  God." 

Art.  9L  Treason  against  the  State  shall  consist  only  in  levying  war 
against  it,  or  in  adhering  to  its  enemies,  giving  them  aid  and  comfort. 


CONSTITUTION  OP  1852.  101 

No  person  shall  be  convicted  of  treason,  unless  on  tiie  testimony  of  two 
witnesses  to  the  same  overt  act,  or  his  own  confession  in  open  court. 

Art.  92.  Every  pereon  shall  be  disqualified  from  holding  any  office 
of  trust  or  profit  in  this  State,  who  shall  have  been  convicted  of  having 
given  or  offered  a  bribe  to  procure  his  election  or  appointment. 

Art.  93.  Laws  shall  be  made  to  exclude  from  office  and  from  the 
right  of  suffrage  those  who  shall  hereafter  be  convicted  of  bribery,  per- 
jury, forgery  or  other  high  crimes  or  misdemeanors.  The  privilege  of 
free  suffrage  shall  be  supported  by  laws  regulating  elections  and  pro- 
hibiting, under  adequate  penalties,  all  undue  influence  thereon,  from 
power,  bribery,  timiult  or  other  improper  practice. 

Art.  94.  No  money  shall  be  drawn  from  the  treasury  but  in  pur- 
suance of  specific  appropriation  made  by  law,  nor  shall  any  appropriation 
of  money  made  for  a  longer  term  than  two  years.  A  regular  statement 
and  account  of  the  receipts  and  expenditures  of  all  public  moneys  shall 
be  published  annually  in  such  manner  as  shall  be  prescribed  by  law. 

Art.  95.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  General  Assembly  to  pass  such 
laws  as  may  be  proper  and  necessary  to  decide  differences  by  arbitration. 

Art.  96.  All  civil  officers  for  the  State  at  large  shall  reside  within 
the  State,  and  all  district  or  parish  officers,  within  their  districts  or 
parishes,  and  shall  keep  their  offices  at  such  places  therein  as  may  be 
required  by  law. 

Art.  97.  All  civil  officers,  except  the  Governor  and  judges  of  the 
Supreme  and  inferior  courts,  shall  be  removable  by  an  address  of  a  major- 
ity of  the  members  of  both  houses,  except  those  the  removal  of  whom  has 
been  otherwise  provided  by  this  Constitution. 

Art.  98.  In  all  elections  by  the  people  the  vote  shall  be  by  ballot, 
and  in  all  elections  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Kepresentatives,  jointly 
or  separately,  the  vote  shall  be  given  viva  voce. 

Art.  99.  No  member  of  Congress,  nor  person  holding  or  exercising 
any  office  of  trust  or  profit  under  the  United  States,  or  either  of  them,  or 
under  any  foreign  power,  shall  be  eligible  as  a  member  of  the  General 
Assembly,  or  hold  or  exercise  any  office  of  trust  or  profit  under  the  State. 

Art.  100.  The  laws,  public  records,  and  the  judicial  and  legislative 
written  proceedings  of  the  State  shall  be  promulgated,  preserved  and 
conducted  in  the  language  in  which  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States 
is  written. 

Art.  101.  The  Secretary  of  the  Senate  and  Clerk  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  shall  be  conversant  with  the  French  and  English  lan- 
guages, and  members  may  address  either  house  in  the  French  or  English 
language. 

Art.  102.  No  power  of  suspending  the  laws  of  this  State  shall  be 
exercised  unless  by  the  Legislature,  or  by  its  authority. 

Art.  103.  Prosecutions  shall  be  by  indictment  or  information.  The 
accused  shall  have  a  speedy  public  trial  by  an  impartial  jury  of  the 
vicinage;  he  shall  not  be  compelled  to  give  evidence  against  himself;  he 
shall  have  the  right  of  being  heard  by  himself  or  counsel ;  he  shall  have 


102  CONSTITUTION  OP  1852. 

the  right  of  meeting  the  witnesses  face  to  face,  and  shall  have  compul- 
sory process  for  obtaining  witnesses  in  his  favor. 

Art.  104.  All  prisoners  shall  be  bailable  by  sufficient  sureties,  unless 
for  capital  offenses,  where  the  proof  is  evident  or  presumption  great,  or 
unless  after  conviction  for  any  offense  or  crime  punishable  with  death 
or  imprisonment  at  hard  labor.  The  privilege  of  the  writ  of  habeas 
corpus  shall  not  be  suspended,  unless  when  in  case  of  rebellion  or  invasion 
the  public  safety  may  require  it. 

Art.  105.  No  ex  post  facto  law,  nor  any  law  impairing  the  obliga- 
tion of  contracts  shall  be  passed,  nor  vested  rights  be  divested,  unless  for 
purposes  of  public  utility  and  for  adequate  compensation  previously 
made. 

Art.  106.  The  press  shall  be  free.  Every  citizen  may  freely  speak, 
write  and  publish  his  sentiments  on  all  subjects,  being  responsible  for  an 
abuse  of  this  liberty. 

Art.  lOY.  The  seat  of  Government  shall  be  and  remain  at  Baton 
Rouge,  and  shall  not  be  removed  without  the  consent  of  three-fourths  of 
both  houses  of  the  General  Assembly. 

Art.  108.  The  State  .shall  not  subscribe  for  the  stock  of  nor  make 
a  loan  to  nor  pledge  its  faith  for  the  benefit  of  any  corporation  or  joint 
stock  company  created  or  established  for  banking  purposes,  nor  for  other 
purposes  than  those  described  in  the  following  article. 

Art.  109.  The  Legislature  shall  have  power  to  grant  aid  to  com- 
panies or  associations  of  individuals  formed  for  the  exclusive  purpose  of 
making  works  of  internal  improvement,  wholly  or  partially  within  the 
State,  to  the  extent  only  of  one-fifth  of  the  capital  of  such  companies,  by 
subscription  of  stock  or  loan  of  money  or  public  bonds;  but  any  aid  thus 
granted  shall  be  paid  to  the  company  only  in  the  same  proportion  as  the 
remainder  of  the  capital  shall  be  actually  paid  in  by  the  stockholders 
of  the  company;  and,  in  case  of  loan,  such  adequate  security  shall  be 
required  as  to  the  Legislature  may  seem  proper.  No  corporation  or  indi- 
vidual association  receiving  the  aid  of  the  State,  as  herein  provided,  shall 
possess  banking  or  discounting  privileges. 

Art.  110.  No  liability  shall  be  contracted  by  the  State  as  above 
mentioned,  unless  the  same  be  authorized  by  some  law  for  some  single 
object  or  work  to  be  distinctly  specified  therein,  which  shall  be  passed 
by  a  majority  of  the  members  elected  to  both  houses  of  the  General 
Assembly,  and  the  aggregate  amount  of  debts  and  liabilities  incurred 
under  this  and  the  preceding  article  shall  never  at  any  time  exceed  eight 
millions  of  dollars. 

Art.  111.  Whenever  the  Legislature  shall  contract  a  debt  exceeding 
in  amount  the  sum  of  one  hundred  thousand  dollars,  unless  in  case  of  war 
to  repel  invasion  or  suppress  insurrection,  they  shall,  in  the  law  creating 
the  debt,  provide  adequate  ways  and  means  for  the  payment  of  the  current 
interest  and  of  the  principal  when  the  same  shall  become  due.  And  the 
said  law  shall  be  irreparable  until  principal  and  interest  are  fully  paid 
and  discharged,  or  unless  the  repealing  law  contains  some  other  adequate 
provision  for  the  payment  of  the  principal  and  interest  of  the  debt. 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1852.  103 

Art.  112.  The  Legislature  shall  provide  by  law  for  a  change  of 
venue  in  civil  and  criminal  cases. 

Art.  113.  No  lottery  shall  be  authorized  by  this  State,  and  the  buy- 
ing or  selling  of  lottery  tickets  within  the  State  is  prohibited. 

Art.  114.     No  divorce  shall  be  granted  by  the  Legislature. 

Art.  115.  Every  law  enacted  by  the  Legislature  shall  embrace  but 
one  object,  and  that  shall  be  expressed  in  the  title. 

Art.  116.  No  law  shall  be  revived  or  amended  by  reference  to  its 
title;  but  in  such  case,  the  act  revived,  or  section  amended,  shall  be 
re-enacted  and  published  at  length. 

Art.  117.  The  Legislature  shall  never  adopt  any  system  or  code  of 
laws  by  general  reference  to  such  system  or  code  of  laws,  but  in  all  cases 
shall  specify  the  several  provisions  of  the  laws  it  may  enact. 

Art.  118.  Corporations  with  banking  or  discounting  privileges  may 
be  either  created  by  special  acts,  or  fomied  under  general  laws;  but  the 
Legislature  shall,  in  both  cases,  provide  for  the  registry  of  all  bills  or 
notes  issued  or  put  in  circulation  as  money,  and  shall  require  ample 
security  for  the  redemption  of  the  same  in  specie. 

Art.  119.  The  Legislature  shall  have  no  power  to  pass  any  law 
sanctioning  in  any  manner,  directly  or  indirectly,  the  suspension  of  specie 
payments  by  any  person,  association  or  corporation  issuing  bank  notes 
of  any  description. 

Art.  120.  In  case  of  insolvency  of  any  bank  or  banking  association, 
the  bill  holders  thereof  shall  be  entitled  to  preference  in  payment  over  all 
other  creditors  of  such  bank  or  association. 

Art.  121.  The  Legislature  shall  have  power  to  pass  such  laws  as  it 
may  deem  expedient  for  the  relief  or  revival  of  the  Citizens'  Bank  of 
Louisiana,  and  the  acts  already  passed  for  the  same  purpose  are  ratified 
and  confirmed ;  provided,  that  the  bank  is  subject  to  the  restrictions  con- 
tained in  Articles  119  and  120  of  this  Constitution. 

Art.  122.  No  person  shall  hold  or  exercise,  at  the  same  time  more 
than  one  civil  ofiice  of  emolument,  except  that  of  jxistice  of  the  peace. 

Art.  123.  Taxation  shall  be  equal  and  uniform  throughout  the 
State.  All  property  on  which  taxes  may  be  levied  in  this  State  shall 
be  taxed  in  proportion  to  its  value,  to  be  ascertained  as  directed  by  law. 
No  one  species  of  property  shall  be  taxed  higher  than  another  species  of 
property  of  equal  value,  in  which  taxes  shall  be  levied;  the  Legislature 
shall  have  power  to  levy  an  income  tax,  and  to  tax  all  persons  pursuing 
any  occupation,  trade  or  profession. 

Art.  124.  The  citizens  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans  shall  have  the 
right  of  appointing  the  several  public  officers  necessary  for  the  administra- 
tion of  the  police  of  the  said  city,  pursuant  to  the  mode  of  elections  which 
shall  be  prescribed  by  the  Legislature;  provided,  that  the  mayor  and 
recorders  shall  be  ineligible  to  a  seat  in  the  General  Assembly,  and  the 
mayor,  recorders,  aldermen  and  assistant  aldermen  shall  be  commissioned 
by  the  Governor  as  justices  of  the  peace,  and  the  Legislature  may  vest 


104  CONSTITUTION  OF  1852. 

in  them  such  criminal  jurisdiction  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  punish- 
ment of  minor  crimes  and  oflfenses,  and  as  the  police  and  good  order  of 
said  city  may  require. 

Art.  125.  The  Legislature  may  provide  by  law  in  what  case  officers 
shall  continue  to  perform  the  duties  of  their  offices,  until  their  successors 
shall  have  been  inducted  into  office.* 

Art.  126.  Any  citizen  of  this  State  who  shall,  after  the  adoption  of 
this  Constitution,  fight  a  duel  with  deadly  weapons,  with  a  citizen  of  this 
State,  or  send  or  accept  a  challenge  to  fight  a  duel  with  deadly  weapons, 
either  within  this  State  or  out  of  it,  with  a  citizen  of  this  State,  or  who 
shall  act  as  second,  or  knowingly  aid  or  assist  in  any  manner  those  thus 
offending,  shall  be  deprived  of  holding  any  office  of  trust  or  profit,  and  of 
enjoying  the  right  of  suffrage  under  this  Constitution;  and  the  office  of 
any  State  officer,  member  of  the  Greneral  Assembly,  or  of  any  other  person 
holding  office  of  profit  or  trust  under  this  Constitution,  and  the  laws  made 
in  pursuance  thereof,  shall  be,  ipso  facto,  vacated  by  the  fact  of  any  such 
person  committing  the  offense  mentioned  in  this  article,  and  the  Legisla- 
ture shall  provide  by  law  for  the  ascertaining  and  declaration  of  such 
forfeiture. 

Art.  127.  The  Legislature  shall  have  power  to  extend  this  Constitu- 
tion and  the  jurisdiction  of  this  State  over  any  territory  acquired  by 
compact  with  any  State,  or  with  the  United  States,  the  same  being  done 
by  the  consent  of  the  United  States. 

Art.  128.  None  of  the  lands  granted  by  Congress  to  the  State  of 
Louisiana  for  aiding  it  in  constructing  the  necessary  levees  and  drains,  to 
reclaim  the  swamp  and  overfiowed  lands  in  this  State,  shall  "be  diverted 
from  the  purposes  for  which  they  were  granted. 

Art.  129.  The  Constitution  and  laws  of  this  State  shall  be  promul- 
gated in  the  English  and  French  languages. 

TITLE  VII. 

INTERNAL  IMPROVEMENTS. 

Art.  130.  There  shall  be  a  Board  of  Public  Works,  to  consist  of  four 
commissioners.  The  State  shall  be  divided  by  the  Legislature  into  four 
districts,  containing  as  nearly  as  may  be  an  equal  number  of  voters,  and 
one  commissioner  shall  be  elected  in  each  district  by  the  legal  voters 
thereof  for  the  term  of  four  years;  but,  of  the  first  elected,  two,  to  be 
designated  by  lot,  shall  remain  in  office  for  two  years  only. 

Akt.  131.  The  General  Assembly,  at  its  first  session  after  the  adop- 
tion of  this  Constitution,  shall  provide  for  the  election  and  compensation 
of  the  commissioners  and  the  organization  of  the  board.  The  commis- 
sioners first  elected  shall  assemble  on  a  day  to  be  appointed  by  law,  and 
decide  by  lot  the  order  in  which  their  terms  of  service  shall  expire. 

Art.  132.  The  commissioners  shall  exercise  a  diligent  and  faithful 
supervision  of  all  public  works  in  which  the  State  may  be  interested. 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1852.  105 

except  those  made  by  joint  stock  companies.  They  shall  communicate  to 
the  General  Assembly,  from  time  to  time,  their  views  concerning  the 
same,  and  recommend  such  measures  as  they  may  deem  necessary,  in  order 
to  employ  to  the  best  advantage  and  for  the  purposes  for  which  they  were 
granted,  the  swamp  and  overflowed  lands,  conveyed  by  the  United  States 
to  this  State.  They  shall  appoint  all  officers  engaged  on  the  public  works, 
and  shall  perform  such  other  duties  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law. 

Art.  133.  The  commissioners  may  be  removed  by  the  concurrent  vote 
of  a  majority  of  all  the  members  elected  to  each  house  of  the  General 
Assembly;  but  the  cause  of  the  removal  shall  be  entered  on  the  journal 
of  each  house. 

Art.  134.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  power,  by  a  vote  of  three- 
fifths  of  the  members  elected  to  each  house,  to  abolish  said  board,  when- 
ever in  their  opinion  a  Board  of  Public  Works  shall  no  longer  be  neces- 
sary. 

TITLE  Vin. 

PUBLIC  EDUCATION. 

Art.  135.  There  shall  be  elected  a  Superintendent  of  Public  Educa- 
tion, who  shall  hold  his  office  for  the  term  of  two  years.  His  duties  shall 
be  prescribed  by  law,  and  he  shall  receive  such  compensation  as  the  Legis- 
lature may  direct ;  Provided,  That  the  General  Assembly  shall  have  power, 
by  a  vote  of  the  majority  of  the  members  elected  to  both  houses,  to  abolish 
the  said  ofiice  of  Superintendent  of  Public  Education,  whenever,  in  their 
opinion,  said  office  shall  be  no  longer  necessary. 

Art.  136.  The  General  Assembly  shall  establish  free  public  schools 
throughout  the  State,  and  shall  provide  for  their  support  by  general 
taxation  on  property  or  otherwise;  and  all  moneys  so  raised  or  provided 
shall  be  distributed  to  each  parish  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  free 
white  children  between  such  ages  as  shall  be  fixed  by  the  General 
Assembly. 

Art.  137.  The  proceeds  of  all  lands  heretofore  granted  by  the  United 
States  to  this  State  for  the  use  or  support  of  schools,  and  of  all  lands 
which  may  hereafter  be  granted  or  bequeathed  to  the  State,  and  not 
expressly  granted  or  bequeathed  for  any  purpose,  which  hereafter  may  be 
disposed  of  by  the  State,  and  the  proceeds  of  the  estates  of  deceased 
persons,  to  which  the  State  may  become  entitled  by  law,  shall  be  held  by 
the  State  as  a  loan,  and  shall  be  and  remain  a  perpetual  fimd,  on  which 
the  State  shall  pay  an  annual  interest  of  six  per  cent.;  which  interest, 
together  with  the  interest  of  the  trust  funds  deposited  with  this  State  by 
the  United  States,  under  the  act  of  Congress,  approved  June  23,  1836,  and 
all  the  rents  of  the  unsold  lands  shall  be  appropriated  to  the  support  of 
such  schools,  and  this  appropriation  shall  remain  inviolable. 

Art.  138.  All  moneys  arising  from  the  sales  which  have  been  or  may 
hereafter  be  made  of  any  lands  heretofore  granted  by  the  United  States  to 
this  State,  for  the  use  of  a  seminary  of  learning,  and  from  any  kind  of 
donation  that  may  hereafter  be  made  for  that  purpose,  shall  be  and  remain 


106  CONSTITUTION  OF  1852. 

a  perpetual  fund,  the  interest  of  which,  at  six  per  cent,  per  annum,  shall 
be  appropriated  to  the  support  of  a  seminary  of  learning  for  the  promotion 
of  literature  and  the  arts  and  sciences,  and  no  law  shall  ever  be  made 
diverting  said  fund  to  any  other  use  than  to  the  establishment  and 
improvement  of  said  seminary  of  learning. 

Art.  139.  The  University  of  Louisiana,  in  New  Orleans,  as  now 
established,  shall  be  maintained. 

Art.  140.  The  Legislature  shall  have  power  to  pass  such  laws  as  may 
be  necessary  for  the  further  regulation  of  the  university,  and  for  th^ 
promotion  of  literature  and  science;  but  shall  be  under  no  obligation  to 
contribute  to  the  support  of  said  university  by  appropriations. 

TITLE  IX. 

MODE  OF  REVISING  THE  CONSTITUTION. 

Art.  141.  Any  amendment  or  amendments  to  this  Constitution  may 
be  proposed  in  the  Senate  or  House  of  Representatives,  and  if  the  same 
shall  be  agreed  to  by  two-thirds  of  the  members  elected  to  each  house,  such 
proposed  amendment  or  amendments  shall  be  entered  on  their  journals, 
with  the  yeas  and  nays  taken  thereon,  and  the  Secretary  of  State  shall 
cause  the  same  to  be  published,  three  months  before  the  next  general 
election  for  Representatives  of  the  State  Legislature,  in  at  least  one  news- 
paper in  French  and  English,  in  every  parish  in  the  State  in  which  a 
newspaper  shall  be  published;  and  such  proposed  amendment  or  amend- 
ments shall  be  submitted  to  the  people  at  said  election;  and  if  a  majority 
of  the  voters  at  said  election  shall  approve  and  ratify  such  amendment  or 
amendments,  the  same  shall  become  a  part  of  the  Constitution.  If  more 
than  one  amendment  be  submitted  at  a  time,  they  shall  be  submitted  in 
such  manner  and  form  that  the  people  may  vote  for  or  against  each  amend- 
ment separately. 

TITLE  X. 

SCHEDULE. 

Art.  142.  The  Constitution  adopted  in  eighteen  hundred  and  forty- 
five  is  declared  to  be  superseded  by  this  Constitution,  and  in  order  to  carry 
the  same  into  effect,  it  is  hereby  declared  and  ordained  as  follows: 

Art.  143.  All  rights,  actions,  pi'osecutions,  claims  and  contracts,  as 
well  as  of  individuals  as  of  bodies  corporate,  and  all  laws  in  force  at  the 
time  of  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution,  and  not  inconsistent  therewith, 
shall  continue  as  if  the  same  had  not  been  adopted. 

Art.  144.  In  order  that  no  inconvenience  may  result  to  the  public 
service  from  the  taking  effect  of  this  Constitution,  no  office  shall  be  super- 
seded thereby;  but  the  laws  of  the  State  relative  to  the  duties  of  the 
several  officers,  executive,  judicial  and  military,  shall  remain  in  full  force. 
though  the  same  be  contrary  to  this  Constitution,  and  the  several  dutie--= 
shall  be  performed  by  the  respective  officers  of  the  State,  according  to  the 
existing  laws,  until  the  organization  of  the  Government  under  this  Con- 
stitution, and  the  entering  into  office  of  the  new  officers  to  be  appointed 
under  said  Government,  and  no  longer. 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1852.  107 

Art.  145.  Appointments  to  office  by  the  executive  under  this  Con- 
stitution shall  be  made  by  the  Governor  to  be  elected  under  its  authority. 

Art.  146.  The  Legislature  shall  provide  for  the  removal  of  all 
causes  now  pending  in  the  Supreme  Court  or  other  courts  of  the  State 
under  the  Constitution  of  1845,  to  courts  created  by  or  under  this  Con- 
stitution. 

Art.  147.  The  time  of  service  of  all  officers  chosen  by  the  people,  at 
the  first  election  under  this  Constitution,  shall  terminate  as  though  the 
election  had  been  holden  on  the  first  Monday  of  November,  1851.  and  they 
had  entered  on  the  discharge  of  their  duties  at  the  time  designated  therein. 
The  first  class  Senators,  designated  in  Article  17,  shall  hold  their  seats 
until  the  day  of  the  closing  of  the  general  elections  in  November,  1853,  and 
the  second  class  until  the  day  of  the  closing  of  the  general  elections  in 
November,  1855 

Art.  148.  The  first  election  for  judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  shall  bo 
held  on  the  first  l^londay  of  April  next  (1853,)  and  they  shall  enter  into 
office  on  the  first  Monday  of  May,  1853. 

Art.  149.  The  first  term  of  service  of  the  district  attorneys  and  the 
clerks  of  the  inferior  courts  to  be  ordered  and  established  under  this 
Constitution,  shall  be  regulated  by  the  term  of  service  of  the  first  Governor, 
so  that  a  new  election  for  these  officers  shall  be  held  on  the  first  Monday  of 
November. 

TITLE  XL 

ORDINANCE. 

Art.  150.  Lnmediately  after  the  adjournment  of  the  Convention  the 
Governor  shall  issue  his  proclamation,  directing  the  several  officers  of  this 
State  authorized  by  law  to  hold  elections  for  members  of  the  General 
Assembly,  to  open  and  hold  a  poll  in  every  parish  of  the  State,  at  the 
places  designated  by  law,  upon  the  first  Tuesday  of  November  next,  for 
the  purpose  of  taking  the  sense  of  the  good  people  of  this  State  in  regard 
to  the  adoption  or  rejection  of  this  Constitution ;  and  it  shall  be  the  duty 
of  said  officers  to  receive  the  votes  of  all  persons  entitled  to  vote  under  the 
old  Constitution  and  under  this  Constitution.  Each  voter  shall  express 
his  opinion  by  depositing  in  a  separate  box,  kept  for  that  purpose,  a 
ticket,  whereon  shall  be  written,  "The  Constitution  accepted,"  or,  "The 
Constitution  rejected,"  or  some  such  words  as  will  distinctly  convey  the 
intention  of  the  voter.  At  the  conclusion  of  said  election,  which  shall  be 
conducted  in  every  respect  as  a  general  State  election  is  now  conducted, 
the  commissioners  designated  to  preside  over  the  same  shall  carefull^v 
examine  and  count  each  ballot  so  deposited,  and  shall  forthwith  make  due- 
returns  thereof  to  the  Secretary  of  State,  in  conformity  to  the  provisions 
of  the  existing  law  upon  the  subject  of  elections. 

Art.  151.  Upon  the  receipt  of  the  said  returns,  or  on  the  fifth 
Monday  of  November,  if  the  returns  be  not  sooner  received,  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  Governor,  the  Secretary  of  State,  the  Attorney  General  and 
the  State  Treasurer,  in  the  presence  of  all  such  persons  as  may  choose  to 


108  CONSTITUTION  OF   1852. 

attend,  to  compare  the  votes  given  at  the  said  poll  for  the  ratification  and 
rejection  of  this  Constitution,  and  if  it  shall  appear  from  said  returns  that 
a  majority  of  all  the  votes  given  is  for  ratifying  this  Constitution,  then  it 
shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Governor  to  make  proclamation  of  that  fact,  and 
thenceforth  this  Constitution  shall  be  ordained  and  established  as  the 
Constitution  of  the  State  of  Louisiana.  But,  whether  this  Constitution  he 
accepted  or  rejected,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Governor  to  cause  to  he 
published,  in  the  official  paper  of  the  Convention,  the  result  of  the  polls, 
showing  the  nimaber  of  votes  cast  in  each  parish  for  and  against  the  said 
Constitution. 

Art.  152.  Should  this  Constitution  be  accepted  by  the  people,  it  shal) 
also  be  the  duty  of  the  Governor  forthwith  to  issue  his  proclamation, 
declaring  the  present  Legislature,  elected  under  the  old  Constitution,  to  be 
dissolved,  and  directing  the  several  officers  of  the  State,  authorized  by  law 
to  hold  elections  for  members  of  the  General  Assembly,  to  hold  an  election, 
at  the  places  designated  by  law,  upon  the  fourth  Monday  in  December 
next,  for  Governor,  Lieutenant  Governor,  members  of  the  General 
Assembly,  Secretary  of  State,  Attorney  General,  Treasurer,  and  Superin- 
tendent of  Public  Education ;  and  the  said  election  shall  be  conducted,  and 
the  returns  thereof  made,  in  conformity  with  existing  laws  upon  the 
subject  of  State  elections. 

Art.  153.  The  General  Assembly  elected  under  this  Constitution 
shall  convene  at  the  State  House,  in  Baton  Rouge,  upon  the  third  Monday 
of  January  next  after  the  elections,  and  the  Governor  and  Lieutenant 
Governor  elected  -at  the  same  time,  shall  be  duly  installed  in  office  durini^ 
the  first  week  of  the  session,  and  before  it  shall  be  competent  for  the  said 
General  Assembly  to  proceed  with  the  transaction  of  business. 

Art.  154.  All  the  publications  herein  ordered  shall  be  made  in  the 
official  journal  of  the  Convention. 

Art.  155.  This  Constitution  shall  be  published  in  French  and 
English  in  the  official  journal  of  the  Convention,  from  the  period  of  its 
adjournment  until  the  first  Tuesday  of  November,  1852,  one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  fifty-two. 

Done  at  Baton  Rouge,  July  31,  1852. 

(Signed)     DUNCAN  E.  KENNER, 
Attest:  President  of  the  Convention. 

J.  B.  WALTON. 

Secretary  nf  the  Convention. 

Jas.  Akenhead,  Chas.  A.  Bullard, 

Wm.  H.  Avery,  C.  L.  Bodousouie. 

John  W.  Andrews,  •  H.  Bernard, 

Robt.  Anderson,  of  Carroll.  Robt.  G.  Beale, 

E.  S.  Armant,  Wm.  Beard, 

Daniel  Addison,  Chas.  Bienvenu, 

J.  A.  Bradford,  '                    A.  Brother, 

J.  P.  Benjamin,  John  H.  Boyer, 

Soix)N  Bartlett,  Fred  Bouisson, 


CONSTITUTION  OF   1852. 


109 


Daniel  Byrne^ 

T.  Wharton  Collens, 

Henry  C.  Castellanos, 

A.  G.  Carter, 

J.  G.  Campbell, 

J.  B.  Cotton, 

G.  F.  Connelly, 

F.  D.  Conrad, 

Edvvd.  Duffel,  Jr., 

Cyprien  Dufour, 

E.  C.  Davidson, 

F.  DuGUE,  Jr., 

C.  Dalferes, 
Edwd.  Delony, 
Wm.  R.  Douglass, 

M.  C.  Edwards,  of  Orleans. 

N.  S.  Edwards, 

George  Eustis,  Jr., 

H.  B.  Eggleston, 

Fergus  Gardere, 

George  S.  Guion, 

F.  H.  Hatch, 

P.  T.  Harris, 

R.  A.  Hargis, 

M.  Hernandez,  Jr., 

Wade  H.  Hough, 

R.  Hodges, 

Randall  Hunt, 

Andrew  S.  Herron, 

P.  O.  Hebert, 

Harry  T.  Hays, 

A.  J.  Isaacks, 

N.  R.  Jennings, 

Aug.  W.  Jourdan, 

Jesse  R.  Jones, 

Peyton  G.  King, 

Phillip  B.  Kj;y, 

John  E.  King,  of  St.  Landry. 

J.  M.  Lapeyre, 

John  B.  Leefe, 

Chas.  J.  Leeds, 

W.  Jones  Lyle, 

Desire  Le  Blanc, 

J.  L.  Lobdell, 

D.  B.  McMillen, 

L.  Matthews,  of  Orleans. 
J.  L.  Matthews, 
Ant.  Moreno, 


George  Mather, 
E.  H.  Martln, 
Edward  Monge, 
Alfred  McIlhenny, 

ThO.   C.   iSI^ICHOLLS, 

Benj.  p.  Paxton, 
Wm.  Patterson, 
\V  iLLiAM  Perkins, 
John  W.  Price, 
U.  B.  Phillips, 
Wm.  W.  Pugh, 
Wm.  S.  Parham, 
W.  T.  Palfrey, 
Robert  Preaux, 

H.  H.  PlERSON, 

L.  Vincent  Reeves, 

G.  RlXNER, 

Sam.  G.  Risk, 

D.  D.  Richardson,  of  St.  Mary, 

R.   W.   RCHARDSON, 

C.  Roselius,  * 

A.  B.  Roman, 
M.  Ronquillo, 
Jno.  M.  Sandidge, 
H.  B.  Shaw, 
Henry  St.  Paul, 

E.  Staes, 

C.  L.  Swayze, 

T.  F.  Scarborough, 

John  M.  Shelton, 

P.  C.  Smith, 

R.  Smith,  of  Winn, 

R.  H.  Sibley, 

B.  B.  Simms, 
Wm.  R.  Stuart, 
G.  T.  Tatman, 
A.  Talbot, 
John  R.  Smart, 
Hezek.  Thompson, 
Robert  B.  Todd, 
A.  Toulouse, 

S.  Van  Wickle, 

C.  J.  ViLLERE, 

J.  P.  Waddill, 
J.  S,  Williams, 
Wm.  W.  Whittington, 
Henry  H.  Wilcoxon. 


Convention  of  1(S61 


On  December  12th,  1860,  the  General  Assembly  of  Louisiana  passed 
an  act  declaring  that,  m  their  opinion,  the  condition  of  public  affairs 
demanded  that  a  Convention  of  the  people  be  called  to  take  such  action 
as  the  interest  and  welfare  of  the  State  required,  and  provided  for  an 
election  of  delegates  to  said  Convention,  etc.,  and  on  Wednesday,  January 
23rd,  1861,  at  12  o'clock  M.,  the  delegates  elected,  in  accordance  with  the 
provisions  of  said  act,  met  in  the  hall  of  the  House  of  Representatives  in 
the  State  Capitol  at  Baton  Rouge. 

The  Convention  was  called  to  order  by  the  lion.  Effingham  Lawrence, 
representative  delegate  from  the  Parish  of  Plaquemines,  who  called  the 
Hon.  John  Perkins,  Jr.,  senatorial  delegate  from  Tensas,  to  preside  tem- 
porarily. 

Hon.  Oscar  Arroyo,  of  Plaquemines,  was  appointed  temporary  secre- 
tary; James  Welch,  of  St.  Helena,  assistant  secretary,  and  J.  H.  Peralta, 
temporary  sergeant  at  arms. 

On  roll  call  the  following  members  answered  to  their  names: 

SENATORIAL  DELEGATES. 

Parishes  of  Plaquemines,  St.  Bernard,  Jefferson  and  Orleans,  right 
bank,  Messrs.  Charles  Bienvenu  and  Fergus  Gardere. 

All  that  portion  of  the  Parish  of  Orleans,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Mississippi  river,  including  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  Messrs.  Peter  E. 
Bonford,  Felix  Labatut,  Thomas  H.  Kennedy,  W.  Rufus  Adams  and  J.  J. 
Michel. 

Parishes  of  St.  Charles  and  Lafourche,  Mr.  Louis  Bush. 

Parishes  of  Terrebonne,  Assumption  and  Ascension,  Mr.  Robert  C. 
Martin  and  Mr.  Adolphe  Yerret. 

Parishes  of  St.  James  and  St.  John  the  Baptist,  Mr.  A.  Bienvenu 
Roman. 

Parish  of  St.  IMary,  Mr.  G.  Laclaire  Fuselier. 

Parishes  of  St.  Martin  and  Vermilion,  Mr.  Alexander  Declouet. 

Parishes  of  St.  Landry,  Calcasieu  and  Lafayette,  Messrs.  Alexander 
Mouton  and  Lucius  J.  Dupre. 

Parish  of  Iberville,  Mr.  Augustus  Talbot. 

Parishes  of  Pointe  Coupee,  Avoyelles  and  West  Feliciana,  Messrs. 
Charles  D.  Stewart  and  Abraham  M.  Gray. 


CONVENTION  OF  1861.  Ill 

Parishes  of  East  Feliciana,  East  Baton  Rouge  and  West  Baton 
Eouge,  Messrs.  James  O.  Euqua  and  Andrew  S,  Herron. 

Parishes  of  St.  Helena,  Washington,  Livingston  and  St.  Tammany, 
Mr.  Hardy  Richardson. 

Parish  of  Rapides,  Mr.  John  K.  Elgee. 

Parishes  of  Sabine,  Natchitoches,  DeSoto  and  Caddo,  Messrs.  Benja- 
min L.  Hodge  and  Henry  Marshall. 

Parishes  of  Winn,  Catahoula  and  Caldwell,  Mr.  Wade  H.  Hough. 

Parishes  of  Franklin  and  Carroll,  Mr.  Mark  Valentine. 

Parishes  of  Madison,  Tensas  and  Concordia,  Messrs.  John  Perkins, 
Jr.,  and  Lemuel  P.  Conner. 

Parish  of  Claiborne,  Mr.  John  L.  Lewis. 

Parishes  of  Bossier  and  Bienville,  Mr.  Robert  Hodges. 

Parishes  of  Morehouse  and  Ouachita,  Mr.  Horace  M.  Polk. 

Parishes  of  Jackson  and  Union,  Mr.  William  M.  Kidd. 

REPRESENTATIVE  DELEGATES. 

Parish  of  Plaquemines,  Messrs.  Effingham  Lawrence  and  Joseph  B. 
Wilkinson,  Jr. 

Parish  of  St.  Bernard,  Mr.  Antonio  Marrero. 

Parish  of  Orleans  (right  bank),  Mr.  George  W.  Lewis. 

Parish  of  Jefferson,  Messrs.  Christian  Roselius  and  C.  Theodule 
Lagroue. 

Parish  of  St.  Charles,  Mr.  Richard  Taylor. 

Parish  of  St.  John  the  Baptist,  Mr.  Samuel  Hollingsworth. 

Parish  of  St.  James,  Messrs.  J.  lOeber  Gaudet  and  Louis  S. 
LeBourgeois. 

Parish  of  Ascension,  Messrs.  Edward  Duffel  and  Thomas  Gottman. 

Parish  of  Assumption,  Messrs.  Edmond  O.  Melancon  and  Walter 
Pugh. 

Parish  of  Lafourche,  Messrs.  Caleb  J.  Tucker  and  J.  Scudder 
Perkins. 

Parish  of  Terrebonne,  Messrs.  Andrew  McCollom  and  Gilmore  F. 
Connelly. 

Parish  of  St.  Mary,  Messrs.  Jules  G.  Olivier  and  Washington  M. 
Smith. 

Parish  of  St.  Martin,  Messrs.  John  Moore  and  Alcibiade  DeBlanc. 

Parish  of  Avoyelles,  Messrs,  Genelon  Cannon  and  Aristides  Barbin. 

Parish  of  Catahoula,  Mr.  James  G.  Talliaferro. 

Parish  of  Carroll,  Messrs.  Edward  Sparrow  and  John  H.  Martin. 

Parish  of  Madison,  Messrs.  William  R.  Peck  and  Claiborne  C. 
Briscoe. 

Parish  of  Tensas,  Messrs.  Samuel  W.  Dorsey  and  William  D. 
Anderson. 

Parish  of  Concordia,  Messrs.  Joseph  E.  Miller  and  Zebulon  York. 


112  CONVENTION  OF  1861. 

Parisli  of  Pointe  Coupee,  Messrs.  Auguste  Provosty  and  Samuel  W. 
McKneely. 

Parish  of  West  Feliciana,  Messrs.  William  E..  Barrow  and  John  T. 
Towles. 

Parish  of  East  Feliciana,  Messrs.  Thomas  W.  Scott  and  William 
Patterson- 
Parish  of  St.  Helena,  Mr.  James  A.  Williams. 

Parish  of  Washington,  Mr.  Nehemian  Magee. 

Parish  of  St.  Tammany,  Mr.  Sidney  S.  Conner. 

Parish  of  Livingston,  Mr.  William  A.  Davidson. 

Parish  of  East  Baton  Eouge,  Messrs.  William  S.  Pike  and  I. 
Ambrose  Williams. 

Parish  of  West  Baton  Rouge,  Mr.  Nathaniel  W.  Pope. 

Parish  of  Iberville,  Messrs.  Theodore  Johnson  and  Edward  G.  W. 
Butler. 

Parish  of  Vermilion,  Mr.  Daniel  O'Bryan. 

Parish  of  Lafayette,  Mr.  Michel  E.  Girard. 

Parish  of  Calcasieu,  Mr.  William  E.  Gill. 

Parish  of  St.  Landry,  Messrs.  John  A.  Taylor,  Caleb  L.  Swayze, 
Withal  Burton  and  Thomas  A.  Cooke. 

Parish  of  Rapides,  Messrs.  Thomas  C.  Manning,  William  W. 
Smart  and  Lewis  Texada. 

Parish  of  Sabine,  Mr.  Edward  C.  Davidson. 

Parish  of  Natchitoches,  Messrs.  A.  H.  Pierson  and  Jules  Som- 
payrac. 

Parish  of  Winn,  Mr.  David  Pierson. 

Parish  of  DeSoto,  Messrs.  Joseph  B.  Elam  and  Y.  W.  Graves. 

Parish  of  Caddo,  Messrs.  George  Williamson  and  Leon  D.  Marks. 

Parish  of  Bossier,  Thomas  J.  Caldwell  and  Henderson  McFarland. 

Parish  of  Claiborne,  Messrs.  James  Thomasson  and  Nelson  J.  Scott. 

Parish  of  Bienville,  Mr.  Felix  Lewis. 

Parish  of  Jackson,  Mr.  William  B.  Warren. 

Parish  of  Union,  Messrs.  Sidney  H.  Griffin  and  William  C.  Carr. 

Parish  of  Morehouse,  Mr.  Robert  B.  Todd. 

Parish  of  Oi"iachita,  Mr.  Isaiah  Garrett. 

Parish  of  Caldwell,  Mr.  Cicero  C.  Meredith. 

Parish  of  Franklin,  Mr.  Allen  Bonner. 

Parish  of  Orleans,  First  Representative  District,  Messrs.  Thomas 
J.  Semmes,  Isaac  N.  Marks  and  Benjamin  S.  Tappan. 

Second  Representative  District,  Messrs.  Joseph  A.  Rozier  and  W.  T. 
Stocker. 

Third  Representative  District,  Messrs.  James  McCloskey,  Robert 
W.  Estlin  and  J.  B.  Slawson. 

Fourth  Representative  District,  Mr.  M.  0.  H.  Norton. 

Fifth  Representative  District,  Messrs.  Joseph  Hernandez  and 
Bernard  Avegno. 

Sixth  Representative  District,  Mr.  John  Pemberton. 


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CONVENTION  OF  1861.  113 

Seventh  Representative  District,  Messrs.  George  Clark  and  Edward 
Bermudez. 

Eighth  Representative  District,  Mr.  Octave  LeBlanc. 

Ninth  Representative  District,  Mr.  P.  Sever  Wiltz. 

Tenth  Representative  District,  Messrs.  "William  R.  Miles,  William 
M.  Perkins  and  Alexander  Walker. 

Permanent  organization  was  effected  on  the  same  date  by  the  elec- 
tion of  the  Hon.  Alexander  Mouton,  as  President,  and  Mr.  J.  T.  Wheat, 

as  Secretary. 

^  *  *  *  * 

The  President,  in  pursuance  of  a  resolution  adopted  by  the  Con- 
vention, appointed  the  following  as  the  Committee  of  Fifteen,  whose 
object  is  to  draw  an  ordinance  providing  for  the  withdrawal  of  the 
State  of  Louisiana  from  the  Eederal  Union: 

Hon.  John  Perkins,  of  Tensas.  A.  Provosty,  of  Pointe  Coupee. 

A.  DeClouet,  of  St.  Martin.  W.  R.  Miles,  of  Orleans. 

A.  B.  Roman,  of  St.  James.  J.  L.  Lewis,  of  Claiborne. 

Edward  Sparrow,  of  Carroll.  A.  Talbot,  of  Iberville. 

Isaiah  Garrett,  of  Ouachita.  W.R.Barrow, of  West  Feliciana. 

Thomas  J.  Semmes,  of  Orleans.  Jno.  K.  Elgee,  of  Rapides. 

L.  J.  Dupre,  of  St.  Landry.  Christian  Roselius,  of  Jefferson. 
G.  M.  Williamson,  of  Caddo. 

On  Saturday,  January  26th,  1861,  The  Ordinance  of  Secession, 
reported  by  Mr.  Perkins,  chairman  of  the  Committee  of  Fifteen,  was 
called  up  and  adopted. 

The  ayes  and  nays  were  as  follows: 

Messrs.  Adams,  Anderson,  Avegno,  Barbin,  Barrow,  Bermudez, 
Bonford,  Bonner,  Briscoe,  Burton,  Bush,  Butler,  Caldwell,  Cannon, 
Carr,  Clark,  Cook,  Connelly,  Conner  of  Concordia,  Conner  of  St.  Tam- 
many, Davidson  of  Livingston,  Davidson  of  Sabine,  Declouet,  DeBlanc, 
Dorsey,  Duffel,  Dupre,  Elam,  Elgee,  Estlin,  Fuselier,  Fuqua,  Gladden, 
Graves,  Gray,  Gill,  Girard,  Griffin,  Hernandez,  Herron,  Hodge,  Hodges, 
Hollingsworth,  Johnson,  Kennedy,  Kidd,  Labatut,  Lawrence,  Lagroue, 
LeBlanc,  Lewis  of  Bienville,  Lewis  of  Claiborne,  Manning,  Marshall, 
Marrero,  Marks  of  Caddo,  Marks  of  Orleans,  Martin  of  Assumption, 
Martin  of  Carroll,  Magee,  Miles,  Michel,  Miller,  Moore,  McCloskey, 
McCollom,  McFarland,  McKneely,  Norton,  Olivier,  O'Bryan,  Patterson, 
Perkins  of  Lafourche,  Perkins  of  Madison,  Perkins  of  Orleans,  Peck, 
Pemberton,  Pierson,  Pike,  Polk,  Pope,  Provosty,  Pugh,  Richardson, 
Slawson,  Smart,  Swayze,  Semmes,  Stewart,  Sparrow,  Sompayrac,  Scott 
of  Claiborne,  Scott  of  East  Feliciana,  Smith,  Tappan,  Talbot,  Taylor 
of  St.  Charles,  Taylor  of  St.  Landry,  Texada,  Thomasson,  Todd,  Towles 
Tucker,  Valentine,  Warren,  Walker.  Williams  of  East  Baton  Rouge, 
Williams  of  St.  Helena,  Williamson,  Wilkinson,  Wiltz  and  York. — 
112  yeas. 

Nays:       Bienvienu,    Cottman,    Gardere,    Garrett,    Gaudet,    Hough, 


114  CONVENTION  OP  1861. 

LeBourgeois,  Lewis,  of  Orleans;  Melancon,  Meredith,  Pierson,  of  Winn; 
Roman,  Roselius,  Rozier,   Stocker,   Taliaferro,  Verret. — Total,  17  nays. 

On  motion,  by  Mr.  Moore,  the  rules  were  suspended  and  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  convention,  Hon.  A.  Mouton,  was  permitted  to  give  his  vote 
on  the  adoption  of  the  ordinance,  which  he  accordingly  did  in  the 
affirmative,  making  the  result  as  follows,  viz:     113  yeas  to  17  nays. 

The  whole  number  of  votes  cast  being  130. 

Upon  the  result  of  the  vote  just  taken  being  announced,  the  Presi- 
dent then  proclaimed  the  following  declaration: 

"In  virtue  of  the  vote  just  announced,  I  now  declare  the  connection 
between  the  State  of  Louisiana  and  the  Federal  Union  dissolved,  and 
that  she  is  a  free,  sovereign,  and  independent  power." 

The  Convention,  on  that  day,  adjourned,  to  meet  at  the  City  Hall, 
in  New  Orleans,  on  Tuesday,  January  29th,  1861,  and  their  proceedings 
were  thereafter  held  in  that  city. 

The  flag  of  the  Independent  State  of  Louisiana  (see  opposite  page) 
was  adopted  February  11th,  1861,  and  on  February  12th,  1861,  the  Con- 
vention proceeded  in  a  body  to  Lafayette  Square  for  the  purpose  of 
inaugurating  and  saluting  the  "National  Flag  of  Louisiana."  The 
military  of  the  city  were  there  drawn  up,  the  flag  run  up  on  the  flag- 
staff of  the  City  Hall  and,  at  the  same  moment,  a  salute  of  twenty-one 
guns  of  artillery  fired. 

The  Convention  adopted  the  State  Constitution  of  1852,  making 
such  changes  as  were  requisite  and  necessary  to  conform  to  the  Consti- 
tution of  the  Confederate  States  of  America,  and  on  Saturday,  March 
23rd,  1861,  adjourned  without  day. 


Constitution  of  1864. 


Adopted   in   Convention,   July  23,   1864. 


PREAMBLE. 


We^  the  People  of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  do  ordain  and  establish 
this  Constitution. 

TITLE  I. 

EMANCIPATION. 

Article  1.  Slavery  and  involuntary  servitude,  except  as  a  punish- 
ment for  crime,  whereof  the  party  shall  have  been  duly  convicted,  are 
hereby  forever  abolished  and  prohibited  throughout  the  State. 

Art.  2.  The  Legislature  shall  make  no  law  recognizing  the  right  of 
property  in  man. 

TITLE  II. 

DISTRIBUTION  OF  POWERS. 

Art.  3.  The  powers  of  the  Government  of  the  State  of  Louisiana 
shall  be  divided  into  three  distinct  departments,  and  each  of  them  shall 
be  confined  to  a  separate  body  of  magistracy,  to-wit:  those  which  are 
legislative  to  one,  those  which  are  executive  to  another,  and  those  which 
are  judicial  to  another. 

Art.  4.  No  one  of  these  departments,  nor  any  person  holding  office 
in  one  of  them,  shall  exercise  power  properly  belonging  to  either  of  the 
others,  except  in  the  instances  hereinafter  expressly  directed  or  per- 
mitted. 

TITLE  III. 

LEGISLATIVE   DEPARTMET. 

Art.  5.  The  legislative  power  of  the  State  shall  be  vested  in  two 
distinct  branches,  the  one  to  be  styled  "the  House  of  Representatives," 
the  other  "the  Senate,"  and  both  "the  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of 
Louisiana." 

Art.  6.  The  members  of  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  con- 
tinue in  service  for  the  term  of  two  years  from  the  day  of  the  closing 
of  the  general  elections. 

Art.   7.     Representatives   shall  be  chosen   on  the  first  Monday  in 


118  CONSTITUTION   OF   1864. 

November  every  two  years,  and  the  election  shall  be  completed  in  one 
day.  The  General  Assembly  shall  meet  annually  on  the  first  Monday  in 
January,  unless  a  different  day  be  appointed  by  law,  and  their  sessions 
shall  be  held  at  the  seat  of  Government.  There  shall  also  be  a  session  of 
the  General  Assembly  in  the  city  of  New  Orleans,  beginning  on  the  first 
Monday  of  October,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-four;  and  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  Governor  to  cause  a  special  election  to  be  held  for  members 
of  the  General  Assembly,  in  all  the  parishes  where  the  same  may  be 
held,  on  the  day  of  the  election  for  ratification  or  rejection  of  this 
Constitution — to  be  valid  in  case  of  ratification;  and  in  other  parishes 
or  districts  he  shall  cause  elections  to  be  held  as  soon  as  it  may  become 
practicable,  to  fill  the  vacancies  for  such  parishes  or  districts  in  the 
General  Assembly.  The  term  of  office  of  the  first  General  Assembly  shall 
expire  as  though  its  members  had  been  elected  on  the  first  Monday  of 
November,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-three. 

Art.  8.  Every  duly  qualified  elector  under  this  Constitution  shall 
be  eligible  to  a  seat  in  the  General  Assembly;  Provided,  That  no  person 
shall  be  a  Representative  or  Senator  unless  he  be,  at  the  time  of  his 
election,  a  duly  qualified  voter  of  the  Representative  or  Senatorial 
District  from  which  he  is  elected. 

Art.  9.  Elections  for  the  members  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  be 
held  at  the  several  election  precincts  established  by  law. 

Art.  10.  Representation  in  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  be 
equal  and  uniform,  and  shall  be  regulated  and  ascertained  by  the 
number  of  qualified  electors.  Each  parish  shall  have  at  least  one  Repre- 
sentative. No  new  parish  shall  be  created  with  a  territory  less  than  six 
hundred  and  twenty-five  square  miles,  nor  with  a  number  of  electors  less 
than  the  full  number  entitling  it  to  a  Representative;  nor  when  the 
creation  of  such  new  parish  would  leave  any  other  parish  without  the 
said  extent  of  territory  and  number  of  electors.  The  first  enumeration 
by  the  State  authorities,  under  this  Constitution,  shall  be  made  in  the 
year  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-six,  the  second  in  the  year  eighteen 
hundred  and  seventy,  the  third  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy- 
six;  af'.er  which  time  the  General  Assembly  shall  direct  in  what  manner 
the  cemms  shall  be  taken,  so  that  it  be  made  at  least  once  in  every  period 
of  ten  years,  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  the  total  population,  and  the 
number  of  qualified  electors  in  each  parish  and  election  district;  and  in 
case  of  informality,  omission  or  error  in  the  census  returns  from  any 
district,  the  Txjgislature  shall  order  a  new  census  taken  in  such  parish 
or  election  district. 

Art.  11.  At  the  first  session  of  the  Legislature  after  the  making 
of  each  enumeration,  the  Legislature  shall  apportion  the  representatives 
aTnongst  the  several  parishes  and  election  districts  on  the  basis  of 
qualified  electors  as  aforesaid.  A  representative  number  shall  be  fixed, 
and  each  parish  and  election  district  shall  have  as  many  Representatives 
as  the  aggregate  number  of  its  electors  will  entitle  it  to,  and  an  addi- 
tional Representative  for  any  fraction  exceeding  one-half  the  representa- 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1864. 


119 


tive  number.  The  number  of  Representatives  shall  not  be  more  than 
one  hundred  and  twenty  nor  less  than  ninety. 

Art.  12.  Until  an  apportionment  shall  be  made,  and  elections  held 
under  the  same,  in  accordance  with  the  first  enumeration  to  be  made,  as 
directed  in  article  10,  the  representation  in  the  Senate  and  House  of 
Representatives  shall  be  as  follows : 

For  the  parish  of  Orleans,  forty-four  Representatives,  to  be  elected 
as  follows: 


'6 


First  Representative  District.  . . 
Second  Representative  District. 
Third  Representative  District.  . 
Fourth  Representative  District. 
Fifth  Representative  District..  . 
Sixth  Representative  District.. 
Seventh  Representative  District 
Eighth  Representative  District. 
Ninth  Representative  District. 
Tenth  Representative  District. 

Orleans,   Right   Bank 

The  parish  of  Livingston 1 

The  parish  of  St.  Tammany.  ..  .   1 
The  parish  of  Pointe  Coupee .  . .   1 

The  parish  of  St.  Martin 2 

The  parish  of  Concordia 1 

The  parish  of  Madison 1 

The  parish  of  Franklin 1 

The  parish  of  St.  Mary 1 

The  parish  of  Jefferson 3 

The  parish  of  Plaquemines 1 

The  parish  of  St.  Bernard 1 

The  parish  of  St.  Charles 1 

The  parish  of  St.  John  the  Baptist  1 

The  parish  of  St.  James 1 

The  parish  of  Ascension 1 

The  parish  of  Assumption " 

The  parish  of  Lafourche 3 

The  parish  of  Terrebonne 2 


The  parish  of  Iberville 1 

The  parish  of  West  Baton  Rouge  1 
The  parish  of  East  Baton  Rouge  2 
The  parish  of  West  Feliciana ...  1 
The  parish  of  East  Feliciana.  ..  1 

The  parish  of  Washington 1 

The  parish  of  St.  Helena 1 

The  parish  of  Vermilion 1 

The  parish  of  Lafayette 2 

The  parish  of  St.  Landry 4 

The  parish  of  Calcasieu 2 

The  parish  of  Avoyelles 2 

The  parish  of  Rapides 3 

The  parish  of  Natchitoches 2 

The  parish  of  Sabine 1 

The  parish  of  Caddo 2 

The  parish  of  DeSoto 2 

The  Parish  of  Ouachita 1 

The  parish  of  Union 2 

The  parish   of  Morehouse 1 

The  parish  of  Jackson 2 

The  parish  of  Caldwell 1 

The  parish  of  Catahoula 2 

The  parish  of  Claiborne 3 

The  parish  of  Bossier 1 

The  parish  of  Bienville 2 

The  parish  of  Carroll 1 

The  parish  of  Tensas    I 

The  parish  of  Winn 3 


Total    118 

And  the  State  shall  be  divided  into  the  following  Senatorial 
Districts : 

All  that  portion  of  the  parish  of  Orleans  lying  on  the  left  bank  nf 
the  Mississippi  river  shall  be  divided  into  two  Senatorial  Districts;  the 
First  and  Fourth  Districts  of  the  city  of  New  Orleans  shall  compose  ore 
district,  and  shall  elect  five  Senators;  and  the  Second  and  Third  Districts 
of  said  city  shall  compose  the  other  district,  and  shall  elect  four 
Senators. 


120  CONSTITUTION  OF   1864. 

The  parishes  of  Plquemines,  St.  Bernard,  aud  all  that  part  of  the 
parish  of  Orleans  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Mississippi  river,  shall  form 
one  district,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

The  parish  of  Jefferson  shall  form  one  district,  and  shall  elect  one 
Senator. 

The  parishes  of  St.  Charles  and  Lafourche  shall  form  one  district, 
and  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

The  parishes  of  St.  John  the  Baptist  and  St.  James  shall  form  one 
district,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

The  parishes  of  Ascension,  Assumption  and  Terrebonne  shall  form 
one  district,  and  shall  elect  two  Senators. 

The  parish  of  Iberville  shall  form  one  district,  and  shall  elect  one 
Senator. 

The  parish  of  East  Baton  Eouge  shall  form  one  district,  and  shall 
elect  one  Senator. 

The  parishes  of  West  Baton  Rouge,  Pointe  Coupee  and  West  Feli- 
ciana shall  form  one  district,  and  shall  elect  two  Senators. 

The  parish  of  East  Feliciana  shall  form  one  district,  and  shall  elect 
one  Senator. 

The  parishes  of  Washington,  St.  Tammany,  St.  Helena  and  Living- 
ston shall  form  one  district,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

The  parishes  of  Concordia  and  Tensas  shall  form  one  district,  and 
shall  elect  one  Senator. 

The  parishes  of  Madison  and  Carroll  shall  form  one  district,  and 
shall  elect  one  Senator. 

The  parishes  of  Morehouse,  Ouachita,  Union  and  Jackson  shall 
form  one  district,  and  shall  elect  two  Senators. 

The  parishes  of  Catahoula,  Caldwell  and  Franklin  shall  form  one 
district,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

The  parishes  of  Bossier,  Bienville,  Claiborne  and  Winn  shall  form 
one  district,  and  shall  elect  two  Senators. 

The  parishes  of  Natchitoches,  Sabine,  DeSoto  and  Caddo  shall  form 
one  district,  and  shall  elect  two  Senators. 

The  parishes  of  St.  Landry,  Lafayette  and  Calcasieu  shall  form  one 
district,  and  shall  elect  two  Senators. 

The  parishes  of  St.  Martin  and  Vermilion  shall  form  one  district, 
and  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

The  parish  of  St.  Mary  shall  form  one  district,  and  shall  elect  one 
Senator. 

The  parishes  of  Rapides  and  Avoyelles  shall  form  one  district,  and 
shall  elect  two  Senators. 

Art.  13.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  choose  its  Speaker 
and  other  officers. 

Art.  14.  Every  white  male  who  has  attained  the  age  of  twenty-one 
years,  and  who  has  been  a  resident  of  the  State  twelve  months  next  pre- 
ceding the  election,  and  the  last  three  months  thereof  in  the  parish  in 


CONSTITUTION   OF   1864.  12.1 

which  he  offers  to  vote,  and  who  shall  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States, 
shall  have  the  right  of  voting. 

Art.  15.  The  Legislature  shall  have  power  to  pass  laws  extending 
suffrage  to  such  other  persons,  citizens  of  the  United  States,  as  by 
military  service,  by  taxation  to  support  the  Government,  or  by  intel- 
lectual fitness,  may  be  deemed  entitled  thereto. 

Art.  16.  No  voter,  on  removing  from  one  parish  to  another  within 
the  State,  shall  lose  the  right  of  voting  in  the  former  until  he  shall  have 
acquired  it  in  the  latter.  Electors  shall,  in  all  cases,  except  treason, 
felony  or  breach  of  the  peace,  be  privileged  from  arrest  during  their 
attendance  at,  going  to,  or  returning  from  elections. 

Art.  17.  The  Legislature  shall  provide  by  law  that  the  names  and 
residence  of  all  qualified  electors  shall  be  registered  in  order  to  entitle 
them  to  vote;  but  the  registry  shall  be  free  of  cost  to  the  elector. 

Art.  18.  No  pauper,  no  person  under  interdiction,  nor  under  con- 
viction of  any  crime  punishable  with  hard  labor,  shall  be  entitled  to 
vote  at  any  election  in  this  State. 

Art.  19.  No  person  shall  be  entitled  to  vote  at  any  election  held 
in  this  State  except  in  the  parish  of  his  residence,  and,  in  cities  and 
towns  divided  into  election  precincts,  in  the  election  precinct  in  which 
he  resides. 

Art.  20.  The  members  of  the  Senate  shall  be  chosen  for  the  term 
of  four  years.  The  Senate,  when  assembled,  shall  have  the  power  to 
choose  its  own  officers. 

Art.  21.  The  Legislature,  in  every  year  in  which  they  apportion 
representation  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  shall  divide  the  State 
into  Senatorial  districts. 

Art.  22.  No  parish  shall  be  divided  in  the  formation  of  a  Sena- 
torial District,  the  parish  of  Orleans  excepted.  And  whenever  a  new 
parish  shall  be  created,  it  shall  be  attached  to  the  Senatorial  District 
from  which  most  of  its  territory  was  taken,  or  to  another  contiguous 
district,  at  the  discretion  of  the  Legislature;  but  shall  not  be  attached  to 
more  than  one  district.  The  number  of  Senators  shall  be  thirty-six; 
and  they  shall  be  apportioned  among  the  Senatorial  Districts  according 
to  the  electoral  population  contained  in  the  several  districts;  Provided, 
That  no  parish  be  entitled  to  more  than  nine  Senators. 

Art.  23.  In  all  apportionments  of  the  Senate,  the  electoral  popula- 
tion of  the  whole  State  shall  be  divided  by  the  number  thirty-six,  and 
the  result  produced  by  this  division  shall  be  the  Senatorial  ratio  entitling 
a  Senatorial  District  to  a  Senator.  Single  or  contiguous  parishes  shall 
be  formed  into  districts,  having  a  population  the  nearest  possible  to  the 
number  entitling  a  district  to  a  Senator;  and  if  the  apportionment  to 
make  a  parish  or  district  fall  short  of  or  exceed  the  ratio,  then  a  district 
may  be  formed  having  not  more  than  two  Senators,  but  not  otherwise. 
No  new  apportionment  shall  have  the  effect  of  abridging  the  term  of 
service  of  any  Senator  already  elected  at  the  time  of  making  the  appor- 
tionment.   After  an  enumeration  has  been  made,  as  directed  in  the  tenth 


122  CONSTITUTION   OF   1864. 

article,  the  Legislature  shall  not  pass  any  law  until  an  apportionment  of 
representation  in  both  houses  of  the  General  Assembly  be  made. 

Art.  24.  At  the  first  session  of  the  General  Assembly,  after  this 
Constitution  takes  effect,  the  Senators  shall  be  equally  divided  by  lot, 
into  two  classes;  the  seats  of  the  Senators  of  the  first  class  shall  be 
vacated  at  the  expiration  of  the  term  of  the  first  House  of  Representa- 
tives; of  the  second  class  at  the  expiration  of  the  term  of  the  second 
House  of  Representatives;  so  that  one-half  shall  be  chosen  every  two 
years,  and  a  rotation  thereby  kept  up  perpetually.  In  case  any  district 
shall  have  elected  two  or  more  Senators,  said  Senators  shall  vacate  their 
seats  respectively  at  the  end  of  the  term  aforesaid,  and  lots  shall  be 
drawn  between  them. 

Art.  25.  The  first  election  for  Senators  shall  be  held  at  the  same 
time  that  the  election  for  Representatives  is  held;  and  thereafter  there 
shall  be  elections  of  Senators  at  the  same  time  with  each  general  election 
of  Representatives,  to  fill  the  places  of  those  Senators  whose  term  of 
service  may  have  expired. 

Art.  26.  Not  less  than  a  majority  of  the  members  of  each  house  of 
the  General  Assembly  shall  form  a  quorum  to  do  business;  but  a  smaller 
number  may  adjourn  from  day  to  day,  and  shall  be  authorized  by  law  to 
compel  the  attendance  of  absent  members. 

Art.  27.  Each  house  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  judge  of  the 
qualifications,  elections  and  return  of  its  members;  but  a  contested 
election  shall  be  determined  in  such  a  manner  as  shall  be  directed  by 
law. 

Art.  28.  Each  house  of  the  General  Assembly  may  determine  the 
rules  of  its  proceeding,  punish  a  member  for  disorderly  behavior,  and, 
with  a  concurrence  of  two-thirds,  expel  a  member;  but  not  a  second  time 
for  the  same  offense. 

Art.  29.  Each  house  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  keep  and 
publish  weekly  a  journal  of  its  proceedings ;  and  the  yeas  and  nays  of  the 
members  on  any  question  shall,  at  the  desire  of  any  two  of  them,  be 
entered  on  the  journal. 

Art.  30.  Each  house  may  punish,  by  imprisonment,  any  person  not 
a  member,  for  disrespectful  and  disorderly  behavior  in  its  presence,  or 
for  obstructing  any  of  its  proceedings.  Such  imprisonment  shall  not 
exceed  ten  days  for  any  one  offense. 

Art.  31.  Neither  house,  during  the  sessions  of  the  General 
Assembly,  shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  other,  adjourn  for  more  than 
three  days,  nor  to  any  other  place  than  that  in  which  they  may  be 
sitting. 

Art.  32.  The  members  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  receive  from 
the  public  treasury  a  compensation  for  their  services,  which  shall  be  eight 
dollars  per  day,  during  their  attendance,  going  to  and  returning  from  the 
sessions  of  their  respective  houses.  The  compensation  may  be  increased 
or  diminished,  by  law,  but  no  alteration  shall  take  effect  during  the 
period  of  service  of  the  members  of  the  House  of  Representatives  by 


CONSTITUTION   OF   1864.  123 

whom  such  alteration  shall  have  been  made.  No  session  shall  extend  to 
a  period  beyond  sixty  days,  to  date  from  its  commencement,  and  any 
legislative  action  had  after  the  expiration  of  the  said  sixty  days  shall  be 
null  and  void.  This  provision  shall  not  apply  to  the  first  Legislature 
which  is  to  convene  after  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution. 

Art.  33.  The  members  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  in  all  cases, 
except  treason,  felony,  breach  of  the  peace,  be  privileged  from  arrest 
during  their  attendance  at  the  sessions  of  their  respective  houses,  and 
going  to  or  returning  from  the  same;  and  for  any  speech  or  debate  in 
either  house  shall  not  be  questioned  in  any  other  place. 

Art.  34.  No  Senator  or  Representative  shall,  during  the  term  for 
which  he  was  elected,  nor  for  one  year  thereafter,  be  appointed  to  any 
civil  office  of  profit  under  this  State,  which  shall  have  been  created,  or  the 
emoluments  of  which  -shall  have  been  increased  during  the  time  such 
Senator  or  Representative  was  in  office,  except  to  such  offices  as  may  be 
filled  by  the  election  of  the  people. 

Art.  35.  No  person,  who  at  any  time  may  have  been  a  collector  of 
taxes,  whether  State,  parish  or  municipal,  or  who  may  have  been  other- 
wise intrusted  with  public  money,  shall  be  eligible  to  the  General 
Assembly,  or  to  any  office  of  profit  or  trust,  under  the  State  Government, 
until  he  shall  have  obtained  a  discharge  for  the  amount  of  such  collec- 
tions, and  for  all  public  moneys  with  which  he  may  have  been  intrusted. 

Art.  36.  No  person,  while  he  continues  to  exercise  the  functions 
of  a  clergyman  of  any  religious  denomination  whatever,  shall  be  eligible 
to  the  General  Assembly. 

Art.  37.  No  bill  shall  liave  the  force  of  a  law  until,  on  three  several 
days,  it  be  read  over  in  each  house  of  the  General  Assembly,  and  free 
discussion  allowed  thereon ;  unless  in  case  of  urgency,  four-fifths  of  the 
house,  where  the  bill  shall  be  pending,  may  deem  it  expedient  to  dispense 
with  this  rule. 

Art.  38.  All  bills  for  raising  revenue  shall  originate  in  the  House 
of  Representatives;  but  the  Senate  may  propose  amendments,  as  in  other 
bills;  provided,  they  shall  not  introduce  any  new  matter,  under  the  color 
of  an  amendment,  which  does  not  relate  to  raising  revenue. 

Art.  39.  The  General  Assembly  shall  regulate,  by  law,  by  whom, 
and  in  what  manner,  writs  of  election  shall  be  issued  to  fill  the  vacancies 
which  may  happen  in  either  branch  thereof. 

Art.  40.  The  Senate  shall  vote  on  the  confirmation  of  the  officers, 
to  be  appointed  by  the  Governor,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
Senate,  by  yeas  and  nays;  and  the  names  of  the  Senators  voting  for  and 
against  the  appointments,  respectively,  shall  be  entered  on  a  journal  to  be 
kept  for  that  purpose,  and  made  public  at  the  end  of  each  session,  or 
before. 

Art.  41.  Returns  of  all  elections  for  members  of  the  General 
Assembly  shall  be  made  to  the  Secretary  of  State. 

Art.  42.  In  the  year  in  which  a  regular  election  for  a  Senator  of 
the  United  States  is  to  take  place,  the  members  of  the  General  Assembly 


124  CONSTITUTION  OF  1864. 

shall  meet  in  the  hall  of  the  House  of  Eepresentatives,  on  the  second 
Monday  following  the  meeting  of  the  Legislature,  and  proceed  to  said 
election. 

TITLE  IV. 

EXECUTIVE   DEPARTMENT. 

Art.  43.  The  supreme  executive  power  of  the  State  shall  be  vested 
in  a  chief  magistrate,  who  shall  be  styled  the  Governor  of  the  State  of 
Louisiana.  He  shall  hold  his  office  during  the  term  of  four  years,  and, 
together  with  the  Lieutenant  Governor,  chosen  for  the  same  term,  be 
elected  as  follows:  The  qualified  electors  for  Eepresentatives  shall  vote 
for  Governor  and  Lieutenant  Governor  at  the  time  and  place  of  voting 
for  Representatives;  the  returns  of  every  election  shall  be  sealed  up  and 
transmitted  by  the  proper  returning  officer  to  the  Secretary  of  State,  who 
shall  deliver  them  to  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives  on 
the  second  day  of  the  session  of  the  General  Assembly  then  to  be  holden. 
The  members  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  meet  in  the  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives to  examine  and  count  the  votes.  The  person  having  the 
greatest  number  of  votes  for  Governor  shall  be  declared  duly  elected; 
but,  if  two  or  more  persons  shall  be  equal  and  the  highest  in  the  number 
votes  polled  for  Governor,  one  of  them  shall  immediately  be  chosen 
Governor  by  joint  vote  of  the  members  of  the  General  Assembly.  The 
person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  polled  for  Lieutenant  Gover- 
nor shall  be  Lieutenant  Governor;  but,  if  two  or  more  persons  shall  be 
equal  and  highest  in  the  number  of  votes  polled  for  Lieutenant  Governor, 
one  of  them  shall  be  immediately  chosen  Lietenant  Governor  by  joint 
vote  of  the  members  of  the  General  Assembly. 

Art.  44.  No  person  shall  be  eligible  to  the  office  of  Governor  or 
Lientenant  Governor  who  shall  not  have  attained  the  age  of  thirty-five 
years,  and  been  a  citizen  and  resident  within  the  State  for  the  period  of 
five  years  next  preceding  his  election. 

Art.  45.  The  Governor  shall  enter  on  the  discharge  of  his  duties 
on  the  second  Monday  of  January  next  ensuing  his  election,  and  shall 
continue  in  office  until  the  Monday  next  succeeding  the  day  that  his  suc- 
cessor shall  be  declared  duly  elected,  and  shall  have  taken  the  oath  or 
affirmation  required  by  the  Constitution. 

Art.  46.  No  member  of  Congress,  minister  of  any  religious  denom- 
ination, or  any  person  holding  office  under  the  United  States  Govern- 
ment, shall  be  eligible  to  (he  office  of  Governor  or  Lieutenant  Governor. 

Art.  4Y.  In  case  of  impeachment  of  the  Governor,  his  removal  from 
office,  death,  refusal  or  inability  to  qualify,  resignation  or  absence  from 
the  State,  the  powers  and  duties  of  the  office  shall  devolve  upon  the 
Lieutenant  Governor  for  the  residue  of  the  term,  or  until  the  Governor, 
absent  or  impeached,  shall  return  or  be  acquitted.  The  Legislature  may 
provide  by  law  for  the  case  of  removal,  impeachment,  death,  resignation, 
disability  or  refusal  to  qualify  of  both  the  Governor  and  the  Lieutenant 
Governor,  declaring  what  officer  shall  act  as  Governor;  and  such  officer 


CONSTITUTION  OF   1864.  125 

shall  act  accordingly  until  the  disability  be  removed,  or  for  the  remainder 
of  the  term. 

Art.  48.  The  Lieutenant  Governor,  or  officer  discharging  the  duties 
of  Governor,  shall,  during  his  administration,  receive  the  same  compen- 
sation to  which  the  Governor  would  have  been  entitled  had  he  continued 
in  office. 

Art.  49.  The  Lieutenant  Governor  shall,  by  virtue  of  his  office,  be 
President  of  the  Senate,  but  shall  have  only  a  casting  vote  therein. 
Whenever  he  shall  administer  the  Government,  or  shall  be  unable  to 
attend  as  President  of  the  Senate,  the  Senators  shall  elect  one  of  their 
own  members  as  President  of  the  Senate  for  the  time  being. 

Art.  50.  The  Governor  shall  receive  for  his  services  a  compensation 
of  eight  thousand  dollars  per  annum,  payable  quarterly,  on  his  own  war- 
rant. 

Art.  51.  The  Lieutenant  Governor  shall  receive  for  his  services  a 
salary  of  five  thousand  dollars  per  annum,  to  be  paid  quarterly. 

Art.  52.  The  Governor  shall  have  power  to  grant  reprieves  for  all 
offenses  against  the  State,  and,  except  in  cases  of  impeachment,  shall, 
with  the  consent  of  the  Senate,  have  power  to  grant  pardons,  remit  fines 
and  forfeitures,  after  conviction.  In  cases  of  treason  he  may  grant 
reprieves  until  the  end  of  the  next  session  of  the  General  Assembly,  in 
which  the  power  of  pardoning  shall  be  vested. 

Art.  53.  He  shall  be  commander  in  chief  of  the  militia  of  this 
State,  except  when  they  shall  be  called  into  the  service  of  the  United 
States. 

Art.  54.  He  shall  nominate  and,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  con- 
sent of  the  Senate,  appoint  all  officers  whose  offices  are  established  by  the 
Constitution,  and  whose  appointments  are  not  herein  otherwise  provided 
for;  provided,  however,  that  the  Legislature  shall  have  a  right  to  pre- 
scribe the  mode  of  appointment  to  all  other  offices  established  by  law. 

Art.  55.  The  Governor  shall  have  power  to  fill  vacancies  that  may 
happen  during  the  recess  of  the  Senate,  by  granting  commissions  which 
shall  expire  at  the  end  of  the  next  session  thereof,  unless  otherwise  pro- 
vided for  in  this  Constitution ;  but  no  person  who  has  been  nominated 
for  office  and  rejected  by  the  Senate  shall  be  appointed  to  the  same  offic-^ 
during  the  recess  of  the  Senate. 

Art.  56.  He  may  require  information  in  writing  from  the  officers 
in  the  executive  department  upon  any  subject  relating  to  the  duties  of 
their  respective  offices. 

Art.  57.  He  shall,  from  time  to  time,  give  to  the  General  Assembly 
information  respecting  the  situation  of  the  State,  and  recommend  to 
their  consideration  such  measures  as  he  may  deem  expedient. 

Art.  58.  He  may,  on  extraordinary  occasions,  convene  the  General 
Assembly  at  the  seat  of  Government,  or  at  a  different  place,  if  that  should 
have  become  dangerous  from  an  enemy  or  from  epidemic;  and,  in  case 
of  disagreement  between  the  two  houses  as  to  the  time  of  adjournment, 


126  CONSTITUTION   OF   1864. 

he  may  adjourn  them  to  such  time  as  he  may  think  proper,  not  exceeding 
four  months. 

Art.  59.     He  shall  take  care  that  the  laws  are  faithfully  executed. 

Art.  60.  Every  bill  which  shall  have  passed  both  houses  shall  bo 
presented  to  the  Governor;  if  he  approve,  he  shall  sign  it;  if  not,  he  shall 
return  it  with  his  objections  to  the  house  in  which  it  originated,  which 
shall  enter  the  objections  at  large  upon  its  journal  and  proceed  to  consider 
it;  if,  after  such  consideration,  two-thirds  of  all  the  members  elected  to 
that  house  shall  agree  i  ass  the  bill,  it  shall  be  sent, with  the  objections, 
to  the  other  house,  by  which  it  shall  be  likewise  considered,  and,  if 
approved  by  two-thirds  of  the  members  elected  to  that  house,  it  shall 
be  a  law;  but,  in  such  cases,  the  vote  of  both  houses  shall  be  determined 
by  yeas  and  nays,  and  the  names  of  the  ruembers  voting  for  or  against 
the  bill  shall  be  entered  on  the  journal  of  each  house  respectively.  If 
any  bill  shall  not  be  returned  by  the  Governor  within  ten  days  (Sundays 
excepted)  after  it  shall  have  been  presented  to  him,  it  shall  be  a  law  in 
like  manner  as  if  he  had  signed  it;  unless  the  General  Assembly,  by 
adjournment,  prevents  its  return. 

Art.  61.  Every  order,  resolution  or  vote,  to  which  the  concurrence 
of  both  houses  may  be  necessary,  except  on  a  question  of  adjournment, 
shall  be  presented  to  the  Governor,  and  before  it  shall  take  effect,  be 
approved  by  him,  or,  being  disapproved,  shall  be  repassed  by  two-thirds 
of  the  members  elected  to  each  house  of  the  General  Assembly. 

Art.  62,  There  shall  be  a  Secretary  of  State,  who  shall  hold  his 
ofHce  during  the  term  for  which  the  Governor  shall  have  been  elected. 
The  records  of  the  State  shall  be  kept  and  preserved  in  the  office  of  the 
Secretary;  he  shall  keep  a  fair  register  of  the  official  acts  and  proceedings 
of  the  Governor,  and  when  necessary  shall  attest  them;  he  shall,  when 
required,  lay  the  said  register  and  all  papers,  minutes  and  vouchers  rela- 
tive to  his  office,  before  either  house  of  the  General  Assembly,  and  shall 
perform  such  other  duties  as  may  be  enjoined  on  him  by  law. 

Art.  63.  There  shall  be  a  Treasurer  of  the  State  ,and  an  Auditor 
of  Public  Accounts,  who  shall  hold  their  respective  offices  during  the 
term  of  four  years. 

Art.  64.  The  Secretary  of  State,  Treasurer  of  the  State  and 
Auditor  of  Public  Accounts  shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  electors  of 
the  State;  and  in  case  of  any  vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation,  death 
or  absence  of  the  Secretary,  Treasurer  or  Auditor,  the  Governor  shall 
order  an  election  to  fill  said  vacancy. 

Art.  65.  The  Secretary  of  State,  the  Treasurer  and  the  Auditor 
shall  receive  a  salary  of  five  thousand  dollars  per  annum  each. 

Art.  66.  All  commissions  shall  be  in  the  name  and  by  the  author- 
ity of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  and  shall  be  sealed  with  the  State  seal  and 
signed  by  the  Governor. 

Art.  67.  All  able  bodied  men  in  the  State  shall  be  armed  and  dis- 
ciplined for  its  defense. 


CONSTITUTION   OF   1864.  127 

Art.  68.  The  militia  of  the  State  shall  be  organized  in  such  manner 
as  may  be  hereafter  deemed  most  expedient  by  the  Legislature. 

TITLE  V. 

JUDICIARY    department. 

Art.  69.  The  judiciary  power  shall  be  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court, 
in  such  inferior  courts  as  the  Legislature  may,  from  time  to  time,  order 
and  establish,  and  in  justices  of  the  peace. 

Art.  70.  The  Supreme  Court,  except  in  cases  hereafter  provided, 
shall  have  appellate  jurisdiction  only,  which  jurisdiction  shall  extend  to 
all  cases  when  the  matter  in  dispute  shall  exceed  three  hundred  dollars: 
to  all  cases  in  which  the  constitutionality  or  legality  of  any  tax,  toll  or 
impost  whatsoever,  or  of  any  fine,  forfeiture  or  penalty  imposed  by  a 
municipal  corporation  shall  be  in  contestation;  and  to  all  criminal  cases, 
on  questions  of  law  alone,  whenever  the  offense  charged  is  punishable 
with  death  or  imprisonment  at  hard  labor,  or  when  a  fine  exceeding  three 
hundred  dollars  is  actually  imposed. 

Art.  71.  The  Supreme  Court  shall  be  composed  of  one  Chief  Jus- 
tice and  four  Associate  Justices,  a  majority  of  whom  shall  constitute  a 
quorum.  The  Chief  Justice  shall  receive  a  salary  of  seven  thousand  five 
hundred  dollars  and  each  of  the  Associate  Justices  a  salary  of  seven  thou- 
sand dollars,  annually,  until  otherwise  provided  by  law.  The  court  shall 
appoint  its  own  clerks. 

Art.  72.  The  Supreme  Court  shall  hold  its  session  in  New  Orlean3 
from  the  first  Monday  in  the  month  of  November  to  the  end  of  the  month 
of  June,  inclusive.  The  Legislature  shall  have  the  power  to  fix  the  ses- 
sion elsewhere  during  the  rest  of  the  year.  Until  otherwise  provided,  the 
sessions  shall  be  held  as  heretofore. 

Art.  73.  The  Supreme  Court,  and  each  of  the  judges  thereof,  shall 
have  power  to  issue  writs  of  habeas  corpus,  at  the  instance  of  all  persons 
in  actual  custody  under  process  in  all  cases  in  which  they  may  have  appel- 
late jurisdiction. 

Art.  74.  No  judgment  shall  be  rendered  by  the  'Supreme  Court 
without  the  concurrence  of  a  majority  of  the  judges  comprising  the  court. 
Whenever  the  majority  cannot  agree,  in  consequence  of  the  recusation  of 
any  member  of  the  court,  the  judges  not  recused  shall  have  power  to  call 
upon  any  judge  or  judges  of  the  inferior  courts,  whose  duty  it  shall  be, 
when  so  called  upon,  to  sit  in  the  place  of  the  judge  or  judges  recused  and 
to  aid  in  determining  the  case. 

Art.  75.  All  judges,  by  virtue  of  their  office,  shall  be  conservators 
of  the  peace  throughout  the  State.  The  style  of  all  process  shall  be 
"The  State  of  Louisiana."  All  prosecutions  shall  be  carried  on  in  the 
name  and  by  the  authority  of  the  State  of  Louisiana  and  conclude  against 
the  peace  and  dignity  of  the  same. 

Art.  76.  The  judges  of  all  courts  within  the  State  shall,  as  often 
as  it  may  be  advisable  so  to  do,  in  every  definitive  judgment,  refer  to 


128  CONSTITUTION   OF   1864. 

the  particular  law  in  virtue  of  which  such  judgment  may  be  rendered, 
and  in  all  cases  adduce  the  reasons  on  which  their  judgment  is  foimded. 

Akt.  77.  The  judges  of  all  courts  shall  be  liable  to  impeachment; 
but  for  any  reasonable  cause,  which  shall  not  be  sufficient  ground  for 
impeachm<!nt,  the  Governor  shall  remove  any  of  them,  on  the  address, 
of  a  majority  of  the  members  elected  to  each  house  of  the  General 
Assembly.  In  every  such  case  the  cause  or  causes  for  which  such  removal 
may  be  required  shall  be  stated  at  length  in  the  address  and  inserted  in 
the  journal  of  each  house. 

Art.  78.  The  judges  both  of  the  Supreme  and  inferior  courts  shall 
receive  a  salary  which  shall  not  be  diminished  during  their  continuance 
in  office ;  and  they  are  prohibited  from  receiving  any  fees  of  office  or  other 
compensation  than  their  salaries  for  any  civil  duties  performed  by  them. 

Art.  79.  The  judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  shall  be  appointed  by 
the  Governor,  by  and  with  the  advise  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  for  a 
term  of  eight  years;  the  judges  of  the  inferior  courts  for  a  term  of  six 
years. 

Art.  80.  The  clerks  of  the  inferior  courts  shall  be  elected  by  the 
qualified  voters  of  their  several  districts,  and  shall  hold  their  offices  dur- 
ing a  term  of  four  years. 

Art.  81.  The  Legislature  shall  have  power  to  vest  in  clerks  of 
courts  authority  to  grant  such  orders  and  do  such  acts  as  may  be  deemed 
necessary  for  the  furtherance  of  the  administration  of  justice,  and  in  all 
cases  the  powers  thus  granted  shall  be  specified  and  determined. 

Art.  82.  The  jurisdiction  of  justices  of  the  peace  shall  not  exceed, 
in  civil  cases,  the  sum  of  one  hundred  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest,  sub- 
ject to  appeal  in  such  cases  as  shall  be  provided  for  by  law.  They  shall 
be  elected  by  the  qualified  voters  of  their  several  districts,  and  shall  hold 
their  ofiice  during  a  term  of  two  years.  They  shall  have  such  criminal 
jurisdiction  as  shall  be  provided  by  law. 

Art.  83.  There  shall  be  an  Attorney  General  for  the  State,  and 
as  many  district  attorneys  as  the  Legislature  shall  find  necessary.  The 
Attorney  General  shall  be  elected  every  four  years,  by  the  qualified 
voters  of  the  State.  He  shall  receive  a  salary  of  five  thousand  dollars 
per  annum,  payable  on  his  own  warrant,  quarterly.  The  district  attor- 
neys shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  voters  of  their  respective  districts 
for  a  term  of  four  years.  They  shall  receive  such  salaries  as  shall  be 
provided  by  the  Legislature. 

Art.  84.  A  sheriff  and  a  coroner  shall  be  elected  in  each  parish, 
by  the  qualified  voters  thereof,  who  shall  hold  their  offices  for  the  term 
of  two  years.  The  Legislature  shall  have  power  to  increase  the  number 
of  sheriffs  in  any  parish.  Should  a  vacancy  occur  in  either  of  these 
offices  subsequent  to  an  election,  it  shall  be  filled  by  the  Governor,  and 
the  person  so  appointed  shall  continue  in  office  until  his  successor  shall 
be  elected  and  qualified. 


CONSTITUTION   OF   1864.  129 

TITLE  VI. 

IMPEACHMENT. 

Art.  85.  The  power  of  impeacliment  shall  be  vested  in  the  House 
of  Representatives. 

Art.  86.  Impeachments  of  the  Governor,  Lieutenant  Governor, 
Attorney  General,  Secretary  of  State,  State  Treasurer,  Auditor  of  Pub- 
lic Accounts  and  the  judges  of  the  inferior  couii;s,  justices  of  the  peace 
excepted,  shall  be  tried  by  the  Senate;  the  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  or  the  senior  judge  thereof,  shall  preside  during  the  trial  of  such 
impeachment.  Impeachments  of  the  judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  shall 
be  tried  by  the  Senate.  When  sitting  as  a  court  of  impeachment,  the 
Senators  shall  be  upon  oath  or  affirmation,  and  no  person  shall  be  con- 
victed without  the  concurrence  of  a  majority  of  the  Senators  elected. 

Art.  87.  Judgments,  in  case  of  impeaclmient,  shall  extend  only  to 
removal  from  office  and  disqualification  from  holding  any  office  of  honor, 
trust  or  profit  under  the  State;  but  the  convicted  parties  shall,  neverthe- 
less, be  subject  to  indictment,  trial  and  punishment  according  to  law. 

Art.  88.  All  officers  against  whom  articles  of  impeachment  may  be 
preferred,  shall  be  suspended  from  the  exercise  of  their  functions  during 
the  pendency  of  such  impeachment;  the  appointing  power  may  make  a 
provisional  appointment  to  replace  any  suspended  officer  imtil  the  de- 
cision of  the  impeachment. 

Art.  89.  The  Legislature  shall  provide  by  law  for  the  trial,  punish- 
ment and  removal  from  office  of  all  other  officers  of  the  State  by  indict- 
ment or  otherwise. 

TITLE  VII. 

GENERAL  PROVISIONS. 

Art,  90.  Memebers  of  the  General  Assembly,  and  all  officers,  before 
they  enter  upon  the  duties  of  their  offices,  shall  take  the  following  oath 
or   affirmation : 

'T,  (A  B),  do  solmenly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will  support  the 
Constitution  and  laws  of  the  United  States  and  of  this  State,  and  that  I 
will  faithfully  and  impartially  discharge  and  perform  all  the  duties  in- 
cumbent on  me  as according  to  the  best  of  my  abilities 

and  understanding,  so  help  me  God." 

Art.  91.  Treason  against  the  State  shall  consist  only  in  levying 
war  against  it  or  in  adhering  to  its  enemies,  giving  them  aid  and  com- 
fort. No  person  shall  be  convicted  of  treason,  unless  on  the  testimony  of 
4rwo  witnesses  to  the  same  overt  act,  or  his  own  confession  in  open  court. 

Art.  92.  The  Legislature  shall  have  power  to  declare  the  punish- 
ment of  treason ;  but  no  attainder  of  treason  shall  work  corruption  of 
blood  or  forfeiture  except  during  the  life  of  the  person  attainted. 

Art.  93.  Every  person  shall  be  disqualified  from  holding  any  office 
of  trust  or  profit  in  this  State  and  shall  be  excluded  from  the  right  of 


130  CONSTITUTION   OF   18G4. 

suffrage   who   shall  have  been   convicted   of  treason,   perjury,   forgery, 
bribery  or  other  high  crimes  or  misdemeanors. 

Art.  94.  All  penalties  shall  be  proportioned  to  the  nature  of  the 
offense. 

Art.  95.  The  privilege  of  free  suffrage  shall  be  supported  by  laws 
regulating  elections,  and  prohibiting,  under  adequate  penalties,  all  undue 
influence  thereon  from  power,  bribery,  tumult  or  other  improper  practices. 

Art.  96.  No  money  shall  be  drawn  from  the  treasury  but  in  pur- 
suance of  specific  appropriation  made  by  law ;  nor  shall  any  appropriation 
of  money  be  made  for  a  longer  term  than  two  years.  A  regular  state- 
ment and  account  of  the  receipts  and  expenditures  of  all  public  moneys 
shall  be  published  annually  in  such  manner  as  shall  be  prescribed  by 
law. 

Art.  97.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  General  Assembly  to  pass  such 
laws  as  may  be  proper  and  necessary  to  decide  differences  by  arbitration. 

Art.  98.  All  civil  officers  of  the  State  at  large  shall  be  voters  of 
and  reside  within  the  State;  and  all  district  or  parish  officers  shall  be 
voters  of  and  reside  within  their  respective  districts  or  parishes,  and 
shall  keep  their  offices  at  such  places  therein  as  may  be  required  by  law. 

Art.  99.  All  civil  officers  shall  be  removable  by  an  address  of "  a 
majority  of  the  members  elected  to  both  houses,  except  those  the  removal 
of  whom  has  been  otherwise  provided  by  this  Constitution. 

Art.  100.  In  all  elections  by  the  people,  the  vote  shall  be  taken  by 
ballot;  and  in  all  elections  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives, 
jointly  or  separately,  the  vote  shall  be  given  viva  voce. 

Art.  101.  No  member  of  Congress,  nor  any  person  holding  or  exer- 
cising any  office  of  trust  or  profit  under  the  United  States,  or  under  any 
foreign  power,  shall  be  eligible  as  a  member  of  the  General  Assembly, 
or  hold  or  exercse  any  office  of  trust  or  profit  under  the  State. 

Art.  102.  None  but  citizens  of  the  United  States  shall  be  appointed 
to  any  office  of  trust  or  profit  in  this  State. 

Art.  103.  The  laws,  public  records,  and  the  judicial  and  legislative 
written  proceedings  of  the  State  shall  be  promulgated,  preserved  and  con- 
ducted in  the  language  in  which  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  is 
written, 

Art.  104.  No  power  of  suspending  the  laws  of  this  State  shall  be 
exercised,  unless  by  the  Legislature  or  by  its  authority. 

Art.  105.  Prosecutions  shall  be  by  indictment  or  information.  The 
accused  shall  have  a  speedy  public  trial  by  an  impartial  jury  of  the 
parish  in  which  the  offense  shall  have  been  committed.  He  shall  not  be 
compelled  to  give  evidence  against  himself;  he  shall  have  the  right  of 
being  heard  by  himself  or  counsel;  he  shall  have  the  right  of  meeting  the 
witnesses  face  to  face,  and  shall  have  compulsory  process  for  obtaining 
witnesses  in  his  favor.  He  shall  not  be  twice  put  in  jeopardy  for  the 
same  offense. 

Art.  106.  All  persons  shall  be  bailable  by  sufficient  sureties,  unless 
for  capital  offenses,  where  the  proof  is  evident  or  presumption  great;  or. 


CONSTITUTION  OF   1864.  131 

unless  after  conviction  for  any  offense  or  crime  punishable  with  death  or 
imprisonment  at  hard  labor.  The  privilege  of  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus 
shall  not  be  suspended  unless,  when  in  cases  of  rebellion  or  invasion,  the 
public  safety  may  require  it. 

Art.  107.  Excessive  bail  shall  not  be  required ;  excessive  fines  shall 
not  be  imposed,  nor  cruel  and  unusual  punishment  inflicted. 

Art.  108.  The  right  of  the  people  to  be  secure  in  their  persons, 
houses,  papers  and  effects,  against  unreasonable  searches  and  seizures 
shall  not  be  violated ;  and  no  warrants  shall  issue  but  upon  probable  cause, 
supported  by  oath  or  affirmation,  and  particularly  describing  the  place- 
to  be  searched  and  the  person  or  thing  to  be  seized. 

Aet.  109.  No  ex  post  facto  or  retroactive  law,  nor  any  law  impair- 
ing the  obligations  of  contracts,  shall  be  passed,  nor  vested  rights  be 
divested,  unless  for  purposes  of  public  utility  and  for  adequate  compen- 
sation previously  made. 

Art.  110.  All  courts  shall  be  open ;  and  every  person,  for  any  injury 
done  him  in  his  lands,  goods,  person  or  reputation,  shall  have  remedy  by 
due  course  of  law,  and  right  and  justice  administered  without  denial  or 
unreasonable  delay. 

Art.  111.  The  press  shall  be  free;  every  citizen  may  freely  speak, 
write  and  publish  his  sentiments  on  all  subjects — being  responsible  for  an 
abuse  of  this  liberty. 

Art.  112.  The  Legislature  shall  not  have  power  to  grant  aid  to 
companies  or  associations  of  individuals,  except  to  charitable  associa- 
tions, and  to  such  companies  or  associations  as  are  and  shall  be  formeil 
for  the  exclusive  purpose  of  making  works  of  internal  improvement, 
wholly  or  partially  within  the  State,  to  the  extent  only  of  one-fifth  of 
the  capital  of  such  companies,  by  subscription  of  stock  or  loan  in  money 
or  public  bonds;  but  any  aid  thus  granted  shall  be  paid  to  the  company 
only  in  the  same  proportion  as  the  remainder  of  the  capital  shall  be 
actually  paid  in  by  the  stockholders  of  the  company ;  and,  in  case  of  loan, 
such  adequate  security  shall  be  required  as  to  the  Legislature  may  seem 
proper.  No  corporation  or  individual  association,  receiving  the  aid  of 
the  State,  as  herein  provided,  shall  possess  banking  or  discounting  privi- 
leges. 

Art.  113.  No  liability  shall  be  contracted  by  the  State,  as  above 
mentioned,  unless  the  same  be  authorized  by  some  law  for  some  single 
object  or  work,  to  be  distinctly  specified  therein,  which  shall  be  passed 
by  a  majority  of  the  members  elected  to  both  houses  of  the  General 
Assembly;  and  the  aggregate  amount  of  debts  and  liabilities  incurred 
under  this  and  the  preceding  article  shall  never  at  any  time  exceed  eight 
millions  of  dollars. 

Art.  114.  Whenever  the  Legislature  shall  contract  a  debt  exceeding 
in  amount  the  sum  of  one  hundred  thousand  dollars,  unless  in  case  of 
war,  to  repel  invasion  or  suppress  insurrection,  they  shall,  in  the  law 
creating  the  debt,  provide  adequate  ways  and  means  for  the  payment  of 
the  current  interest  and  of  the  principal  when  the  same  shall  become  due. 


132  CONSTITUTION  OF   1864. 

And  the  said  law  shall  be  irrepealable  until  principal  and  interest  are 
fully  paid  and  discharged,  or  unless  the  repealing  law  contains  some 
other  adequate  provision  for  the  payment  of  the  principal  and  interesi 
of  the  debt. 

Abt.  115.  The  Legislature  shall  provide  by  law  for  all  change  of 
venue  in  civil  and  criminal  cases. 

Ajrt.  116.  The  Legislature  shall  have  the  power  to  license  the  selling 
of  lottery  tickets  and  the  keeping  of  gambling  houses;  said  houses,  in 
all  cases,  shall  be  on  the  first  floor,  and  kept  with  open  doors ;  but  in  all 
cases  not  less  than  ten  thousand  dollars  per  annum  shall  be  levied  as  a 
license  or  tax  on  each  vendor  of  lottery  tickets,  and  on  each  gambling 
house  and  five  hundred  dollars  on  each  tombola. 

Art.  IIY.  The  Legislature  may  enact  general  laws  regulating  the 
adoption  of  children,  emancipation  of  minors,  changing  of  names  and 
the  granting  of  divorces;  but  no  special  laws  shall  be  enacted  relating 
to  particular  individual  cases. 

Art.  118.  Every  law  enacted  by  the  Legislature  shall  embrace  but 
one  object,  and  that  shall  be  expressed  in  the  title. 

Art.  119.  No  law  shall  be  revived  or  amended  by  reference  to  its 
title;  but  in  such  case  the  act  revived  or  section  amended  shall  be  re- 
enacted  and  published  at  length. 

Art.  120.  The  Legislature  shall  never  adopt  any  system  or  code 
of  laws  by  general  reference  to  such  system  or  code  of  laws;  but  in  all 
cases  shall  specify  the  several  provisions  of  the  laws  it  may  enact. 

Art.  121.  Corporations  shall  not  be  created  in  this  State  by  special 
laws,  except  for  political  or  municipal  purposes;  but  the  Legislature 
shall  provide  by  general  law  for  the  organization  of  all  other  corporations, 
except  corporations  with  banking  or  discounting  privileges,  the  creation, 
renewal  or  extension  of  which  is  hereby  prohibited. 

Art.  122.  In  case  of  the  insolvency  of  any  bank  or  banking  asso- 
ciation, the  bill  holders  thereof  shall  be  entitled  to  preference  in  pay- 
ment over  all  other  creditors  of  such  bank  or  association. 

Art.  123.  No  person  shall  hold  or  exercise,  at  the  same  time,  more 
than  one  civil  office  of  trust  or  profit,  except  that  of  justice  of  the  peace. 

Art.  124.  Taxation  shall  be  equal  and  uniform  throughout  the 
State.  All  property  shall  be  taxed  in  proportion  to  its  value,  to  be 
ascertained  a?  directed  by  law.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  power 
to  exempt  from  taxation  property  actually  used  for  church,  school  or 
charitable  purposes.  The  General  Assembly  shall  levy  an  income  tax 
upon  all  persons  pursuing  any  occupation,  trade  or  calling,  and  all  such 
persons  shall  obtain  a  license,  as  provided  by  law.  All  tax  on  income 
shall  be  pro  rata  on  the  amount  of  income  or  business  done. 

Art.  125.  The  Legislature  may  provide  by  law  in  what  case  officers 
shall  continue  to  perform  the  duties  of  their  offices  until  their  successors 
shall  have  been  inducted  into  office. 

-Art.  126.  The  Legislature  shall  have  power  to  extend  this  Consti- 
tution and  the  jurisdiction  of  this  State  over  any  territory  acquired  by 


CONSTITUTION   OP   1864.  130 

compact  with  any  State,  or  with,  the  United  States,  the  same  being  done 
by  consent  of  the  United  States. 

Art.  127.  None  of  the  lands  granted  by  Congress  to  the  State  of 
Louisiana  for  aiding  in  constructing  the  necessary  levees  and  drains, 
to  reclaim  the  swamp  and  overflowed  lands  of  the  State,  shall  be  diverted 
from  the  purposes  for  which  they  were  granted. 

Art.  128.  The  Legislature  shall  pass  no  law  excluding  citizens  of 
this  State  from  office  for  not  being  conversant  with  any  language  except 
that  in  which  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  is  written. 

A-RT.  129.  No  liability,  either  State,  parochial  or  municipal,  shall 
exist  for  any  debts  contracted  for  or  in  the  interest  of  the  rebellion 
against  the  United  States  Government. 

Art.  130.  The  seat  of  Government  shall  be  and  remain  at  New 
Orleans,  and  shall  not  be  removed  without  the  consent  of  a  majority  of 
both  houses  of  the  General  Assembly. 

Art.  131.  The  Legislature  may  determine  the  mode  of  filling  va- 
cancies in  all  offices  for  which  provision  is  not  made  in  this  Constitution. 

Art.  132.  The  Legislature  shall  pass  no  law  requiring  a  property 
qualification  for  office. 

TITLE  Vin. 

corporation  of  the  city  of  new  ORLEANS. 

Art.  133.  The  citizens  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans  shall  have  the 
right  of  appointing  the  several  public  officers  necessary  for  the  adminis- 
tration of  the  police  of  said  city,  pursuant  to  the  mode  of  elections  which 
shall  be  prescribed  by  the  Legislature;  provided,  that  the  mayor  and 
recorders  shall  be  ineligible  to  a  seat  in  the  General  Assembly.  And  the 
mayor  and  recorders  shall  be  commissioned  by  the  Governor  as  justices 
of  the  peace,  and  the  Legislature  may  vest  in  them  such  criminal  juris- 
diction as  may  be  necessary  for  the  punishment  of  minor  offenses  and 
as  the  police  and  good  of  said  city  may  require. 

The  City  of  New  Orleans  shall  maintain  a  police,  which  shall  be  uni- 
formed with  distinction  of  grade,  to  consist  of  permanent  citizens  of  the 
State  of  Louisiana,  to  be  selected  by  the  mayor  of  the  city,  and  to  hold 
office  during  good  behavior,  and  removable  only  by  a  police  commission, 
composed  of  five  citizens  and  the  mayor,  who  shall  be  president  of  the 
board.  The  commission  to  be  appointed  by  the  Governor  of  the  State 
for  the  term  of  two  years,  at  a  salary  of  not  less  than  one  thousand  dol- 
lars per  annum;  a  majority  of  whom  shall  remove  for  delinquencies. 
Members  of  the  police,  when  removed,  shall  not  again  be  eligible  to  any 
position  on  the  police  for  a  term  of  one  year. 

Interfering  or  meddling  in  elections  in  any  manner  will  be  a  sufficient 
cause  for  instant  dismissal  from  the  police  by  the  board. 

The  chief  of  police  shall  give  a  penal  bond  in  the  sum  of  ten  thou- 
sand dollars;  lieutenants  of  police,  five  thousand  dollars;  sergeants  and 
clerks,  each  three  thousand  dollars ;  corporals,  two  thousand  dollars,  and 
privates  one  thousand  dollars,  with  good  and  solvent  security,  as  the  law 
directs,  for  the  faithful  performance  of  their  duties. 


134  CONSTITL'TION   OF   1864. 

The  various  officers  shall  receive  a  salary  of  not  less  than  the  M- 
lowing  ratco : 

The  chief  of  police $250  per  month. 

The  lieutenants  of  police 150  per  month. 

The   sergeants   of  police 100  per  month. 

The   clerks   of  police 100  per  month. 

The   corporals   of   police 90  per  month. 

The  privates  (day  and  night)  each 80  per  month. 

TITLE  IX. 

LABOR  ON  PUBLIC  WORKS. 

Art.  134.  The  Legislature  may  establish  the  price  and  pay  of  foremen, 
mechanics,  laborers  and  others  employed  on  the  public  works  of  the  State 
or  parochial  or  city  governments;  provided,  that  the  compensation  to  be 
paid  all  foremen,  mechanics,  cartmen  and  laborers  employed  on  the  pub- 
lic works  under  the  government  of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  City  of  New 
Orleans,  and  the  police  juries  of  the  various  parishes  of  the  State,  shall 
not  be  less  than  as  follows,  viz.:  Foremen,  $3.50  per  day;  mechanics, 
$3.00  per  day;  cartmen,  $3.50  per  day;  laborers,  $2.00  per  day. 

Art.  135.  Nine  hours  shall  constitute  a  day's  labor  for  all  mechan- 
ics, artisans  and  laborers  employed  on  public  works. 

TITLE  X. 

INTERNAL  IMPROVEMENTS. 

Art.  13G.  There  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Governor  a  State  Engin- 
eer, skilled  in  the  theory  and  practice  of  his  profession,  who  shall  hold 
his  office  at  the  seat  of  government  for  the  term  of  four  years.  He  shall 
have  the  superintendence  and  direction  of  all  public  works  in  which  the 
State  may  be  interested,  except  those  made  by  joint  stock  companies,  or 
such  as  may  be  under  the  parochial  or  city  authorities  exclusively,  and 
not  in  conflct  with  the  general  laws  of  the  State.  He  shall  communicate 
to  the  General  Assembly,  through  the  Govenor,  annually,  his  views  con- 
cerning the  same,  report  upon  the  condition  of  the  public  works  in  prog- 
ress, recommend  such  measures  as  in  his  opinion  the  public  interest  of 
the  State  may  require,  and  shall  perform  such  other  duties  as  may  be 
prescribed  by  law.  His  salary  shall  be  five  thousand  dollars  per  annum, 
until  otherwise  prx)vided  by  law.  The  mode  of  appointment,  number  and 
salary  of  his  assistants  shall  be  fixed  by  law.  The  State  Engineer  and 
assistants  shall  give  bonds  for  the  performance  of  their  duties  as  shall 
be  prescribed  by  law. 

Art.  137.  The  General  Assembly  may  create  internal  improvement 
districts,  composed  of  one  or  more  parishes,  and  may  grant  a  right  to  thn 
citizens  thereof  to  tax  themselves  for  their  improvements.  Said  internal 
improvement  districts,  when  created,  shall  have  the  right  to  select  com- 
missioners, shall  have  power  to  appoint  officers,  fix  their  pay,  and  regulate 
all  matters  relative  to  the  improvements  of  their  districts,  provided  such 
improvements  will  not  conflict  with  the  general  laws  of  the  State. 


CONSTITUTION   OF   1864.  135 

Art.  138.  The  General  Assembly  may  grant  aid  to  said  districts 
©ut  of  the  funds  arising  from  the  swamp  and  overflowed  Innds  granted  to 
the  State  by  the  United  States  for  that  purpose,  or  otherwise. 

Art.  139.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  the  right  of  abolishing 
the  office  of  State  Engineer,  by  a  majority  vote  of  all  the  members  elected 
to  each  branch,  and  of  substituting  a  board  of  public  works  in  lieu 
thereof,  should  they  deem  necessary. 

TITLE  XI. 

PUBLIC  EDUCATION. 

A-RT.  140.  There  shall  be  elected  a  Superintendent  of  Public  Educa- 
tion, who  shall  hold  his  office  for  the  term  of  four  years.  His  duties  shall 
be  prescribed  by  law,  and  he  shall  receive  a  salary  of  four  thousand  dol- 
lars per  annum  until  otherwise  provided  by  law;  provided,  that  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  shall  have  power  ,by  a  vote  of  a  majority  of  the  member^} 
elected  to  both  houses,  to  abolish  the  said  office  of  Superintendent  of 
Public  Education  whenever  in  their  opinion  said  office  shall  be  no  longe'' 
necessary. 

Art.  141.  The  Legislature  shall  provide  for  the  education  of  all 
children  of  the  State  between  the  ages  of  six  and  eighteen  years,  by  main- 
tenance of  free  public  schools  by  taxation  or  otherwise. 

Akt.  142.  The  general  exercises  in  the  common  schools  shall  be  con- 
ducted in  the  English  language. 

Art.  143.  A  university  shall  be  established  in  the  City  of  New 
Orleans.  It  shall  be  composed  of  four  faculties,  to- wit :  One  of  law,  one 
of  medicine,  one  of  the  natural  sciences  and  one  of  letters.  The  Legis- 
lature shall  provide  by  law  for  its  organization  and  maintenance. 

Art.  144.  Th  proceeds  of  all  lands  heretofore  granted  by  the  United 
States  to  this  State  for  the  use  or  purpose  of  the  public  schools,  and  of 
aU  lands  which  may  hereafter  be  granted  or  bequeathed  for  that  purpose, 
and  the  proceeds  of  the  estates  of  deceased  persons  to  which  the  State 
may  become  entitled  by  law,  shall  be  and  remain  a  perpetual  fund  on 
which  the  State  shall  pay  an  annual  interest  of  six  per  cent.,  which  inter- 
est, together  with  the  interest  of  the  trust  funds,  deposited  with  the 
State  by  the  United  States,  under  the  Act  of  Congress  approved  June 
23,  1836,  and  all  the  rents  of  the  unsold  lands  shall  be  appropriated  to  the 
purpose  of  such  schools,  and  the  appropriation  shall  remain  inviolable. 

Art.  145.  All  moneys  arising  from  the  sales  which  have  been  or 
may  hereafter  be  made  of  any  lands  heretofore  granted  by  the  United 
States  to  this  State  for  the  use  of  a  specific  seminary  of  learning,  or 
from  any  kind  of  a  donation  that  may  hereafter  be  made  for  that  purpose, 
shall  be  and  remain  a  perpetual  fund,  the  interest  of  which,  at  six  per 
cent,  per  annum,  shall  be  appropriated  to  the  promotion  of  literature 
and  the  arts  and  sciences;  and  no  law  shall  ever  be  made  diverting  said 
funds  to  any  other  use  than  to  the  establishment  and  improvement  of 
said  seminary  of  learning;  and  the  General  Assembly  shall  have  power 
to  raise  funds  for  the  organization  and  support  of  said  seminary  of  learn- 
ing in  such  manner  as  it  may  deem  proper. 


136  CONSTITUTION  OF  1864, 

Art.  146.  No  appropriation  shall  be  made  by  the  Legislature  for 
the  support  of  any  private  school  or  institution  of  learning  whatever,  but 
the  highest  encouragement  shall  be  granted  to  pubilc  schools  throughout 
the  State. 

TITLE  XII. 

MODE  OF  REVISING  THE  CONSTITUTION. 

Art.  147.  Any  amendment  or  amendments  to  this  Constitution  may 
be  proposed  in  the  Senate  or  House  of  Representatives;  and,  if  the  same 
shall  be  agreed  to  by  a  majority  of  the  members  elected  to  each  house, 
such  proposed  amendment  or  amendments  shall  be  entered  on  their  jour- 
nals, with  the  yeas  and  nays  taken  thereon.  Such  proposed  amendment 
or  amendments  shall  be  submitted  to  the  people  at  an  election  to  be 
ordered  by  said  Legislature  and  held  within  ninety  days  after  the  ad- 
journment of  the  same,  and  after  thirty  days'  publication,  according  to 
law;  and,  if  a  majority  of  the  voters  at  said  election  shall  approve  and 
ratify  such  amendment  or  amendments,  the  same  shall  become  a  part  of 
the  Constitution.  If  more  than  one  amendment  be  submitted  at  a  time, 
they  shall  be  submitted  in  such  manner  and  form  that  the  people  may 
vote  for  or  against  each  amendment  separately, 

TITLE  XIII. 

SCHEDULE. 

Art.  148.  The  Constitution  adopted  in  1852  is  declared  to  be  super- 
seded by  this  Constitution;  and,  in  order  to  carry  the  same  into  effect, 
it  is  hereby  declared  and  ordained  as  follows: 

Art.  149.  All  rights,  actions,  prosecutions,  claim  and  contracts,  a'' 
iidividuals  as  of  bodies  corporate,  and  all  laws  in  force  at  the 
time  of  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution,  and  not  inconsistent  therewith, 
shall  continue  as  if  the  same  had  not  been  adopted. 

Art.  150.  In  order  that  no  inconvenience  may  result  to  the  public 
service  from  the  taking  effect  of  this  Constitution,  no  officer  shall  be 
superseded  thereby;  but  the  laws  of  this  State  relative  to  the  duties  of 
the  several  officers,  executive,  judicial  and  military,  except  those  made 
void  by  military  authority  and  by  the  ordinance  of  emancipation,  shall 
remain  in  full  force,  though  the  same  be  contrary  to  this  Constitution, 
and  the  several  duties  shall  be  performed  by  the  respective  officers  of  the 
State  according  to  the  existing  laws  until  the  organization  of  the  Govern- 
ment under  this  Constitution,  and  the  entering  into  office  of  the  new 
officers  to  be  appointed  under  said  Government,  and  no  longer. 

Art.  151.  The  Legislature  shall  provide  for  the  removal  of  all 
causes  now  pending  in  the  Supreme  Court  or  other  courts  of  the  State 
under  the  Constitution  of  1852  to  courts  created  by  or  under  this  Con- 
stitution. 

TITLE  XIV. 

ORDINANCE. 

Art.  152.    Immediately  after  the  adjournment  of  the  Convention, 


CONSTITUTION  OF   1864.  137 

the  Governor  shall  issue  his  proclamation  directing  the  several  officers 
of  this  State,  authorized  by  law  to  hold  elections,  or,  in  default  thereof, 
such  officers  as  he  shall  designate,  to  open  and  hold  polls  in  the  several 
parishes  of  the  State,  at  the  places  designated  by  law,  on  the  first  Monday 
of  September,  1864,  for  the  purpose  of  taking  the  sense  of  the  good  people 
of  this  State  in  regard  to  the  adoption  or  rejection  of  this  Constitution; 
and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  said  officers  to  receive  the  suffrages  of  all 
qualified  voters.  Each  voter  shall  express  his  opinion  by  depositing  in 
the  ballot  box  a  ticket  whereon  shall  be  written  "The  Constitution  ac- 
cepted," or  "The  Constitution  rejected."  At  the  conclusion  of  the  said 
election,  the  officers  and  commissioners  appointed  to  preside  over  the 
same  shall  carefully  examine  and  count  each  ballot  as  deposited,  and 
shall  forthwith  make  due  return  thereof  to  the  Secretary  of  State,  in 
conformity  to  the  provisions  of  law  and  usages  in  regard  to  elections. 

Art.  153.  Upon  the  receipt  of  said  returns,  or  on  the  third  Monday 
of  September,  if  the  returns  be  not  sooner  received,  it  shall  be  the  duty 
of  the  Governor,  the  Secretary  of  State,  the  Attorney  General  and  the 
State  Treasurer,  in  the  presence  of  all  such  persons  as  may  choose  to 
attend,  to  compare  the  votes  at  the  said  election  for  the  ratification  or 
rejection  of  this  Constitution,  and,  if  it  shall  appear  at  the  close  that 
a  majority  of  all  the  votes  given  is  for  ratifying  this  Constitution,  then 
it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Governor  to  make  proclamation  of  the  fact, 
and  thenceforth  this  Constitution  shall  be  ordained  and  established  as  the 
Constitution  of  the  State  of  Louisiana.  But  whether  this  Constitution 
be  accepted  or  rejected,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Governor  to  cause  to 
be  published  the  result  of  the  polls,  showing  the  number  of  votes  cast  in 
each  parish  for  and  against  this  Constitution. 

Art.  154.  As  soon  as  a  general  election  can  be  held  under  this  Con- 
stitution in  every  parish  of  the  State,  the  Governor  shall,  by  proclama- 
tion, or,  in  case  of  his  failure  to  act,  the  Legislature  shall,  by  resolution, 
declare  the  fact,  and  order  an  election  to  be  held  on  a  day  fixed  in  said 
proclamation  or  resolution,  and  within  sixty  days  from  the  date  thereof, 
for  Governor,  Lieutenant  Governor,  Secretary  of  State,  Auditor,  Treas- 
urer, Attorney  General  and  Superintendent  of  Education.  The  officers 
so  chosen  shall,  on  the  fourth  Monday  after  their  election,  be  installed 
into  office,  and  shall  hold  their  offices  for  the  terms  prescribed  in  thi«! 
Constitution,  counting  from  the  second  Monday  in  January  next  preced- 
ing their  entering  into  office,  in  case  they  do  not  enter  into  office  on  that 
date.  The  terms  of  office  of  the  State  officers  elected  on  the  twenty-sec- 
ond day  of  February,  1864,  shall  expire  on  the  installation  of  their  suc- 
cessors, as  herein  provided  for;  but  under  no  state  of  circumstances  shall 
their  term  of  office  be  construed  as  extending  beyond  the  length  of  terms 
fixed  for  said  offices  in  this  Constitution ;  and,  if  not  sooner  held,  the 
election  of  their  successors  shall  take  place  on  the  first  Monday  of  No- 
Tcmber,  1867,  in  all  parishes  where  the  same  can  be  held,  the  officers 
elected  on  that  date  to  enter  into  office  on  the  second  Monday  in  January, 
1868. 


138 


CONSTITUTION   OF   18G4. 


Art.  155.  This  Coiistitutiou  shall  be  published  in  three  papers  tc 
be  selected  by  the  President  of  the  Convention,  whereof  two  shall  publish 
the  same  in  English  and  French,  and  one  in  German,  from  the  period 
of  the  adjournment  of  the  Convention  until  the  election  for  ratification 
or  rejection  on  the  first  Monday  of  September,  1864. 

(Signed)  E.  H.  DURELL, 

President  of  the  C<mstitutional  Convention  of  the  State  of  Louisiana. 


O.  W.  Austin, 
John  T.  Barrett, 
Joseph  G.  Baum, 
Raphael  Beauvais, 
Robert  Bradshaw  Bell, 
Young  Burke, 
Emile  Collin, 
A.  Cazabat, 
Terrence  Cook, 

F.  M.  Crozat, 
R.  King  Cutler, 
John  L.  Davies, 
James  Duane, 
Joseph  Dupaty, 
H.  C.  Edwards, 
James  Ennis, 
W.  R.  Fish, 

G.  H.  Flago, 
Patrick  Harnan, 
Edmond  Flood, 
John  Foley, 

G.  A.  FosDicK, 
James  Fuller, 
George  Geier, 
Jos.  Gorlinski, 
Jeremiah  J.  Healy, 
Jos.  I-I.  Balch, 
Edward  Hart,  • 
Thomas  Ong, 
John  Henderson,  Jr., 
Robert  W.  Bennie, 
Alfred  C.  Hills, 
John  Sullivan, 
William  H.  Hire, 
George  Howes, 
M.  J).  Kavanagh, 
p.  a.  kugler, 
William  Davis  Mann, 
Xavier  Maurer, 


John  P.  Montamat, 
Robert  Morris, 
Edward  Murphy, 
M.  W.  Murphy, 
LuciEN  P.  Normand, 

P.    K.    O'CONNER, 

John  Payne, 

Eudaldo  G.  Pintado, 

O.  H.  Poynot, 

John  Purcell, 

Samuel  Pursell, 

J.  B.  Schroeder, 

Martin  Schnurr, 

William  H.  Seymour, 

Alfred  Shaw, 

Charles  Smith, 

John   Spellicy, 

William  Tompkins  Stocke:r, 

J.  H.  Stiner, 

C.  W.  Stauffer, 

J.  Randall  Terry, 

T.  B.  Thorpe, 

John  Buckley,  Jr., 

John  W.  Thomas, 

Ernest  J.  Wenck, 

W.  H.  Waters, 

Thomas  M.  Wells, 

Joseph  Hamilton  Wilson, 

John  A.  Newell, 

Robert  W.  Taliaferro, 

m.  f.  bonzano, 

H.   MiLLSPAUGH, 

Louis  Gastinel, 
Joseph  V.  Bofill, 
Ben.jamin  H.  Orr, 
Geo.  F.  Brott, 
John  K.  Cook, 
H.  Maas. 

JOHN  E.  NEELTS,  Secretary. 


Constitution  of  1868, 

Adopted  at  New  Orleans,   March   11,  1868. 


PREAMBLE. 

We,  the  people  of  Louisiana,  in  order  to  establish  justice, 
insure  domestic  tranquility,  promote  the  general  welfare  and 
seQure  the  blessings  of  liberty  to  ourselves  and  our  posterity,  do 
ordain  and  establish  this  Constitution. 

CONSTITUTION. 
TITLE  I. 

BILL  OF  RIGHTS. 

Article  1.     All  men  are  created  free  and  equal,  and  have  cgj^j^jn 
certain  inalienable  rights;    among  these  are  life,  liberty,  and  inalienable 
the  pursuit  of  happiness.    To  secure  these  rights,  governments 
are  instituted  among  men,  deriving  their  just  powers  from  the  Qoverifment. 
consent  of  the  governed. 

Art.  2.     All  persons,  without  regard  to  race,  color,  or  pre- 
vious condition,  born  or  naturalized  in  the  United  States,  and  citizens  of 
subject  to  the  jurisdiction  thereof,  and  residents  of  this  State  *^^  State, 
for  one  year,  are  citizens  of  this  State.     The  citizens  of  this  Allegiance 
State  owe  allegiance  to  the  United  States;   and  this  allegiance  the 'united 
is  paramount  to  that  which  they  owe  to  the  State.    They  shall ^J^^*j^^'  to,jj, 
enjoy  the  same  civil,  political,  and  public  rights  and  privileges.  State, 
and  be  subject  to  the  same  pains  and  penalties. 

Art.  3.     There  shall  be  neither  slavery  nor  involuntary 
servitude  in  this  State,  otherwise  than  for  the  punishment  o f  ^Ij^^lj^g^^g^j 
crime,  whereof  the  party  shall  have  been  duly  convicted. 

Art.  4.     The  press  shall  be  free ;  every  citizen  may  freely  „      , 
speak,  write,  and  publish  his  sentiments  on  all  subjects,  being  speech  and  of 
responsible  for  the  abuse  of  this  liberty.  *^^  press. 

Art.  5.     The  right  of  the  people  peaceably  to  assemble  Rip^t  of  as- 

and  petition  the  Government  or  any  department  thereof,  shall  sembiing   and 

,        ,    .  ,       ,  ^        I-  petition, 

never  be  abridged. 


140  CONSTITUTION   OF   1868 

Art.  G.     Prosecutions  shall  be  by  indictment  or  informa- 

Prosecutlons.  tion.    The  accused  shall  be  entitled  to  a  speedy  public  trial  by 

Trial  by  jury,  ^jj^  impartial  jury  of  the  parish  in  which  the  offense  was  com- 

cused.  mitted,  unless  the  venue  be  changed.  He  shall  not  be  compelled 

to  give  evidence  against  himself;    he  shall  have  the  right  of 

being  heard  by  himself  or  counsel;   he  shall  have  the  right  of 

meeting  the  witnesses  face  to  face  ,and  shall  have  compulsory 

process  for  obtaining  witnesses  in  his  favor.    He  shall  not  be 

tried  twice  for  the  same  offense. 

Art.  7.     All  persons  shall  be  bailable  by  sufficient  securi- 

Ball.  ties,  unless  for  capital  offenses  where  the  proof  is  evident,  or 

the  presumption   great,   or  unless   after  conviction,   for  any 

crime  or  offense  punishable  with  death  or  imprisonment  at 

Writ  of  hard  labor.     The  privilege  of  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  shall 

habeas  <'ovim.  ,,,,t  he  ^xx^v^ndeA. 

„  ,,      „,  Art.  8.     Excessive  bail  shall  not  be  required;    excessive 

Bail.      Fines.  i  ■  i 

Punishments,  fines  shall  not  be  imposed;   nor  cruel  or  unusual  punishmei>ts 

inflicted. 
Searches   and  ^^-  ^-     "^^^  right  of  the  people  to  be  secure  in  their  per- 

selzures.  sons,  houses,  papers,  and  effects,  against  unreasonable  searches 

Warrants,         and  seizures,  shall  not  be  violated;    and  no  warrant  shall  issue 
when  to  issue.  ]^^^  upon  probable  cause,  supported  by  oath  or  affirmation,  and 
particularly  describing  the  place  to  be  searched,  or  the  person 
or  things  to  be  seized. 
All  courts  ^^'^-  ^^-     ^^^  courts  shall  be  open;    and  every  person  for 

open  for  re-  injury  done  him  in  his  land,  goods,  person,  or  reputation,  shall 
have  adequate  remedy  by  due  process  of  law,  and  justice  ad- 
ministered without  denial  of  unreasonable  delay. 

,   ^  Art.  11.     No  law  shall  be  passed  fixing  the  price  of  man- 

Labor.  Ill 

ual  labor. 

Art.  12.     Every  person  has  the  natural  right  to  worship 

No  religious      God  according  to  the  dictates  of  his  conscience.     No  religious 
test. 

test  shall  be  required  as  a  qualification  for  office. 

Rights  and  Art.  13.     All  persons  shall  enjoy  equal  rights  and  privi- 

prlviieges  in     leges  upon   any  conveyance  of  a  public  character ;    and  all 
veyances,    etc.  places  of  bxisiness  or  of  public  resort,  or  for  which  a  license  is 
rc(iuired  by  either  State,  parish,  or  municipal  authority,  shall 
be  deemed  places  of  a  public  character,  and  shall  be  opened  to 
-     ■    the  accommodation  and  patronage  of  all  persons,  without  dis- 
tinction or  discrimination  on  account  of  race  or  color. 
„,  . ,     .       ,  Art.  14.     The  rights  enumerated  in  this  title  shall  not  be 

Rights    herein  .  ,.,  ,  .i  .     ,  , 

expressed  not  construed  to  limit  or  abridQ:e  other  rights  of  the  people  not 
o?he?riiMs.     Horein  expressed. 

TITLE  n. 

LEGISLATIVE   DEPARTMENT. 
Legislative  A  mi       1       •   1 

power.  Art.  15.    The  legislative  power  of  the  State  shall  be  vested 


CONSTITUTION   OF   1868  141 

in  two  distinct  branches,  the  one  to  be  styled  the  House  of 
Representatives,  the  other,  the  Senate;  and  both,  the  General 
Assembly  of  the  State  of  Louisiana. 

Art.  16.     The  members  of  the  House  of  Representatives  rpgrm  of  office 
shall  continue  in  office  for  two  years  from  the  day  of  the  clos-  of   Represeut- 

.  fl.tiVGS. 

ing  of  the  general  election. 

Art.   17.    Representatives   shall  be  chosen  on  the  first  Representa- 
Monday  in  November,  every  two  years ;  and  the  election  shall  tijes,  when 

1  11-  1  mi       A  1     A  11        in  chosen.     The 

be  completed  m  one  day.     Ihe  General  Assembly  shall  meet  General    As- 
annually  on  the  first  Monday  in  Januaiy,  unless  a  different  and'^wheTe 'to 
day  be  appointed  by  law ;  and  their  sessions  shall  be  held  at  the  meet, 
seat  of  Government. 

Art.  18.     Every  elector  under  this  Constitution  shall  be 
eligible  to  a  seat  in  the  House  of  Representatives;   and  every 
elector  who  has  reached  the  age  of  twenty-five  years  shall  be  Eiigillbiilty 
eligible  to  the  Senate;    Provided,  That  no  person  shall  be  £i ative *o*r ^len- 
Representative  or  Senator  unless,  at  the  time  of  his  election,  he  ^*°^- 
be  a  qualified  elector  of  the  Representative  or  Senatorial  Dis- 
trict from  which  he  is  elected. 

Art.  19.     Elections  for  members  of  the  General  Assembly  Elections  of 
shall  be  held  at  the  several  election  precincts  established  by  members  of 

,  i-  ./  General  As- 

law.  sembly. 

Art.  20.     Representation  in  the  House  of  Representatives  Representa- 
shall  be  equal  and  uniform,  and,  after  the  first  General  Assem-  f ''^?'  uniform 
bly  elected  under  this  Constitution,  shall  be  ascertained  and  upon  total 
regulated  by  the  total  population,  each  parish  in  the  State  P'^P"'^*'"^- 
being  entitled  to  at  least  one  Representative.    A  census  of  the  f^^^  parish 
State,  by  State  authority,  shall  be  taken  in  the  year  eighteen  least  one  Rep- 
hundred  and  seventy-five,  and  every  ten  years  thereafter.     In  i"6sentative. 
case  of  informality,  omission,  or  error  in  the  census  returns  5"  j'^??"'^ — ^^^' 
from  any  parish  or  election  district,  the  General  Assembly  may  censu.s  for  the 
order  a  new  census  taken  in  such  parish  or  election  district;  basL  \or^aiv*' 
but  until  the  State  census  of  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-five  P?''tionment 

till    thp    vpflr 

the  apportionment  of  the  State  shall  be  made  on  the  basis  of  1875. 
the  census  of  the  United  States  for  the  year  eighteen  hundred 
and  seventy. 

Art.  21.     The  General  Assembly,  at  the  first  session  after 
the  making  of  each  enumeration,  shall  apportion  the  repre-The  General 
sentation   amongst   the   several   parishes   and   Representative  ^ppo^'ion'^rep- 
Districts,  on  the  basis  of  the  total  population,  as  aforesaid.    A  resentation. 
representative  number  shall  be  fixed,  and  each  parish  and  Rep-Representa- 
resentative  District  shall  have  as  many  Representatives  as  the  ^^'^^   number, 
number  of  its  total  population  will  entitle  it  to  have,  and  an  Additional 
additional  representative  for  any  fraction  exceeding  one-half  for ^an'>°fm(>° 
of  the  representative  number.    The  number  of  Representatives  one-hlir^'he^ 
shall  never  exceed  one  hundred  and  twenty,  nor  be  less  than  representative 
ninety.  ''"'^•'^^- 


143 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1868 


Art.  22.    Until  an  apportionment  shall  be  made  in  accord- 
Kep™esenta-      ance  with  the  provisions  of  article  twenty,  the  representation 
ponlonmelu'    in  t^e  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  shall  be  as  fol- 
lows: 


For  the  parish  of  Orleans: 
First  Representative  Dist.  2 


Second 

Third 

Fourth 

Fifth 

Sixth 

Seventh 

Eighth 

Ninth 

Tenth 


a 

4 
2 
2 
1 
2 
1 
2 
3 


Orleans,  right  bank 1 

Ascension 2 

Assumption   2 

Avoyelles    2 

Baton  Rouge,  East 3 

Baton  Rouge,  West 1 

Bienville 1 

Bossier    2 

Caddo   3 

Calcasieu   1 

Caldwell  1 

Carroll    2 

Catahoula   1 

Claiborne   2 

Concordia 2 

DeSoto    2 

Feliciana,  East 2 

Feliciana,   West 1 

Franklin 1 


Iberville   '^ 

Jackson    1 

Jefferson 4 

Lafayette  1 

Lafourche    2 

Livingston    1 

Madison   1 

Morehouse    1 

Natchitoches    2 

Ouachita    2 

Plaquemines    1 

Pointe  Coupee   2 

Rapides    3 

Sabine 1 

St.  Bernard 1 

St.    Charles 1 

St.  Helena 1 

St.  James 2 

St.  John  Baptist 1 

St.   Landry 4 

St.  Martin 2 

St.  Mary 2 

St.  Tammany I 

Tensas    2 

Terrebonne    2 

Union    1 

Vermilion 1 

Washington   1 

Winn 1 


Total,  one  hundred  and  one. 


Senatorial 
DlBtrlctB. 


First :  Three 
Senators. 


And  the  State  shall  be  divided  into  the  following  Sena- 
torial Districts,  to-wit : 

The  First,  Second,  and  Third  Representative  Districts  of 
New  Orleans,  shall  form  one  Senatorial  District,  and  elect 
three  Senators. 
Second :  The  Fourth,  Fifth,  and  Sixth  Representative  Districts  of 

rwo  Senators,  j^g^  Orleans,  shall  form  one  district,  and  elect  two  Senators. 

The  Seventh,  Eighth,  and  Ninth  Representative  Districts 
Third :  of  New  Orleans,  and  the  parish  of  St.  Bernard,  shall  form  one 

Two  Senators,  jigtrict,  and  elect  two  Senators. 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1868  143 

The  Tenth  Representative  District  of  New  Orleans  shall  p.^^^.^^ 
form  one  district,  and  elect  one  Senator.  One  Senator. 

Orleans,  right  bank,  and  the  parish  of  Plaquemines  shall   ^j^^j^  _ 
form  one  district,  and  elect  one  Senator.  ^i»e  Senator. 

The  parishes  of  Jefferson,  St.  Charles,  and  St.  John  Bap-  gj^^^ . 
tist  shall  form  one  district,  and  elect  two  Senators.  Two  Senators. 

The  parishes  of  Ascension  and  St.  James  shall  form  one  seventh : 
district,  and  elect  one  Senator.  One  Senator. 

The  parishes  of  Assumption,  Lafourche,  and  Terrebonne  Eighth . 
shall  form  one  district,  and  elect  two  Senators.  Two  Senators. 

The  parishes  of  Vermilion  and  St.  Mary  shall  form  one  ^inti, . 
district,  and  elect  one  Senator.  One  Senator. 

The  parishes  of  Calcasieu,  Lafayette,  and  St.  Landry  shall  Tenth  : 
form  one  district,  and  elect  two  Senators.  Two  Senatjrs. 

The  parishes  of  Livingston,  St.  Helena,  Washington  and  Eleventh : 
St.  Tammany  shall  form  one  district,  and  elect  ooe  Senator,      o°e  Senator. 

The  parishes  of  Pointe  Coupee,  East  Feliciana,  and  West  Twelfth : 
Feliciana  shall  form  one  district,  and  elect  two  Senators.  Two  Senators. 

The  parish  of  East  Baton  Rouge  shall  form  one  district,  Thirteenth : 
and  elect  one  Senator.  o^*"  Senator. 

The  parishes  of  West  Baton  Rouge,  Iberville,  and  St.  Fourteenth  .- 
Martin  shall  form  one  district,  and  elect  two  Senators.  ^°  Senators. 

The  parishes  of  Concordia  and  Avoyelles  shall  form  one  Fifteenth : 
district,  and  elect  one  Senator.  °°^  Senator. 

The  parishes  of  Tensas  and  Franklin  shall  form  one  dis-  Sixteenth  : 
trict,  and  elect  one  Senator.  ^  '  '^°^^°'"- 

The  parishes  of  Carroll,  Madison,  and  Morehouse  shall  Seventeenth : 
form  one  district,  and  elect  two  Senators.  °  '  *'°^^^''^- 

The  parishes  of  Ouachita  and  Caldwell  shall  form  one  Eighteenth  .- 
district,  and  elect  one  Senator.  '^"^  Senator. 

The  parishes  of  Jackson  and  Union  shall  form  one  dis-  Nineteenth  : 
trict,  and  elect  one  Senator.  ^""^  Senator. 

The  parishes  of  Bossier,  Bienville,  and  Claiborne  shall  Twentieth : 
form  one  district,  and  elect  two  Senators.  ^^°  Senators. 

The  parish  of  Caddo  shall  form  one  district,  and  elect  one  Twenty-first  • 
Senator.  0°«  Senator. 

The  parishes  of  DeSoto,  Natchitoches,  and  Sabine  shall  Twenty- 

,  ,•       •  1    1  o  second: 

form  one  district,  and  elect  two  Senators.  Two  Scnatord 

The  parish  of  Rapides  shall  form  one  district,  and  elect  Twenty-third, 
one  Senator.  ^^^  Senator.  ' 

The  parishes  of  Catahoula  and  Winn  shall  form  one  dis-  Twenty- 
trict,  and  elect  one  Senator.  One  Senator. 

Thirty-six  Senators  in  all. 

Art.  23.     The  House  of  Representatives  shall  choose  itsofflcers  of  the 
Speaker  and  other  officers.  House. 


244  CONSTITUTION   OF   1868 

Art.  24.  Electors,  in  all  cases  except  treason,  felony,  or 
pHvUege'r**^"  breach  of  the  peace,  shall  be  privileged  from  arrest  during 
from  arrest,    ^^gij.  attendance  on,  going  to,  and  returning  from  elections. 

Art.  25.     At  its  first  session  under  this  Constitution,  the 

General  Assembly  shall  provide  by  law,  that  the  names  and 

residence  of  all  qualified  electors  shall  be  registered  in  order  to 

Reaistration.   gj^^jtle  them  to  vote ;    but  the  registry  shall  be  free  of  cost  to 

the  elector. 

Art.  26.  No  person  shall  be  entitled  to  vote  at  any  elec- 
tion held  in  this  State,  except  in  the  parish  of  his  residence 
Place  of  vot-^^^  ^^  ^^^  election  precinct  in  which  he  is  registered;  Pro- 
vided, That  no  voter  in  removing  from  one  parish  to  another, 
shall  lose  the  right  to  vote  in  the  former,  until  he  has  acquired 
it  in  the  latter. 

Art.  27.     The  members  of  the  Senate  shall  be  elected  for 
Term  of  office  ^^^^  ^^™^  ^^  ^^^^^  years ;  and,  when  assembled,  the  Senate  shall 
of   Senators,    have  power  to  choose  its  own  officers,  except  as  hereinafter  pro- 
vided. 

Art.  28.     The  General  Assembly  shall  divide  the  State 

Senatorial        j^^o  Senatorial  Districts  whenever  it  apportions  representation 
districts. 

m  the  House  of  Kepresentatives. 

Art.  29.     ISTo  parish  shall  be  divided  in  the  formation  of  a 
Districts,  how  Senatorial  District,  the  parish  of  Orleans  excepted;  and  when- 
formed,  ^y^j.  a  new  parish  shall  be  created,  it  shall  be  attached  to  the 
Senatorial  District  from  which  most  of  its  territory  is  taken, 
or  to  another  contiguous  district,  at  the  discretion  of  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly ;  but  shall  not  be  attached  to  more  than  one  dis- 
Number  of       trict.     The  number  of  Senators  shall  be  thirty-six,  and  they 
..ena  ois.         f^]^i^\\  \)q  apportioned  among  the  Senatorial  Districts  according 
to  the  total  population  of  said  districts. 

Art.  30.  In  all  apportionments  of  the  Senate,  the  total 
population  of  the  State  shall  be  divided  by  the  number  thirty- 
ratio,  how  six,  and  the  result  produced  by  this  division  shall  be  the  Sena- 
obtained,  torial  ratio  entitling  a  Senatorial  District  to  a  Senator, 
single  or  con-  Single  or  contiguous  parishes. shall  be  formed  into  districts 
ishes  to  com- Having  a  population  the  nearest  possible  to  the  number  entit- 
pose  districts,  jjj^g.  ^  (jigtrict  to  a  Senator;  and  if  the  apportionment  to  make 
done  wheii  ap-a  ijarish  or  district  fall  short  of,  or  exceed  the  ratio,  then  a 
exceed°™or"'  J' strict  may  be  formed  having  not  more  than  two  Senators; 
falls  short  of  but  not  otherwise.    No  new  apportionment  shall  have  the  effect 

„      ■ ^^      of  nbridging  the  term  of  service  of  any  Senator  already  elected 

Isew   appor-  .  .  . 

tionment   not  at  the  time  of  making  the  apportionment.    After  an  enumera- 
term  of  ser-       f  i<"'n  ^^^^  been  made,  as  directed  in  the  twentieth  article,  the 

Z}^^i      4.    V-  General  Assembly  shall  not  pass  any  law  till  an  apportionment 
No  law  to  be  .      "^ .      ,      ,    _/  V.    i       ^  i    *  i  i      i 

passed  till  ol  representation  m  both  Houses  of  the  General  Assembly  be 
after    appor-  j 

tionment.  "i^^e. 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1868  145 

Art.  31.    At  the  first  session  of  the  General  Assembly, 
after  this  Constitution  goes  into  efiect,  the  Senators  shall  be  senators 
divided  equally  by  lot  into  two  classes,  the  seats  of  the  Senators  cilsses. 
cf  the  first  class  to  be  vacated  at  the  expiration  of  the  term  of 
the  first  House  of  Representatives;   those  of  the  second  class, 
i»t  the  expiration  of  the  term  of  the  second  House  of  Eepre-  genators 
senlatives;    so  that  one-half  shall  be  chosen  every  two  years  chosen^^every 
successively.   When  a  district  shall  have  elected  two  Senators, 
their  respective  terms  of  office  shall  be  determined  by  lot  be- 
tween themselves. 

Art.  32.     The  first  election  for  Senators  shall  be  held  at 
the  same  time  with  the  election  for  Representatives;  and  there-    ^^^    ^^  ^^^^ 
after  there  shall  be  elections  of  Senators  at  the  same  time  with  tion™  of  Sena- 
each  general  election  of  Representatives,  to  fill  the  places  of  tors, 
those  Senators  whose  term  of  office  may  have  expired. 

Art.  33.     Not  less  than  a  majority  of  the  members  of  each 
house  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  form  a  quorum  to  transact  Quorum, 
business ;  but  a  smaller  number  may  adjourn  from  day  to  day, 
and  shall  have  full  power  to  compel  the  attendance  of  absent 
members.  Each  House 

Art.  34.     Each  house  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  judge  the"'quaiiflca- 

of  the  qualifications,  election  and  returns  of  its  members;  but  t^o^^^tg^^^^^^^g'^" 

a  contested  election  shall  be  determined  in  such  manner  as  its   members. 

,  Mill  Contested 

may  be  prescribed  by  law.  elections. 

Art.  35.     Each  house  of  the  General  Assembly  may  deter-  Y^^^.^  House 
mine  the  rules  of  its  proceedings,  punish  a  member  for  disor-  to   determine 

_  ,    .      -,  1         Its     1  u  l*iS,      tu 

derly  conduct,  and,  with  a  concurrence  of  two-thirds,  expel  a  punish  and 
member;  but  not  a  second  time  for  the  same  offense.  ^g^|     ^^^ 

Art.  36.     Each  house  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  keep 

and  publish  weeklv  a  journal  of  its  proceedings ;   and  the  yeas  Journal  of 

-.  r    ^         "      ^  ,-  Tii-j-  proceedings , 

and  nays  of  the  members  on  any  question,  at  the  desire  oi  any  yeas  and  nays. 

two  of  them,  shall  be  entered  on  the  journal. 

Art.  3Y.     Each  house  may  punish,  by  imprisonment,  any  i>uiiisiiment 
person  not  a  member,  for  disrespect  and  disorderly  behavior  in  of  persons  not 
its  ])resenee,  or  for  obstructing  any  of  its  proceedings;    such 
imprisonment  shall  not  exceed  ten  days  for  any  one  offense. 

Art.  38,     Neither  house  shall  adjourn  for  more  than  three  *  ^iQurnment 
days,  nor  to  any  other  place  than  that  in  which  it  may  be  sit-  during  ses- 
ting,  during  the  sessions  of  the  General  Assembly,  without  the  ^  ^^^' 
consent  of  the  other. 

Art.  39.  The  members  of  the  General  Assembly  shall 
receive  from  the  public  treasury  a  compensation  for  their  ser- 
vices, which  shall  be  eight  dollars  per  day  during  their  attend-  ©f  members, 
ance,  going  to  and  returning  from  the  sessions  of  their  respec- 
tive houses.  This  compensation  may  be  increased,  or  dimin- 
ished by  Jaw,  but  no  alteration  shall  take  effect  during  the 


146  CONSTITUTION   OF   1868 

period  of  service  of  the  members  of  the  House  of  Representa- 

sesslon.  tives  by  which  such  alteration  shall  have  been  made.    No  ses- 

sion shall  extend  beyond  the  period  of  sixty  days,  to  date  from 
its  commencement;  and  any  legislative  action,  had  after  the 
expiration  of  said  period  of  sixty  days,  shall  be  null  and  void; 
but  the  first  General  Assembly  that  shall  convene  after  the 
adoption  of  this  Constitution,  may  continue  in  session  for  one 
hundred  and  twenty  days. 
Froodoin    of  Art.  40.     The  members  of  the  General  Assembly,  in  all 

meiiibcrs  f i-om  cjjggs  except  treason,  felony,  or  breach  of  the  peace,  shall  be 
privileged  from  arrest  during  their  attendance  at  the  sessions 
of  their  respective  houses,  and  going  to  or  returning  from  the 
same;  and  for  any  speech  or  debate  in  either  house,  shall  not 
be  questioned  in  any  other  place. 

Art.  41.     No  Senator  or  Representative,  during  the  term 

iiepi-L'sonta-  '   for  which  he  was  elected,  nor  for  one  year  thereafter,  shall  be 

*^[^!1"/"  Y-'rf'^'^PPoi^ted  to  any  civil  office  of  profit  under  this  State,  which 

ble.  "     shall  have  been  created,  or  the  emoluments  of  which  may  have 

been  increased  during  the  time  such  Senator  or  Representative 

was  in  office. 

Art.  42.     No  bill  shall  have  the  force  of  a  law,  until  on 
Formality  of   tliree  several  days  it  be  read  in  each  house  of  the  General 
enacting  'aws.  ^/^^^^ggj^^jy^  ^^^^j  £j,gg  discussion  allowed  thereon,  unless  four- 
fifths  of  the  house  where  the  bill  is  pending  may  deem  it  expe- 
dient to  dispense  with  this  rule. 

Art.  43.  All  bills  for  raising  revenue  shall  originate  in 
l*^'^''.""^  bills  ^]^Q  House  of  Representatives;  but  the  Senate  may  propose 
tiie  ii'iiuse.  I'mendments,  as  in  other  bills;  provided,  it  shall  not  introduce 
AmiMuinients  ^^y  matter,  Under  the  color  of  an  amendment,  which  does  not 
!n  the  Senate,  relate  to  raising  revenue. 

Ai{T.  44.  The  General  Assembly  shall  regulate  by  whom 
Uoi'/^to'^fiit'*'''"  "^'^'  ^^-  ^'^is*  manner  writs  of  election  shall  be  issued  to  fill  the 
vacancies.        vacancies  which  may  occur  in  either  branch  thereof. 

Art.  4.5.     On  the  confirmation  or  rejection  of  the  officers 
or  rejection     ^0  be  appointed  by  the  Governor,  with  the  advice  and  consent 
tfons*'"'"^        of  the  Senate,  the  vote  shall  be  by  yeas  and  nays,  and  the 
names  of  the  Senators  voting  for  and  against  the  appoint- 
ments, respectively,  shall  be  entered  on  the  journals  to  be  kept 
for  that  purpose,  and  made  public  on  or  before  the  end  of  each 

Eleetio  session. 

turns  made  to         Art.  46.    Returns  of  all  elections  for  members  of  the  Gen- 

o^'ktate!^^'''^'"^  eral  Assembly  shall  be  made  to  the  Secretary  of  State. 

Art.  47.     In  the  year  in  which  a  regular  election  for  a 

Senator  of  the  United  States  is  to  take  place,  the  members  of 
rn7te(i'"s*tates*^®  General  Assembly  shall  meet  in  the  ha]l  of  the  House  of 
Senator.  Representatives,  on  the  second  Monday  following  the  meeting 

of  the  General  Assembly,  and  proceed  to  said  election. 


CONSTITUTION   OF   1868  147 

TITLE  III. 

EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMET. 

Art.  48.     The  supreme  executive  power  of  the  State  shal!  Executive 

be  vested  in  a  chief  magistrate,  who  shall  be  styled  the  Gov-  power  of  the 

ernor  of  the  State  of  Louisiana.  He  shall  hold  his  office  during  whom    vested. 

the  term  of  four  years,  and,  together  with  the  Lieutenant  j^j*^''™^^?g^.^®5'^ 

Governor  chosen  for  the  same  term,  be  elected  as  follows :    The  and   Lieuten- 

-.   r,    -,     -,  ,•       T-.  ■  1     n        ^     J-       /-\  aiit    Governor, 

qualified  electors  for  Representatives  shall  vote  for  Governor 

and  Lieutenant  Governor  at  the  time  and  place  of  voting  for 

Representatives;    the  returns  of  every  election  shall  be  sealed  Election  re- 

up  and  transmitted  by  the  proper  returning  officer  to  the  Sec-  whom    made. 

retary  of  State,  who  shall  deliver  them  to  the  Speaker  of  the  ^/jJJ^^y  ^  ^^^ex- 

House  of  Representatives  on  the  second  day  of  the  session  of  amine  and 

the  General  Assembly  then  to  be  holden.    The  members  of  the  yotes. 

General  Assembly  shall  meet  in  the  House  of  Representatives 

to  examine  and  count  the  votes.  The  person  having  the  greatest 

number  of  votes  for  Governor,  shall  be  declared  duly  elected ;  oovVrnor  "and 

but  in  case  of  a  tie  vote  between  two  or  more  candidates,  one  T^i^^^tenant 

» Governor    in 

of  them  shall  immediately  be  chosen  Governor  by  joint  vote  of  ease  of  a  tie. 

the  members  of  the  General  Assembly.    The  person  having  the 

greatest  number  of  votes  polled  for  Lieutenant  Governor,  shall 

be  Lieutenant  Governor;    but  in  case  of  a  tie  vote  between 

two  or  more  candidates,  one  of  them  shall  be  immediately 

chosen  Lieutenant  Governor  by  joint  vote  of  the  members  of 

the  General  Assembly. 

Art.  49.  No  person  shall  be  eligible  to  the  office  of  Gov  •  persons  eii,«;i- 
ernor  or  Lieutenant  Governor,  who  is  not  a  citizen  of  the  JjJ^j.Jj^  oV^Gov- 
United  States  and  a  resident  of  this  State  two  years  next  pre-  ernor  and 

T        T  ■       1      .■  IJeutenant 

ceding  his  election.  Governor. 

Art.  50.     The  Governor  shall  be  ineligible  for  the  sue-  ^^^.p^nor   in- 
ceeding  four  years  after  the  expiration  of  the  time  for  which  eligible  for 
he  shall  have  been  elected.  '       .   ■   ^• 

Art.  51.     The  Governor  shall  enter  on  the  discharge  ol  .. 

,.-,.  1  i-.«-i--r  •!•    G'-'vernor,    his 

his  duties  on  the  second  Monday  m  January  next  ensuing  his  entry    upon 
election,  and  shall  continue  in  office  until  the  Monday  next  |^pp  Tn  office, 
succeeding  the  day  that  his  successor  shall  be  declared  duly 
elected,  and  shall  have  taken  the  oath  or  affirmation  required 
by  the  Constitution. 

Art.  52.     No  member  of  Congress,  or  any  person  holding ?'-r.T^be'-s  ^^ ^ 
office  under  the  United  States  Government,  shall  be  eligible  tOfTnifed   s*^"*"- 
the  office  of  Governor  or  Lieutenant  Governor.  ^nV'e'"*'   ^^^^ 

Art.  53.     In  case  of  impeachment  of  the  Governor,  his 
removal  from  office,  death,  refusal,  or  inability  to  qualify,  or  jtis    puc-cessor 
to  discharge  the  powers  and  duties  of  his  office,  resignation  or  in  office. 
absence  from  the  State,  the  powers  and  duties  of  the  office 
shall  devolve  upon  the  Lieutenant  Governor  for  the  residue  of 


148  CONSTITUTION   OF   1868 

the  term,  or  until  the  Governor,  absent  or  impeached,  shall 
case  of  re-  return  or  be  acquitted,  or  the  disability  be  removed.  The 
both^^Go'voinor^^^G^^l  Assembly  may  provide  by  law  for  the  case  of  removal, 
and  Lieu  ten-  impeachment,  death,  resignation,  disability,  or  refusal  to  qual- 
Ueiitenant  ify,  of  both  the  Governor  and  the  Lieutenant  Governor,  de- 
Governor,         claring  what  officer  shall  act  as  Governor;    and  such  officer 

shall  act  accordingly,  until  the  disability  be  removed,  or  for 

the  remainder  of  the  term. 

Art.  54.     The  Lieutenant  Governor,  or  officer  discharg- 

wiien  to  re-     [ncr  the  duties  of  Governor,  shall,  during  his  administration, 

ceive   the  com-  .  . 

pcnsation    of  receive  the  same  compensation  to  which  the  Governor  would 

Governor.         have  been  entitled,  had  he  continued  in  office. 

Art.  55.     The  Lieutenant  Governor  shall,  by  virtue  oi 

Goveiiioi-  his  office,  be  President  of  the  Senate,  but  shall  vote  only  when 

thT^Seniiie"^^   the  Senate  is  equally  divided.    Wl:ienever  he  shall  administer 

the  Government,  or  shall  be  unable  to  attend  as  President  of 

pro  tem.  the  Senate,  the  Senators  shall  elect  one  of  their  own  members 

as  President  of  the  Senate  for  the  time  being. 

Art.  56.     The  Governor  shall  receive  a  salary  of  eight 

Sal.ll'V     ol  ,  1       T    n  11  1  1    • 

Governor.         thousand  dollars  per  annum,  payable  quarterly,  on  his  own 
warrant. 
.  Art.  57.     The  Lieutenant  Governor  shall  receive  a  salary 

i.:o'iueuam       of  three  thousand  dollars  per  annum,  payable  quarterly,  upon 
io\eiiioi.         j^-g  ^,^^^  warrant. 

Art.  58.     The  Governor  shall  have  power  to  grant   re- 

Repneves.  .  .  ,,      „  •  i       o  i 

pardons,  etc.  prieves  for  all  oiienses  against  the  btate;  and,  except  m  cases 
of  impeachment,  shall,  with  the  consent  of  the  Senate,  have 
power  to  grant  pardons,  remit  fines  and  forfeitures,  after  con- 
viction. In  cases  of  treason,  he  may  grant  reprieves  until  the 
end  of  the  next  session  of  the  General  Assembly,  in  which  the 
power  of  pardoning  shall  be  vested.  In  cases  when  the  pun- 
ishment is  not  imprisonment  at  hard  labor,  the  party,  upon 
being  reprieved  by  the  Governor,  shall  be  released,  if  in  actual 
custody,  until  final  action  by  the  Senate. 
Governor  Art.  59.     He  shall  be  commander  in  chief  of  the  militia 

In-Chief.  of  this  State,  except  when  they  shall  be  called  into  the  service 

of  the  United  States. 

Art.  60.     He  shall  nominate,  and,  by  and  with  the  advice 

and   a'"'  i'.-     and  consent  of  the  Senate,  appoint  all  officers  whose  offices  aro 

t'he  Gove^raor   established  by  the  Constitution,  and  whose  appointments  are 

not  herein  otherwise  provided  for;    Provided,  however,  That 

the  General  Assembly  shall  have  a  right  to  prescribe  the  mode 

of  appointment  to  all  other  offices  established  by  law. 

I'ower  of  the  Art.  G1.     The  Governor  shall  have  power  to  fill  vacancies 

Governor    to   that  may  happen  durinc:  the  recess  of  the  Senate,  by  granting 

fill    va' ancles.  .      .  i-   i      i     n  •  ,   ,i  j      r  .i  Z. 

commissions,  which  shall  expire  at  the  end  of  the  next  session 
thereof,  unless  otherwise  provided  for  in  this  Constitution; 


CONSTITUTION   OF   1868  1  U) 

but  no  person  who  has  been  nominated  for  oiEce  and  rejected 
by  the  Senate,  shall  be  appointed  to  the  same  office  during  the 
recess  of  the  Senate. 

Art.  62.  He  may  require  information  in  writing  from  luiormatiu.i 
the  officers  in  the  executive  department  upon  any  subject  ti ve^oii!lv .'L 
relating  to  the  duties  of  their  respective  offices. 

Art.  63.     He  shall,  from  time  to  time,  give  the  General 
Assembly  information  respecting  the  situation  of  the  State,  ti..--,  iJ  ['['\ 
and  recommend  to  their  consideration  such  measures  as  ^le  ^e^mbjy '    '^' 
may  deem  expedient. 

Art.  64.     He  may,  on  extraordinary  occasions,  convene 
the  General  Assembly   at  the  seat   of  Government,   or  at  a  Governor  to'' 
different  place,  if  that  should  have  become  dangerous  from  an  loTcHouru  Uie 
enemy  or  from  epidemic ;    and  in  case  of  disagreement  be-  ueuerai  As- 
tween  the  two  houses  as  to  the  time  of  adjournment,  he  may  ^^^    ^' 
adjourn  them  to  such  time  as  he  may  think  proper,  not  exceed- 
ing four  months. 

Art.  65.     He  shall  take  care  that  the  laws  be  faithfully  Execution  of 
executed.  ^ 

Art.  66.     Every  bill  which  shall  have  passed  both  houses. 

shall  be  presented  to  the  Governor;    if  he  approve,  he  shall  t^*"'^J' "/ *'<?^' 
.  .  ,  ernor   In   sign- 

sign  it;   if  he  do  not,  he  shall  return  it,  with  his  objections,  to  ing  or  vetolnf; 

the  house  in  which  it  originated,  which  shall  enter  the  objec-  Qp^Qprai  as- 

tions  at  large  upon  its  journal,  and  proceed  to  reconsider  it.  semMy 

If,  after  such  reconsideration,  two-thirds  of  all  the  members 

present  in  that  house  shall  agree  to  pass  the  bill,  it  shall  be 

sent,  with  the  objections,  to  the  other  house,  by  which  it  shall 

likewise  be  reconsidered;    and  if  approved  by  two-thirds  of 

the  members  present  in  that  house,  it  shall  be  a  law.    But  in 

such  cases  the  vote  of  both  houses  shall  be  determined  by  yeas 

and  nays,  and  the  names  of  members  voting  for  or  against  the 

bill  shall  be  entered  on  the  journal  of  each  house  respectively. 

If  any  bill  shall  not  be  returned  by  the  Governor  within  five 

days  after  it  shall  have  been  presented  to  him,  it  shall  be  a 

law  in  like  manner  as  if  he  had  signed  it;   unless  the  General 

Assembly,  by  adjournment,  prevents  its  return;  in  which  case 

the  said  bill  shall  be  returned  on  the  first  day  of  the  meeting 

of  the  General  Assembly  after  the  expiration  of  said  five  days, 

or  be  a  law. 

Art.  67.     Every  order,  resolution,  or  vote,  to  which  the 
concurrence  of  both  houses  may  be  necessary,  except  on  a  the'^app'rlnaP 
question  of  adjournment,  shall  be  presented  to  the  Governor;  of  th^  <'0v 
and,  before  it  shall  take  effect,  be  approved  by  him,  or,  being 
disapproved,  shall  be  repassed  by  two-thirds  of  the  members 
present. 


150 


CONSTITUTION   OF   1868 


Secretary   of 
Sfate  ;  his 
term  of  oiuce 
and  duties. 


Treasurer    of 
the  State  and 
Audi  tor  of 
rublic 
Accounts. 


Terras  of 
offlce. 

Secretary   of 
State,   Treas- 
urer and  Aud- 
itor   elective. 


Vacancies, 
how  filled. 


Salaries. 


Commissions. 


Art.  68.  There  shall  be  a  Secretary  of  State,  who  shall 
hold  his  office  during  the  term  for  which  the  Governor  shall 
have  been  elected.  The  records  of  the  State  shall  be  kept  and 
preserved  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary;  he  shall  keep  a  fair 
register  of  the  official  acts  and  proceedings  of  the  Governor, 
and,  when  necessary,  shall  attest  them;  he  shall,  when  re- 
(juired,  lay  the  said  register,  and  all  papers,  minutes,  and 
vouchers  relative  to  his  office,  before  either  house  of  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly,  and  shall  perform  such  other  duties  as  may  be 
enjoined  on  him  by  law. 

Art.  69.  There  shall  be  a  Treasurer  of  the  State  and  an 
Auditor  of  Public  Accounts,  who  shall  hold  their  respective 
offices  during  the  term  of  four  years.  At  the  first  election 
under  this  Constitution,  the  Treasurer  shall  be  elected  for 
two  years. 

Art.  70.  The  Secretary  of  State,  Treasurer  and  Auditor 
of  Public  Accounts  shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  electors  of 
the  State;  and  in  case  of  any  vacancy,  caused  by  the  resigna- 
tion, death,  or  absence  of  the  Secretary,  Treasurer  or  Auditor, 
the  Governor  shall  order  an  election  to  fill  said  vacancies ; 
Provided,  The  unexpired  term  to  be  filled  be  more  than  twelve 
month?!.  When  otherwise,  the  Governor  shall  appoint  a  person 
to  perform  the  duties  of  the  office  thus  vacant  until  the  ensu- 
ing general  election. 

Art.  71.  The  Treasurer  and  the  Auditor  shall  receive  a 
salary  of  five  thousand  dollars  per  annum  each.  The  Secre- 
tary of  State  shall  receive  a  salary  of  three  thousand  dollars 
per  annum. 

Art.  72.  All  commissions  shall  be  in  the  tiame  and  by 
the  authority  of  the  State  of  Louisiana;  and  shall  be  sealed 
with  the  State  seal,  signed  by  the  Governor,  and  countersigned 
by  the  Secretary  of  State. 


TITLE  IV. 


.Tudlclal 
power,  how 
vested. 


Supreme 
''  II  rt.    juris- 
diction of. 


JUDICIARY  DEPARTMENT. 

Art.  73.  The  judicial  power  shall  be  vested  in  a  Supreme 
Court,  in  district  courts,  in  parish  courts,  and  in  justices  of 
the  peace. 

Art.  74.  The  Supreme  Court,  except  in  cases  hereinafter 
provided,  shall  have  appellate  jurisdiction  only;  which  juris- 
diction shall  extend  to  all  cases  when  the  matter  in  dispute 
shall  exceed  five  hundred  dollars ;  and  to  all  cases  in  which  the 
constitutionality  or  legality  of  any  tax,  toll,  or  impost  of  any 
kind  or  nature  whatsoever,  or  any  fine,  forfeiture,  or  penalty 
imposed  by  a  municipal  corporation,  shall  be  in  contestation, 
whatever  may  be  the  amount  thereof;    and  in  such  cases  the 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1868  151 

appeal  shall  be  direct  from  the  court  in  which  the  case  origi- 
nated, to  the  Supreme  Court;  and  in  criminal  cases,  on  ques- 
tions of  law  only,  whenever  the  punishment  of  death,  or  im- 
prisonment at  hard  labor,  or  a  fine  exceeding  three  hundred 
dollars,  is  actually  imposed. 

Art.  75.     The  Supreme  Court  shall  be  composed  of  one 
Chief  Justice  and  four  Associate  Justices,  a  majority  of  whom  and*^^Assocla!e 
shall  constitute  a  quoriun.     The  Chief  Justice  shall  receive  a  Justices, 
salary  of  seven  thousand  five  hundred  dollars,  and  each  of  the 
Associate  Justices  a  salary  of  seven  thousand  dollars,  annu-  Salaries, 
ally,  payable  quarterly  on  their   own  warrants.     The   Chief 
Justice  and  the  Associate  Justices  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Appointment. 
Governor,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  for  the 
term  of  eight  years.     They  shall  be  citizens  of  the  United  Qualifications. 
States,  and  shall  have  practiced  law  for  five  years,  the  last 

three  thereof  next  preceding  their  appointment,  in  the  State. 

■        •  TIT  xu         Power  to  ap- 

The  court  shall  appomt  its  own  clerks,  and  may  remove  tnem  point  clerks. 

at  pleasure. 

Art.  76.     The  Supreme  Court  shall  hold  its  sessions  in 
the  city  of  New  Orleans  from  the  first  Monday  in  the  month  Sessions  of 
of  November  to  the  end  of  the  month  of  May.     The  General  '■""'■'^■ 
Assembly  shall  have  power  to  fix  the  sessions  elsewhere  during 
the  rest  of  the  year;    until  otherwise  provided,  the  sessions 
shall  be  held  as  heretofore. 

Art.   77.     The   Supreme  Court  and  each  of  the  judges  j^^^^  ^^  ^^^..^.^ 

thereof,  shall  have  power  to  issue  writs  of  habeas  corpus,  at  of  habeas 

the  instance  of  persons  in  actual  custody,  in  cases  when  they 

may  have  appellate  jurisdiction. 

Art.  78.     No  judgment  shall  be  rendered  by  the  Supreme 
/-.        .         -.T        X  ,  •      .,  -J.!,     Majority  of 

Court,  without  a  concurrence  of  a  majority  composing  the  ^ne  judges  to 

court.    Whenever  a  majority  cannot  concur  in  consequence  of  |j"of™^°Qgg 

the  recusation  of  any  member  of  the  court,  the  judges  not  when   roncur- 

recused  shall  have  power  to  call  upon  any  judge  or  judges  of  po^^ffji^    ™" 

the  district  courts,  whose  duty  it  shall  be,  when  so  called  upon, 

to  preside  in  the  place  of  the  judge  or  judges  recused,  and  to 

aid  in  determining  the  case. 

Art.  79.     All  judges,  by  virtue  of  their  office,  shall  be  j^^i^pg   po^. 
conservators  of  the  peace  throughout  the  State.     The  style  of  servators  of 
all  processes  shall  be  "  The  State  of  Louisiana."    All  prosecu-  style   oi*'"pro- 
tions  shall  be  carried  on  in  the  name  and  by  the  authority  of  p^roTecu^kms'^' 
the  State  of  Louisiana,  and  conclude,  "Against  the  peace  and 
dignity  of  the  same." 

Art.  80.     The  judges  of  all  courts,  whenever  practicable,  J°^  fud^esTo'^^' 
shall  refer  to  the  law,  in  virtue  of  which  every  definitive  judg-  refer  to  the 
ment  is  rendered;   but  in  all  cases  they  shall  adduce  the  rea- 
sons on  which  their  judgment  is  founded.  ,    ,„„    ,,„    „ 

.        Judges  lla^-e 

Art.  81.     The  judges  of  all  courts  shall  be  liable  to  im-  to  impeach- 
peachment  for  crimes  and  misdemeanors.    For  any  reasonable  movai. 


152  COKSTITUTION   OF   18G8 

cause,  the  Governor  shall  remove  any  of  them,  on  the  address 

of  two-thirds  of  the  members  elected  to  each  house  of  the 

General  Assembly.    In  every  such  case  the  cause  or  causes  for 

which  such  removal  may  be  required,  shall  be  stated  at  length 

in  the  address  and  inserted  in  the  journal  of  each  house. 

Art.  82.    No  duties  or  functions  shall  ever  be  attached  by 

Functions  at-  j^w  to  the  Supreme  and  District  Courts  or  the  several  judges 
taclied  to  the  ^  .,..,  ,,  •i-i  •>      ° 

Supreme   and  tliereol,  but  such  as  are  judicial;   and  the  said  judges  are  pro- 

(^am-ts.*^^  hibited  from  receiving  any  fees  of  office,  or  other  compensa- 

tion than  their  salaries,  for  any  official  duties  performed  by 
them. 

Art.  83.  The  General  Assembly  shall  divide  the  State 
sf  te  'ivided  ^"**^  judicial  districts,  which  shall  remain  unchanged  for  four 
Into  judicial  years;  and  for  each  district  court,  one  judge,  learned  in  the 
law,  shall  be  elected  for  each  district  by  a  plurality  of  the 
^•^'^^rt^fcn^eac  Q^i^^ifi^d  electors  thereof.  For  each  district  there  shall  be  one 
district,  ex-  district  court,  except  in  the  parish  of  Orleans,  in  which  the 
parish"of"  General  Assembly  may  establish  as  many  district  courts  as  the 
Orleans.  public  interests  may  require.    Until  otherwise  provided,  there 

Seven  district  shall  be  seven  district  courts  for  the  parish  of  Orleans,  with 
paris\i  ot  ^  the  following  original  jurisdiction  the  First,  exclusive  crimi- 
orieans.  i^gi  jurisdiction;    the  Second,  exclusive  probate  jurisdiction; 

Jurisdiction  the  Third,  exclusive  jurisdiction  of  appeals  from  justices  of 
(M-ieanf'  "^  the  peace;  the  Fourth,  Fifth,  Sixth  and  Seventh  District 
Courts,  exclusive  jurisdiction  in  all  civil  cases,  except  probate, 
when  the  sum  in  contest  is  above  one  hundred  dollars,  exclu- 
sive of  interest.  These  seven  courts  shall  also  have  such  fur- 
ther jurisdiction,  not  inconsistent  herewith,  as  shall  be  confer- 
red by  law. 
Number  of  The  number  of  districts  in  the  State  shall  not  be  less  than 

tric'ts'^'  ^^^      twelve  nor  more  than  twenty.    The  clerks  of  the  district  courts 
Clerks  eiec-      shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  electors  of  their  respective 
parishes,  and  shall  hold  their  office  for  four  years. 

Art.  84.    Each  of  said  judges  shall  receive  a  salary  to  be 

salaries.  fixed   by   law,   which   .shall   not   be   increased   or   diminished 

during  his  term  of  office,  and  shall  never  be  less  than  five 

(^uaiiflcations.  thousand  dollars.    He  must  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States, 

over  the  age  of  twenty-five  years,  and  have  resided  in  the  Stat€ 

and  practiced  law  therein  for  the  space  of  two  years  next  pre- 

Term  of  office.  ^^^^^  j^jg  election.     The  judges  of  the  district  courts  shall 

holcl  their  office  for  the  term  of  four  years. 
Turisdictlon  Art.  85.     The  district  court  shall  have  original  jurisdic- 

of  district  tion  in  all  civil  cases,  when  the  amount  in  dispute  exceeds  five 
hundred  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest.  In  criminal  cases  their 
jurisdiction  shall  be  unlimited.  They  shall  have  appellate 
jurisdiction  in  civil  ordinary  suits  when  the  amount  in  dispute 
exceeds  one  hundred  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest. 


CONSTITUTION   OF   1868  153 

Art.  80.    For  each  parish  court  one  judge  shall  be  elected 
by  the  qualified  electors  of  the  parish.    He  shall  hold  his  office  judge  elective 
for  the  term  of  two  years.    He  shall  receive  a  salary  and  fees  sa[^y°^  offltc. 
to  be  provided  by  law.     Until  otherwise  provided,  each  parish 
judge  shall  receive  a  salary  of  one  thousand  two  hundred  dol- 
lars per  annum  and  such  fees  as  are  established  by  law  for 

clerks  of  district  courts.    He  shall  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  _     ,,„    ^, 

Qualifications. 

States  and  of  this  State. 

Art.  87.     The  parish  courts  shall  have  concurrent  juris- 
diction with  the  justices  of  the  peace  in  all  cases,  when  the  ^^ ^p^p'j^g*^^"^ 
amount  in  controversy  is  more  than  twenty-five  dollars  and  courts  in  civii 
less  than   one  hundred  dollars,  exclusive  of   interest.     They 
shall  have  exclusive  original  jurisdiction  in  ordinary  suits  in 
all  cases,  when  the  amount  in  dispute  exceeds  one  hundred 
dollars  and  does  not  exceed  five  hundred  dollars;   subject  to  an 
appeal  to  the  districl  court  in  all  cases,  when  the  amount  in 
contestation  exceeds  one  hundred  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest. 
All   successions   shall   be   opened   and   settled   in   the   parish 
courts;    and  all  suits  in  which  a  succession  is  either  plaintiff 
or  defendant,  may  be  brought  either  in  the  parish  or  district 
court,  according  to  the  amount  involved.    In  criminal  matters  .iiirisdlctlon 
the  parish  courts  shall  have  jurisdiction  in  all  cases  when  the  cases, 
penalty   is   not   necessarily   imprisonment   at   hard   labor,    or 
death,  and  when  the  accused  shall  waive  trial  by  jury.     They 
shall  also  have  the  power  of  committing  magistrates,  and  such  wers. 

other  jurisdiction  as  may  be  conferred  on  them  by  law.    There  ^^  ^^.j^j  ^ 
shall  be  no  trial  by  juiy  before  the  parish  courts.  jury. 

Art.  88.    In  all  probate  matters,  when  the  amount  in  dis-  ,         ,  ^ 

,„,         iiin  !•  r   ■  Appeal  to    ue 

pute  shall  exceed  five  hundred  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest,  Supreme 

the  appeal  shall  be  directly  from  the  parish  to  the  Supreme  '-'^"'■'^• 
Court. 

Abt.  89.     The  Justices  of  the  Peace  shall  be  elected  by  the 
electors  of  each  parish,  in  the  manner  to  be  provided  by  the  peace  elective. 
General  Assembly.    They  shall  hold  office  for  the  term  of  two  com™  ensaXn! 
years,  and  their  compensation  shall  be  fixed  by  law.     Their  Jurisdict.on. 
jurisdiction  in  civil  cases  shall  not  exceed  one  hundred  dollars, 
exclusive  of  interest,  subject  to  an  appeal  to  the  parish  court 
in  all  cases,  when  the  amount  in  dispute  shall  exceed  ten  dol- 
lars,  exclusive   of   interest.     They  shall  have   such   criminal 
jurisdiction  as  shall  be  provided  for  by  law. 

Art.  90.     If  any  case,  when  the  judge  may  be  recused, 
and  when  he  is  not  personally  interested  in  the  matters  in  con-  ceedfnK'in'^'^ 
testation,  he  shall  select  a  lawyer,  having  the  qualifications  case  of  recu- 
remnred  for  a  judge  of  his  court,  to  try  such  cases.    And  when  judge, 
the  judje  is  personally  interested  in  the  suit,  he  shall  call  upon 
the  parish  or  district  judge,  as  the  case  may  be,  to  try  the  case. 


154 


CONSTITUTION    OF   1868 


Salary. 


Art.  01.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  power  to  vest 
As^einbiy  may  in  the  parish  judges  the  right  to  grant  such  orders  and  to  do 
vest  m  pa''^''such  acts  as  may  be  deemed  necessary  for  the  furtherance  of 

juuges    tur-  .... 

tuer  powers,    the  administration  of  justice;  and  in  all  cases  the  power,  thus 
granted,  shall  be  specified  and  determined. 

Art.  92.  There  shall  be  an  Attorney  General  for  the 
emf^eiective"  State  who  shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  electors  of  the  State 

at  large.     He  shall  receive  a  salary  of  five  thousand  dollars 

per  annum,  payable  quarterly,  on  his  own  warrant,  and  shall 
instrk-t  a. -or- told  his  ofiice  for  four  years.  There  shall  be  a  district  attorney 
neys  eiecLxve.  fQj.  qqqI^  judicial  district  of  the  State,  who  shall  be  elected  by 

the  qualified  electors  of  the  judicial  district.  lie  shall  receive 
termpf^omce.  ^  salary  of  fifteen  hundred  dollars,  payable  quarterly,  on  his 

own  warrant,  and  shall  hold  his  office  for  four  years. 

A-RT.  93.  There  shall  be  a  sheriff  and  coroner  elected  by 
the  qualified  electors  of  each  parish,  except  the  parish  of 
Orleans.  In  the  parish  of  Orleans,  there  shall  be  elected  by 
the  qualified  electors  of  the  parish  at  large,  one  sheriff  for  the 
criminal  court,  who  shall  be  tJae  executive  oiEcer  of  said  court, 
and  shall  have  charge  of  the  parish  prison.  There  shall  also 
be  elected,  by  the  qualified  electors  of  the  parish  at  large,  one 
sheriff  who  shall  be  the  executive  ofiicer  of  the  civil  courts,  and 
who  shall  perform  all  other  duties  heretofore  devolving  upon 
the  sheriff  of  the  Parish  of  Orleans,  except  those  herein  dele- 
gated to  the  sheriff  of  the  criminal  court.  The  qualified  elec- 
tors of  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  residing  below  the  middle  of 
Canal  street,  shall  elect  one  coroner  for  that  district;  and  the 
qualified  electors  of  the  city  of  New  Orleans,  residing  above 
the  middle  of  Canal  street,  together  with  those  residing  in 
that  part  of  the  parish  known  as  Orleans,  right  bank,  shall 
elect  one  coroner  for  that  district.  All  of  said  officers  shall 
hold  their  office  for  two  years,  and  receive  such  fees  of  office  as 
may  be  prescribed  by  law. 

Art.  94.  No  judicial  powers,  except  as  committing  mag- 
istrates in  criminal  cases,  shall  be  conferred  on  any  officers 
otlier  than  those  mentioned  in  this  title,  except  such  as  may  be 
necessary  in  towns  and  cities ;  and  the  judicial  powers  of  such 
officers  shall  not  extend  further  than  the  cognizance  of  cases 
arising  under  the  police  regulations  of  towns  and  cities  in  the 
State.  In  any  case  where  such  officers  shall  assume  jurisdic- 
tion over  other  matters  than  those  which  may  arise  under 
police  regulations,  or  under  their  jurisdiction  as  committing 
juHs^di'ctlon.'  magistrates,  they  shall  be  liable  to  an  action  of  damages,  in 
favor  of  the  party  injured  or  his  heirs;  and  a  verdict  in  favor 
of  the  party  injured  shall,  ipso  facta .  operate  a  vacation  of  the 
office  of  said  officer. 


SheriEf  and 

coroner 

elective. 


Tn  the  '^aiisb 
of  Orleans 
two   sheriffs 
elective. 


Two   coroners 
for  the  city  of 
New    Orleans 
and  parish  of 
(Orleans. 


Salaries  aiu 
terms  of 
office. 


Officers  re- 
stricted   In 
the  exercise 
of  judicial 
powers. 


Illegal  as 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1868  155 

TITLE  V. 

IMPEACHMENT. 

Art.  95.     The  power  of  impeachment  shall  be  vested  in  impeachment, 
the  House  of  Representatives. 

Art.    96.     Impeaclmients    of   the    Governor,    Lieutenant  j^^p^^^j^^^^^^^ 
Governor,  Attorney  General,  Secretary  of  State,  Auditor  of  triable  by  .ae 
Public  Accounts,  State  Treasurer,  Superintendent  of  Public  ^^°^*^' 
Education,  and  of  the  judges  of  the  inferior  courts,  justices 
of  the  peace  excepted,  shall  be  tried  by  the  Senate ;   the  Chief  chief  Justice 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  or  the  senior  associate  judge  ^ssoc^iate^  Jus- 
thereof,  shall  preside  during  the  trial  of  such  impeachments,  ti^e   to   pre- 
Impeachments  of  the  judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  shall  be 
tried  by  the  Senate.  Wlien  sitting  as  a  Court  of  Impeachment,  senators  to  be 
the  Senators  shall  be  upon  oath  or  affirmation,  and  no  person  'j[^"°jjj^°^^^^  "'" 
shall  be  convicted  without  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds  of  the 
Senators  present. 

Art.  97.  Judgments  in  cases  of  impeachment  shall  extend  -j^^^-pnt  of 
only  to  removal  from  office  and  disqualification  from  holding  Judgments, 
any  office  of  honor,  trust  or  profit  in  the  State;   but  the  con- 
victed parties  shall,   nevertheless,  be   subject   to  indictment, 
trial  and  punishment  according  to  law. 

TITLE  VI. 

general  provisions. 

Art.  98.  Every  male  person  of  the  age  of  twenty-one 
years  or  upwards,  born  or  naturalized  in  the  United  States,  Electors, 
and  subject  to  the  jurisdiction  thereof,  and  a  resident  of  this 
State  one  year  next  preceding  an  election,  and  the  last  ten 
days  within  the  parish  in  which  lie  offers  to  vote,  shall  be 
deemed  an  elector,  except  those  disfranchised  by  this  Consti- 
tution, and  persons  under  interdiction. 

Art.  99.     The  following  persons  shall  he  prohibited  from  classes  of 
voting  and  holding  any  office :  All  persons  who  shall  have  been  tr^ancMsed.'" 
convicted  of  treason,  perjury,  forgery,  bribery,  or  other  crime 
punishable  in  the  penitentiary,  and  persons  under  interdiction. 

All  persons  who  are  estopped  from  claiming  the  right  of 
suffrage  by  abjuring  their  allegiance  to  the  United  States  Gov- 
ernment, or  by  notoriously  levying  war  against  it,  or  adhering 
t<:  its  enemies,  giving  them  aid  or  comfort,  but  who  have  not 
expatriated  themselves,  nor  have  been  convicted  of  any  of  the 
crimes  mentioned  in  the  first  paragraph  of  this  article,  are 
hereby  restored  to  the  said  right,  except  the  following:  Those 
who  held  office,  civil  or  military,  for  one  year  or  more,  under 
the  organization  styled  "  The  Confederate  States  of  Amer- 


156  CONSTITUTION   OF   1868 

ica ;"  those  who  registered  themselves  as  enemies  of  the  United 
States;  those  who  acted  as  leaders  of  guerrilla  bands  during 
the  late  rebellion ;  those  who,  in  the  advocacy  of  treason,  wrote 
or  published  newspaper  articles  or  preached  sermons  during 
the  late  rebellion ;  and  those  who  voted  for  and  signed  an  ordi 
nance  of  secession  in  any  State. 

No  person  included  in  these  exceptions  shall  either  vote  or 
Certificate   of  hold  office  until  he  shall  have  relieved  himself  by  voluntarily 
V, riling  and  signing  a  certificate  setting  forth  that  he  acknowl- 
edge s  the  late  rebellion  to  have  been  morally  and  politically 
wrong,  and  that  he  regrets  any  aid  and  comfort  he  may  have 
C'lven  it;    and  he  shall  file  the  certificate  in  the  office  of  the 
Scciotary  of  State,  and  it  shall  be  published  in  the  official 
I'ersons  aid-    journal;    Provided,  That  no  person  who,  prior  to  the  first  of 
struction  January,  eighteen  hundred  and  si:sty-eight,  favored  the  execu- 

ll^^\  *°j,''^';'^''ticn  of  tlie  laws  of  the  United  States,  popularly  known  as  the 
not  disfian-  Reconstruction  Acts  of  Con^'ress,  and  openly  and  actively 
assisted  the  loyal  men  of  the  State  in  their  efforts  to  restore 
Oath  of  persou  j^  jgj  ^^  to  her  position  in  the  Union,  shall  be  held  to  be 
prima   fauie  i  i         •  i       -n      ■ 

evideuce  of       im.'lu'lfc^  among  those  herein  excepted.     Registrars  of  voters 

benefit  of  this  shall  take  the  oath  of  any  such  person  as  prima  facie  evidence 
proviso.  pf  |]^(-.  fa(.^  (^]-,g^  ]^g  jg  entitled  to  the  benefit  of  this  proviso. 

Oath  of  (.nice.  Art.   100.     Members   of  the   General   Assembly  and   all 

other  officers,  before  they  enter  upon  the  duties  of  their  offices, 
shall  ti.ke  the  following  oath  or  affirmation:  "I,  (A.  B.),  do 
solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  accept  the  civil  and  political 
tfjuality  of  all  men,  and  agree  not  to  attempt  to  deprive  any 
l)erson  or  persons,  on  account  of  race,  color,  or  previous  condi- 
tion, of  any  political  or  civil  right,  privilege,  or  immunity 
enjoyed  by  any  other  class  of  men;  that  I  will  support  the 
Constitution  and  laws  of  the  United  States,  and  the  Constitu- 
tion and  lows  of  this  State;  and  that  I  will  faithfully  and 
impartially  discharge  and  perform  all  the  duties  incumbent 

on  me  as ,  according  to  the  best  of  my  ability  and 

undersianding.     So  help  me  God." 

^  „  .  .         .  Art.  101.     Tieason  against  the  State  shall  consist  only 

Detinilion    of    .       -         .  .  .  ,,       .  .  .  .    . 

treason.    Con- in  levying  war  against  it  or  adhering  to  its  enemies,  giving 
obtanu'd.  °^    them  aid  and  comfort.     No  person  shall  be  convicted  of  trea- 
son except  on  the  testimony  of  two  witnesses  to  the  same  overt 
act,  or  on  his  confession  in  open  court. 

rcnaities.  Art.    102.     All   penalties    shall   be   proportioned   to   the 

nature  of  tlie  offense. 

Kree   saffratre,  Art.   108.     The  privilege  of  free  suffrage  shall  be  sup- 

how  protected,  p^j-fp,]   |-.,y   ],,^y^    regulating   elections    and   prohibiting   under 

adequate  penalties  all  undue  influence  thereon  from  power, 
bribery,  iunrilt  or  other  improper  practice. 


CONSTITUTION   OF   1868  157 

Art.  104.     No  money  shall  be  drawn  from  the  Treasury  ^^^^^^^  ^^^ 
but  in  pursuance  of  specific  appropriations  made  by  law.     A  drawn' from 
statement  and  account  of  receipts  and  expenditures  of  all  pub-     '^    't-'-ifcuiy. 
lie  moneys  shall  be  made  annually,  in  such  manner  as  shall  be  Recei^pts^and 
prescribed  bj  law;   and  the  first  General  Assembly  convening 
under  this  Constitution  shall  make  a  special  appropriation  to  j^^^^  ^^  ^,^^ 
liquidate  whatever  portion  of  the  debt  of  this  Convention  may,  ^^J^'^^'^-'^j^j^ 
at  that  time,  remain  unpaid  or  unprovided  for. 

Art.  105.     All  civil  officers  of  the  State  at  large  shall  be  Qualifications 
voters  of  and  reside  within  the  State;  and  all  district  or  Vav- l^^^f^^l^"^^^^ 
ish  officei^^  shall  reside  within  their  respective  districts  or  par- 
ishes, and  shall  keep  their  offices  at  such  place  therein,  as  may 
be  required  by  law. 

Art.   K)6.     All  civil   officers   shall   be   removable   by   an  ^ivii    officers 
address  -^f  two-thirds  of  the  members  elect  to  each  House  of  remo\-ed  by 
the  General  Assembly,  except  those  whose  removal  is  other-  Exception, 
wise  ]n-ovidcd  for  by  this  Constitution. 

Art.  107.    In  all  elections  by  the  people  the  vote  shall  be  Y>,sL\u,t.    vote 
taken  by  ballot ;   and  in  all  elections  by  the  Senate  and  House  viva  voce, 
of  Representatives,  jointly   or  separately,   the   vote  shall  be 
given  viva  voce. 

Art.  108.    None  but  citizens  of  the  United  States  and  of  (-jti^pus   only 

this  State  shall  be  appointed  to  any  office  of  trust  or  profit  in  eligible  to 
,  .     ^  office, 

this  State. 

Art.  109.     The  laws,  public  records,  and  the  judicial  and 
legislative  pioceedings  of  the  State,  shall  be  promulgated  and  ^^romulgaaon 
preserved  in  the  English  language;    and  no  law  shall  require  tion  of  laws, 
judicial  process  to  be  issued  in  any  other  than  the  English 
language. 

Art.  no.     No  ex  post  facto  or  retroactive  law,  nor  any  ^^^    ^^^  ^^^^^ 
law  impairing  the  obligation  of  contracts,  shall  be  passed;   noi'laws,  vested 
vested  rights  be  divested,  unless  for  purposes  of  public  utility^  ^ 
and  for  adequate  compensation  made. 

Art.  111.    Whenever  the  General  Assembly  shall  contract  j^gg^pj^^i^jj 
a  debt  exceeding  in  amount  the  sum  of  one  hundred  thousand  upon   the 

in  I  •  /.  ,  1    -  •  powers  of  the 

aoliars,  unless  m  case  ol  war  to  repel  invasion  or  suppress  General  As- 
insiu'rection,  it  shall,  in  the  law  creating  the  debt,  provide  ^^™bi.v  to  con- 
adequate  ways  and  means  for  the  payment  of  the  current 
interest  and  of  the  principal,  when  the  same  shall  become  due; 
and  the  said  law  shall  be  irrepealable  until  principal  and  inter 
est  be  fully  paid;    or  unless  the  repealing  law  contain  some 
adequaip  provision  for  the  payment  of  the  principal  and  inter- 
est of  the  debt. 

Art    H2.     The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  by  law  ^'J'^^^'^J^e  of 
for  all  change  of  venue  in  civil  and  criminal  cases. 


158  CONSTITUTION   OF   1868 

Akt.  Ho.  The  General  Assembly  may  enact  general  laws 
Kmancipatiou.  regulating  the  adoption  of  children,  emancipation  of  minors. 
Divorce.  ^^^  ^y^.  grauimg  of  divorces;    but  no  special  law  shall  be 

passed  relating  to  particular  or  individual  cases. 
Title  of  laws.  Art.  114.    Every  law  shall  express  its  object  or  objects  in 

its  title. 

Art.  115.  No  law  shall  be  revived  or  amended  by  refer- 
auu'udment  of  ence  to  its  title;  but  in  such  case  the  revived  or  amended 
laws.  section  shall  be  re-enacted  and  published  at  length. 

Art.  li(i.     The  General  Assembly  shall  never  adopt  any 
codes °of  ^aws.  system  or  code  of  laws  by  general  reference  to  such  system  or 
code  of  laws ;   but  in  all  cases  shall  specify  the  several  provis- 
ion? of  the  law  it  may  enact. 
But  one  office  Art.  317.     No  person  shall  hold  or  exercise,  at  the  same 

to  be  held  at  i[jjiQ    more  than  one  office  of  trust  or  profit,  except  that  of 
same  time.         .        .  ,    ,  i  i- 

Exception.       justice  01  the  peace  or  notary  public. 

Art.  lis.     Taxation  shall  be  equal  and  uniform  through- 

eififaT  and        ^ut  the  State.    All  property  shall  be  taxed  in  proportion  to  its 

uniform.  value,   to   be  ascertained   as  directed  by   law.     The   General 

Exempuons.     Assembly  shi*iJ  have  power  to  exempt  from  taxation  property 

actually  used  for  church,  school  or  charitable  purposes.  The 
Trades  and  General  Assembly  may  levy  an  income  tax  upon  all  persons 
'  _  pursuing   r.ny   occupation,   trade   or   calling.     And   all   such 

persons  shall  obtain  a  license,  as  provided  by  law.  All  tax  on 
Income  tax      income  shall  he  pro  rata  on  the  amount  of  income,  or  business 

dojje.     And  all  deeds  of  sale  made,  or  that  may  be  made  by 

collectors  of  taxes,  shall  be  received  by  courts  in  evidence  as 

prima  facie  valid  sales.  The  General  Assembly  shall  levy  a 
I'dii  tax.  poll  tax  on  all  male  inhabitants  of  this  State,  over  twenty-one 

yea  is  eld,  for  school  and  charitable  purposes,  which  tax  shall 

never  exceed  one  dollar  and  fifty  cents  per  annum, 
lu'bts  In  In-  Art.  119.     No  liability,  either  State,  parochial  or  muni- 

be^HMi  ^vold^     cipal,   shall   exist   for   any   debts   contracted   for,    or   in   tho 

interest  of  the  rebellion  against  the  United  States  Govern- 

mei'  t. 
Certain    va-  ^^^'^-    ^^^-     '^^'^   General   Assembly   may   determine   the 

ran(i(>s.  mode  mode  of  filling  vacancies  in  all  offices  for  which  provision  is 

not  made  in  this  Constitution. 

No    property  ^,j^    -^^l.     The    General    Assembly    shall    pass    no   law 

nualificaiion  .   .  t  n        ■        j-         ^ 

for  office.         requiring  a  property  qualification  for  office. 

Officers  to  ro-         Art.   122.     All   officers   shall   continue  to  discharge  the 

rnain  In  oHife  duties  of  their  offices,  until  their  successors  shall  have  been 

till    successors  .  nn  ■  r    •  i_ 

are    Inducted,  inducted  into  office,  except  m  cases  of  impeacnment  or  sus- 
Exception.         pension. 

„.  ,       ,  Art.  123.     The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  for  the 

Uifchts  of  mar  .  ri-i  <•  -i  i-iij 

rled  women,     protection  of  the  rights  of  married  women  to  their  dotal  and 

paraphernal  property,  and  for  the  registration  of  the  same; 


CONSTITUTION   OF   1868  150 

but    no    mortgage    or   privilege   shall   hereafter    affect    third  ^^^.^  ^^^^ 
parties,  unless  recorded  in  the  parish  where  the  property  to  be  gages  and 
affected  is  situated.     The  tacit  mortgages  and  privileges  now  Pj;.[gj.  "^flnuai-.v 
existing  in  this  State  shall  cease  to  have  effect  against  third  i-  1S70. 
persons  after  the  first  day  of  January,  eighteen  hundred  and 
seventy,  unless  duly  recorded.     The  General  Assembly  shall  ^^''^j^^^^^'f^^^^g 
provide   by   law   for   the   registration   of   all   mortgages   and  and  privileges 
privileges. 

Art.    124.     The   General   Assembly,   at   its   first   session 
under  this  Constitution,  shall  provide  an  annual  pension  for  Pensions, 
the  veterans  of  eighteen  hundred  and  fourteen  and  eighteen 
hundred  and  fifteen,  residing  in  the  State. 

Art.  125.     The  military  shall  be  in  subordination  to  the  Military 

•^  power. 

civil  power. 

Art.  126.     It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  General  Assembly  paupers, 
to  make  it  obligatory  upon  each  parish  to  support  all  paupers 
residing  within  its  limits. 

Art.   127.     All   agreements,  the  consideration  of  which  ^^^.^^j^^  ^^j-gg, 
was  Confederate  money,  notes  or  bonds,  are  null  and  void ;  ments  void, 
and  shall  not  be  enforced  by  the  courts  of  this  State. 

Art.  128.     Contracts  for  the  sale  of  persons  are  null  and  g^fj/p^^jj*''   """^ 
void,  and  shall  not  be  enforced  by  the  courts  of  this  State. 

Art.   129.     The  State  of  Louisiana  shall  never  assume  pebts  in  aid 
nor  pay  any  debt  or  obligation  contracted  or  incurred  in  aid  '^^^^^^^  rebe!- 
of  the  rebellion;  nor  shall  this  State  ever,  in  any  manner, 
claim  from  the  United  States,  or  make  any  allowance  or  com-  fo'i-^s'iaves. 
pensation   for  slaves,  emancipated   or  liberated,   in  any  way 
whatever. 

Art.  130.  All  contracts  made  and  entered  into  under 
the  pretended  authority  of  any  government  heretofore  exist-  pp^^j,j,^  j,j_ 
ing  in  this  State,  by  which  children  were  bound  out  without  dentures  void, 
the  knowledge  or  consent  of  their  parents,  are  hereby  declared 
null  and  void ;  nor  shall  any  child  be  bound  out  to  any  one  for 
any  term  of  years,  while  either  one  of  its  parents  lives,  with- 
out the  consent  of  such  parent,  except  in  cases  of  children 
legally  sent  to  the  house  of  correction. 

Art.  131.     The  seat  of  government  shall  be  established  at 
'he  city  of  New  Orleans,  and  shall  not  be  removed  withoiat  the  ernment. 
consent  of  two-thirds  of  the  members  of  both  houses  of  the 
General  Assembly. 

Art.    132.     All   lands   sold    in   pursuance   of   decrees    of  divided  into 
courts  shall  be  divided  into  tracts  of  from  ten  to  fifty  acres,      tracts. 

Art.  133.     No  judicial  powers  shall  be  exercised  by  clerks  Clerics  of 

r  ,  courts. 

ot  courts. 

Art.  134.     No  soldier,    sailor,  or  marine  in  the  militaiy  ^„,flJprs    sail- 
or naval  service  of  the  United  States  shall  hereafter  acquire  ors  and 
a  residence  in  this  State  by  reason  of  being  stationed  or  doing 
duty  in  the  same. 


ir.o 


CONSTITITIOX    OF   1868 


Kstablishmoiu 
and  siiinK)!'! 
of  free 
schols. 


Chikirpii 
mi  t  tod. 


ad 


F.xclusive 
schools. 


Itestriction    of 
powers  of 
nniiiicipal  cor- 
porations. 

Superintend- 
ent of  1  ublie 
Kducation 
elective. 
Term   of  otiice. 


Oiities.  Salary 


School  exer- 
cises. 


School    fund. 


Appropria- 
tions   to    pri- 
vate   schools 
and  institu- 
tions. 

Funds    apiiro 
priated    to 
free  schools 
and  Univer- 
sity of  Nov.- 
Orleans. 


TITLE  VII. 

PUBLIC    EDUCATION. 

Art.  135.  The  General  Assembly  shall  establish  at  least 
one  iree  public  school  in  every  parish  throughout  the  State, 
and  shall  provide  for  its  support  by  taxation  or  otherv7ise. 
All  children  of  this  State,  between  the  ages  of  six  (6)  and 
twenty -one  (21),  shall  be  admitted  to  the  public  schools  or 
other  institutions  of  learning  sustained  or  established  by  the 
State,  in  common,  without  distinction  of  race,  color,  or  pre- 
vious condition.  There  shall  be  no  separate  schools  or  insti- 
tiiticns  of  learning,  established  exclusively  for  any  race  by  the 
i-'tate  of  Louisiana. 

Art.  136.  ISTo  municipal  corporation  shall  make  any 
lules  or  regulations  contrary  to  the  spirit  and  intention  of 
article  one  hundred  and  thirty-five  (135). 

Art.  137.  There  shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  voters 
of  Ihis  State  a  Superintendent  of  Public  Education,  who  shall 
hold  his  office  for  four  years.  His  duties  shall  be  prescribed 
by  law,  and  he  shall  have  the  supervision  and  the  general 
control  of  all  i:)ublic  schools  throughout  the  State.  He  shall 
receive  a  salary  of  five  thousand  dollars  per  annum,  payable 
quarterly  on  his  own  warrant. 

Art.  138.  The  general  exercises  in  the  public  .schools 
shall  be  conducted  in  the  English  language. 

Art.  139.  The  proceeds  of  all  lands  heretofore  granted 
by  the  United  States  for  the  use  and  support  of  public 
schools;  and  of  all  lands  or  nther  property  which  may  here- 
aftei-  be  bequeathed  for  that  purpose;  and  of  all  lands  which 
m.ay  be  granted  or  bequeathed  to  the  State,  and  not  granted  or 
bequeathed  expressly  for  any  other  purpose,  which  may  here- 
after be  disposed  of  by  the  State;  and  the  proceeds  of  all 
estates  of  deceased  persons,  to  which  the  State  may  be  enti- 
tled by  law,  shall  be  held  by  the  State  as  a  loan,  and  shall  be 
and  remain  a  perpetual  fund  on  which  the  State  shall  pay  an 
annual  interest  of  six  per  cent.,  which  interest,  with  the 
interest  of  the  trust  fund  deposited  with  this  State  by  the 
United  States,  under  the  act  of  Congress,  approved  June  the 
twenty-third,  eighteen  hundred  and  thirty-six,  and  the  ren*- 
of  the  unsold  lands,  shall  be  appropriated  to  the  support  of 
such  schools;  and  this  appropriation  shall  remain  inviolable. 

Art.  140.  No  appropriation  shall  be  made  by  the 
General  Assembly  for  the  support  of  any  private  school  or 
any  private  institution  of  learning  whatever. 

Art.  141.  One-half  of  the  funds,  derived  from  the  poll 
tax  herein  provided  for,  shall  be  appropriated  exclusively  to 
the  support  of  the  free  public  schools  throughout  the  State  and 
the  University  of  New  Orleans. 


CONSTITUTION   OF   18G8  10) 

Art.   142.     A  university  shall  be  established  and  main- 
tained in  the  city  of  New  Orleans.    It  shall  be  composed  of  a  Establishment 
law,  a  medical,  and  a  collegiate  department,  each  with  appro-  nauc™of°a^ 
priate  faculties.     The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  by  law  University, 
for   its    organization   and   maintenance;    Provided,    That   all  Proviso, 
departments  of  this  institution  of  learning  shall  be  opened 
in   common   to   all   students   Capable   of   matriculating.     No 
rules  or  regulations  shall  be  made  by  the  trustees,  faculties, 
or  other  oificers  of  said  institution  of  learning,  nor  shall  any 
laws  be  made  by  the  General  Assembly,  violating  the  letter  or 
spirit  of  the  articles  under  this  title. 

Art.  143.     Institutions  for  the  support  of  the  insane,  the  Benevolent 
education  and  support  of  the  blind  and  the  deaf  and  dumb,  institutions, 
shall  always  be  fostered  by  the  State,  and  be  subject  to  such 
regulations  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  General  Assembly. 

TITLE  VIII. 

militia. 

Art.  144.     It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  General  Assembly 
to  organize  the  militia  of  the  State;  and  all  able-bodied  male      ^  ™ 
citizens,  between  the  ages  of  eighteen  and  forty-five  years,  not 
disfranchised  by  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  and  of  this 
State,  shall  be  subject  to  military  duty. 

Art.  145.     The  Governor  shall  appoint  all  commissioned  Appointment 
oflBcers,  subject   to  confirmation  or  rejection  by  the  Senate,  of  commis- 
except   the   staff    ofiicers,    who    shall   be    appointed    by    their  Kxceptiou. 
respective  chiefs,   and  commissioned  by   the  Governor.     All 
militia  officers  shall  take  and  subscribe  to  the  oath  prescribed  f^ath  of  office, 
for  officers  of  the  United  States  army  and  the  oath  prescribed 
for  officers  in  this  State. 

Art.   146.     The   Governor   shall  have  power   to  call  the 
militia  into  active  service  for  the  preservation  of  law  and  The  miiitia, 
order,  or  when  the  public  safety  may  require  it.    The  milith^  ^'jjom  '^"uied 
when  in  active  service,  shall  receive  the  same  pay  and  allow-  i°to  service. 
ances  as  officers  and  privates,  as  is  received  by  officers  and  Their  pay. 
privates  in  the  United  States  army. 

TITLE  TX. 

MODE  OF  REVISING  THE  CONSTITUTION. 

Art.  147.     Any  amendment  or  amendments  to  this  Con-  ^^^^^  ^j 
stitution  may  be  proposed  in  the  Senate  or  House  of  Eepre-  amending    tiu- 
sentatives,  and  if  the  same  shall  be  agreed  to  by  two-thirds  ^°"^"f"^'«"- 
of  the  members  elected  to  each  house,  such  proposed  amend- 
ment   or    amendments     shall     be     entered    on    their    respec- 
tive   journals,    with     the    yeas    and    nays     taken     thereon; 


1G2 


CONSTITUTION   OF   1868 


Amenclment.s 


and  the  Secretary  of  State  shall  cause  the  same  to 
be  published,  three  months  before  the  next  general 
election  for  Kepresentatives  to  the  General  Assembly, 
in  at  least  one  newspaper  in  every  parish  in  the  State,  in 
which  a  newspaper  shall  be  published.  And  such  proposed 
amendment  or  amendments  shall  be  submitted  to  the  people 
at  said  election;  and  if  a  majority  of  the  voters  at  said 
election  shall  approve  and  ratify  such  amendment  or  amend- 
ments, the  same  shall  become  a  part  of  this  Constitution.  If 
more  than  one  amendment  shall  be  submitted  at  one  time, 
they  shall  be  submitted  in  such  manner  and  form  that  the 
people  may  vote  for  or  against  each  amendment  separately. 


Ordinance   of 
secession  void 


Previous    Con 

stitutions 

superseded. 


Rights,    ac- 
tions,   prose- 
cutions, 
claims      con- 
tracts  and 
laws    remain 
Ins   In   force. 


Exceptions. 


TITLE  X. 

SCHEDULE. 

Art.  148.  The  ordinance  of  secession  of  the  State  of 
Louisiana,  passed  twenty-sixth  of  January,  eighteen  hundred 
and  sixty-one,  is  hereby  declared  to  be  null  and  void.  The 
Constitution  adopted  in  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-four  and 
all  previous  Constitutions  in  the  State  of  Louisiana,  are 
declared  to  be  superseded  by  this  Constitution. 

Art.  149.  All  rights,  actions,  prosecutions,  claims,  con- 
tracts, and  all  laws  in  force  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of 
this  Constitution  and  not  inconsistent  therewith,  shall  con- 
tinue as  if  it  had  not  been  adopted;  all  judgments  and 
judicial  sales,  marriages  and  executed  contracts,  made  in 
good  faith  and  in  accordance  with  existing  laws  in  this 
State,  rendered,  made,  or  entered  into,  between  the  twenty- 
sixth  day  of  January,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-one,  and 
the  date  when  this  Constitution  shall  be  adopted,  are  hereby 
declared  to  be  valid,  except  the  following  laws: 

"An  Act  to  authorize  the  widening  of  the  New  Canal  and 
Basin."  Approved  March  fourteenth,  eighteen  hundred  and 
sixty-seven. 

"An  Act  to  amend  and  re-enact  the  one  hundred  and 
twenty-first  section  of  an  act  entitled  'An  Act  relative  to 
Crimes  and  OflFenses.' "  Approved  December  twentieth, 
eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-five. 

"An  Act  for  the  punishment  of  persons  for  tampering? 
with,  persunding.  or  enticing  away,  harboring,  feeding  or 
secreting  laborers,  servants  or  apprentices."  Approved 
December  twenty-first,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-five. 

"An  Act  to  punish,  in  certain  cases,  the  employers  of 
laborers  and  apprentices."  Approved  December  twenty-first, 
eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-five. 

"An  Act  in  relation  to  exemption  from  State,  parish,  and 
city   taxes,    for   the   years   eighteen   hundred   and   sixty-two, 


CONSTITUTION   OF   1868  163 

eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-three,  eighteen,  hundred  and  sixty- 
four,  and  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-five,  in  certain  cases." 
Certified  sixteenth  March,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-six. 

"An  Act  granting  ferry  privileges  to  C.  K.  Marshall,  his 
heirs,  or  assigns."  Approved  March  tenth,  eighteen  hundred 
and  sixty-six. 

"An  Act  to  authorize  the  Board  of  Levee  Commissioners 
of  the  Levee  District  in  the  parishes  of  Madison  and  Carroll, 
to  issue  bonds,"  etc.,  etc.  Approved  March  twenty-eighth, 
eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-seven. 

Section  third  of  "An  Act  to  organize  the  Police  of  New 

Orleans,  and  to  create  a  Police  Board  therein."     Approved 

twelfth  of  February,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-six. 

Art.  150.     The  laws  relative  to  the  duties  of  officers  shall  ..„„     ^ 

.       .  1     i^aws  to  re- 

remain  in  force,  though  contrary  to  this  Constitution,  and  the  main  in  force 

several  duties  be  performed  by  the  respective  officers,  until  the  officers.  ^''  ° 

organization  of  the  government  under  this  Constitution.  r     n     i     f 

Art.  151.     The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  for  the  causes  to  the 

removal  of  causes  now  pending  in  the  courts  of  this  State  to  [^^^  Consfuu- 

courts  created  by  or  under  this  Constitution.  tion. 

TITLE  XL 

ORDINANCE. 

Art.  152.  Lnmediately  upon  the  adjournment  of  this  Ratiflcatlon  of 
Convention,  this  Constitution  shall  be  submitted  for  ratifica-  <^"°stitution. 
tion  to  the  registered  voters  of  the  State,  in  confoimity  to  the 
act  of  Congress,  passed  March  second,  eighteen  hundred  and 
sixty-seven,  entitled  "An  Act  to  provide  for  the  more  efficient 
government  of  the  rebel  States,"  and  the  acts  supplementary 
thereto. 

Art.  153.  The  election  for  the  ratification  of  the  Con- 
stitution shall  be  held  on  Friday  and  Saturday,  the  seven-  S'^^'^lon  for 

tne    ratlflca- 
teenth  and  eighteenth  days  of  April,  eighteen  hundred  and  tUm  of  this 

sixty-eight,  at  the  places  now  prescribed  by  law;  and  the  polls    ^^^^  fution. 

shall  be  kept  open  from  seven  o'clock  A.  M.  to  seven  o'clock 

P.  M.     At  the  election  all  those  in  favor  of  ratifying  the 

Constitution,  shall  have,  written  or  printed  on  their  ballots, 

"For  the  Constitution;"  and  those  opposed  to  ratifying  the  j^^rm  of  bai- 

Constitution,  shall  have,  written  or  printed  on  their  ballots, 

"Against  the  Constitution." 

Art.  154.     In  order  to  establish  a  civil  government,  as 
required   by    act    of    Congress,    passed    March    twenty-third,  state,  iudirlal. 
eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-seven,  an  election  shall  be  held  at  ^pai'^offlj.prs" 
the  same  time  and  place  at  which  the  Constitution  is  sub-  momhers  of 
mitted   for   ratification,    for   all    State,   judicial,   parish    and  Assembiy'^and 
municipal  officers,  for  members  of  the  General  Assembly,  and  Congressmen. 


164  CONSTITUTION   OF   1868 

for  Congressional  Representatives,  at  which  eleclion  t'.;: 
electors  who  are  qualified  under  the  reconstruction  acts  of 
Congress  shall  vote,  and  none  others;  Provided,  That  any 
elector  shall  be  eligible  to  any  office  under  any  municipal 
corporation  in  this  State. 
Where  riuail-  Art.    155.     At   the   election   for  the   ratification   of   the 

fieci  electors  Constitution,  and  for  officers  of  the  civil  government,  as 
required  by  Congress,  all  registered  electors  may  vote  in  any 
parish  where  they  have  resided  for  ten  days  next  preceding 
said  election,  and  at  any  precinct  in  the  parish,  upon  presen- 
tation of  their  certificates  of  registration,  affidavit,  or  other 
satisfactory  evidence,  that  they  are  entitled  to  vote  as  regis- 
tered electors. 
The  registrars  Art.  156.  The  same  registrars  and  commissioners  who 
sioners  ap-      shall  be  appointed  by  the  Commanding  General  of  the  Fifth 

pointed  for      Military  District,  to  superintend  the  election  for  the  ratifica- 

the  ratitica-        .  .        .       '         ,       ^  .        . 

tion  of  the      tion  or  rejection  of  the  Constitution,  shall,  also,  at  the  same 

to^Kup'erint°e^d  ^i™^  ^i^^  place,  superintend  the  election  for  all  officers  and 
tiu>  election  of  i^epresentatives  herein  ordered;  Provided,  They  be  authorized 
so  to  act  by  the  Commanding  General.    And  in  case  the  Com- 
t  "-ov  so.  manding  General  should  not  so  authorize  said  registrars  and 

commissioners,  the  Committee  of  Seven,  appointed  by  this 
Convention  to  take  charge  of  the  whole  matter  of  the  ratifica- 
tion of  the  Constitution  and  the  election  of  civil  officers,  shall 
appoint  one  registrar  for  each  parish  in  the  State,  except  the 
parish  of  Orleans,  and  one  in  each  district  of  "the  parish  of 
Orleans,  counting  Orleans  right  bank  as  one  district,  who 
shall,  each  in  his  parish  or  district,  appoint  a  sufficient 
number  of  commissioners  of  election  to  hold  the  said  election 
for  said  civil  officers  and  Representatives,  at  the  same  time  and 
place,  as  herein  provided  for. 

Art.  157.  Returns  shall  be  made  in  duplicate,  sworn  to 
I  (.nil  and  by  the  commissioners  holding  the  election,  and  forwarded 
of'  returns.  within  three  days  thereafter  to  the  registrars  of  the  parish  or 
district.  The  registrars  shall  immediately  forward  one  copy 
of  said  returns  to  the  Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  Seven 
appointed  by  this  Convention,  w^ho  shall,  within  ten  days  after 
the  last  return  has  been  received,  make  proclamation  of  th«^ 
result  of  said  election. 

Art.  158.     All  civil  officers  thus  elected  shall  enter  upon 
clvi^°offl(^ers     ^^^  discharge  of  their  duties  on  the  second  Monday  after  the 

are  to  enter     return  of  their  election  shall  have  been  officially  promulgated, 
upon  their  ,._    ,  ,.  ,  ■,     ^     t,  • 

duties.  or  as  soon  as  qualmed  according  to  law,  and  shall  continue 

in  office  for  the  terms  of  their  respective  offices  herein  pro- 

SCTibed,  said  terms  to  date  from  the  first  Monday  in  November 

following  the  electron. 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1868 


16- 


Art.  15y.  The  General  Assembly,  elected  under  this 
Constitution,  shall  hold  its  first  session  in  the  City  of  New 
Orleans  on  the  third  Monday  after  the  official  promulgation 
aforesaid,  and  proceed,  immediately  upon  its  organization,  to 
vote  upon  the  adoption  of  the  fourteenth  amendment  to  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States,  proposed  by  Congress,  and 
passed  June  thirteenth,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-six;  said 
General  Assembly  shall  not  have  power  to  enact  any  laws 
relative  to  the  per  diem  of  members,  or  any  other  subject, 
after  organization,  until  said  constitutional  amendment  shall 
have  been  acted  upon. 

Art.  160.  All  registrars  and  commissioners,  appointed 
under  this  Constitution,  shall,  before  entering  upon  their 
duties,  take  and  subscribe  the  oath  of  office  prescribed  by 
Congress,  approved  July  second,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty- 
two,  entitled  "An  Act  to  prescribe  an  oath  of  office;"  the  said 
oath  of  office  shall  be  administered  to  each  registrar  by  the 
Chainnan  of  the  Committee  of  Seven,  and  to  each  commis- 
sioner by  the  registrar  appointing  him. 

Art.  161.  All  registrars,  commissioners,  and  other 
officers,  necessary  to  carry  into  effect  the  provisions  of  this 
ordinance,  except  as  otherwise  provided  for  by  the  reconstruc- 
tion acts  of  Congress,  shall  be  paid  out  of  any  funds  raised 
by  virtue  of  the  tax  ordinance,  adopted  by  the  Convention, 
December  twenty-fourth,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-seven, 
not  otherwise  appropriated. 

JAMES  G.  TALIAFERRO,  President. 


First    sessiou 
oi   ueueral 
Assembly. 


Adoption 
of  tue 
lourteentli 
Amendment. 


Kesistrars 
and    commis- 
sioners. 


Oath. 


Payment  of 
registrars, 
commission- 
ers  and   otlier 
officers. 


C.  C.  Antoine, 
L.  W.  Baker, 
S.  Belden, 
A.  Bertonneau, 
W.  Jasper  Blackburn, 
O.  C.  Bl.\ndin, 
Hy.  Bonseigneur, 
Emile  Bonnefoi, 
Wm.  Brown, 
Dennis  Burrel, 
Wm.  Butler, 
W.  R.  Crane, 
R.  I.  Cromwell, 
Samuel  E.  Cuney, 
A.  J.  Demarest, 
Charles  Depasseau, 
P.  G.  Deslonde, 
Jos.  Deslonde, 
Aug.  Donato,  Jr., 
David  Douglas, 
Gustave  Dupart, 


Ulger  Dupart, 

C.  B  .H.  DuPLEssis, 

j.  b.  esnard, 

Louis  Fr.\ncois, 

Hy.  W.  Fuller, 

John  Gair, 

R.  G.  Gardiner, 

Leopold  Guichard, 

Peter  Harper, 

John  S.  Harris, 

O.  H.  Hempstead,  Jr., 

W.  H.   HiESTAND, 

J.  H.  Ingraham, 
R.  H.  Isabelle, 
Thos.   Isabelle, 
Geo.  H.  Jackson, 
Simon  Jones, 
Geo.  Y.  Kelso, 
J.  B.  Lewis, 
Richard  Lewis, 
John  Lynch, 


Members  of 
the  Conven- 
tion  who 
signed  the 
Constitution. 


1(36 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1868 


James  H.  Landers, 
Victor  M.  Lange, 
Chas.  Leroy, 
Frederick  Marie, 
Thos.  N.  Martin, 
J.  A.  Massicot, 
Wm.  E.  Meadows, 
Bknj.  McLeran, 

W.  L.  McMlLLEN, 

Milton  Morris, 
S.  R.  Moses, 
Wm.  Murrel, 
James  Mushaway, 
Theophile  Mahier, 
J.  P.  Newsham, 
Jos.  C.  Oliver, 
S.  B.  Packard, 
John  Pierce, 

P.  B.   S.  PiNCHBACK, 

Eobert  Poindexter, 
Curtis  Pollard, 

Attest: 


Geo.  W.  Eeagan, 
Daniel  H.  Eeese, 
Fortune  El^d, 
D.  D.  EiGGS, 
J.  H.  A.  Egberts, 

L.    S.   EODRIGUEZ, 

N.  Schwab, 
Charles  Smith, 
Sosthene  L.  Snaeb, 
Hiram  E.  Steele, 
Chas.  A.  Thibaut, 
Ed.  Tinchant, 
M.  H.  Twitchell, 
Napoleon  Underwood, 
P.  F.  Valfroit, 
John  B.  Vandergriff, 
Michel  Vidal, 
EuFus  Waples, 
G.  M.  Wickliffe, 
Henderson  Williams, 
David  Wilson. 

WM.  VIGEES,  Secretary. 


New  Orleans,  La.,  March  11,  1868. 
I  certify  that  the  foregoing  is  a  correct  copy  of  the  Con- 
stitution as  taken  from  the  official  records  of  the  Convention. 
HUGH  J.  CAMPBELL,  Minute  Clerh. 


AMENDMENTS    TO   THE    CONSTITUTION    OF    1868. 

Ratified  hy  the  People  of  Louisiana  at  the  General  Election 
held  on  the  Seventh  Day  of  Novemher,  1870. 

Art.  50.     Abrogated  and  stricken  out. 

Art.  99.  No  person  shall  hold  any  office,  or  shall  be 
permitted  to  vote  at  any  election,  or  to  act  as  a  juror,  who, 
in  due  course  of  law,  shaU  have  been  convicted  of  treason,  per- 
jury, forgery,  bribery  or  other  crime  punishable  by  imprison- 
ment in  the  Penitentiaiy,  or  who  shall  be  under  interdiction. 

Art.  — .  No  person  who,  at  any  time,  may  have  been  a 
Collector  of  Taxes,  whether  State,  parish  or  municipal,  or 
who  may  have  been  otherwise  intrusted  with  public  money,  shall 
bo  eligible  to  the  General  Assembly  or  to  any  office  of  profit  or 
trust  under  the  State  Government,  until  he  shall  have  obtained 
a  discharge  for  the  amount  of  such  collections  and  for  all 
public  moneys  with  which  he  may  have  been  intrusted. 

Art.  — .  Prior  to  the  first  day  of  January,  one  thousand 
debt^  "^  ^''''''' eight  hundred  and  ninety,  the  debt  of  the  State  shall  not  be  so 
increased  as  to  exceed  twenty-five  millions  of  dollare. 


Classes  of 
persons  dis- 
franeliised. 


Defaulters 
Inelicible   to 
office. 


Constitution  of  1879, 

Adopted  at  New  Orleans,  July  23,  1879. 


PREA^IBLE. 


We,  the  people  of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  in  order  to  establish 
justice,  insure  domestic  tranquility,  promote  the  general  welfare,  and 
secure  the  blessings  of  liberty  to  ourselves  and  our  posterity,  acknowledg- 
ing and  invoking  the  guidance  of  Almighty  God,  the  author  of  all  good 
government,  do  ordain  and  establish  this  Constitution. 


BILL  OF  RIGHTS. 

Article  1.  All  government  of  right  originates  with  the  people,  is 
founded  on  their  will  alone,  and  is  instituted  solely  for  the  good  of  the 
whole,  deriving  its  just  powers  from  the  consent  of  the  governed.  Its 
only  legitimate  end  is  to  protect  the  citizen  in  the  enjoyment  of  life, 
liberty  and  property.  When  it  assumes  other  functions,  it  is  usurpation 
and  oppression. 

Art.  2.  The  right  of  the  people  to  be  secure  in  their  persons,  houses, 
papers  and  effects  against  unreasonable  searches  and  seizures  shall  not  be 
violated,  and  no  warrant  shall  issue  except  upon  probable  cause,  sup- 
ported by  oath  or  affirmation,  and  particularly  describing  the  place  to  be 
searched  and  the  person  or  things  to  be  seized. 

Art.  3.  A  well  regulated  militia  being  necessary  to  the  security  of  a 
free  State,  the  right  of  the  people  to  keep  and  bear  arms  shall  not  be 
abridged.  This  shall  not  prevent  the  passage  of  laws  to  punish  those  who 
cany  weapons  concealed. 

Art.  4.  No  laws  shall  be  passed  respecting  an  establishment  of 
religion  or  prohibiting  the  free  exercise  thereof,  or  abridging  the  freedom 
of  speech,  or  of  the  press,  or  the  right  of  the  people  peaceably  to  assemble 
and  petition  the  government  for  redress  of  grievances. 

Art.  5.  There  shall  be  neither  slavery  nor  involuntary  servitude  in 
this  State,  otherwise  than  for  the  punishment  of  crime,  whereof  the 
party  shall  have  been  duly  convicted.  Prosecutions  shall  be  by  indict- 
ment or  information;  provided,  that  no  person  shall  be  held  to  answer 
for  a  capital  crime  unless  on  a  presentment  or  indictment  by  a  grand 
jury,  except  in  cases  arising  in  the  militia  when  in  actual  service  in  time 
of  war  or  public  danger,  nor  shall  any  person  be  put  twice  in  jeopardy  of 


168  CONSTITUTION   OP  18Y9. 

life  or  liberty  for  the  same  offense,  except  on  his  own  application  for  a 
new  trial,  or  where  there  is  a  mistrial,  or  a  motion  in  arrest  of  judgment 
is  sustained. 

Art.  6.  No  person  shall  be  compelled  to  give  evidence  against 
himself  in  a  criminal  case  or  in  any  proceedings  that  may  subject  him  to 
criminal  prosecution,  except  where  otherwise  provided  in  this  Constitu- 
tion, nor  be  deprived  of  life,  liberty  or  property  without  due  process 
of  law. 

Art.  7.  In  all  criminal  prosecutions  the  accused  shall  enjoy  the  right 
to  a  speedy  public  trial  by  an  impartial  jury,  except  that  in  cases  where  the 
penalty  is  not  necessarily  imprisonment  at  hard  labor  or  death  the 
General  Assembly  may  provide  for  a  trial  thereof  by  a  jury,  less  than 
twelve  in  number;  provided,  that  the  accused  in  every  instance  shall  be 
tried  in  the  parish  wherein  the  offense  shall  have  been  committed,  except 
in  cases  of  change  of  venue. 

Art.  8.  In  all  criminal  prosecutions  the  accused  shall  enjoy  the 
right  to  be  informed  of  the  nature  and  cause  of  the  accusation,  to  be 
confronted  with  the  witnesses  against  him,  to  have  compulsory  process 
for  obtaining  witnesses  in  his  favor,  and  to  defend  himself,  and  to  have 
the  assistance  of  counsel  and  to  have  the  right  to  challenge  jurors  per- 
emptorily, the  number  of  challenges  to  be  fixed  by  statute. 

Art.  9.  Excessive  bail  shall  not  be  required,  nor  excessive  fines  be 
imposed,  nor  cruel  and  unusual  punishments  inflicted.  All  persons  shall 
be  bailable  by  sufficient  sureties,  unless  for  capital  offenses,  where  the 
proof  is  evident  or  the  presumption  great ;  or  unless  after  conviction  for 
any  crime  or  offense  punishable  with  death  or  imprisonment  at  hard 
labor. 

Art.  10.  The  privilege  of  the  writ  of  haheas  corpus  shall  not  be 
suspended,  imless  when,  in  case  of  rebellion  or  invasion,  the  public 
safety  may  require  it. 

Art.  11.  All  courts  sh'all  be  open,  and  every  person  for  injury  don-^ 
him  in  his  rights,  lands,  goods,  person  or  reputation  shall  have  adequate 
remedy  by  due  process  of  law  and  justice  administered  without  denial  or 
unreasonable  delay. 

Art.  12.     The  military  shall  be  in  subordination  to  the  civil  power. 

Art.  13.  This  enumeration  of  rights  shall  not  be  construed  to  deny 
or  impair  other  rights  of  the  people  not  herein  expressed. 

DISTRIBUTION  OF  POWERS. 

Art.  14.  The  powers  of  the  government  of  the  State  of  Louisiana 
shall  be  divided  into  three  distinct  departments,  and  each  of  them  to  be 
confided  to  a  separate  body  of  magistracy,  to-wit:  Those  which  are 
legislative  to  one,  those  which  are  executive  to  another,  and  those  which 
are  judicial  tn  another. 

Art.  15.  No  one  of  these  departments,  nor  any  person  or  collection 
of  pei-sons  holding  office  in  one  of  them,  shall  exercise  power  properly 


CONSTITUTIOX   OF   1879.  160 

belonging   to   either   of   the   other,   except    in    the   instances   hereinafter 
expressly  directed  or  permitted. 

LEGISLATIVE  DEPARTMENT.  ^ 

APPORTIONMENT. 

Art.  16.  Representation  in  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  be 
equal  and  uniform,  and  shall  be  regulated  and  ascertained  by  the  total 
population.  Each  parish  shall  have  at  least  one  Representative.  The  first 
t-numeration  to  be  made  by  the  State  authorities  under  this  Constitution 
shall  be  made  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety,  and  subsequent 
enumerations  shall  be  made  every  tenth  year  thereafter,  in  such  manner 
as  shall  be  prescribed  by  law,  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  the  total 
population  and  the  number  of  qualified  electors  in  each  parish  and 
election  district.  At  its  first  regular  session  after  each  enumeration,  the 
General  Assembly  shall  apportion  the  representation  among  the  several 
parishes  and  election  districts  on  the  basis  of  the  total  population  as 
aforesaid.  A  representative  number  shall  be  fixed,  and  each  parish  and 
election  district  shall  have  as  many  Representatives  as  the  aggregate 
number  of  its  population  will  entitle  it  to,  and  an  additional  Representa- 
tive for  any  fraction  exceeding  one-half  the  representative  number.  The 
number  of  Representatives  shall  not  be  more  than  ninety-eight,  nor  less 
ihan  seventy. 

Art.  17.  The  General  Assembly,  in  every  year  in  which  they  shall 
apportion  representation  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  shall  divide 
the  State  into  Senatorial  districts.  No  parish  shall  be  divided  in  the 
formation  of  a  Senatorial  district,  the  parish  of  Orleans  excepted. 
Whenever  a  new  parish  shall  be  created,  it  shall  be  attached  to  the 
Senatorial  district  from  which  most  of  its  territory  was  taken,  or  to 
another  contiguous  district,  at  the  discretion  of  the  General  Assembly, 
but  shall  not  be  attached  to  more  than  one  district.  The  number  of 
Senators  shall  not  be  more  than  thirty-six  nor  less  than  twenty-four,  and 
they  shall  be  apportioned  among  the  Senatorial  districts  according  to  the 
total  population  contained  in  the  several  districts. 

j*RT.  18.  Until  an  enumeration  shall  be  made  in  accordance  with 
articles  16  and  17,  the  State  shall  be  divided  into  the  followitif?  Senatorial 
districts,  with  the  number  of  Senators  hereinafter  designaied  to  each 
district : 

The  First  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  eighth  and 
ninth  wards  of  Orleans,  and  of  the  parishes  of  St.  Bernard  and  Plaque- 
mines, and  shall  elect  two  Senators. 

The  Second  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  fourth,  fifth,  sixth  and 
seventh  wards  of  Orleans,  and  shall  elect  two  Senators. 

The  Third  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  third  ward  of  Orleans, 
and  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

The  Fourth  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  second  and  fiftcentli 
wards  (Orleans  right  bank)  of  Orleans,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator. 


170  CONSTITUTION   OF   1879. 

The  Fifth  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  first  and  tenth  wards  of 
Orleans,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

The  Sixth  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  eleventh,  twelfth,  thir- 
teenth, fourteenth,  sixteenth  and  seventeenth  wards  of  Orleans,  and  shall 
elect  two  Senators. 

The  Seventh  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  parishes  of  Jefferson, 
St.  Charles  and  St.  John  the  Baptist,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

The  Eighth  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  parishes  of  St.  James 
nnd  Ascension,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

The  Ninth  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  parishes  of  Terrebonne, 
Lafourche  and  Assumption,  and  shall  elect  two  Senators. 

The  Tenth  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  parishes  of  St.  Mary, 
Vermilion,  Cameron  and  Calcasieu,  and  shall  elect  two  Senators. 

The  Eleventh  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  parishes  of  St. 
Martin,  Iberia  and  Lafayette,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

The  Twelfth  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  parish  of  St.  Landry, 
and  shall  elect  two  Senators. 

The  Thirteenth  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  parishes  of 
Avoyelles  and  Pointe  Coupee,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

The  fourteenth  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  parishes  of  Iber- 
ville and  West  Baton  Rouge,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

Tlie  Fifteenth  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  parishes  of  East  and 
West  Feliciana,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator, 

The  Sixteenth  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  parish  of  East 
Baton  Rouge,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

The  Seventeenth  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  parishes  of  St. 
Helena,  Livingston,  Tangipahoa.  Washington  and  St.  Tammany,  and 
shall  elect  one  Senator. 

The  Eighteenth  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  parishes  of  Rapides 
and  Vernon,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

The  Nineteenth  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  parishes  of  Natchi- 
toches, Sabine,  DeSoto  and  Red  River,  and  shall  elect  two  Senators. 

The  Twentieth  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  parish  of  Caddo, 
and  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

The  Twenty-first  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  parishes  of 
Bossier,  Webster,  Bienville  and  Claiborne,  and  shall  elect  two  Senators. 

The  Twenty-second  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  parishes  of 
Union,  Morehouse,  Lincoln  and  West  Carroll,  and  shall  elect  two 
Senators. 

The  Twenty-third  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  parishes  of 
Ouachita,  Richland,  Caldwell,  Franklin  and  Jackson,  and  shall  elect  two 
Senators. 

The  Twenty-fourth  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  parishes  of 
Catahoula,  Winn  and  C.rant,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator. 

The  Twenty-fifth  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  parishes  of  Eas' 
Can'oll  and  Madison,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator. 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1879.  171 

The   Twenty-sixth   District   shall   be   composed   of   the   parishes   of 
Tensas  and  Concordia,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator. 
Thirty-six  (36)  Senators  in  all. 

And  the  Kepresentatives  shall  be  apportioned  among  the  parishes 
and  representative  districts,  as  follows: 

For  the  parish  of  Orleans — 

First  Representative  District,  first  ward,  one  Representative. 

Second  Representative  District,  second  ward,  two  Representatives. 

Third  Representative  District,  third  ward,  three  Representatives. 

Fourth  Representative  District,  fourth  ward,  one  Representative. 

Fifth  Representative  District,  fifth  ward,  two  Representatives. 

Sixth  Representative  District,  sixth  ward,  one  Representative. 

Seventh  Representative  District,  seventh  ward,  two  Representatives. 

Eighth  Representative  District,  eighth  ward,  one  Representative. 

Ninth  Representative  District,  ninth  ward,  two  Representatives. 

Tenth  Representative  District,  tenth  ward,  two  Representatives. 

Eleventh  Representative  District,  eleventh  ward,  two  Representatives. 

Twelfth  Representative  District,  twelfth  ward,  two  Representatives. 

Thirteenth  Representative  District,  thirteenth  and  fourteenth  wards, 
one  Representative. 

Fourteenth  Representative  District,  sixteenth  and  seventeenth 
wards,  one  Representative. 

Fifteenth  Representative  District,  fifteenth  ward,  one  Representative. 

The  parishes  of  Ascension,  West  Baton  Rouge,  Bienville,  Bossier, 
Calcasieu,  Caldwell,  Cameron,  East  Carroll,  West  Carroll,  Catahoula, 
Concordia,  West  Feliciana,  Franklin,  Grant,  Iberia,  Jackson,  Jefferson, 
Lafayette,  Lincoln,  Livingston,  Morehouse,  Ouachita,  Plaquemines, 
Pointe  Coupee,  Red  River,  Richland,  Sabine,  St.  Bernard,  St.  Charles, 
St.  Helena,  St.  James,  St.  John  the  Baptist,  St.  Martin,  St.  Tammany, 
Tangipahoa,  Union,  Vermilion,  Vernon,  Washington,  Webster  and  Winn, 
each  one  Representative. 

The  parishes  of  Assumption,  Avoyelles,  East  Baton  Rouge,  Caddo, 
Claiborne,  DeSoto,  East  Feliciana,  Iberville,  Lafourche,  Madison, 
Natchitoches,  Rapides,  St.  Mary,  Tensas,  Terrebonne,  each  two  Repre- 
sentatives. 

The  parish  of  St.  Landry,  four  Representatives. 

This  apportionment  of  Senators  and  Representatives  shall  not  be 
changed  or  altered  in  any  manner  until  after  the  enumeration  shall  have 
been  taken  by  the  State  in  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety,  in  accordance' 
with  the  provisions  of  articles  16  and  17. 

GENERAL  ASSEMBLY. 

Art.  19.  The  legislative  power  of  the  State  shall  be  vested  in  a 
General  Assembly,  which  shall  consist  of  a  Senate  and  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives. 


172  CONSTITUTION   OF   1879. 

Art.  20,  The  style  of  the  laws  of  this  State  shall  be:  Be  it  enacted 
by  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Louisiana. 

Art.  21.  The  General  AssemDiy  shall  meet  at  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment on  the  second  Monday  of  May,  1882,  at  12  o'clock  noon,  and 
biennially  thereafter.  Its  tirst  session  under  this  Constitution  may 
extend  to  a  period  of  ninety  days,  but  any  subsequent  session  may  be 
limited  to  a  penod  of  sixty  days.  Should  a  vacancy  occur  in  either 
house,  the  Governor  shall  order  an  election  to  till  such  vacancy  for  the 
remainder  of  the  term. 

Art.  22.  Every  elector  under  this  Constitution  shall  be  eligible  to  u 
seat  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  every  'elector  who  has  reached 
the  age  of  twenty-five  years  shall  be  eligible  to  the  Senate;  provided,  that 
no  person  shall  be  eligible  to  the  General  Assembly  unless  at  the  time  of 
his  election  he  has  been  a  citizen  of  the  State  for  five  years  and  aui 
actual  resident  of  the  district  or  parish  from  which  he  may  be  elected  for 
two  years  immediately  preceding  his  election,  ihe  seat  of  any  member 
who  may  change  his  residence  from  the  district  or  parish  which  he  repre- 
sents shall  thereby  be  vacated,  any  declaration  of  a  retention  of  domicile 
to  the  contrary  notwithstanding;  and  members  of  the  General  Assembly 
shall  be  elected  for  a  term  of  four  years. 

Art.  23.  Each  house  shall  judge  of  the  qualifications,  election  and 
returns  of  its  own  members,  choose  its  own  officers  (except  President  of 
the  Senate),  determine  the  rules  of  its  proceedings,  and  may  punish  its 
members  for  disorderly  conduct  and  contempt,  and,  with  the  concurrence 
of  two-thirds  of  all  its  members  elected,  expel  a  member. 

Art.  24.  Either  house,  during  the  session,  may  punish  by  imprison- 
ment any  person  not  a  member  who  shall  have  been  guilty  of  disrespect 
by  disorderly  and  contemptuous  behavior;  but  such  imprisonment  shall 
not  exceed  ten  days  for  each  offense. 

Art.  25.  No  Senator  or  Representative  shall,  during  the  term  for 
which  he  was  elected,  nor  for  one  year  thereafter,  be  appointed  or 
elected  to  any  civil  office  of  profit  under  this  State  which  may  have  been 
created,  or  the  emoluments  of  which  may  have  been  increased  by  the 
General  Assembly  during  the  time  such  Senator  or  Representative  was  a 
member  thereof. 

Art.  2G.  The  members  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  in  all  cases, 
except  treason,  felony  and  breach  of  the  peace,  be  privileged  from  arrest 
during  their  attendance  at  the  sessions  of  their  respective  houses,  and  in 
going  to  and  returning  from  the  same;  and  for  any  speech  or  debate  in 
either  house  they  shall  not  be  questioned  in  any  other  place. 

Art.  27.  The  members  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  receive  a 
compensation  not  to  exceed  four  dollars  per  day  during  their  attendance, 
and  their  actual  traveling  expenses  going  to  and  returning  from  the  seat 
of  government;  but  in  no  instance  shall  more  than  thirty  dollars  each 
way  be  allowed  for  traveling  expenses. 

Art.  28.  Each  house  shall  keep  a  journal  of  its  proceedings,  and 
cause    the   same   to    be   published    immediately    after   the    close    of    tho 


CONSTITUTION   OF   1879.  173 

session;  when  practicable,  the  minutes  of  each  day's  session  shall  be 
printed  and  placed  in  the  hands  of  members  on  the  day  following.  The 
original  journal  shall  be  preserved,  after  publication,  in  the  office  of  tho 
Secretary  of  State,  but  there  shall  be  required  no  other  record  thereof. 

Art.  29.  Every  law  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly  shall  embrace 
but  one  object  and  that  shall  be  expressed  in  the  title. 

Art.  30.  No  law  shall  be  revived  or  amended  by  reference  to  its 
title,  but  in  such  cases  the  act  revived  or  section  as  amended  shall  be 
re-enacted  and  published  at  length. 

Art.  31.  The  General  Assembly  shall  never  adopt  any  system  or 
code  of  laws  by  general  reference  to  such  system  or  code  of  laws ;  but  in 
all  cases  shall  recite  at  length  the  several  provisions  of  the  laws  it  may 
enact. 

Art.  32.  Not  less  than  a  majority  of  the  members  of  each  house  of 
the  General  Assembly  shall  form  a  quorum  to  transact  business,  but  a 
smaller  number  may  adjourn  from  day  to  day,  and  shall  have  power  to 
compel  the  attendance  of  absent  members. 

Art.  33.  Neither  house  during  "the  sitting  of  the  General  Assembly 
shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  other,  adjourn  for  more  than  three  days, 
nor  to  any  other  place  than  that  in  which  it  may  be  sitting. 

Art.  34.  The  yeas  and  nays  on  any  question  in  either  house  shall, 
at  the  desire  of  one-fifth  of  the  members  elected,  be  entered  on  the 
journal. 

Art.  35.  All  bills  for  raising  revenue  or  appropriating  money  shall 
originate  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  but  the  Senate  may  propose  or 
concur  in  amendments,  as  in  other  bills. 

Art.  36.  No  bill,  ordinance  or  resolution,  intended  to  have  the 
effect  of  a  law,  which  shall  have  been  rejected  by  either  house,  shall  be 
again  proposed  in  the  same  house  during  the  same  session,  under  the 
same  or  any  other  title,  without  the  consent  of  a  majority  of  the  house 
by  which  the  same  was  rejected. 

Abt.  37.  Every  bill  shall  be  read  on  three  different  days  in  each 
house,  and  no  bill  shall  be  considered  for  final  passage  unless  it  has  been 
read  once  in  full,  and  the  same  has  been  reported  on  by  a  committee. 
Nor  shall  any  bill  become  a  law  unless,  on  its  final  passage,  the  vote  be 
taken  by  yeas  and  nays,  the  names  of  the  members  voting  for  or  against 
the  same  be  entered  on  the  journal,  and  a  majority  of  the  members 
elected  to  each  house  be  recorded  thereon  as  voting  in  its  favor. 

■  Art.  38.  No  amendments  to  bills  by  one  house  shall  be  concurred  in 
by  the  other,  except  by  a  vote  of  a  majority  of  the  members  elected 
thereto,  taken  by  yeas  and  nays,  and  the  names  of  those  voting  for  or 
against  recorded  upon  the  journal  thereof;  and  reports  of  committees  of 
conference  shall  be  adopted  in  either  house  only  by  a  majority  of  the 
members  elected  thereto,  the  vote  to  be  taken  by  yeas  and  nays,  and  th*^ 
names  of  those  voting  for  or  against  recorded  upon  the  journal. 

Art.  39.  Whenever  a  bill  that  has  been  passed  by  both  houses  ha?' 
been  enrolled  and  placed  in  possession  of  the  house  in  which  it  originated 


1Y4  CONSTITUTION   OF  1879. 

ihe  title  sliall  be  read  and,  at  the  request  of  any  five  members,  the 
bill  shall  be  read  in  full,  when  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives or  the  President  of  the  Senate,  as  the  case  may  be,  shall  act  at 
once,  sign  it  in  open  house,  and  the  fact  of  signing  shall  be  noted  on  the 
journal;  thereupon  the  Clerk  or  Secretary  shall  immediately  convey  the 
bill  to  the  other  house,  whose  presiding  officer  shall  cause  a  suspension 
of  all  other  business  to  read  and  sign  the  bill  in  open  session  and  without 
delay;  as  soon  as  bills  are  signed  by  the  Speaker  of  the  House  and 
President  of  the  Senate,  they  shall  be  taken  at  once,  and  on  the  same 
day,  to  the  Governor  by  the  Clerk  of  the  House  or  Secretary  of  the 
Senate. 

Art.  40.  No  law  passed  by  the  General  Assembly,  except  the  general 
appropriation  act,  or  act  appropriating  money  for  the  expenses  of  the 
General  Assembly,  shall  take  effect  until  promulgated.  A  law  shall  be 
considered  promulgated  at  the  place  where  the  State  journal  is  published 
the  day  after  the  publication  of  such  law  in  the  State  journal  and  in  all 
other  parts  of  the  State  twenty  days  after  such  publication. 

•  Art.  41.  The  clerical  officers  of  the  two  houses  shall  be  a  Secretary 
of  the  Senate  and  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  with  such 
assistants  as  may  be  necessary;  but  the  expenses  for  clerks  and  employees 
shall  not  exceed  sixty  dollars  daily  for  the  Senate  nor  seventy  dollars 
daily  for  the  House. 

Art.  42.  All  stationery,  printing,  paper  and  fuel  used  in  the  legisla- 
tive and  other  departments  of  government  shall  be  furnished,  and  the 
printing,  binding  and  distributing  of  the  laws,  journals  and  department 
reports,  and  all  other  printing  and  binding,  and  the  repairing  and  fur- 
nishing the  halls  and  rooms  used  for  the  meetings  of  the  General 
Assembly  and  its  committees,  shall  be  done  under  contract,  to  be  given  to 
the  lowest  responsible  bidder  below  such  maximum  price  and  under  such 
regulations  as  shall  be  prescribed  by  law;  provided,  that  such  contracts 
shall  be  awarded  only  to  citizens  of  the  State.  No  member  or  officer  of 
any  of  the  departments  of  the  government  shall  be  in  any  way  inter- 
ested in  the  contracts;  and  all  such  contracts  shall  be  subject  to  the 
approval  of  the  Governor,  the  President  of  the  Senate  and  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  Representatives,  or  of  any  two  of  them. 

LIMITATION   OF  LEGISLATIVE   POWERS. 

Art.  43.  No  money  shall  be  drawn  from  the  treasury  except  in  pur- 
suance of  specific  appropriations  made  by  law;  nor  shall  any  appropria- 
tion of  mone.v  be  made  for  a  longer  term  than  two  years.  A  regular 
statement  and  accouni  of  receipts  and  expenditures  of  all  public  moneys 
shall  be  published  every  three  months,  in  such  manner  as  shall  be  pre- 
scribed by  law. 

Art.  44.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  no  power  to  contract,  or 
to  authorize  the  contracting,  of  any  debt  or  liability,  on  behalf  of  the 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1879.  175 

State,  or  to  issue  bonds  or  other  evidence  of  indebtedness  thereof,  except 
for  the  purpose  of  repelling  invasion  or  for  the  repression  of  insurrection. 

Art.  45.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  no  power  to  grant,  or  to 
authorize  any  parish  or  municipal  authority  to  grant,  any  extra  com- 
pensation, fee  or  allowance  to  a  public  oihcer,  agent,  servant  or  con- 
tractor, nor  pay,  nor  authorize  the  payment,  of  any  claim  against  the 
State,  or  any  parish  or  municipality  of  the  State,  under  any  agreement 
or  contract  made  without  express  authority  of  law ;  and  all  such 
unauthorized  agreements  or  contracts  shall  be  null  and  void. 

Art.  46.  The  General  Assembly  shall  not  pass  any  local  or  special 
law  on  the  following  specified  objects: 

For  the  opening  and  conducting  of  elections,  or  fixing  or  changing 
the  place  of  voting. 

Changing  the  names  of  persons. 

Changing  the  venue  of  civil  or  criminal  cases. 

Authorizing  the  laying  out,  opening,  closing,  altering  or  maintaining 
roads,  highways,  streets  or  alleys,  or  relating  to  ferries  and  bridges,  or 
incorporating  bridge  or  ferry  companies,  except  for  the  erection  of 
bridges  crossing  streams  which  form  boundaries  between  this  and  anj 
other  State. 

Authorizing  the  adoption  or  legitimation  of  children  or  the  emanci 
pation  of  minors. 

Granting  divorces. 

Changing  the  law  of  descent  or  succession. 

Affecting  the  estates  of  minors  or  persons  under  disabilities. 

Remitting  fines,  penalties  and  forfeitures  or  refunding  moneys 
legally  paid  into  the  treasury. 

Authorizing  the  construction  of  street  passenger  railroads  in  anj 
incorporated  town  or  city. 

Regulating  labor,  trade,  manufacturing  or  agriculture. 

Creating  corporations,  or  amending,  renewing,  extending  or  explain- 
ing the  charter  thereof;  provided,  that  this  shall  not  apply  to  the  cor- 
poration of  the  city  of  New  Orleans,  or  to  the  organization  of  levee 
districts  and  parishes. 

Granting  to  any  corporation,  association  or  individual  any  special 
or  exclusive  right,  privilege  or  immunity. 

Extending  the  time  for  the  assessment  or  collection  of  taxes,  or  for 
the  relief  of  any  assessor  or  collector  of  taxes  from  the  due  performance 
of  his  official  duties,  or  of  his  securities  from  liability;  nor  shall  any 
such  be  passed  by  any  political  corporation  of  this  State. 

Regulating  the  practice  or  jurisdiction  of  any  court,  or  changing  the 
rules  of  evidence  in  any  judicial  proceeding  or  inquiry  before  courts,  or 
providing  or  changing  methods  for  the  collection  of  debts  or  the  enforce- 
ment of  judgments,  or  prescribing  the  effects  of  judicial  sales. 

Exemption  of  property  from  taxation. 

Fixing  the  rate  of  interest. 

Concerning  any  civil  or  criminal  actions. 


iTn  CONSTITUTION   OF   1879. 

« 

Giving  effect  to  infoniial  or  invalid  wills  or  deeds,  or  to  any  illegal 
disposition  of  property. 

Regulating  the  management  of  public  schools,  the  building  or 
repairing  of  school-houses,  and  the  raising  of  money  for  such  purposes. 

Legalizing  the  unauthorized  or  invalid  acts  of  any  officer,  servant, 
agent  of  the  State,  or  of  any  parish  or  municipality  thereof. 

Art.  47.  The  General  Assembly  shall  not  indirectly  enact  specia. 
or  local  laws  by  the  partial  repeal  of  a  general  law;  but  laws  repealing 
local  or  special  laws  may  be  passed. 

Art.  48.  Iso  local  or  special  law  shall  be  passed  on  any  subject  not 
enumerated  in  article  46  of  this  Constitution,  unless  notice  of  the  inten 
tion  to  apply  therefor  shall  have  been  publishcvl,  without  cost  to  the  State, 
in  the  locality  where  the  matter  or  thing  to  be  affected  may  be  situated, 
which  notice  shall  state  the  substance  of  the  contemplated  law,  and  shall 
be  published  at  least  thirty  days  prior  to  the  introduction  into  the 
General  Assembly  of  such  bill,  and  in  the  same  m-anncr  provided  by  law 
for  the  advertisement  of  judicial  sales.  The  evidence  of  such  notice 
having  been  published  shall  be  exhibited  in  the  General  Assembly  before 
such  act  shall  be  passed,  and  every  such  act  shall  contain  a  recital  that 
such  notice  has  been  given. 

Art.  49.     No  law  shall  be  passed  fixirig  the  price  of  manual  labor. 

Art.  50.  Any  member  of  the  General  Assembly  who  has  a  personal 
or  private  interest  in  any  measure  or  bill  proposed  or  pending  before  the 
General  Assembly,  shall  disclose  the  fact  to  the  house  of  which  he  is  a 
member,  and  shall  not  vote  thereon. 

Art.  51.  No  money  shall  ever  be  taken  from  the  public  treasury, 
directly  or  indirectly,  in  aid  of  any  church,  sect  or  denomination  oj- 
religion,  or  in  aid  of  any  priest,  preacher,  minister  or  teacher  thereof, 
PS  such,  and  no  preference  shall  ever  be  given  to,  nor  any  discrimination 
made  against  any  church,  sect  or  creed,  or  religion,  or  any  form  of 
religious  faith  or  worship,  nor  shall  any  appropriations  be  made  for 
private,  charitable  or  benevolent  purposes  to  any  person  or  community; 
provided,  this  shall  not  apply  to  the  State  asylums  for  the  insane  and 
deaf,  dumb  and  blind,  and  the  charity  hospitals  and  public  charitable 
institutions  conducted  under  State  authority. 

Art.  52.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  no  power  to  increase  the 
expense  of  any  office  by  appointing  assistant  officials. 

Art.  58.  The  general  ai^propriation  bill  shall  embrace  nothing  but 
a'^pronrint'ous  for  the  ordinary  expenses  of  the  government,  interest  on 
the  public  debt,  public  schools  and  public  charities,  and  such  bill  shall  be 
fio  item'zed  as  to  show  for  what  account  each  and  every  appropriation 
shall  be  n-ade.  All  other  aopropriations  shall  be  made  by  separate  bills, 
each  embracing  bi^t  one  object. 

j^RT.  54.  Each  appropriation  shall  be  for  a  specific  purpose,  and  no 
appropriation  shall  be  made  under  the  head  or  title  of  contingent;  nor 
shall  any  officer  or  depart^rent  of  gf>vernment  receive  any  amount  from 
the  treasury  for  contingencies  or  for  a  contingent  fund. 


CONSTITUTION  OF   1879.  177 

Art.  55.  No  appropriation  of  money  shall  be  made  by  the  General 
Assembly  in  the  last  five  days  of  the  session  thereof;  all  appropriations  to 
be  valid,  shall  be  passed  and  receive  the  signatures  of  the  President  of 
the  Senate  and  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives  five  full  days 
before  the  adjournment  sine  die  of  the  General  Assembly. 

Art.  56.  The  funds,  credit,  property  or  things  of  value  of  the  State, 
or  of  any  political  corporation  thereof,  shall  not  be  loaned,  pledged  or 
granted  to  or  for  any  person  or  persons,  association  or  corporation, 
public  or  private;  nor  shall  the  State,  or  any  political  corporation,  pur- 
chase or  subscribe  to  the  capital  or  stock  of  any  political  corporation  or 
association  whatever,  or  for  any  private  enterprise ;  nor  shall  the  State, 
nor  any  political  corporation  thereof,  assume  the  liabilities  of  any 
political,  municipal,  parochial,  private  or  other  corporation  or  association 
whatsoever;  nor  shall  the  State  undertake  to  carry  on  the  business  of 
any  such  corporation  or  association,  or  become  a  part  owner  therein; 
provided,  the  State,  through  the  General  Assembly,  shall  have  power  to 
grant  the  right  of  way  through  its  public  lands  to  any  railroad  or  canal. 

Art.  57.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  no  power  to  release  or 
extinguish,  or  to  authorize  the  releasing  or  extinguishing,  in  whole  or  in 
part,  the  indebtedness,  liability  or  obligation  of  any  corporation  or 
individual  to  this  State,  or  to  any  parish  or  municipal  corporation 
therein;  provided,  the  heirs  to  confiscated  property  may  be  released  of  all 
taxes  due  thereon  at  the  date  of  its  reversion  to  them. 

EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 

Art.  58.  The  Executive  Department  shall  consist  of  a  Qovernor, 
Lieutenant  Governor,  Auditor,  Treasurer  and  Secretary  of  State. 

Art.  59.  The  supreme  executive  power  of  the  State  shall  be  vested 
in  a  chief  magistrate,  who  shall  be  styled  the  Governor  of  Louisiana. 
He  shall  hold  his  office  during  four  years,  and,  together  with  the  Lieu- 
tenant Governor,  chosen  for  the  same  term,  shall  be  elected  as  follows: 
The  qualified  electors  for  Representatives  shall  vote  for  a  Governor  and 
Lieutenant  Governor  at  the  time  and  place  of  voting  for  Representa- 
tives. 

The  returns  of  every  election  for  Governor  and  Lieutenant  Governor 
shall  be  sealed  up  separately  from  the  returns  of  election  of  other  officer^ 
and  transmitted  by  the  proper  officer  of  every  parish  to  the  Secretary  of 
State,  who  shall  deliver  them,  unopened,  to  the  General  Assembly  then 
next  to  be  holden.  The  members  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  meet  on 
the  first  Thursday  after  the  day  on  which  they  assemble,  in  the  House  of 
Representatives^  to  examine  and  count  the  votes.  The  person  having  the 
greatest  number  of  votes  for  Governor  shall  be  declared  duly  elected; 
but  in  case  two  or  more  persons  shall  be  equal  and  highest  in  the  number 
of  votes  polled  for  Governor,  one  of  them  shall  be  immediately  chosen 
Governor  by  the  joint  vote  of  the  members  of  the  General  Assembly.  The 
person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  for  Lieutenant  Governor  shaU 


178  CONSTITUTION  OF  1879. 

be  Lieutenant  Governor;  but  if  two  or  more  persons  shall  be  equal  and 
highest  in  number  of  votes  polled  for  Lieutenant  Governor,  one  of  them 
shall  be  immediately  chosen  Lieutenant  Governor  by  a  joint  vote  of  the 
members  of  the  General  Assembly. 

Art.  60.  No  person  shall  be  eligible  to  the  office  of  Governor  or 
Lieutenant  Governor  who  shall  not  have  attained  the  age  of  thirty  years, 
been  ten  years  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  resident  of  the  State 
for  the  same  space  of  time  next  preceding  his  election,  or  who  shall  be  a 
member  of  Congress,  or  shall  hold  office  under  the  United  States  at  the 
time  of,  or  within  six  months  immediately  preceding  the  election  for 
such  office. 

Art.  61.  The  Governor  shall  enter  on  the  discharge  of  his  duties 
the  first  Monday  next  ensuing  the  announcement  by  the  General 
Assembly  of  the  result  of  the  election  for  Governor,  and  shall  continue  in 
office  until  the  Monday  next  succeeding  the  day  that  his  successor  shall 
have  been  declared  duly  elected  and  shall  have  taken  the  oath  or  affirma- 
tion required  by  the  Constitution. 

Art.  62.  In  case  of  the  impeachment  of  the  Governor,  his  removal 
from  office,  death,  refusal  or  inability  to  qualify,  disability,  resignation  or 
absence  from  the  State,  the  powers  and  duties  of  the  office  shall  devolve 
upon  the  Lieutenant  Governor  for  the  residue  of  the  term,  or  until  the 
Governor,  absent  or  impeached,  shall  return  or  be  acquitted  or  the 
disability  be  removed.  In  the  event  of  the  removal,  impeachment,  death, 
resignation,  disability  or  refusal  to  qualify  of  both  the  Governor  oi- 
Lieutenant  Governor,  the  President  pro  tempore  of  the  Senate  shall  act 
as  Governor  until  the  disability  be  removed  or  for  the  residue  of  the 
term. 

Art.  63.  The  Lieutenant  Governor,  or  officer  discharging  the  duties 
of  Governor,  shall,  during  his  administration,  receive  the  same  com- 
pensation to  which  the  Governor  would  have  been  entitled  had  he  con- 
tinued in  office. 

Art.  64.  The  Lieutenant  Governor  shall,  by  virtue  of  his  office,  be 
President  of  the  Senate,  but  shall  have  only  a  casting  vote  therein.  The 
Senate  shall  elect  one  of  its  members  as  President  pro  tempore  of  the 
Senate. 

Art.  65.  The  Lieutenant  Governor  shall  receive  for  his  services  a 
salary  which  shall  be  double  that  of  a  member  of  the  General  Assembly, 
and  no  more. 

Art.  66.  The  Governor  shall  have  power  to  grant  reprieves  for  all 
offenses  against  the  State,  and,  except  in  cases  of  impeachment  or 
treason,  shall,  upon  the  recommendation  in  writing  of  the  Lieutenant 
Governor,  Attorney  General,  and  presiding  judge  of  the  court  before 
which  conviction  was  had,  or  of  any  two  of  them,  have  power  to  grant 
pardons,  commute  sentences,  and  remit  fines  and  forfeitures  after  con- 
viction. In  cases  of  treason  he  may  grant  reprieves  until  the  end  of  the 
next  session  of  the  General  Assembly,  in  which  body  the  power  of  par- 
doning is  vested. 


CONSTITUTION   OF   1879.  179 

Art.  67.  The  Governor  shall  receive  a  salary  of  four  thousand 
dollars  per  annum,  payable  monthly  on  his  own  warrant. 

Art.  68.  He  shall  nominate,  and  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent 
of  the  Senate,  appoint  all  officers  whose  offices  are  established  by  this 
Constitution,  and  whose  appointments  or  elections  are  not  herein  other- 
wise provided  for;  provided,  however,  that  the  General  Assembly  shall 
have  the  right  to  prescribe  the  mode  of  appointment  and  election  to  all 
offices  created  by  it. 

Art.  69.  The  Governor  shall  have  the  power  to  fill  vacancies  that 
may  happen  during  the  recess  of  the  Senate,  in  case  not  otherwise 
provided  for  in  this  Constitution,  by  granting  commissions  which  shall 
expire  at  the  end  of  the  next  session ;  but  no  person  who  has  been  nomin- 
ated for  office  and  rejected  shall  be  appointed  to  the  same  office  during 
the  recess  of  the  Senate.  The  failure  of  the  Governor  to  send  into  the 
Senate  the  name  of  any  person  appointed  for  office,  as  herein  provided, 
shall  be  equivalent  to  a  rejection. 

Art.  70.  He  may  require  information  in  writing  from  the  officers  in 
the  executive  department  upon  any  subject  relating  to  the  duties  of  their 
respective  offices.  He  shall  be  Commander  in  Chief  of  the  militia  of  the 
State,  except  when  they  shall  be  called  into  the  actual  service  of  the 
United  States. 

Art.  71.  He  shall,  from  time  to  time,  give  to  the  General  Assembly 
information  respecting  the  situation  of  the  State,  and  recommend  to  its 
consideration  such  measures  as  he  may  deem  expedient. 

Art.  72.  He  shall  take  care  that  the  laws  be  faithfully  executed, 
and  he  may,  on  extraordinary  occasions,  convene  the  General  Assembly  at 
the  seat  of  government,  or,  if  that  should  have  become  dangerous  from 
an  enemy  or  from  an  epidemic,  at  a  different  place.  The  power  to 
legislate  shall  be  limited  to  the  objects  enumerated  specifically  in  the 
proclamation  convening  such  extraordinary  session ;  therein  the  Governor 
shall  also  limit  the  time  such  session  may  continue;  provided,  it  shall  not 
exceed  twenty  days.  Any  legislative  action  had  after  the  time  so 
I'mited,  or  as  to  other  objects  than  those  enumerated  in  said  proclamation, 
shall  be  null  and  void. 

Art.  73.  Every  bill  which  shall  have  passed  both  houses  shall  be 
presented  to  the  Governor.  If  he  approve,  he  shall  sign  it ;  if  not,  he  shall 
return  it,  with  his  objection,  to  the  house  in  which  it  originated,  which 
house  shall  enter  the  objections  at  large  upon  the  journal,  and  proceed  to 
reconsider  it.  If,  after  such  reconsideration,  two-thirds  of  all  the 
members  elected  to  that  house  shall  agree  to  pass  the  bill,  it  shall  be  sent, 
with  the  objections,  to  the  other  house,  by  which  likewise  it  shall  be 
reconsidered,  and  if  passed  by  two-thirds  of  the  members  elected  to  that 
house,  it  shall  be  a  law;  but  in  such  cases  the  votes  of  both  houses  shall 
be  taken  by  yeas,  and  nays,  and  the  names  of  the  members  voting  for  and 
against  the  bill  shall  be  entered  on  the  journal  of  each  house  respectively. 
If  any  bill  shall  not  be  returned  by  the  Governor  within  five  days  after  it 
shall  have  been  presented  to  him,  the  same  shall  be  a  law  in  like  manner 


180  CONSTITUTION  OF  1879. 

as  if  he  had  signed  it,  unless  the  General  Assembly,  by  adjournment, 
shall  prevent  its  return,  in  which  case  it  shall  not  be  a  law. 

Art.  74.  The  Governor  shall  have  power  to  disapprove  of  any  item 
or  items  of  any  bill  making  appropriations  of  money  embracing  distinct 
items,  and  the  part  or  parts  of  the  bill  approved  shall  be  law,  and  the 
item  or  items  of  appropriation  disapproved  shall  be  void  unless  re-passed 
according  to  the  rules  and  limitations  prescribed  for  the  passage  of  other 
bills  over  the  Executive  veto. 

Art.  75.  Everj^  order,  resolution  or  vote  to  which  the  concurrence, 
of  both  houses  may  be  necessary,  except  on  a  question  of  adjournment, 
or  on  matters  of  parliamentary  proceedings,  or  an  address  for  removal 
from  office,  shall  be  presented  to  the  Governor,  and  before  it  shall  take 
effect  be  approved  by  him,  or,  being  disapproved,  shall  be  re-passed  by 
two-thirds  of  the  members  elected  to  each  house. 

Art.  76.  The  Treasurer,  Auditor,  Attorney  General  and  Secretary 
of  State  shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  electors  of  the  State  for  the 
term  of  four  years;  and  in  case  of  vacancy  caused  by  death,  resignation 
or  permanent  absence  of  either  of  said  officers,  the  Governor  shall  fill 
such  vacancy  by  appointment,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
Senate;  provided,  however,  that  notwithstanding  such  appointment,  such 
vacancy  shall  be  filled  by  election  at  the  next  election  after  the  occurrence 
of  the  vacancy. 

Art.  77.  The  Auditor  of  Public  Accounts  shall  receive  a  salary  of 
two  thousand  five  hundred  dollars  per  annum;  the  Treasurer  shall  receive 
a  salary  of  two  thousand  dollars  per  annum,  and  the  Secretary  of  State 
shall  receive  a  salary  of  one  thousand  eight  hundred  dollars  per  annum. 
Each  of  the  before  named  officers  shall  be  paid  monthly,  and  no  fees  or 
perquisites  or  other  compensation  shall  be  allowed  to  said  officers; 
provided,  that  the  Secretary  of  State  may  be  allowed  fees  as  may  be 
provided  by  law  for  copies  and  certificates  furnished  to  private  persons. 

Art.  78.  Appropriations  for  the  clerical  expenses  of  the  officers 
named  in  the  preceding  article  shall  specify  each  item  of  such  appro- 
priations; and  shall  not  exceed  in  any  one  year,  for  the  Treasurer,  the 
sum  of  two  thousand  dollars;  for  the  Secretary  of  State  the  sum  of  one 
thousand  five  hundred  dollars;  and  for  the  Auditor  of  Public  Accounts, 
the  sum  of  four  thousand  dollars. 

Art.  79.  All  commissions  shall  be  in  the  name  and  by  the  authority 
of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  and  shall  be  sealed  with  the  State  seal,  signed 
by  the  Governor  and  countersigned  by  the  Secretary  of  State. 

JTmTCTARY  DEPARTMENT. 

Art.  80.  The  judicial  power  shall  be  vested  in  a  Supreme  Court,  in 
courts  of  appeal,  in  district  courts  and  in  justices  of  the  peace. 

Art.  81.  The  Supreme  Court,  except  in  cases  hereinafter  provided, 
shall  have  appellate  jurisdiction  only,  which  jurisdiction  shall  extend  to 
all  cases  when  the  matter  in  dispute,  or  the  fund  to  be  distributed, 
whatever  may  be  the  amount  therein  claimed,  shall  exceed  one  thousand 


CONSTITUTION   OF   1879.  181 

dollars,  exclusive  of  interest  to  suits  for  divorce  and  separation  from 
bed  and  board,  and  to  all  cases  in  which  the  constitutionality  or  legality 
of  any  tax,  toll  or  impost  whatever,  or  of  any  fine,  forfeiture  or  penalty 
imposed  by  a  municipal  corporation  shall  be  in  contestation,  whatever 
may  be  the  amount  thereof,  and  in  such  cases  the  appeal  on  the  law  and 
the  fact  shall  be  directly  from  the  court  in  which  the  case  originated  to 
the  Supreme  Court;  and  to  criminal  cases  on  questions  of  law  alone, 
whenever  the  punishment  of  death  or  imprisonment  at  hard  labor  may  be 
inflicted  or  a  fine  exceeding  three  hundred  dollars  ($300)  is  actually 
imposed. 

Art.  82.  The  Supreme  Court  shall  be  composed  of  one  Chief 
Justice  and  four  Associate  Justices,  a  majority  of  whom  shall  constitute 
a  quorum.  The  Chief  Justice  and  Associate  Justices  shall  each  receive 
a  salary  of  five  thousand  dollars  ($5000)  per  annum,  payable  monthly  on 
their  own  warrants.  They  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Governor,  by  and 
with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate.  The  first  Supreme  Court  to 
be  organized  under  this  Constitution  shall  be  appointed  as  follows :  The 
Chief  Justice  for  the  term  of  twelve  years ;  one  Associate  Justice  for  the 
term  of  ten  years;  one  for  the  term  of  eight  years;  one  for  the  term  of 
six  years;  one  for  the  tei-m  of  four  years;  and  the  Governor  shall  desig- 
nate in  the  commission  of  each  the  term  for  which  such  judge  is 
appointed.  In  case  of  death,  resignation  or  removal  from  office  of  any 
of  said  judges  the  vacancy  shall  be  filled  by  appointment  for  the  unex- 
pired term  of  such  judge,  and  upon  the  expiration  of  the  term  of  any 
such  judges  the  office  shall  be  filled  by  appointment  for  a  term  of 
twelve  years.  They  shall  be  citizens  of  the  United  States  and  of  the 
State,  over  thirty-five  years  of  age,  learned  in  the  law,  and  shall  have 
practiced  law  in  this  State  for  ten  years  preceding  their  appointment. 

Art.  83.  The  State  shall  be  divided  into  four  Supreme  Court 
Districts,  and  the  Supreme  Court  shall  always  be  composed  of  judges 
appointed  from  said  districts.  The  parishes  of  Orleans,  St.  John  the 
Baptist,  St.  Charles,  St.  Bernard,  Plaquemines  and  Jefferson  shall  com- 
pose the  first  district,  from  which  two  judges  shall  be  appointed. 

The  parishes  of  Caddo,  Bossier,  Webster,  Bienville,  Claiborne. 
Union,  Lincoln,  Jackson,  Caldwell,  Ouachita,  Morehouse,  Richland. 
Franklin,  West  Carroll,  East  Carroll,  Madison,  Tensas  and  Catahoula 
shall  compose  the  second  district,  from  which  one  judge  shall  be 
appointed. 

The  parishes  of  DeSoto,  Red  River,  Winn,  Grant,  Natchitoches, 
Sabine,  Vernon,  Calcasieu,  Cameron,  Rapides,  Avoyelles,  Concordia, 
Pointe  Coupee,  West  Baton  Rouge,  Iberville,  St.  Landry,  Lafayette  and 
Vermilion,  shall  compose  the  third  district,  from  which  one  judge  shall  be 
appointed. 

And  the  parishes  of  St.  Martin,  Iberia,  St.  Mary,  Terrebonne, 
Lafourche,  Assumption,  St.  James,  Ascension,  East  Baton  Rouge,  East 
Feliciana,    West    Feliciana,    St.    Helena,    Livingston,    Tangipahoa,    St. 


182  CONSTITUTION   OF   1879. 

Tammany  and  Washington,  shall  compose  the  fourth  district,  from 
which  one  judge  shall  be  appointed. 

Art.  84.  The  Supreme  Court  shall  hold  its  sessions  in  the  city  of 
New  Orleans  from  the  first  Monday  in  the  month  of  November  to  the 
end  of  the  month  of  May  in  each  and  every  year.  The  General  Assembly 
shall  have  power  to  fix  the  sessions  elsewhere  during  the  rest  of  the  year. 
Until  otherwise  provided  the  sessions  shall  be  held  as  heretofore.  They 
shall  appoint  their  own  clerks  and  remove  them  at  pleasure. 

Art.  85.  No  judgment  shall  be  rendered  by  the  Supreme  Court 
without  the  concurrence  of  three  judges.  Whenever  three  members 
cannot  concur,  in  consequence  of  the  recusation  of  any  member  or 
members  of  the  court,  the  judges  not  recused  shall  have  authority  to  call 
on  any  judge  or  judges  of  the  district  courts,  whose  duty  it  shall  be, 
when  called  upon,  to  sit  in  the  place  of  the  judge  or  judges  recused,  and 
to  aid  in  the  determination  of  the  case. 

Art.  86.  Ail  judges,  by  virtue  of  their  office,  shall  be  conservators 
of  the  peace  throughout  the  State.  The  style  of  all  process  shall  be, 
■  The  State  of  Louisiana."  All  prosecutions  shall  be  carried  on  in  the 
name  and  by  the  auihority  of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  and  conclude: 
"Against  the  peace  and  dignity  of  the  same." 

Art.  87.  The  judges  of  all  courts,  whenever  practicable,  shall  refer 
to  the  law  by  virtue  of  which  every  definite  judgment  is  rendered,  but  in 
all  cases  they  shall  adduce  the  reasons  on  which  their  judgment  is 
founded. 

Art.  88.  There  shall  be  a  reporter  of  the  decisions  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  who  shall  report  in  full  all  cases  which  he  may  be  required  to 
report  by  law  or  by  the  court.  He  shall  publish  in  the  reports  the  title, 
numbers  and  head  notes  of  all  cases  decided,  whether  reported  in  full  or 
not. 

In  all  cases  reported  in  full  he  shall  make  a  brief  statement  of  the 
principal  points  presented  and  authorities  cited  by  counsel. 

He  shall  be  appointed  by  a  majority  of  the  court,  and  hold  his  office 
and  be  removable  at  their  pleasure. 

His  salary  shall  be  fixed  by  the  court,  and  shall  not  exceed  fifteen 
hundred  dollars  per  annum,  payable  monthly  on  his  own  warrant. 

Art.  89.  The  Supreme  Court  and  each  of  the  judges  thereof  shall 
have  power  to  issue  writs  of  habeas  corpus  at  the  instance  of  all  persons 
in  actual  custody  in  cases  where  it  may  have  appellate  jurisdiction. 

Art.  90.  The  Supreme  Court  shall  have  control  and  general  super- 
vision over  all  inferior  courts.  They  shall  have  power  to  issue  writs  of 
Certiorari,  prohibition,  mandamus,  quo  warranto  and  other  remedial 
writs. 

Art.  91.  The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  for  appeals  from  the 
district  court  to  the  Supreme  Court  upon  questions  of  law  alone,  when 
the  party  or  parties  aggrieved  desire  only  a  review  of  the  law. 

Art.  92.  Except  as  herein  provided,  no  duties  or  functions  shall 
ever  be   attached   by   law   to   the    Supreme   Court,   courts   of   appeal   or 


CONSTITUTION  OF   1879.  18-3 

district  courts,  or  the  several  judges  thereof,  but  such  as  are  judicial,  and 
the  said  judges  are  prohibited  from  receiving  any  fees  of  office  or  other 
compensation  than  their  salaries  for  any  official  duties  performed  by 
them.  No  judicial  powers,  except  as  committing  magistrates  in  criminal 
cases,  shall  be  conferred  on  any  officer  other  than  those  mentioned  in  this 
title ;  except  such  as  may  be  necessary  in  towns  and  cities ;  and  the 
judicial  powers  of  such  officers  shall  not  extend  further  than  the  cogni- 
zance of  cases  arising  under  the  police  regulations  of  towns  and  cities  in 
the  State. 

Art.  93.  The  judges  of  all  courts  shall  be  liable  to  impeachment  for 
crimes  and  misdemeanors.  For  any  reasonable  cause  the  Governor  shall 
remove  any  of  them  on  the  address  of  two-thirds  of  the  members  elected 
to  each  house  of  the  General  Assembly.  In  every  case  the  cause  or 
causes  for  which  such  removal  may  be  required  shall  be  stated  at  length 
in  the  address,  and  inserted  in  the  journal  of  each  house. 

ATTORNEY  GENERAL. 

Art.  94.  There  shall  be  an  Attorney  General  for  the  State,  who 
shall  be  elected  by  tlie  qualified  electors  of  the  State  at  large  every  four 
years.  He  shall  be  learned  in  the  law,  and  shall  have  actually  resided 
and  practiced  law  as  a  licensed  attorney  in  the  State  five  years  next 
preceding  his  election.  He  shall  receive  a  salary  of  three  thousand 
dollars  per  annum,  payable  monthly  on  his  own  warrant. 

COURTS  OF  APPEAL. 

Art.  95.  The  courts  of  appeal,  except  in  cases  hereinafter  provided, 
shall  have  appellate  jurisdiction  only,  which  jurisdiction  shall  extend  to 
all  cases,  civil  or  probate,  when  the  matter  in  dispute  or  the  funds  to  be 
distributed  shall  exceed  two  hundred  dollars,  exclusive,  of  interest,  and 
shall  not  exceed  one  thousand  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest. 

Art.  96.  The  courts  of  appeal  shall  be  composed  of  two  circuit 
judges,  who  shall  be  elected  by  the  two  houses  of  the  General  Assembly  in 
joint  session.  The  first  judges  of  the  courts  of  appeal  under  this  Con- 
stitution shall  be  elected  for  the  following  terms:  One  judge  for  each 
court  for  the  term  of  four  years  and  one  judge  for  the  term  of  eight 
years. 

Art.  97.  The  State,  with  the  exception  of  the  parish  of  Orleans, 
shall  be  divided  into  five  circuits,  from  each  of  which  two  judges  shall  be 
elected.  Until  otherwise  provided  by  law,  the  parishes  of  Caddo,  Bossier, 
Webster,  Bienville,  DeSoto,  Red  River,  Claiborne,  Union,  Lincoln, 
Natchitoches,  Sabine,  Jackson,  Winn  and  Caldwell,  shall  compose  the 
First  Circuit. 

The  parishes  of  Ouachita,  Richland,  Morehouse,  West  Carroll,  Cata- 
houla, Franklin,  Madison,  East  Carroll,  Concordia  and  Tensas,  shall  com- 
pose the  Second  Circuit. 

The   parishes   of   Rapides,    Grant,    Avoyelles,    St.    Landry,   Vernon, 


184  CONSTITUTION   OF   1879. 

Calcasieu,  Cameron,  Lafayette,  Vermilion,  St.  Martin  and  Iberia,  shall 
compose  the  Third  Circuit. 

The  parishes  of  East  Baton  Rouge,  West  Baton  Rouge,  Iberville, 
East  Felicriana,  St.  Helena,  Tangipahoa,  Livingston,  St.  Tammany, 
Washington,  Pointe  Ooupee  and  West  Feliciana,  shall  compose  the 
Fourth  Circuit. 

And  the  parishes  of  St.  Mary,  Terrebonne,  Ascension,  Lafourche, 
Assumption,  Plaquemines,  St.  Bernard,  Jefferson,  St.  Charles,  St.  John 
the  Baptist  and  St.  James,  shall  compose  the  Fifth  Circuit. 

Art.  98.  The  judges  of  the  courts  of  appeal,  until  otherwise  pro- 
vided by  law,  shall  hold  two  terms  annually  in  each  parish  composing 
their  respective  circuits. 

Art.  99.  Lentil  otherwise  provided  by  law,  the  terms  of  the  circuit 
courts  of  appeal  shall  be  as  follows: 

FIRST  CIRCUIT. 

Caddo^First  Mondays  in  January  and  June. 
Bossier — Third   Mondays  in   January   and   June. 
Webster — First  Mondays  in  February  and  July. 
Bienville — Second  Mondays  in  February  and  July. 
Claiborne — Third  ^rondays  in  February  and  July. 
Union — First  Mondays  in  March  and  October. 
Lincoln — Second  Mondays  in  March  and  October. 
Jackson — Third  I^fondays  in  March  and  October. 
Caldwell—  Fourth  ^Mondays  in  ^March  and  October. 
Winn — First  Mondays  in  April  and  November. 
Natchitoches — Second  Mondays  in  April  and  November. 
Sabine — Fourth  [Mondays  in  April  and  November. 
DeSoto — First  ]\rondays  in  May  and  December. 
Red  River — Third  Mondays  in  May  and  December. 

SECOND  CIRCUIT. 

Ouachita — First  Mondays  in  January  and  June. 
Richland — Fourth  Mondays  in  January  and  June. 
Franklin — First  Mondays  in  February  and  July. 
Catahoula — Second  Mondays  in  February  and  July. 
Concordia — Fourth  Mondays  in  February  and  July. 
Tensas — Second  Mondays  in  March  and  October. 
!^^adison — Fourth  Mondays  in  March  and  October. 
East  Carroll — Second  Mondays  in  April  and  November. 
West  Carroll — Fourth  Mondays  in  April  and  November. 
Morehouse — First  Mondays  in  May  and  December. 

THIRD  CIRCUIT. 

St.  Landry — First  Mondays  in  January  and  June. 
Avoyelles — Fourth  ^londays  in  January  and  June. 


CONSTITUTION   OF   1879.  1S5 

Rapides — Second  Mondays  in  February  and  July. 
Grant — Fourth  Mondays  in  February  and  July. 
Vernon — First  Mondays  in  March  and  October. 
Calcasieu — Second  Mondays  in  March  and  October. 
Cameron — Fourth  Mondays  in  !March  and  October. 
Vermilion — First  Mondays  in  April  and  November. 
Lafayette — Second  Mondays  in  April  and  November. 
Iberia — Fourth  Mondays  in  April  and  November. 
St.  Martin — Second  Mondays  in  May  and  December. 

FOURTH  CIRCUIT. 

East  Baton  Rouge — First  Mondays  in  January  and  June. 
West  Baton  Rouge — Fourtli  Mondays  in  January  and  June. 
]^ivingston — First  Mondays  in  February  and  July. 
Tangipahoa — Second  Mondays  in  February  and  July. 
St.  Tammany — I'ourtli  Mondays  in  February  and  July. 
Washington — First  Mondays  in  March  and  October. 
St.  Helena— Second  Mondays  in  March  and  October. 
East  Feliciana — Fourth  Mondays  in  March  and  October. 
West  Feliciana — Second  Mondays  in  April  and  November. 
Pointe  Coupee — Fourth  Mondays  in  April  and  November. 
Iberville — Second  Mondays  in  May  and  December. 

FIFTH  CIRCUIT. 

St.  Mary — First  Mondays  in  January  and  June. 

Terrebonne — Third  Mondays  in  January  and  June. 

Assumption — First  Mondays  in  February  and  July. 

Lafourche— Third  Mondays  in  February  and  July. 

St.  Charles — First  Mondays  in  March  and  October. 

Jefferson — Second  Mondays  in  March  and  October. 

St.  Bernard — Fourth  Mondays  in  March  and  October. 

Plaquemines — First  Mondays  in  April  and  November. 

St.  John  the  Baptist— Second  Mondays  in  April  and  November. 

St.  Janjes — Tliird  Mondays  in  April  and  November. 

Ascension — Second  Mondays  in  May  and  December. 

Art.  100.  Whenever  the  first  day  of  the  term  shall  fall  on  a  legal 
holiday,  the  court  shall  begin  its  sessions  on  the  first  legal  day  there- 
cfter. 

Art.  101.  Whenever  the  judges  composing  the  courts  of  appeal 
sl.all  concur,  theii  judgment  shall  be  final. 

Whenever  there  shall  be  a  disagreement,  the  judgment  appealed  from 
shall  stand  affirmed. 

Art.  102.  All  causes  on  appeal  to  the  courts  of  appeal  shall  be 
tried  on  the  original  record,  pleadings  and  evidence  in  the  district 
court. 

Art.  103.     The  rules  of  practice  regulating  appeals  to  and  proceed- 


186  CONSTITUTION  OF   18T9. 

ings  in  the  Supreme  Court  shall  apply  to  appeals  and  proceedings  in  the 
courts  of  appeal,  so  far  as  they  may  be  applicable,  until  otherwise  pro- 
vided by  law. 

Aet.  104.  The  judges  of  the  courts  of  appeal  shall  have  power  to 
issue  writs  of  habeas  corpus  at  the  instance  of  all  persons  in  actual 
custody,  within  their  respective  circuits.  They  shall  also  have  authority 
to  issue  writs  of  manda'rmus,  prohibition,  and  certiorari,  in  aid  of  their 
appellate  jurisdiction. 

Art.  105.  The  judges  of  courts  of  appeal  shall  each  receive  a 
salary  of  four  thousand  dollars  per  annum,  payable  monthly  on  their 
respective  warrants. 

The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  by  law  for  the  trial  of  recused 
cases  in  the  courts  of  appeal. 

Art.   106.     The  sheriff  of  the  parish   in  which   the  sessions  of  the 

court  are  held  shall  attend  in  person,  or  by  deputy,  to  execute  the  orders, 
of  the  court. 

DISTRICT  COURTS. 

Art.  107.  The  State  shall  be  divided  into  not  less  than  twenty  nor 
more  than  thirty  judicial  districts,  the  parish  of  Orleans  excepted. 

.  Art.  108.  Until  otherwise  provided  by  law,  there  shall  be  twenty-six 
districts. 

The  parish  of  Caddo  shall  compose  the  First  District. 

The  parishes  of  Bossier,  Webster  and  Bienville  shall  compose  the 
Second  District. 

The  parishes  ol  Claiborne,  Union  and  Lincoln  shall  compose  the 
Third  District. 

The  parishes  of  Jackson,  Winn  and  Caldwell  shall  compose  the 
Fourth  District. 

The  parishes  of  Ouachita  and  Richland  shall  compose  the  Fifth 
District. 

The  parishes  of  Morehouse  and  West  Carroll  shall  compose  the  Sixth 
District. 

The  parishes  of  Catahoula  and  Franklin  shall  compose  the  Seventh 
District. 

The  parishes  of  Madison  and  East  Carroll  shall  compose  the  Eighth 
District. 

The  parishes  of  Concordia  and  Tensas  shall  compose  the  Ninth 
District. 

Tlie  parishes  of  DeSoto  and  Red  River  shall  compose  the  Tenth 
District. 

The  parishes  of  Natchitoches  and  Sabine  shall  compose  the  Eleventh 
District. 

The  parishes  of  Rapides,  Grant  and  Avoyelles  shall  compose  the 
Twelfth  District. 

The  parish  of  St.  Landry  shall  compose  the  Thirteenth  District. 


CONSTITUTION   OF   1879.  187 

The  parishes  of  Vernon,  Calcasieu  and  Cameron  shall  compose  the 
Fourteenth  District. 

The  parishes  of  Pointe  Coupee  and  West  Feliciana  shall  compose  the 
Fifteenth  District. 

The  parishes  of  East  Feliciana  and  St.  Helena  shall  compose  the 
Sixteenth  District. 

The  parish  of  East  Baton  Rouge  shall  compose  the  Seventeenth 
District. 

The  parishes  of  Tangipahoa,  Livingston,  St.  Tammany  and  Wash- 
.'ngton  shall  compose  the  Eighteenth  District. 

The  parishes  of  St.  Mary  and  Terrebonne  shall  compose  the  Nine- 
teenth District. 

The  parishes  of  Lafourche  and  Assumption  shall  compose  the  Twen- 
tieth District. 

The  parishes  of  St.  llartin  and  Iberia  shall  compose  the  Twenty- 
first  District. 

The  parishes  of  Ascension  and  St.  James  shall  compose  the  Twenty- 
second' District. 

The  parishes  of  West  Baton  Rouge  and  Iberville  shall  compose  the 
Twenty-third  District. 

The  parishes  of  Plaquemines  and  St.  Bernard  shall  compose  the 
Twenty-fourth  District. 

The  parishes  of  Lafayette  and  Vermilion  shall  compose  the  Twenty- 
fifth  District. 

And  the  parishes  of  Jefferson,  St.  Charles  and  St.  John  the  Baptist 
shall  compose  the  Twenty-sixth  District. 

Art.  109.  District  courts  shall  have  original  jurisdiction  in  all  civil 
matters  where  the  amount  in  dispute  shall  exceed  fifty  dollars,  exclusive 
of  interest. 

They  shall  have  unlimited  original  jurisdiction  in  all  criminal, 
probate  and  succession  matters,  and  when  a  succession  is  a  party 
defendant. 

The  district  judges  shall  be  elected  by  a  plurality  of  the  qualified 
voters  of  their  respective  districts  in  which  they  shall  have  been  actual 
residents  for  two  years  nex"  preceding  their  election. 

They  shall  be  learned  in  the  law,  and  shall  have  practiced  law  in  the 
Scate  for  five  years  previous  to  their  election. 

They  shall  be  elected  for  the  term  of  four  years.  All  elections  to  fill 
vacancies  occasioned  by  death,  resignation  or  removal  shall  be  for  the 
unexpired  term,  and  the  Governor  shall  fill  the  vacancy  until  an  election 
can  be  held. 

The  judn-es  of  the  district  courts  shall  each  receive  a  salary  of  three 
thousand  dollars  per  annum,  payable  monthly  on  their  respective 
warrants. 

Art.  110.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  power  to  increase  the 
number  of  district  judges  in  any  district  whenever  the  public  business 
may  require. 


188  CONSTITUTION  OF   1879. 

Art.  111.  The  district  courts  shall  have  jurisdiction  of  appeals  from 
justices  of  the  peace  in  all  matters  where  the  amount  in  controversy  shall 
exceed  ten  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest. 

Art.  112.  The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  by  law  for  the  trial 
of  recused  cases  in  the  district  courts  by  the  selection  of  licensed 
attorneys-at-law,  by  an  interchange  of  judges  or  otherwise. 

Art.  113.  Whenever  in  this  Constitution  the  qualification  of  any 
justice  or  judge  shall  be  the  previous  practice  of  the  law  for  a  term  of 
years,  there  shall  be  included  in  such  term  the  time  such  justice  or 
judge  shall  have  occupied  the  bencli  of  any  court  of  any  record  in  this 
State;  provided,  he  shall  have  been  a  licensed  attorney  for  five  years 
before  his  election  or  appointment. 

Art.  114.  No  judge  of  any  court  of  the  State  shall  be  affected  in 
his  term  of  office,  salary  or  jurisdiction  as  to  territory  or  amount  during 
the  term  or  period  for  which  he  was  elected  or  appointed.  Any  legisla- 
tion so  afl'ecting  any  judge  or  court  shall  take  effect  only  at  the  end  of  the 
term  of  office  of  the  judge  or  judges  incumbents  of  the  court  or  courts 
to  which  such  legislation  may  apply  at  the  time  of  its  enactment.  This 
article  shall  not  affect  the  provisions  of  this  Constitution  relative  to 
impeachment  or  removal  from  office. 

Art.  115.  The  district  judges  shall  have  power  to  issue  writs  of 
habeas  corpus  at  the  instance  of  all  persons  in  actual  custody  in  their 
respective  districts. 

Art.  116.  The  General  Assembly  at  its  first  session  under  this 
Constitution  shall  provide  by  general  law  for  the  selection  of  competent 
and  intelligent  jurors,  who  shall  have  capacity  to  serve  as  grand  jurors 
and  try  and  determine  both  civil  and  criminal  cases,  and  may  provide 
in  civil  cases  that  a  verdict  be  rendered  by  the  concurrence  of  a  less 
number  than  the  whole. 

Art.  117.  In  those  districts  composed  of  one  parish  there  shall  not 
be  less  than  six  terms  of  the  District  Court  each  year. 

In  all  other  districts  there  shall  be  in  each  parish  not  less  than  four 
terms  of  the  District  Court  each  year,  except  in  the  parish  of  Cameron, 
in  which  there  shall  not  be  less  than  two  terms  of  the  District  Court 
each  year. 

Until  provided  by  law,  the  terms  of  the  District  Court  in  each 
parish  shall  be  fixed  by  a  rule  of  said  court,  which  shall  not  be  changed 
without  notice  by  publication  at  least  thirty  days  prior  to  such  change. 

There  shall  be  in  each  parish  not  less  than  two  jury  terms  each  year 
at  which  a  grand  jury  shall  be  impaneled,  except  in  the  parish  of 
Cameron,  in  which  tliere  shall  not  be  less  than  one  jury  term  each  year 
at  which  a  grand  jui*y  shall  be  impaneled. 

At  other  jury  terms  the  General  Assembly  shall  provide  for  special 
juries  when  nece.ssary  for  the  trial  of  criminal  cases. 


CONSTITUTION   OF   1879.  189 

SHEEIFFS  AND  CORONERS. 

Art.  118.  There  shall  be  a  sheriff  and  coroner  elected  by  the 
qualified  voters  of  each  parish  in  the  State,  except  the  parish  of  Orleans, 
who  shall  be  elected  at  the  general  elections  and  hold  office  for  four 
years. 

The  coroner  shall  act  for  and  in  place  of  the  sheriff  whenever  the 
sheriff  shall  be  a  party  interested,  and  whenever  there  shall  be  a  vacancy 
in  the  office  of  sheriff',  until  such  vacancy  shall  be  filled ;  but  he  shall  not 
during  such  vacancy  discharge  the  duties  of  tax  collector. 

The  sheriff,  except  in  the  parish  of  Orleans,  shall  be  ex-officio 
collector  of  State  and  parish  taxes. 

He  shall  give  separate  bonds  for  the  faithful  performance  of  his  duty 
in  each  capacity.  Until  otherwise  provided,  the  bonds  shall  be  given 
according  to  existing  laws. 

The  General  Assembly,  after  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution,  shall 
pass  a  general  law  regulating  the  amount,  form,  condition  and  mode  of 
approval  of  such  bonds,  so  as  to  fully  secure  the  State  and  parish  and  all 
parties  in  interest. 

Sheriffs  elected  at  the  fi'st  election  under  this  Constitution  shall 
comply  with  the  provisions  of  such  law  within  thirty  days  after  its 
promulgation,  in  default  of  which  the  office  shall  be  declared  vacant,  and 
the  Governor  shall  appoint  for  the  remainder  of  the  temi. 

Art.  119.  Sheriffs  shall  receive  compensation  from  the  parish  for 
their  services  in  criminal  matters  (the  keeping  of  prisoners,  conveying 
convicts  to  the  Penitentiary,  insane  persons  to  the  Insane  Asylum,  and 
service  of  process  from  another  parish,  and  service  of  process  or  the 
performance  of  any  duty  beyond  the  limits  of  his  own  parish  excepted), 
not  to  exceed  five  hundred  dollars  per  annum  for  each  Representative  the 
parish  may  have  in  the  House  of  Representatives. 

The  compensation  of  sheriffs  as  tax  collectors  shall  not  exceed  five 
per  cent,  on  the  amount  collected  and  paid  over;  provided,  that  he  shall 
not  be  discharged  as  tax  collector  until  he  makes  proof  that  he  ihas 
exhausted  the  legal  remedies  to  collect  the  taxes. 

Art.  120..  The  coroner  in  each  parish  shall  be  a  doctor  of  medicine, 
regularly  licensed  to  practice,  and  ex-officio  parish  physician ;  provided, 
this  article  shall  not  apply  to  any  parish  in  which  there  is  no  regularly 
licensed  physician  who  will  accept  the  office. 

CLERKS. 

Art.  121.  There  shall  be  a  clerk  of  the  district  court  in  each 
parish,  the  parish  of  Orleans  excepted,  who  shall  be  ex-officio  clerk  of  the 
Court  of  Appeal, 

He  shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  electors  of  the  parish  every  four 
years,  and  shall  be  ex-officio  parish  recorder  of  conveyances,  mortgages 
and  other  acts,  and  notary  public. 


190  CONSTITUTION   OF  1879. 

He  shall  receive  no  compensation  for  his  services  from  the  State  or 
the  parish  in  criminal  matters. 

lie  shall  give  bond  and  security  for  the  faithful  performance  of  hi? 
duties  in  such  amount  as  shall  be  fixed  by  the  General  Assembly. 

Art.  122.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  power  to  vest  in  clerks 
of  courts  authority  to  grant  such  o 'ders  and  to  do  such  acts  as  may  be 
deemed  necessaiy  for  the  furtherance  of  the  administration  of  justice; 
and  in  all  cases  powers  thus  vested  shall  be  specified  and  determined. 

Art.  123.  Clerks  of  district  courts  may  appoint,  with  the  approval 
of  the  district  judge,  deputies,  with  such  powers  as  shall  be  prescribed  by 
law;  and  the  General  Assembly  shall  have  power  to  provide  for  contin- 
uing one  or  more  of  them  in  office  in  the  event  of  the  death  of  the  clerk 
until  his  successor  shall  have  been  appointed  and  duly  qualified. 

DISTRICT  ATTORNEYS. 

Art.  124.  There  shall  be  a  district  attorney  for  each  judicial  district 
in  the  State,  who  shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  electors  of  the  judicial 
district.  He  shall  receive  a  salary  of  one  thousand  dollars  per  annum, 
payable  monthly  on  his  own  warrant,  and  shall  hold  office  for  four  years. 
He  shall  be  an  actual  resident  of  the  district  and  a  licensed  attomey- 
at-law  in  this  State. 

He  shall  also  receive  fees;  but  no  fees  shall  be  allowed  in  criminal 
cases,  except  on  conviction. 

Any  vacancy  in  the  office  of  district  attorney  shall  be  filled  by  ap- 
pointment by  the  Governor  for  the  unexpired  term.  There  shall  be  no 
parish  attorney  or  district  attorney  pro  tempore.  (This  article  shall  not 
apply  to  the  Parish  of  Orleans.) 

JUSTICES  OF  PEACE. 

Art.  125.  In  each  parish,  the  parish  of  Orleans  excepted,  there 
shall  be  as  many  justices  of  the  peace  as  may  be  provided  by  law. 

The  present  number  of  justices  of  the  peace  shall  remain  as  now 
fixed  until  otherwise  provided.  '1  hey  shall  be  elected  for  the  term  of 
four  years  by  the  qualified  voters  within  the  territorial  limits  of  their 
jurisdiction. 

They  sh;i]]  have  exclusive  original  jurisdiction  in  all  civil  matters 
when  the  matter  in  dispute  shall  not  exceed  fifty  dollars,  exclusive  of  in- 
terest, and  original  jurisdiction  concurrent  with  the  district  court,  when 
the  amount  in  dispute  shall  exceed  fifty  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest, 
and  shall  not  exceed  one  hundred  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest. 

They  shall  have  no  jurisdiction  in  succession  or  probate  matters,  or 
when  a  succession  is  a  defendant.  They  shall  receive  such  fees  or 
salary  as  may  be  fixed  by  law. 

Art.  126.  They  shall  have  criminal  jurisdiction  as  committing  mag- 
istrates, and  shall  havo  power  to  bail  or  discharge  in  cases  not  capital  or 
necessarily  punishable  at  hard  labor. 


CONSTITUTION  OF   1879.  191 

CONSTABLES. 

Art.  127.  There  shall  be  a  constable  for  the  court  of  each  justice 
of  the  peace  in  the  several  parishes  of  the  State,  the  parish  of  Orleans  ex- 
cepted, who  shall  be  elected  for  the  term  of  four  years  by  the  qualified 
voters  within  the  territor'al  lir:~its  of  the  jurisdiction  of  the  several  jus- 
tices of  the  peace. 

The  compensation,  salaries  or  fees  of  constables  and  the  amount  of 
their  bonds  shall  be  fixed  by  the  General  Assembly. 

COURTS  OF  THE  PARISH  AND  CITY  OF  NEW  ORLEANS. 

Art.  128.  There  shall  be  in  the  parish  of  Orleans  a  court  of  appeals 
for  said  parish,  with  exclusive  appellate  jurisdiction  in  all  matters,  civil  or 
probate,  arising  in  said  parish,  when  the  amount  in  dispute  or  fund  to 
be  distributed  exceeds  two  hundred  dollars,  interest  excluded,  and  is  less 
than  one  thousand  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest.  Said  court  shall  be 
presided  over  by  two  judges  who  shall  be  elected  by  the  General  As- 
sembly in  joint  session;  they  shall  be  residents  and  voters  of  the  City 
of  New  Orleans,  possessing  all  the  qualifications  necessary  for  judges  of 
Circuit  Court  of  Appeals  throughout  the  State.  They  shall  each  re- 
ceive an  annual  salary  of  four  thousand  dollars,  payable  monthly  upon 
their  respective  warrants. 

Said  appeals  shall  be  upon  questions  of  law  alone  in  all  eases  involv- 
ing less  than  five  hundred  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest,  and  upon  the  law 
and  the  facts  in  other  cases. 

It  shall  sit  in  the  City  of  New  Orleans  from  the  first  Monday  of  No- 
vember to  the  last  Monday  of  June  of  each  year. 

It  shall  have  authority  to  issue  writs  of  mandamus,  prohibition,  cer- 
tiorari and  habeas  corpuj  in  aid  of  its  appellate  jurisdiction. 

Art.  129.  The  provisions  of  this  Constitution  relating  to  the  terra 
of  office,  qualifications  and  salary  of  the  judges  of  the  Circuit  Courts 
of  Appeal  throughout  the  State,  and  the  manner  of  proceeding  and 
determining  causes  as  applicable  to  such  Circuit  Court  of  Appeals,  shall 
apply  to  this  court  and  its  judges,  in  so  far  as  such  provisions  are  not  in 
conflict  with  the  provisions  specially  relating  to  said  court  and  its  judges. 

Said  Court  of  Appeals  shall  have  jurisdiction  of  all  causes  now 
I>ending  on  appeal  from  the  parish  of  Orleans  before  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  State,  where  the  amount  in  dispute  or  fund  to  be  distributed  is 
less  than  one  thousand  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest,  and  the  Supreme 
Court  shall  at  once  transfer  said  causes  to  the  Court  of  Appeals. 

Art.  130.  For  the  parish  of  Orleans  there  shall  be  two  district 
courts,  and  no  more.  One  of  said  courts  shall  be  known  as  the  Civil 
District  Court  for  the  parish  of  Orleans,  and  the  other  as  the  Criminal 
District  Court  for  the  parish  of  Orleans.  The  former  shall  consist  of  not 
less  than  five  judges,  and  the  latter  not  less  than  two  judges,  having  the 
qualifications  prescribed  for  district  judges  throughout  the  State.  The 
said  judges  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Governor,  by  and  with  the  advice 


192  CONSTITUTION  OF  1879. 

and  consent  of  the  Senate,  for  the  term  of  eight  years.  The  first  appoint- 
ments shall  be  made  as  follows:  Three  judges  of  the  Civil  District  Dis- 
trict Court  for  four  years  and  two  for  eight  years;  one  Judge  of  the 
Criminal  District  Court  for  four  years  and  one  for  eight  years,  the  terms 
to  be  designated  in  their  commissions. 

The  said  judges  shall  receive  each  four  thousand  dollars  per  annum. 
Said  Civil  District  Court  shall  have  exclusive  and  general  probate  and 
exclusive  civil  jurisdiction  in  all  causes  where  the  amount  in  dispute  or 
to  be  distributed  exceeds  one  hundred  dollars,  exclusive  of  interests.  All 
causes  filed  in  said  court  shall  be  equally  allotted  and  assigned  among 
said  judges  in  accordance  with  rules  of  court  to  be  adopted  for  that  pur- 
pose. In  case  of  recusaton  of  any  judge  in  any  cause,  such  cause  shall 
be  reassigned  to  some  other  judge.  In  case  of  vacancy  there  shall  be  a 
reassignment,  in  accordance  with  rules  of  couii;.  Previous  to  reassign- 
ment, or  in  case  of  absence  from  the  parish,  sickness  or  other  disability 
of  the  judge  to  whom  any  cause  may  have  been  assigned,  any  judge 
of  said  court  may  issue  or  grant  conservatory  writs  or  orders.  In  other 
respects  each  judge  shall  have  exclusive  control  over  every  cause  assigned 
to  him  from  its  inception  to  its  final  determination  in  said  court.  The 
Criminal  District  Court  shall  have  general  criminal  jurisdiction  only. 
All  prosecutions  instituted  in  said  court  shall  be  equally  apportioned 
between  said  judges  by  lot.  Each  judge  or  his  successor  shall  have  exclu- 
sive control  over  everj-  cause  falling  to  him  from  its  inception  to  its  final 
determination  in  said  court.  In  case  of  vacancy  or  recusation,  causes 
assigned  shall  be  reassigned  under  order  of  court. 

Art.  131.  The  General  Assembly  may  increase  the  number  of 
judges  of  the  Civil  District  Court,  not,  however,  to  exceed  nine  judges, 
and  the  number  of  the  criminal  judges,  not  to  exceed  three. 

Art.  132.  The  Court  of  Appeals  and  the  Civil  and  Criminal  Dis- 
trict Courts  for  the  parish  of  Orleans  shall  respectively  regulate  the  order 
of  preference  and  trial  of  causes  pending^  and  adopt  other  rules  to  govern 
the  proceedings  therein  not  in  conflict  with  the  provisions  of  law. 

Art.  133.  The  Civil  District  Court  for  the  parish  of  Orleans  shall 
select  a  solvent,  incorporated  bank  of  the-  city  of  New  Orleans  as  a 
judicial  depository.  Therein  shall  be  deposited  all  moneys,  notes,  bonds 
and  securites  (except  such  notes  or  documents  as  may  be  filed  with 
suits  or  evidence,  which  shall  be  kept  by  the  clerk  of  the  court),  so  soon 
as  the  same  shall  come  into  the  hands  of  any  sheriff  or  clerk  of  court; 
such  deposits  shall  be  removable,  in  whole  or  in  part,  only  upon  order  of 
court.  The  officer  making  such  deposits  shall  make  immediate  and  writ- 
ten return  to  the  court  of  the  date  and  particulars  thereof,  to  be  filed 
in  the  cause  in  which  the  matter  is  pendiitg,  under  penalties  to  be  pre- 
scribed by  law. 

A.RT.  134.  There  shall  be  a  district  attorney  for  the  parish  of 
Orleans,  who  shall  possess  the  same  qualifications  and  be  elected  in  the 
same  manner  and  for  the  same  period  of  time  as  the  district  attorneys 
for  other  parishes,  as  provided  by  this  Constitution. 


CONSTITUTION  OP   1879.  193 

He  shall  receive  a  salary  of  one  thousand  dollars  per  annum  and 
such  fees  as  may  be  allowed  by  law;  but  no  fee  shall  be  allowed  in  crimi- 
nal cases  cases  except  on  conviction. 

He  may  appoint  an  assistant  at  a  salary  not  to  exceed  fifteen  hundred 
dollars  per  annum. 

Art.  135.  There  shall  be  in  the  city  of  iSI^ew  Orleans  three  city 
courts,  one  of  which  shall  be  located  in  that  portion  of  the  city  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Mississippi  river,  presided  over  by  judges  having  all  the 
qualifications  required  for  a  district  judge,  and  shall  be  elected  by  the 
qualified  voters  of  the  parish  for  the  term  of  four  years.  They  shall 
have  exclusive  and  final  jurisdiction  over  all  sums  not  exceeding  one  hun- 
dred dollars,  exclusive  of  interest.  The  General  Assembly  shall  regulate 
the  salaries,  territorial  division  of  jurisdiction,  the  manner  of  executing 
their  process,  the  fee  bill  and  proceedings  which  shall  govern  them. 
They  shall  have  authority  to  execute  commissions,  to  take  testimony 
and  receive  therefor  such  fees  as  may  be  allowed  by  law. 

The  General  Assembly  may  increase  the  number  of  city  courts  for 
said  parish,  not  to  exceed  eight  in  all.  Until  otherwise  provided  by  law, 
each  of  said  courts  shall  have  one  clerk,  to  be  elected  for  the  term  of  four 
years  by  the  qualified  voters  of  this  parish,  who  shall  receive  a  salary  of 
twelve  hundred  dollars  per  aniium,  and  no  more,  and  whose  qualifications, 
bond  and  duties  shall  be  regulated  by  law. 

Art.  136.  The  General  Assembly  may  provide  for  police  or  magis- 
trates' courts;  but  such  courts  shall  not  be  vested  with  jurisdction  beyond 
the  enforcement  of  municipal  ordinances  or  as  committing  magistrates. 

Art.  137.  There  shall  be  one  clerk  for  the  Civil  District  Court  and 
one  for  the  Criminal  District  Court  of  the  parish  of  Orleans.  The  for- 
mer shall  be  ex-officio  clerk  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  said  parish.  Said 
clerks  shall  be  removable  in  the  manner  provided  for  the  removal  of 
sheriffs  of  said  parish.  The  clerk  of  said  Civil  District  Court  shall  receive 
an  annual  salary  of  three  thousand  six  hundred  dollars,  and  no  more; 
and  the  clerk  of  the  Criminal  Court  an  annual  salary  of  three  thousand 
dollars,  and  no  more,  both  payable  quarterly  on  their  warrants.  They 
shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  voters  of  the  parish  for  the  term  of  four 
years. 

The  amount  and  character  of  the  bonds  and  qualification  of  the 
sureties  to  be  furnished  by  said  clerks  shall  be  prescribed  by  law. 

Art.  138.  The  Court  of  Appeals  and  one  judge  of  the  Civil  and 
Criminal  District  Court  of  the  parish  of  Orleans  shall  appoint  a  minute 
clerk  at  an  annual  salary  of  not  more  than  eighteen  hundred  dollars, 
whose  duties  shall  be  regulated  by  law.  Each  clerk  of  the  court  shall 
appoint,  by  and  with  the  consent  of  the  district  court  of  which  he  is  a 
clerk,  such  deputies  as  may  be  necessary  to  perform  efficiently  the  duties 
of  said  office,  at  salaries  to  be  fixed  by  law.  He  shall  be  responsible  for 
the  said  deputies,  and  may  require  from  each  such  security  as  he  may 
deem  sufficient  to  secure  himself;  and  said  deputies  shall  l>e  removable  at 
his  pleasure. 


194  CONSTITUTION  OF   1879. 

Art.  139.  There  shall  be  a  civil  and  a  criminal  sheriff  for  the 
parish  of  Orleans.  The  civil  sheriff  shall  be  the  executive  officer  of  all 
civil  courts,  except  city  courts,  and  the  criminal  sheriff  shall  be  the 
executive  officer  of  the  Criminal  District  Court. 

They  shall  attend  the  sittings,  execute  the  writs  and  mandates  of 
their  respective  courts.  They  shall  be  elected  by  the  voters  of  the  parish 
of  Orleans  every  four  years.  They  shall  be  citizens  of  the  State,  residents 
and  voters  of  the  city  of  New  Orleans,  at  least  twenty-five  years  of  age, 
and  shall  be  removable  each  by  the  Disti'ict  Court  of  which  he  is  the 
executive  officer,  upon  proof  after  trial,  without  jury,  of  gross  or  con- 
tinued neglect,  incompetency  or  unlawful  conduct,  operating  injury  to 
court  or  any  individual.  The  two  district  courts  for  the  parish  of 
Orleans  shall  immediately  upon  organization  under  this  Constitution,  in 
joint  session,  adopt  rules  governing  the  lodging  of  complaints  against 
and  trial  of  such  officers;  and  such  rules  once  adopted  shall  not  be 
changed  except  by  the  unanimous  consent  of  all  the  judges  composing 
said  courts. 

Art.  140.  The  civil  sheriff  of  the  parish  of  Orleans  shall  receive 
such  fees  as  the  General  Assembly  may  fix.  He  shall  render  monthly 
accoimts,  giving  amounts  and  dates,  number  and  title  of  causes  wherein 
received  or  paid  out,  of  all  sums  collected  and  disbursed  by  him,  which 
shall  be  filed  in  the  Civil  District  Court  of  said  parish  and  form  a  part  of 
its  public  records. 

He  shall  be  responsible  to  the  State  for  all  profits  of  said  office  over 
ten  thousand  dollars  per  annum  and  shall  settle  with  the  State  at  least 
once  a  year  in  such  manner  as  the  General  Assembly  may  provide. 

The  criminal  sheriff  shall  receive  an  annual  salary  of  thirty-six 
hundred  dollars,  and  no  more.  He  shall  receive  no  other  compensation. 
He  shall  charge  and  collect  for  the  State  from  parties  convicted  such 
fees  and  charges  as  may  be  fixed  by  law,  and  shall  render  monthly 
accounts  of  the  same. 

Art.  141.  Said  sheriffs  shall  appoint,  each  with  the  consent  and 
approval  of  the  District  Court  which  he  serves,  such  a  number  of 
deputies  as  the  said  court  may  find  necessary  for  the  proper  expedition 
of  the  public  business,  at  such  salaries  as  may  be  fixed  by  law.  Each 
sheriff  shall  be  responsible  for  his  deputies,  may  remove  them  at  pleasure? 
and  fill  vacancies  with  the  approval  of  the  court,  and  may  exact  from  all 
deputies  security  in  such  manner  and  amount  as  such  sheriff  may  deem 
necessary. 

Art.  142.  The  civil  sheriff  of  said  parish  shall  execute  a  bond  with 
sureties,  residents  of  said  parish,  conditioned  for  the  lawful  and  faithful 
performance  of  the  duties  of  his  office,  in  the  sum  of  fifty  thousand 
dollars.  The  sureties  shall  be  examined  in  open  court  by  the  judges  of 
the  Civil  District  Court  for  the  parish  of  Orleans,  and  the  questions  and 
answers  shall  bo  reduced  to  writing  and  form  a  portion  of  the  records  of 
said  court. 

A  similar  bond  shall  be  executed  by   the  criminal  sheriff  of  said 


CONSTITUTION  OF   1879.  195 

parish  in  the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars,  with  sureties  to  be  examined 
and  approved  as  to  solvency  by  the  Criminal  District  Court  of  said 
parish,  as  herein  directed  for  the  Civil  District  Court  of  said  parish  in 
the  case  of  the  civil  sheriff. 

Art.  143.  There  shall  be  one  constable  for  each  city  court  of  the 
parish  of  Orleans,  who  shall  be  executive  officer  of  such  court.  He  shall 
be  elected  by  the  qualified  voters  of  the  parish  of  Orleans  for  the  term 
of  four  years.  The  General  Assembly  shall  define  his  qualifications  and 
fix  his  compensation  and  duties,  and  shall  assimilate  the  same  so  far  aa 
practicable  to  the  provisions  of  this  Constitution  relating  to  the  civil 
sheriff  of  said  parish.  The  judges  of  the  city  courts  shall  sit  en  banc  to 
examine  such  bonds,  try  and  remove  constables  and  adopt  rules  regulatinij 
such  trial  and  removal.  They  shall  in  such  proceedings  be  governed  so 
far  as  practicable  by  the  provisions  of  this  Constitution  regulating  the 
proceedings  of  the  district  courts  of  the  parish  of  Orleans  in  the  case  of 
the  sheriffs  of  said  parish. 

Art.  144.  There  shall  le  a  register  of  conveyances  and  a  recorder 
of  mortgages  for  the  parish  of  Orleans,  who  shall  be  elected  by  the 
qualified  voters  of  said  parish  every  four  years.  The  register  of  con- 
veyances shall  receive  an  annual  salary  of  twenty-five  hundred  dollars, 
and  no  more,  and  said  recorder  of  mortgages,  an  annual  salary  of  four 
thousand  dollars,  and  no  more.  The  General  Assembly  shall  regulate  the 
qualifications  and  duties  of  said  officers  and  the  number  of  employees  they 
shall  appoint,  and  fix  the  salaries  of  such  employees,  not  to  exceed  eight- 
een hundred  dollars  for  each. 

Art.  145.  The  General  Assembly,  at  its  first  session  after  the 
adoption  of  this  Constitution,  shall  enact  a  fee-bill  for  the  clerks  of  the 
various  courts,  including  the  city  courts,  sitting  in  New  Orleans,  and  for 
the  civil  and  criminal  sheriffs,  cons*^ables,  register  of  conveyances  and 
recorder  of  mortgages  of  said  parish.  In  the  same  act  provision  shall  be 
made  for  a  system  of  stamps  or  stamped  paper  for  the  collection  by  the 
State,  and  not  by  said  officers,  of  such  fees  and-  charges,  so  far  as  clerks 
of  courts,  register  of  conveyances  and  recorder  of  mortgages  are  con- 
cerned. 

Art.  146.  All  fees  and  charges  fixed  by  law  for  the  various  courts 
of  the  parish  of  Orleans,  and  for  the  register  of  conveyances  and  recorder 
of  mortgages  of  said  parish  shall  enure  to  the  State,  and  all  sums  realized 
therefrom  shall  be  set  aside  and  held  as  a  special  fund,  out  of  which  shall 
be  paid  by  preference  the  judicial  expenses  of  the  parish  of  Orleans; 
provided,  that  the  State  shall  neve-  make  any  payment  to  any  sheriff, 
clerk,  register  of  conveyances  or  recorder  of  mortgages  of  the  parish  of 
Orleans,  or  any  of  their  deputies,  for  salary  or  other  expenses  of  their 
respective  offices,  except  from  the  special  fund  provided  for  by  this 
article,  and  any  appropriation  made  contrary  to  this  provision  shall  be 
null  and  void. 

Art.  147.  There  shall  be  one  coroner  for  the  parish  of  Orleans,  who 
shall  be  elected  every  four  years  by  the  qualified  electors  of  said  parish. 


196  CONSTITUTION   OF   1879. 

and  whose  duties  sliall  be  regulated  by  law.  He  shall  be  ex-officio  city 
phyriiclan  of  the  city  of  New  Orleans,  and  receive  an  annual  salary  of 
five  thousand  dollars,  and  no  more.  He  shall  be  a  practicing  physician  o£ 
said  city,  and  a  graduate  of  the  medical  department  of  some  university 
of  respectable  standing.  He  may  appoint  an  assistant  having  the  same 
qualifications  as  himself,  at  an  annual  salary  not  exceeding  three 
thousand  dollars.  The  salaries  of  both  coroner  and  assistant  to  be  paid 
by  the  parish  of  Orleans. 

The  maintenance  and  support  of  prisoners  confined  in  the  parish  of 
Orleans,  upon  charges  or  conviction  for  criminal  offenses  shall  be  under 
the  control  of  the  city  of  New  Orleans. 

GENERAL  PROVISIONS. 

Art.  148.  No  person  shall  hold  any  office,  State,  parochial  or  muni- 
cipal, or  shall  be  permitted  to  vote  at  any  election  or  act  as  a  juror,  who, 
in  due  course  of  law,  shall  have  been  convicted  of  treason,  perjury, 
forgery,  bribery  or  other  crime  punishable  by  imprisonment  in  the 
penitentiary,  or  who  shall  be  under  interdiction. 

/  RT.  149.  Members  of  the  General  Assembly  and  all  officers,  before 
they  enter  upon  the  duties  of  their  office,  shall  take  the  following  oath 
or  affirmation : 

"I  (A.  B.)  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will  support  the 
Constitution  and  laws  of  the  United  States  and  the  Constitution  and 
laws  of  this  State;  and  that  I  will  faithfully  and  impartially  discharge 

and  perform  all  the  duties  incumbent  upon  me  as 

according  to  the  best  of  mv  abilitv  and  understanding.  So  help  me 
God." 

Art.  150.  The  seat  of  government  shall  be  and  remain  at  the  city 
of  Baton  Rouge. 

The  General  Assembly,  at  its  first  session  after  the  adoption  of  this 
Constitution,  shall  make  the  necessary  appropriations  for  the  repair  of 
the  State  House  and  for  the  transfer  of  the  archives  of  the  State  to 
Baton  Rouge;  and  the  city  council  of  Baton  Rouge  is  hereby  authorized 
to  issue  certificates  of  indebtedness,  in  such  manner  and  form  as  to 
cover  the  subscription  of  thirty-five  thousand  dollars,  tendered  by  the 
citizens  and  city  council  of  said  city  to  aid  in  repairing  the  capifol  in 
said  city;  provided,  the  city  of  Baton  Rouge  shall  pay  into  the  State 
Treasury  said  amount  of  thirty-five  thousand  dollars  before  the  contract 
for  the  repairs  of  the  State  House  be  finally  closed. 

Art.  151.  Treason  against  the  State  shall  consist  only  in  levying 
war  against  it,  or  adhering  to  its  enemies,  giving  them  aid  and  comfort. 
No  person  shall  be  convicted  of  treason  except  on  the  testimony  of  two 
witnesses  to  the  same  overt  act,  or  on  his  confession  in  open  court. 

Art.  152.  All  civil  officers  shall  be  removable  by  an  address  of  two- 
thirds  of  the  members  elected  to  each  house  of  the  General  Assembly, 
except  those  whose  removal  is  otherwise  provided  for  by  this  Constitu- 
tion. 


CONSTITUTION   OF   1879.  197 

Art.  153.  No  member  of  Congress  nor  person  holding  or  exercising 
any  office  of  trust  or  profit  under  the  United  States  or  either  of  them, 
or  under  any  foreign  power,  shall  be  eligible  as  a  member  of  the  General 
Assembly,  or  hold  or  exercise  any  office  of  trust  or  profit  under  the 
State. 

Art.  154.  The  laws,  public  records  and  the  judicial  and  legislative 
written  proceedings  of  the  State  shall  be  promulgated,  preserved  and 
conducted  in  the  English  language,  but  the  General  Assembly  may 
provide  for  the  publication  of  the  laws  in  the  French  language,  and 
prescribe  that  judicial  advertisements  in  certain  designated  cities  and 
parishes  shall  also  be  made  in  that  language. 

Art.  155.  No  expost  facto  law,  nor  any  law  impairing  the  obliga- 
tions of  contracts,  shall  be  passed,  nor  vested  rights  be  divested,  unless 
for  purposes  of  public  utility  and  for  adequate  compensation  previously 
made. 

Art.  156.  Private  property  shall  not  be  taken  nor  damaged  for 
public  purposes  without  just  and  adequate  compensation  being  first  paid. 

Art.  157.  No  power  of  suspending  the  laws  of  this  State  shall  h'i 
exercised  unless  by  the  General  Assembly  or  its  authority. 

Art.  158.  The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  by  law  for  change 
of  venue  in  civil  and  criminal  cases. 

Art.  159.  No  person  shall  hold  or  exercise,  at  the  same  time,  more 
tJian  one  office  of  trust  or  profit,  except  that  of  justice  of  the  peace  or 
notary  public. 

Art.  160.  The  General  Assembly  may  determine  the  mode  of  filling 
vacancies  in  all  offices  for  which  provision  is  not  made  in  this  Consti- 
tution. 

Art.  161.  All  officers  shall  continue  to  discharge  the  duties  of  thei*" 
office  until  their  successors  shall  have  been  inducted  into  office,  except 
in  cases  of  impeachment  or  suspension. 

Art.  162.  The  military  shall  be  in  subordination  to  the  civil  power, 
and  no  soldier  shall,  in  time  of  peace,  be  quartered  in  any  house  without 
the  consent  of  its  owner. 

Art.  163.  The  General  Assembly  shall  make  it  obligatory  upon  each 
parish  to  support  all  infirm,  sick  and  disabled  paupers  residing  within  its 
limits;  provided,  that  in  every  municipal  corporation  In  a  parish  where 
the  powers  of  the  police  jury  do  not  extend,  the  said  corporation  shall 
support  its  own  infirm,  sick  and  disabled  paupers. 

Art.  164.  No  soldier,  sailor  or  marine  in  military  or  naval  service 
of  the  United  States  shall  hereafter  acquire  a  domicile  in  this  State  by 
reason  of  being  stationed  or  doing  duty  in  the  same. 

Art.  165.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  General  Assembly  to  pass  such 
laws  as  may  be  proper  and  necessary  to  decide  differences  by  arbitration. 

Art.  166.  The  power  of  the  courts  to  punish  for  contempt  shall  be 
limited  by  law. 

Art.  167.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  authority  to  grant 
lottery  charters  or  privileges;  provided,  each  chaiier  or  privilege  shall 


198  CONSTITUTION  OF   1879. 

pay  not  less  thau  forty  thousand  dollars  per  annum  in  money  into  tin 
treasury  of  the  State;  and  provided  further,  that  all  charters  shall  cease 
and  expire  on  the  first  of  January,  1895,  from  which  time  all  lotteries  are 
prohibited  in  the  State. 

The  forty  thousand  dollars  per  annum  now  provided  by  law  to  be 
paid  by  the  Louisiana  State  Lottery  Company,  according  to  the  pro- 
visions of  its  charter,  granted  in  the  year  18G8,  shall  belong  to  the 
Charity  Hospital  of  New  Orleans,  and  the  charter  of  said  company  is 
recognized  as  a  contract  binding  on  the  State  for  the  period  therein 
specified,  except  its  monopoly  clause,  which  is  hereby  abrogated,  and  all 
laws  contrary  to  the  provisions  of  this  article  are  hereby  declared  null  and 
void;  provided,  said  company  shall  file  a  written  renunciation  of  all  its 
monopoly  features  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  State  within  sixty 
days  after  the  ratification  of  this  Constitution. 

Of  the  additional  sums  raised  by  licenses  on  lotteries,  the  hospital  at 
Shreveport  shall  receive  ten  thousand  dollars  annually,  and  the  remaining 
sum  shall  be  divided  each  year  among  the  several  parishes  in  the  State 
for  the  benefit  of  their  schools. 

Art.  168.  In  all  proceedings  for  indictments  and  libel,  the  truth 
thereof  may  be  given  in  evidence.  The  jury  in  all  criminal  cases  shall 
be  the  judges  of  the  law  and  the  facts  on  the  question  of  guilt  or  inno- 
cence, having  been  charged  as  to  the  law  applicable  to  the  case  by  the 
Ijresiding  judge. 

Art.  169.  No  officer  whose  salary  is  fixed  by  the  Constitution  shall 
be  allowed  any  fees  or  perquisites  of  office,  except  where  otherwise  pro- 
vided for  by  this  Constitution. 

Art.  170.  The  regulation  of  the  sale  of  alcoholic  or  spirituous 
liquors  is  declared  a  police  regulation,  and  the  General  Assembly  may 
enact  laws  regulating  their  sale  and  use. 

Art.  171.  No  person  who,  at  any  time,  may  have  been  a  collector  of 
taxes,  whether  State,  parish  or  municipal,  or  who  may  have  been  other- 
wise intrusted  with  public  money  or  any  portion  thereof,  shall  be  eligible 
to  the  General  Assembly  or  to  any  office  of  honor,  profit  or  trust  under 
the  State  government,  or  any  parish  or  municipality  thereof,  until  he 
shall  have  obtained  a  discharge  for  the  amount  of  such  collections  and 
for  all  public  moneys  with  which  he  may  have  been  intrusted. 

Art.  172.  Gambling  is  declared  to  be  a  vice,  and  the  General 
Assembly  shall  enact  laws  for  its  suppression. 

Art.  173.  Any  person  who  shall  directly  or  indirectly  offer  or  give 
any  sum  or  sums  of  money,  bribe,  present,  reward,  promise  or  any  other 
thing  to  any  officer.  State,  parochial  or  municipal,  or  to  any  member  oi 
officer  of  the  General  Assembly,  with  the  intent  to  induce  or  influence 
such  officer  or  metr.ber  of  the  General  Assembly  to  appoint  any  person  to 
office,  to  vote  or  exercise  any  power  in  him  vested,  or  to  perform  any 
duty  of  him  required,  with  partiality  or  favor,  the  person  giving,  or 
offering  to  give,  or  the  officer  or  member  of  the  General  Assembly  so 
receiving  any  money,  bribe,  present,  reward,  promise,  contract,  obligation 


CONSTITUTION  OF   1879.  199 

or  security,  with  the  intent  or  for  the  purpose  or  consideration  aforesaid, 
shall  be  guilty  of  bribery,  and  on  being  found  guilty  thereof  by  any 
court  of  competent  jurisdiction,  or  by  either  house  of  the  General 
Assembly  of  which  he  may  be  a  member  or  officer,  shall  be  forever  dia 
qualified  from  holding  any  office,  State,  parochial  or  municipal,  and  shall 
be  forever  ineligible  to  a  seat  in  the  General  Assembly;  provided,  thas 
this  shall  not  be  construed  as  to  prevent  the  General  Assembly  from 
enacting  additional  penalties. 

Art.  174.  Any  person  may  be  compelled  to  testify  in  any  lawful 
proceeding  against  any  one  who  may  be  charged  with  having  committed 
the  oilense  of  bribery,  and  shall  not  be  permitted  to  withhold  his  testi- 
mony upon  the  ground  that  it  may  criminate  him  or  subject  him  to 
public  infamy;  but  such  testimony  shall  not  afterwards  be  used  against 
him  in  any  judicial  proceedings,  except  for  perjury  in  giving  such  testi- 
mony. 

Art.  175.  The  General  Assembly  shall,  at  its  first  session,  pass  laws 
to  protect  laborers  on  buildings,  streets,  roads,  railroads,  canals  and  other 
similar  works,  against  the  failure  of  contractors  and  sub-contractors  to 
pay  their  current  wages  when  due,  and  to  make  the  corporation,  com- 
pany or  individual  for  whose  benefit  the  work  is  done,  responsible  for 
their  ultimate  payment. 

Art.  176.  No  mortgage  or  privilege  on  immovable  property  shall 
affect  third  persons,  unless  recorded  or  registered  in  the  parish  where  the 
property  is  situated,  in  the  manner  and  within  the  time  as  is  now  or  may 
be  prescribed  by  law,  except  privileges  for  expenses  of  last  illness,  and 
Ijrivileges  for  taxes,  State,  parish  or  municipal;  provided,  such  privileges 
shall  lapse  in  three  years. 

Art.  177.  Privileges  on  movable  property  shall  exist  without  regis- 
tration for  the  same,  except  in  such  cases  as  the  General  Assembly  may 
prescribe  by  law,  after  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution. 

Art.  178.  The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  for  the  interest  of 
State  medicine  in  all  its  departments ;  for  the  protection  of  the  people 
from  unqualified  practitioners  of  medicine;  for  protecting  confidential 
communications  made  to  medical  men  by  their  patients  while  under  pro- 
fessional treatment,  and  for  the  purpose  of  such  treatment;  for  the 
establishment  and  maintenance  of  a  State  Board  of  Health. 

Art.  179.  The  General  Assembly  shall  create  a  Bureau  of  Agri- 
culture, define  its  objects,  designate  its  officers  and  fix  their  salaries,  at 
such  time  as  the  financial  condition  of  the  State  may  warrant  them,  in 
their  judgment,  in  making  such  expenditures;  provided,  that  such 
expenditures  never  exceed  ten  thousand  dollars  per  annum. 

THE  NEW  CANAL  SHELL  ROAD. 

Art.  180.  The  New  Basin  Canal  and  Shell  Road,  and  their  appur- 
tenances, shall  not  be  leased  or  alienated. 

The  General  Assembly,  at  its  first  session  after  the  ratification  of 
this    Constitution,    shall    provide    by    law    for    a    superintendent,    to    be 


200  CONSTITUTION   OP   1879. 

appointed  by  the  Governor  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  captains 
and  owners  of  vessels  plying  in,  and  of  merchants  doing  business  on, 
said  canal,  to  manage  the  same,  and  shall  enact  laws  for  the  regulation, 
maintenance  and  management  of  said  canal  and  shell  road;  provided, 
dues  shall  not  exceed  ten  cents  per  ton  on  the  measurement  tonnage  of 
all  vessels  entering  therein.  The  depth  of  water  in  the  canal  basin,  and 
on  the  bar  at  the  mouth,  shall  be  kept  at  the  depth  of  at  least  eight  feet ; 
provided,  that  all  expenses  of  improving  and  maintaining  said  canal, 
shell  road  and  appurtenances,  including  the  wages  and  salaries  of 
employees,  shall  be  paid  out  of  the  revenues  thereof,  and  not  otherwise. 

MILITIA. 

Ajrt.  181.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  authority  to  provide  by 
law  how  the  militia  of  this  State  shall  be  organized,  officered,  trained, 
armed  and  equipped,  and  of  whom  it  shall  consist. 

Art.  182.  The  officers  and  men  of  the  militia  and  volunteer  forces 
shall  receive  no  pay,  rations  and  emoluments  when  not  in  active  service 
by  authority  of  the  State. 

Akt.  183.  The  General  Assembly  may  exempt  from  military 
services  those  who  belong  to  religious  societies  whose  tenets  forbid  them 
to  bear  arms;  provided,  a  money  equivalent  for  these  services  shall  be 
exacted.  The  Governor  shall  have  power  to  call  the  militia  into  activft 
service  for  the  preservation  of  law  and  order,  or  when  the  public  service 
may  require  it;  provided,  that  the  police  force  of  any  city,  town  or 
parish,  shall  not  be  organized  or  used  as  part  of  the  State  militia, 

SUFFRAGE  AND  ELECTION. 

Art.  184.  In  all  elections  by  the  people  the  electors  shall  vote  by 
ballot;  and  in  all  elections  by  persons  in  a  representative  capacity  the 
vote  shall  be  viva  voce. 

Art.  185.  Every  male  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  every  mal? 
person  of  foreign  birth  who  has  been  naturalized,  or  who  may  have  legally 
declared  his  intention  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  before  he 
offers  to  vote,  who  is  twenty-one  years  old  or  upwards,  possessing  the  fol- 
lowing qualifications,  shall  be  an  elector  and  shall  be  entitled  to  vote  at 
any  election  by  the  people,  except  as  hereinafter  provided: 

1.  He  shall  be  an  actual  resident  of  the  State  at  least  one  year  next 
preceding  the  election  at  which  he  offers  to  vote. 

2.  He  shall  be  an  actual  resident  of  the  parish  in  which  he  offers  to 
vote  at  least  six  months  next  preceding  the  election. 

3.  He  shall  be  an  actual  resident  of  the  ward  or  precinct  in  which 
he  offers  to  vote  at  least  thirty  days  next  preceding  the  election. 

Art.  186.  The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  the  law  for  the 
proper  enforcement  of  the  provisions  of  the  foregoing  article;  provided, 
that  in  the  Parish  of  Orleans  there  shall  be  a  supervisor  of  registration. 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1879.  201 

who  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Governor,  by  and  with  the  advice  and 
consent  of  the  Senate,  whose  term  of  office  shall  be  for  a  period  of  foui- 
years,  and  whose  salary,  qualifications  and  duties  shall  be  prescribed  by 
law.  And  the  General  Assembly  may  provide  for  the  registration  of 
voters  in  the  other  parishes. 

Art.  187.  The  following  persons  shall  not  be  permitted  to  register, 
vote  or  hold  any  office  or  appointment  of  honor,  profit  or  trust  in  this 
State : 

Those  who  shall  have  been  convicted  for  treason,  embezzlement  of 
public  funds,  malfeasance  in  office,  larceny,  bribery,  illegal  voting,  or 
other  crime  punishable  by  hard  labor  or  imprisonment  in  the  penitentiary, 
idiots  and  insane  persons. 

Art.  188.  No  qualification  of  any  kind  of  suffrage  or  office,  nor  any 
restraint  upon  the  same,  on  account  of  race,  color  or  previous  condition 
shall  be  made  by  law. 

Art.  189.  Electors  shall,  in  all  cases  except  treason,  felony  or 
breach  of  the  peace,  be  privileged  from  arrest  during  their  attendance  on 
elections,  and  in  going  to  and  returning  from  the  same. 

Art.  190.  The  General  Assembly  shall  by  law  forbid  the  giving  or 
selling  of  intoxicating  drinks  on  the  day  of  election,  within  one  mile  of 
precincts,  at  any  election  held  within  the  State. 

Art.  191.  Until  otherwise  provided  by  law,  the  general  State  elec- 
tion shall  be  held  once  every  four  years  on  the  Tuesday  next  following 
the  third  Monday  in  April. 

Presidential  electors  and  members  of  Congress  shall  be  chosen  or 
elected  in  the  manner  at  the  time  prescribed  by  law. 

Art.  192.  Parochial  and  municipal  elections  in  the  cities  of  New 
Orleans  and  Shreveport  shall  be  held  on  the  same  day  as  the  general 
State  election,  and  not  oftener  than  once  in  four  years. 

Art.  193.  For  the  purpose  of  voting,  no  person  shall  be  deemed  to 
have  gained  a  residence,  by  reason  of  his  presence,  or  lost  it  by  reason 
of  his  absence,  while  employed  in  the  service,  either  civil  or  military, 
of  this  State  or  of  the  United  States ;  nor  while  engaged  in  the  navigation 
of  the  waters  of  the  State  or  the  United  States,  or  of  the  high  seas,  nor 
while  a  student  of  any  institution  of  learning. 

Art.  194.  The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  by  law  for  the  trial 
and  determination  of  contested  elections  of  all  public  officers,  whether 
State,  judicial,  parochial  or  municipal. 

Art.  195.  No  person  shall  be  eligible  to  any  office,  State,  judicial, 
parochial,  municipal  or  ward,  who  is  not  a  citizen  of  this  State  and  a  duly 
qualified  elector  of  the  State,  judicial  district,  parish,  municipality  or 
ward  wherein  the  functions  of  said  office  are  to  be  exercised.  And  when- 
ever any  officer,  State,  judicial,  parochial,  municipal  or  ward,  may  change 
his  residence  from  this  State,  or  from  the  district,  parish,  municipality 
or  ward  in  which  he  holds  such  office,  the  same  shall  thereby  be  vacated, 
any  declaration  of  retention  of  domicile  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 


202  CONSTITUTION   OF   1879. 

IMPEACHMENT  AND  REMOVALS  FROM  OFFICE. 

Art.  196.  The  Governor,  Lieutenant  Governor,  Secretary  of  State, 
Auditor,  Treasurer,  Attorney  General,  Superintendent  of  Public  Educa- 
tion and  the  judges  of  all  the  courts  of  record  in  this  State  shall  be  liable 
to  impeachment  for  high  crimes  and  misdemeanors,  for  nonfeasance  or 
malfeasance  in  office,  for  incompetency,  for  corruption,  favoritism,  extor- 
tion or  oppression  in  office,  or  for  gross  misconduct  or  habitual  drunken- 
ness. 

Art.  197.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  have  the  sole  power 
of  impeachment.  All  impeachments  shall  be  tried  by  the  Senate;  when 
sitting  for  that  purpose,  the  Senators  shall  be  upon  oath  or  affirmation, 
and  no  person  shall  be  convicted  without  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds 
of  the  Senators  present.  When  the  Governor  of  the  State  is  on  trial,  the 
Chief  Justice  or  the  Senior  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  shall 
preside. 

Judgments  in  cases  of  impeachment  shall  extend  only  to  removal 
from  office  and  disqualification  from  holding  office  of  honor,  trust  or 
profit  under  the  State,  but  the  party,  whether  convicted  or  acquitted,  shall, 
nevertheless,  be  liable  to  prosecution,  trial  and  punishment  according  to 
law. 

Art.  198.  All  officers  against  whom  articles  of  impeachment  may 
be  preferred  shall  be  suspended  from  the  exercises  of  the  functions  of 
their  office  during  the  pendency  of  such  impeachment,  and,  except  in  case 
of  the  impeachment  of  the  Governor,  the  appointing  power  shall  make 
a  provisional  appointment  to  replace  any  suspended  officer  until  the 
decision  of  the  impeachment. 

Art.  199.  For  any  reasonable  cause  the  Governor  shall  remove  an3' 
officer  on  the  address  of  two-thirds  of  the  members  elected  to  each  house 
of  the  General  Assembly.  In  every  such  case,  the  cause  or  causes  for 
which  such  removal  may  be  required  shall  be  stated  at  length  in  the 
address  and  inserted  in  the  journal  of  each  house. 

Art.  200.  For  any  of  the  causes  specified  in  Article  196,  judges  of 
the  courts  of  appeal  of  the  district  courts  throughout  the  State  and  of  the 
city  courts  of  the  Parish  of  Orleans  may  be  removed  from  office  by  judg- 
ment of  the  Supreme  Court  of  this  State  in  a  suit  instituted  by  the 
Attorney  General,  or  a  district  attorney,  in  the  name  of  the  State,  on 
his  relation.  The  Supreme  Court  is  hereby  vested  with  original  jurisdic- 
tion to  try  such  causes;  and  it  is  hereby  made  the  duty  of  the  Attorney 
General  or  of  any  district  attorney  to  institute  such  suit  on  the  written 
request  and  information  of  fifty  citizens  and  taxpayers  residing  within 
the  territorial  limits  of  the  district  or  circuit  over  which  the  judge 
against  whom  the  suit  is  brought  exercises  the  functions  of  his  office. 
Such  suits  shall  be  tried,  after  citation  and  ten  days'  delay  for  answer- 
ing, in  preference  to  all  other  suits,  and  wherever  the  court  may  be 
sitting;  but  the  pendency  of  such  suit  shall  not  operate  a  suspension 
from  office.     In  all  cases  where  the  officer  sued,  as  above  directed,  shall 


CONSTITUTIOX  OF  1879.  203 

be  acquitted,  judgment  shall  be  rendered  jointly  and  in  solid-o  againsc 
the  citizens  signing  the  request,  for  all  costs  of  the  suit. 

Art.  201.  For  any  of  the  causes  enumerated  in  Article  196,  district 
attorneys,  clerks  of  courts,  sheriffs,  coroners,  recorders,  justices  of  the 
peace  and  all  other  parish,  municipal  and  ward  officers  shall  be  removed 
by  judgment  of  the  District  Court  of  the  domicile  of  such  officer  (in 
the  Parish  of  Orleans,  the  Civil  District  Court),  and  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  district  attorney,  except  when  the  suit  is  to  be  brought 
against  himself,  to  institute  suit  in  the  manner  directed  in  Article  200, 
on  the  written  request  and  information  of  twenty-five  resident  citizens 
and  taxpayers,  in  the  case  of  district,  parish  or  municipal  officers,  and 
of  ten  resident  citizens  and  taxpayers,  in  the  case  of  ward  officers.  Such 
suit  should  be  brought  against  a  district  attorney  by  the  district  attorney 
of  an  adjoining  district,  or  by  counsel  appointed  v  by  the  judge  for  that 
pui-pose.  In  all  such  cases  the  defendant,  the  State  and  the  citizens  and 
taxpayers  on  whose  information  and  at  whose  request  such  suit  was 
brought,  or  any  of  them,  shall  have  the  right  to  appeal,  both  on  the  law 
and  the  facts,  from  the  judgment  of  the  court.  In  all  cases  where  the 
officer  sued  as  above  directed  shall  be  acquitted,  judgment  shall  be  rend- 
ered jointly  and  in  solido  against  the  citizens  signing  the  request,  for 
all   costs   of  the   suit. 

In  cases  against  district  attorneys,  clerks,  sheriffs  and  recorders, 
the  appeal  shall  be  to  the  Supreme  Court,  and  in  cases  against  all  other 
officers  the  appeal  shall  be  in  the  court  of  appeal  to  the  proper  circuit. 

Such  appeals  shall  be  returnable  within  ten  days  to  the  Appellate 
Court,  wherever  it  may  be  sitting  or  wherever  it  may  hold  its  next 
session,  and  may  be  transferred  by  order  of  the  judges  of  said  court 
to  another  parish  within  their  circuit;  and  such  appeals  shall  be  tried 
by  preference  over  all  others.  In  case  of  the  refusal  or  neglect  of  the 
district  attorney  or  Attorney  General  to  institute  and  prosecute  any 
suit  provided  for  in  this  and  the  preceding  article,  the  citizens  and  tax- 
payers making  the  request,  or  any  of  them,  shall  have  the  right  by  man- 
damus to  compel  him  to  perform  such  duty. 

EE VENUE  AND   TAXATION. 

Art.  202.  The  taxing  power  may  be  exercised  by  the  General 
Assembly  for  State  purposes,  and  by  parishes  and  municipal  corpora- 
tions, under  authority  granted  to  them  by  the  General  Assembly,  for 
parish  and  municipal  purposes. 

Art.  203.  Taxation  shall  be  equal  and  uniform  throughout  tht^ 
territorial  limi+s  of  the  authority  levying  the  tax,  and  all  property 
•.■'-P'1  be  taxed  in  proportion  to  its  value,  to  be  ascertained  as  directed 
by  law;  provided,  the  assessment  of  all  property  shall  never  exceed  tht^ 
actual  cash  value  thereof;  and  provided,  further  that  the  taxpayers 
shall  have  the  right  of  testing  the  correctness  of  their  assessments  before 
the  courts  of  justice.    In  order  to  arrive  at  this  equality  and  uniformity, 


2Ui  CONSTITUTION   OF   1879. 

the  General  Assembly  shall,  at  its  first  session  after  the  adoption  of 
this  Constitution,  provide  a  system  of  equality  and  uniformity  in  assess- 
ments based  upon  the  relative  value  of  property  in  the  different  portions 
of  the  State.  The  valuations  put  upon  property  for  the  purposes  of  the 
State  taxation  shall  be  taken  as  the  proper  valuation  for  purposes  of 
local  taxation  in  every  subdivision  of  the  State. 

tVrt.  204.  The  taxing  power  shall  be  exercised  only  to  carry  or 
and  maintain  the  government  of  the  State  and  the  public  institution-^ 
thereof,  to  educate  the  children  of  the  State,  to  pay  the  principal  and 
interest  of  the  public  debt,  to  suppress  insurrection,  repel  invasion  or 
defend  the  State  in  time  of  war;  to  supply  the  citizens  of  the  State, 
who  lost  a  limb  or  limbs  in  the  military  service  of  the  Confederate 
States,  with  substantial  artificial  limbs  during  life,  and  for  levee  pur- 
poses, as  hereinafter  provided. 

Art.  205.  The  power  to  tax  corporations  and  corporate  property 
shall  never  be  surrendered  nor  suspended  by  act  of  the  General  Assembly. 

Art.  206.  The  General  Assembly  may  levy  a  license  tax,  and  in 
such  case  shall  graduate  the  amount  of  such  tax  to  be  collected  from 
the  persons  pursuing  the  several  trades,  professions,  vocations  and  call- 
ings. All  persons,  associations  of  persons  and  cori>orations  pursuing  any 
trade,  profession,  business  or  calling  may  be  rendered  liable  to  such 
tax,  except  clerks,  laborers,  clergymen,  school  teachers,  those  engaged 
in  mechanical,  agricultural,  horticultural  and  mining  pursuits,  and 
manufacturers  other  than  those  of  distilled  alchoholic  or  malt  liquore, 
tobacco  and  cigars  and  cotton-seed  oil.  No  political  corporation  shall 
impose  a  greater  license  tax  than  is  imposed  by  the  General  Assembly 
for  State  purposes. 

Art.  207.  The  following  property  shall  be  exempt  from  taxation, 
and  no  other,  viz. :  All  public  property,  places  of  religious  worship  or 
burial,  all  charitable  institutions,  all  buildings  and  property  used  exclus- 
ively for  colleges  and  other  school  purposes,  the  real  and  personal  estate 
of  any  public  library  and  that  of  any  other  library  association  used  by 
or  connected  with  such  library,  all  books  and  philosophical  apparatus 
and  all  painting  and  statuary  of  any  company  or  association  kept  in 
public  hall;  provided,  the  property  so  exempted  be  not  used  or  leased 
for  purposes  of  private  or  corporate  profit  and  income.  There  shall 
also  be  exempt  from  taxation  household  property  to  the  value  of  five 
hundred  dollars.  There  shall  also  be  exempt  from  taxation  and  license, 
for  a  period  of  ten  years  from  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution,  the 
capital,  machinery  and  other  property  employed  in  the  manufacture  of 
textile  fabrics,  leather,  shoes,  harness,  saddlery,  hats,  fiour,  machinery, 
agricultural  implements,  and  furniture  and  other  articles  of  wood, 
marble,  or  stone;  soap,  stationery,  ink  and  paper,  boat  building,  and 
chocolate;  provided,  that  not  less  than  five  hands  are  employed  in  any 
one  factory. 

Art.  208.  The  General  Assembly  shall  levy  an  annual  poll  tax  for 
the  maintenance  of  the  public  schools,   upon  every  male  inhabitant  in 


CONSTITUTION  OP  1879.  •      205 

the  State  over  the  age  of  twenty-one  years,  which  shall  never  be  les^ 
than  one  dollar  nor  exceed  one  dollar  and  a  half  per  capita,  and  the 
General  Assembly  shall  pass  laws  to  enforce  the  payment  of  said  tax. 

Art.  209.  The  State  tax  on  property  for  all  purposes  whatever, 
including  expenses  of  government,  schools,  levees  and  interest,  shall  not 
exceed  in  any  one  year  six  mills  on  the  dollar  of  its  assessed  valuation, 
if  the  ordinance  regarding  the  bonded  debt  of  the  State  is  adopted  and 
ratified  by  the  people;  and,  if  said  ordinance  is  not  adopted  and  ratified 
by  the  people,  said  State  tax  for  all  purposes  aforesaid  shall  not  exceed 
in  any  one  year  five  mills  on  the  dollar  of  the  assessed  valuation  of  the 
property;  and  no  parish  or  municipal  tax  for  all  purposes  whatsoevev 
shall  exceed  ten  mills  on  the  dollar  of  valuation;  provided  that,  for  the 
purpose  of  erecting  and  constructing  public  buildings,  bridges  and  works 
of  public  improvement  in  parishes  and  municipalities,  the  rates  of  tax- 
ation herein  limited  may  be  increased  when  the  rate  of  such  increase 
and  the  purpose  for  which  it  is  intended  shall  have  been  submitted  to 
a  vote  of  the  property  taxpayers  of  such  parish  or  municipality  entitled 
to  a  vote  under  the  election  laws  of  the  State,  and  a  majority  of  same 
voting  at  such  election  shall  have  voted  therefor. 

Art.  210.  There  shall  be  no  forfeiture  of  property  for  the  non- 
payment of  taxes.  State,  levee  district,  parochial  or  municipal,  but  at 
the  expiration  of  the  year  in  which  they  are  due  the  collector  shall, 
without  suit,  and  after  giving  notice  to  the  delinquent  in  the  manner 
to  be  provided  by  law  (which  shall  not  be  by  publication,  except  in 
cases  of  unknown  owner),  advertise  for  sale  the  property  on  which  the 
taxes  are  due  in  the  manner  provided  for  judicial  sales,  and  on  the  day 
of  sale  he  shall  sell  such  portion  of  the  property  as  the  debtor  shall 
point  out,  and,  in  case  the  debtor  shall  not  point  out  sufficient  property, 
the  collector  shall  at  once  and  without  further  delay  sell  the  least  quan- 
tity of  property  which  any  bidder  will  buy  for  the  amount  of  the  taxes, 
interest  and  costs.  The  sale  shall  be  without  appraisement,  and  the 
property  sold  shall  be  redeemable  at  any  time  for  the  space  of  one  year, 
by  paying  the  price  given,  with  twenty  per  cent,  and  costs  added.  No 
sale  of  property  for  taxes  shall  be  annulled  for  any  informality  in  the 
proceedings  until  the  price  paid,  w;th  ten  per  cent,  interest,  be  tendered 
to  the  purchaser.  All  deeds  of  sale  made,  or  that  may  be  made,  by  col- 
lectors of  taxes,  shall  be  received  by  courts  in  evidence  as  prima  facie 
valid  sales. 

Art.  211.  The  taxes  shall  be  designated  by  the  year  in  which  it  's 
collectible,  and  the  tax  on  movable  property  shall  be  collected  in  the 
year  in  which  the  assessment  is  made. 

Art.  212.  The  Legislature  shall  pass  no  law  postponing  the  'pay- 
ment of  taxes,  except  in  case  of  overflow,  general  conflagration,  general 
destruction  of  the  crops  or  other  public  calamity. 

Art.  213.  A  levee  system  shall  be  maintained  in  the  State,  and  .-i 
tax  not  to  exceed  one  mill  may  be  levied  annually  on  all  property  subject 


208  cox.sTiruTiox  of  1879. 

to   taxation,   and   shall  be   applied   exclusively   to   the  maintenance   anil 
repairs  of  levees. 

Art.  214.  The  General  Assembly  may  divide  the  State  into  levee 
districts  and  provide  for  the  appointment  or  election  of  levee  commis- 
sioners in  said  districts,  who  shall,  in  the  method  and  manner  to  be  pro- 
vided by  law,  have  supervision  of  the  erection,  repairs  and  maintenance 
of  the  levees  in  said  districts;  to  that  eifect  it  may  levy  a  tax  not  to 
exceed  five  mills  on  the  taxable  property  situated  within  the  alluvial 
portions  of  said  districts  subject  to  overflow. 

Art.  215.  The  provisions  of  the  above  two  articles  shall  cease  to 
have  effect  whenever  the  Federal  Government  shall  assume  permanent: 
control  and  provide  the  ways  and  means  for  the  maintenance  of  levees 
in  this  State.  The  Federal  Government  is  authorized  to  make  sucii. 
geological,  topographical,  hydrographical  and  hydrometrical  surveys  and 
investigations  within  the  State  as  may  be  necessary  to  carry 
into  effect  the  Act  of  Congress  to  provide  for  the  appointment  of  a  Mis- 
sissippi river  commission  for  the  improvement  of  said  river,  from  the 
head  of  the  passes  near  its  mouth  to  the  headwaters,  and  to  construct 
and  protect  such  public  works  and  improvements  as  may  be  ordered  by 
Congress  under  the  provisions  of  said  act. 

Art.  21{i.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  power,  with  the  con- 
currence of  an  adjacent  State  or  States,  to  create  levee  districts  com- 
posed of  territory  partly  in  this  State  and  partly  in  adjacent  State  or 
States,  and  the  levee  commissioners  for  such  district  or  districts  shall 
possess  all  the  powers  provided  by  Article  214  of  the  Constitution. 

Art.  217.  Corporations,  companies  or  associations  organized  or 
domiciled  out  of  the  State,  but  doing  business  herein,  may  be  licensed 
by  a  mode  different  from  that  provided  for  home  corporations  or  com 
panics;  provided,  said  different  mode  of  license  shall  be  uniform,  upon  a 
graduated  system,  as  to  all  such  corporations,  companies  or  associations 
that  transact  the  same  kind  of  business. 

Art.  218.  All  the  articles  and  provisions  of  'this  Constitution 
regulating  and  relating  to  the  collection  of  State  taxes  and  tax  sales 
shall  also  apply  to  and  regulate  the  collection  of  parish,  district  anc^ 
municipal   taxes. 

HOMESTEADS  AND  EXEMPTIONS. 

Art.  219.  There  shall  be  exempt  from  seizure  and  sale  by  any 
process  whatever,  except  as  herein  provided,  the  "homesteads"  bona  fide 
owned  by  the  debtor  and  occupied  by  him,  consisting  of  lands,  build- 
ings and  ai)purtcnances,  whether  rural  or  urban,  of  every  head  of  a 
family,  or  person  having  a  mother  or  father,  a  person  or  persons  depend- 
ent on  him  or  her  for  support;  also  one  work-horse,  one  wagon  or  cart, 
one  yoke  of  oxen,  two  cows  and  calves,  twenty-five  head  of  hogs,  or  ono 
thousand  pounds  of  bacon  or  its  equivalent  in  pork,  whether  these 
c  xcnipted  objects  be  attached  to  a  homestead  or  not ;  and,  on  a  farm,  the 


CONSTITUTION  OF   1879.  207 

necessary  quantity  of  corn  and  fodder  for  the  current  year,  and  the 
necessary  farming  implements  to  the  value  of  two  thousand  dollars. 

Provided  that,  in  case  the  homestead  exceeds  two  thousand  dollars 
in  value,  the  beneficiary  shall  be  entitled  to  that  amount  in  case  a  sale 
of  the  homestead  under  any  legal  process  realizes  more  than  that  sum. 

ISTo  husband  shall  have  the  benefit  of  a  homestead  whose  wife  owns 
and  is  in  the  actual  enjoyment  of  property  or  means  to  the  amount  of 
two  thousand  dollars. 

Such  exemptions,  to  be  valid,  shall  he  set  apart  and  registered  as 
shall  be  provided  by  law.  The  benefit  of  this  provision  may  be  claimed 
by  the  surviving  spouse  or  minor  child  or  children  of  a  deceased  bene- 
ficiary if  in  indigent  circumstances. 

Art.  220.  Laws  shall  be  passed  as  early  as  practicable  for  the  set- 
ting apart,  valuation  and  registration  of  property  claimed  as  a  home- 
stead. Rights  to  homesteads,  or  exemptions  under  laws  or  contracts, 
or  for  debts  existing  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution, 
shall  not  be  impaired,  repealed  or  affected  by  any  provision  of  this  Con- 
stitution, or  any  laws  passed  in  pursuance  thereof.  No  court  or  minis- 
terial officer  of  this  State  shall  ever  have  jurisdiction  or  authority  lo 
enforce  any  judgment,  execution  or  decree  against  the  property  set  apart 
for  a  homestead,  including  such  improvements  as  may  be  made  thereon 
from  time  to  time;  provided,  the  property  herein  declared  to  be  exemp: 
shall  not  exceed  in  value  two  thousand  dollars.  This  exemption  shall 
not  apply  to  the  following  cases,  to-wit: 

1.  For  the  purchase  price  of  said  property,  or  any  part  thereof. 

2.  For  labor  and  material  furnished  for  building,  repairing  on 
improving  homesteads. 

3.  For  liabilities  incurred  by  any  public  officer  or  fiduciary,  or  any 
attorney  at  law,  for  money  collected  or  received  on  deposit. 

4.  For  lawful  claims  for  taxes  or  assessment. 

Art.  221.  The  owner  of  a  homestead  shall  at  any  time  have  the 
right  to  supplement  his  exemption  by  adding  to  an  amount  already  set 
apart,  which  is  less  than  the  whole  amount  and  exemption  herein  allowed, 
sufficient  to  make  his  homestead  and  exemption  equal  to  the  whoL; 
amount  allowed  by  this  Constitution. 

Art.  222.  The  homestead  shall  not  be  susceptible  of  mortgage, 
except  for  the  purchase  price,  labor  and  material  furnished  for  the 
building,  repairing  or  improving  homestead;  nor  shall  any  renunciation 
or  waiver  of  homestead  rights  or  exemptions  be  valid.  The  right  to  sell 
any  property  which  shall  be  recorded  as  a  homestead  shall  be  preserved, 
but  no  sale  shall  destroy  or  impair  any  rights  of  creditors  therein. 

Art.  223.  Equitable  laws  shall  be  passed  for  the  protection  of  cred- 
itors against  the  fraudulent  claims  of  debtors,  for  the  punishment  of 
fraud,  and  for  reaching  property  and  funds  of  the  debtor  concealed 
from  the  creditor. 


208  CONSTITUTION  OF  1879.  ■ 

PUBLIC  EDUCATION. 

Akt,  224.  There  shall  be  free  public  schools  established  by  the 
General  iKsseii^J^ly  throughout  the  State  for  the  education  of  all  the 
children  of  the  State  between  the  ages  of  six  and  eighteen  years;  and 
the  General  Assembly  shall  provide  for  their  establishment,  mainten- 
ance and  support  by  taxation,  or  otherwise,  and  all  moneys  raised, 
except  the  poll  tax,  shall  be  distributed  to  each  parish  in  proportion  to 
the  number  of  children  between  the  ages  of  six  and  eighteen  years. 

Art.  225.  There  shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  electors  of  the 
State  a  Superintendent  of  Public  Education,  who  shall  hold  his  office 
for  the  term  of  four  years,  and  until  his  successor  is  qualified.  His 
duties  shall  be  prescribed  by  law  and  he  shall  receive  an  annual  salary 
of  two  thousand  dollars.  The  aggregate  annual  expenses  of  his  office, 
including  his  salary,  shall  not  exceed  the  smn  of  three  thousand  dollars. 
The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  for  the  appointment  of  parish 
boards  of  public  education  for  the  different  parishes. 

The  parish  boards  may  appoint  a  parish  superintendent  of  public 
schools  in  their  respective  parishes,  who  shall  be  ex-officio  secretary  of 
the  parish  board,  and  whose  salary  for  his  double  functions  shall  not 
exceed  two  hundred  dollars  annually,  except  that  in  the  Parish  of  Orleans 
the  salary  of  the  parish  superintendent  shall  be  fixed  by  the  General 
Assembly,  to  be  paid  out  of  the  public  fund  accruing  to  each  parish 
respectively. 

Art.  226.  The  general  exercises  in  the  public  schools  shall  be  con- 
ducted in  the  English  language  and  the  elementary  branches  taught 
therein;  provided,  that  these  elementary  branches  may  be  also  taught  in 
the  French  language  in  those  parishes  in  the  State,  or  localities  in  said 
parishes  where  the  French  language  predominates,  if  no  additional 
expense  is  incurred  thereby. 

Art.  227.  The  funds  derived  from  the  collection  of  the  poll  tax 
shall  be  applied  exclusively  to  the  maintenance  of  the  public  schools 
as  organized  under  this  Constitution,  and  shall  be  applied  exclusively 
to  the  support  of  the  public  schools  in  the  parish  in  which  the  same  shall 
be  collected,  and  shall  be  accounted  for  and  paid  by  the  collecting 
officers  directly  to  the  competent  school  authorities  of  each  parish. 

-  Art.  228.  ISTo  funds  raised  for  the  support  of  the  public  school? 
of  the  State  shall  be  appropriated  to  or  used  for  the  support  of  any 
sectarian  schools. 

Art.  229.     The  school  fund  of  this  State  shall  consist  of: 

1.  The  proceeds  of  taxation  for  school  purposes,  as  provided  in  this 
Constitution. 

2.  The  interest  on  the  proceeds  of  all  public  lands  heretofore 
granted  by  the  United  States  for  the  use  and  support  of  the  public  schools. 

3.  Of  lands  and  other  property  which  may  hereafter  be  bequeathed, 
granted  or  donated  to  the  State,  or  generally  for  school  purposes. 

4.  All  funds  or  property,  other  than  unimproved  lands,  bequeathed 
or  granted  to  the  State,  not  designated  for  other  purposes. 


CONSTITUTION   OF   1879,  *  209 

5.  The  proceeds  of  vacant  estates  falling  under  the  law  to  the  State 
of  Louisiana. 

The  Legislature  may  appropriate  to  the  same  fund  the  proceeds,  in 
whole  or  in  part,  of  public  lands  not  designated  for  any  other  purpose, 
and  shall  provide  that  every  parish  may  levy  a  tax  for  the  public  schools 
therein,  which  shall  not  exceed  the  State  tax;  provided,  that  with  such 
a  tax  the  whole  amount  of  parish  taxes  shall  not  exceed  the  limits  of 
parish  taxation  fixed  by  this  Constitution. 

CONCERNING  A  STATE  UNIVERSITY. 

Art.  230.  The  L^niversity  of  Louisiana,  as  at  present  established 
and  located  at  New  Orleans,  is  hereby  recognized  in  its  three  depart- 
ments, to-wit:  the  law,  the  medical  and  the  academical  departments,  to 
be  governed  and  controlled  by  appropriate  faculties. 

The  General  Assembly  shall,  from  time  to  time,  make  such  provision 
for  the  proper  government,  maintenance  and  support  of  said  State  Uni- 
versity of  Louisiana,  and  all  the  departments  thereof,  as  the  public  nec- 
essities and  well-being  of  the  people  of  the  State  of  Louisiana  may 
require,  not  to  exceed  ten  thousand  dollars  annually. 

The  Louisiana  State  University  and  Agricultural  and  Mechanical 
College,  now  established  and  located  in  the  City  of  Baton  Rouge,  is 
hereby  recognized,  and  all  revenues  derived  and  to  be  derived  from  the 
sale  of  land  or  land  scrip,  donated  by  the  United  States  to  the  State  of 
Louisiana,  for  the  use  of  a  seminary  of  learning  and  mechanical  and 
agricultural  college,  shall  be  appropriated  exclusively  to  the  maintenance 
and  support  of  said  University  and  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College. 
and  the  General  Assembly  shall,  from  time  to  time,  make  such  additional 
appropriations  for  the  maintenance  and  support  of  said  Louisiana  State 
University  and  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College  as  the  public  nec- 
essities and  the  well-being  of  the  State  of  Louisiana  may  require,  not  to 
exceed  ten  thousand  dollars  annually. 

Art.  231.  The  General  Assembly  shall  also  establish  in  the  City  of 
New  Orleans  a  university  for  the  education  of  persons  of  color,  provide 
for  its  proper  government,  and  shall  make  an  annual  appropriation  of 
not  less  than  five  thousand  dollars  nor  more  than  ten  thousand  dollars 
for  its  maintenance  and  support. 

Art.  232.  Women  over  twenty-one  years  of  aire  shall  be  eligible  to 
any  office  of  control  or  management  under  the  school  laws  of  this  State. 

THE  FREE  SCHOOL,  SEMINARY  AND  AGRICULTURAL  AND 
MECHANICAL  COLLEGE  FUND. 

Art.  233.  The  debt  due  by  the  State  to  the  Free  School  Fund  is 
hereby  declared  to  be  the  sum  of  one  million  one  hundred  and  thirty 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixty-seven  dollars  and  fifty-one  cents  in 
principal,  and  shall  be  placed  on  the  books  of  the  Auditor  and  Treasurer 
to  the  credit  of  the  several  townships  entitled  to   the   same;   the   said 


210  CONSTITUTION   OF  1879. 

principal  being  the  proceeds  of  the  sales  of  lands  heretofore  granted  by 
the  United  States  for  the  use  and  support  of  the  free  public  schools, 
which  amount  shall  be  held  by  the  State  as  a  loan,  and  shall  be  and' 
remain  a  perpetual  fund  on  which  the  State  shall  pay  an  annual  interest 
of  four  per  cent,  from  the  first  day  of  January,  1880;  and  that  said 
interest  shall  be  paid  to  the  several  townships  in  the  State  entitled  to  the 
same,  in  accordance  with  the  Act  of  Congress  No.  68,  approved  February 
15,  1843;  and  the  bonds  of  the  State  heretofore  issued  belonging  to  said 
fund  and  sold  under  Act  of  the  General  Assembly  No.  81  of  1872  are 
hereby  declared  null  and  void,  and  the  General  Assembly  shall  make  no 
provision  for  their  payment,  and  may  cause  them  to  be  destroyed. 

The  debt  due  by  the  State  to  the  Seminary  Fund  is  hereby  declared 
to  be  one  hundred  and  thirty-six  thousand  dollars,  being  the  proceeds 
of  the  sale  of  lands  heretofore  granted  by  the  United  States  to  the  State 
for  the  use  of  a  seminary  of  learning,  and  said  amount  shall  be  placed 
to  the  credit  of  said  fund  on  the  books  of  the  Auditor  and  Treasurer 
of  the  State  as  a  perpetual  loan,  and  the  State  shall  pay  an  annual  inter- 
est of  four  per  cent,  on  said  amount  from  January  1,  1880,  for  the  use 
of  said  seminary  of  learning;  and  the  consolidated  bonds  of  the  State 
now  held  for  use  of  said  fund  shall  be  null  and  void  after  the  first  day 
of  January,  1880,  and  the  General  Assembly  shall  never  make  any  pro- 
vision for  their  payment,  and  they  shall  be  destroyed  in  such  manner 
as  the  General  Assembly  shall  direct. 

The  debt  due  by  the  State  to  the  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  Col- 
lege Fund  is  hereby  declared  to  be  the  sum  of  one  hundred  and  eighty-two 
thousand  three  hundred  and  thirteen  dollars  and  three  cents,  being  the 
proceeds  of  the  sales  of  lands  and  land  scrip  heretofore  granted  by  the 
United  States  to  this  State  for  the  use  of  a  college  for  the  benefit  of 
agriculture,  and  the  mechanic  arts;  said  amount  shall  be  placed  to  the 
credit  of  said  fund  on  the  books  of  the  Auditor  and  Treasurer  of  the 
State  as  a  perpetual  loan,  and  the  State  shall  pay  an  annual  interest 
of  five  per  cent,  on  said  amount  from  January  1,  1880,  for  the  vise  of  said 
Agricidtural  and  Mechanical  College ;  the  consolidated  bonds  of  the 
State  now  held  by  the  State  for  the  use  of  said  fund  shall  be  null  and 
void  after  the  first  day  of  January,  1880,  and  the  General  Assembly 
shall  never  make  any  provision  for  their  payment,  and  they  shall  be 
destroyed  in  such  manner  as  the  General  Assembly  may  direct. 

The  interest  provided  for  by  this  article  shall  be  paid  out  of  any 
tax  that  may  be  levied  and  collected  for  the  general  purposes  of  public 
education. 

CORPO'RATTONS  AND  COEPORATE  RIGHTS. 

Art.  234.  The  General  Assembly  shall  not  remit  the  forfeiture  of 
the  charter  of  any  corporation  now  existing,  nor  renew,  alter  or  amend 
the  same,  nor  pass  any  general  or  special  law  for  the  benefit  of  such 
corporation,  except  upon  the  condition  that  such  corporation  shall  there- 
after hold  its  charter  subject  to  the  provision^  of  this  Constitution, 


CONSTITUTION   OF   1879.  211 

Art.  235.  The  exercise  of  the  police  power  of  the  State  shall  never 
be  abridged  nor  so  construed  as  to  permit  corporations  to  conduct  their 
business  in  such  manner  as  to  infringe  the  equal  rights  of  individuals 
or  the  general  well-being  of  the  State. 

Art.  236.  No  foreign  corporation  shall  do  any  business  in  this  State 
without  having  one  or  more  known  places  of  business  and  an  authorized 
agent  or  agents  in  the  State  upon  whom  process  may  be  served. 

Art.  237.  No  corporation  shall  engage  in  any  business  other  than 
that  expressly  authorized  in  its  charter  or  incidental  thereto,  nor  shall  it 
take  or  hold  any  real  estate  for  a  longer  period  than  ten  years,  except 
such  as  may  be  necessary  and  proper  for  its  legitimate  business  or  pur- 
poses. 

Art.  238.  No  corporation  shall  issue  stock  nor  bonds,  except  for 
labor  done  or  money  or  property  actually  received,  and  all  fictitious  issues 
of  stock  shall  be  void,  and  any  corporation  issuing  such  fictitious  stock 
shall  forfeit  its  charter. 

Art.  239.  The  stock  shall  not  be  increased,  except  in  pursuance  of 
general  laws,  nor  without  consent  of  persons  holding  the  larger  amount 
in  value  of  the  stock,  first  obtained  at  a  meeting  of  stockholders  to  be 
held  after  thirty  days'  notice  given  in  pursuance  of  law. 

Art.  240.  The  term  corporation,  as  used  in  this  Constitution,  shall 
be  construed  to  include  all  joint  stock  companies  or  associations  having 
any  power  or  privileges  not  possessed  by  individuals  or  partnerships. 

Art.  241.  It  shall  be  crime,  the  nature  and  punishment  of  which 
shall  be  prescribed  by  law,  for  any  president,  director,  manager,  cashier 
or  other  ofiicer  or  owner  of  any  private  or  public  bank  or  banking  insti- 
tution to  assent  to  the  reception  of  deposits  or  the  creation  of  debts  by 
such  banking  institution,  after  he  shall  have  had  knowledge  of  the  fact 
that  it  is  insolvent  or  in  failing  circumstances;  such  officer,  agent  or 
manager  shall  be  individually  responsible  for  such  deposits  so  received 
and  all  such  debts  so  created  with  his  assent. 

Art.  242.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  power  to  enact  general 
laws  authorizing  the  parochial  or  municipal  authorities  of  the  State, 
under  certain  circumstances,  by  a  vote  of  the  majority  of  the  property 
taxpayers  iji  numbers  and  in  value,  to  levy  special  taxes  in  aid  of  public 
improvements  or  railway  enterprises ;  provided,  that  such  tax  shall  not 
exceed  the  rate  of  five  mills  per  annum  nor  extend  for  a  longer  period 
than  ten  years. 

Art.  243.  Any  railroad  corporation  or  association  organized  for  the 
pui-pose  shall  have  the  right  to  construct  and  operate  a  railroad  between 
any  points  within  this  State,  and  connect  at  the  State  line  with  railroads 
of  other  States.  Every  railroad  company  shall  have  the  right  with  its 
road  to  intersect,  connect  with  or  cross  any  other  railroad,  and  shall 
'receive  and  transport  each  other's  passengers,  tonnage  and  cars,  loaded 
or  empty,  without  delay  or  discrimination. 

Art.   244.     Railwavs  heretofore  constructed,  or  that  may  hereafter 


212  CONSTITUTION  OF   1879. 

be  constructed  in  this  State,  are  hereby  declared  public  highways,  and 
railroad  companies  conmion  carriers. 

AuT.  245.  Every  railroad  or  other  corporations,  organized  or  doing 
LusmebS  in  this  State,  under  the  laws  or  authority  thereoi,  shall  liave 
and  maintain  a  public  oihce  or  place  in  this  State  lor  the  transaction  oi 
its  business,  where  traiisiers  ot  stock  shall  be  made,  and  wliere  shail  be 
kept  for  public  inspection  books  in  which  shall  be  recorded  the  amount  ot 
capital  stock  subscribed,  the  names  of  owners  of  stock,  the  amount-i 
owned  by  them  respectively,  the  amount  of  stock  paid,  and  by  whom,  the 
transfers  of  said  stock,  with  the  date  of  transler,  the  amount  of  its 
assets  and  liabilities  and  the  names  and  places  of  residence  of  its  officers. 

Art.  24(5.  If  any  railroad  company,  organized  under  the  laws  of  this 
State,  shall  consolidate,  by  sale  or  otherwise,  with  any  railroad  company 
organized  under  the  laws  of  any  other  State  or  of  the  United  States,  the 
a  .:v.-  siiall  not  thereby  become  a  foreign  corporation,  but  the  courts  of 
tliis  State  shall  retain  jurisdiction  m  all  matters  which  may  arise,  as  if 
said  consolidation  had  not  taken  place.  In  no  case  shall  any  one  consoli- 
dation take  place  except  upon  public  notice  of  at  least  sixty  days  to  all 
stockholders,  in  such  manner  as  may  be  provided  by  law. 

Art.  247.  General  laws  shall  be  enacted  providing  for  the  creation 
of  private  corporations,  and  shall  therein  provide  fully  for  the  adequate 
protection  of  the  public  and  of  the  individual  stockholder. 

Art.  248.  The  police  juries  of  the  several  parishes  and  the  consti- 
tuted authorities  of  all  incorporated  municipalities  of  the  State  shall 
alone  have  the  power  of  regulating  the  slaughtering  of  cattle  and  other 
like  stock  within  their  respective  limits;  provided,  no  monopoly  or  exclu- 
sive privilege  shall  exist  in  this  State,  nor  such  business  be  restricted  to 
the  land  nor  houses  of  any  individual  or  corporation;  provided,  the  ordi- 
nances designating  the  places  for  slaughtering  shall  obtain  the  concur- 
rent approval  of  the  board  of  health  or  other  sanitary  organizations. 

PAROCHIAL  AFFAIRS  AND  BOUNDARIES. 

Art.  249.  The  General  Assembly  may  establish  and  organize  new 
parishes,  which  shall  be  bodies  corporate,  with  such  powers  as  may  be 
prescribed  by  law;  but  no  new  parish  shall  contain  less  than  six  hundred 
and  twenty -five  square  miles,  nor  less  than  seven  thousand  inhabitants; 
nor  shall  any  parish  be  reduced  below  that  area  or  number  of  inhabitants. 

Art.  250.  All  laws  changing  parish  lines  or  removing  parish  seats 
shall,  before  taking  effect,  be  submitted  to  the  electors  of  the  parish  or 
the  parishes  to  be  effected  thereby,  at  a  special  election  held  for  that 
purpose,  and  be  adopted  by  majority  of  votes  of  each  parish  cast  at  such 
election. 

Art.  251.  Any  parish  may  be  dissolved  and  merged  by  the  General 
Assembly  into  a  contiguous  parish  or  parishes,  two-thirds  of  the  qualified 
electors  of  the  parish  proposed  to  be  dissolved  voting  in  favor  thereof 
at  an  election  held  for  that  purpose;  provided,  that  each  of  the  parishes 


CONSTITUTION  OF   1879.  213 

into  which  the  dissolved  parish  proposes  to  become  incorporated  consents 
thereto  by  a  majority  of  its  qualified  electors  voting  therefor. 

Art.  252.  Whenever  a  parish  shall  be  enlarged  or  created  from  ter- 
ritory contiguous  thereto,  it  shall  be  entitled  to  a  just  proportion  of  the 
property  assets,  and  liable  for  a  just  proportion  of  the  existing  debts  or 
liabilities  of  the  parish  or  parishes  from  which  such  territory  shall  be 
taken. 

THE  CITY  OF  NEW  ORLEANS. 

Art.  253.  The  citizens  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  or  any  political 
corporation  which  may  be  created  within  its  limits,  shall  have  the  right 
of  appointing  the  several  public  officers  necessary  for  the  administration 
of  the  police  of  said  city,  pursuant  to  the  mode  of  election  which  shall  be 
provided  by  the  General  Assembly. 

Art.  254.  The  General  Assembly,  at  its  next  session  after  the  adop- 
tion of  the  Constitution,  shall  enact  such  legislation  as  may  be  proper 
to  liquidate  the  indebtedness  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  and  apply  ita 
assets  to  the  satisfaction  thereof.  It  shall  have  authority  to  cancel  the 
charter  of  said  city  and  remit  its  inhabitants  to  another  form  of  govern- 
ment if  necessary.  In  any  such  new  form  of  government  no  salary  shall 
exceed  three  thousand  five  hundred  dollars. 

Art.  255.  The  General  Assembly  shall  pass  necessary  laws  to  pre- 
vent sailors  or  others  of  the  crew  of  foreign  vessels  from  working  on  thf> 
wharves  and  levees  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans;  provided,  there  is  no 
treaty  between  the  United  States  and  foreign  powers  to  the  contrary. 

AMENDMENT  AND  REVISION  OF  THE  CONSTITUTION. 

Art.  256.  Propositions  for  the  amendment  of  this  Constitution 
may  be  made  by  the  General  Assembly  at  any  session  thereof,  and  if 
two-thirds  of  all  the  members  elected  to  each  house  shall  concur  therein, 
after  such  proposed  amendments  have  been  read  in  such  respective  houses 
on  three  separate  days,  such  proposed  amendment  or  amendments,  to- 
gether with  the  yeas  and  nays  thereon,  shall  be  entered  on  the  journal, 
and  the  Secretary  of  State  shall  cause  the  same  to  be  published  in  two 
newspapers  published  in  the  Parish  of  Orleans  and  in  one  paper  in  each 
other  parish  of  the  State  in  which  a  newspaper  is  published,  for  three 
months  preceding  the  next  election  for  Representatives,  at  which  time 
the  said  amendment  or  amendments  shall  be  submitted  to  the  electors 
for  their  approval  or  rejection ;  and,  if  a  majority  voting  on  said  amend- 
ment or  amendments  shall  approve  and  ratify  the  same,  then  such  amend- 
ment or  amendments  so  approved  and  ratified  shall  become  a  part  of  the 
Constitution. 

When  more  than  one  amendment  shall  be  submitted  at  the  same 
time,  they  shall  be  so  submitted  as  to  enable  the  electors  to  vote  on  each 
amendment  separately.  The  result  of  said  election  shall  be  made  know/i 
by  the  proclamation  of  the  Governor. 

Art.  257.     The  Constitution  of  this  State,  adopted  in  1868,  and  all 


214  CONSTITUTION  OP  1879. 


SCHEDULE. 


amendments  thereto,  is  declared  to  be  superseded  by  this  Constitution; 
and,  in  order  to  carry  tlie  same  into  eiiect,  it  is  hereby  declared  and 
ordained  as  follows: 

Art.  258.  All  rights,  actions,  prosecutions,  claims  and  contracts, 
as  well  as  of  individuals  as  of  bodies  corporate,  and  all  laws  in  force  at 
the  time  of  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution,  and  not  inconsistent  there- 
with, shall  continue  as  if  the  said  Constitution  had  not  been  adopted. 
But  the  monopoly  features  in  the  charter  of  any  corporation  now  exist- 
ing in  the  State,  save  such  as  may  be  contained  in  the  charters  of  rail- 
road companies,  are  hereby  abolished. 

Art.  259.  In  order  that  no  inconvenience  may  result  to  the  public 
service  from  the  taking  efl'ect  of  this  Constitution,  no  office  shall  be 
superseded  thereby,  but  ihe  laws  of  the  State  relative  to  the  duties  of 
the  several  officers — executive,  judicial  and  military — shall  remain  in 
full  force  though  the  same  be  contrary  to  this  Constitution,  and  the  sev- 
eral duties  shall  be  performed  by  the  respective  officers  of  the  State 
according  to  tlie  existing  laws  until  the  organization  of  the  government 
under  this  Constitution  and  the  entering  into  office  of  the  new  officers 
to  be  appointed  or  elected  under  said  government,  and  no  longer. 

Art.  260.  Appointments  to  office  by  the  Executive  under  this  Con- 
stitution shall  be  made  by  the  Governor  to  be  elected  under  its  authority. 

Art.  261.  All  causes  in  which  appeals  have  been  or  may  be  here- 
after taken,  or  now  pending  in  the  Supreme  Court  under  the  Constitution 
of  1868,  and  of  which  jurisdiction  has  been  vested  by  this  Constitution 
in  the  courts  of  appeal,  shall,  after  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution, 
be  transferred  for  trial  to  the  Court  of  Appeal  of  the  circuit  from  which 
the  appeal  has  been  or  may  be  taken. 

All  other  causes  that  may  be  pending  in  the  Supreme  Court,  under 
the  Constitution  of  1868,  shall  be  transferred  to  the  Supreme  Courr 
created  by  this  Constitution,  as  soon  as  it  shall  be  organized. 

All  causes  that  may  be  pending  in  all  other  courts,  under  the  Con- 
stitution of  1868,  upon  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution  and  the  organiz- 
ation of  the  courts  created  by  this  Constitution,  shall  be  transferred  to 
the  courts  respectively  having  jurisdiction  thereof  under  this  Consti- 
tution. 

Art.  262.  Immediately  after  the  adjournment  of  this  Convention 
the  Governor  shall  issue  his  proclammation,  directing  the  several  officers 
of  the  State  authorized  by  law^  to  hold  elections  for  members  of  the 
General  Assembly  to  open  and  hold  a  poll  in  every  parish  in  the  State 
at  the  places  designated  by  law  upon  the  first  Tuesday  in  the  month  of 
December  next,  1879,  for  the  purpose  of  taking  the  sense  of  the  good 
people  of  this  State  in  rega^'d  to  the  adoption  or  rejection  of  this  Con- 
stitution; and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  said  officers  to  receive  the  votes  of 
all  jjorsons  entitled  to  vote  under  the  Constitution  of  1868. 

Each  voter  shall  express  his  opinion  by  depositing  in  the  ballot  box 
a  ticket  whereon  shall  be  written  or  printed,  "For  the  Constitution,"  or 


CONSTITUTION  OP    1879.  215 

"Against  the  Constitution,"  or  some  such  words  as  will  distinctly  convey 
the  intention  of  the  voter. 

It  sEall  also  be  the  duty  of  the  Governor,  in  his  said  proclamation, 
to  direct  the  said  officers  authorized  by  law  to  hold  elections  to  open  and 
hold  a  poll  at  the  above  stated  time  and  places  for  the  election  of  Gov- 
ernor, Lieutenant  Governor,  members  of  the  General  Assembly,  Secretary 
of  State,  Attorney  General,  State  Auditor,  and  Superintendent  of  Public 
Education,  and  of  all  other  oflScers  whose  election  by  the  people  is  pio- 
vided  for  in  this  Constitution;  and  the  names  of  the  persons  voted  for 
shall  be  written  or  printed  on  the  same  ticket  and  deposited  in  the  same 
box  as  the  votes  "for"  or  "against"  the  Constitution. 

And  the  said  election  for  the  adoption  or  rejection  of  the  Consti- 
tution and  for  the  said  officers  shall  be  conducted  and  the  returns  thereof 
made  in  conformity  with  the  existing  laws  upon  the  subject  of  said 
elections. 

Upon  the  receipt  of  the  said  returns,  or  on  the  last  Monday  in 
December,  1879,  if  the  returns  be  not  sooner  received,  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  Governor,  the  Lieutenant  Governor,  the  Secretary  of  State, 
and  the  Attorney  General,  in  the  presence  of  all  such  persons  as  may 
choose  to  attend,  to  compile  the  votes  given  at  the  said  polls  for  ratifica- 
tion or  rejection  of  this  Constitution;  and,  if  it  shall  appear  from  said 
returns  that  a  majority  of  all  the  votes  given  on  the  question  of  adoption 
and  rejection  of  the  Constitution  is  for  ratifying  this  Constitution, 
then  it  shall  be  the  duty,  of  the  Governor  to  make  immediate  proclamation 
of  the  fact,  and  henceforth  this  Constitution  shall  be  ordained  and  estab- 
lished as  the  Constitution  of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  and  the  General 
y\ssomb'y  elected  in  1878  shall  thereupon  be  dissolved.  Whether  this 
Constitution  be  adopted  or  rejected,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Governor 
to  cause  to  be  published  in  the  official  paper  of  the  Convention  the  result 
of  the  polls,  showing  the  number  of  votes  cast  in  each  parish  for  nnd 
against  the  Constitution. 

If  the  Constitution  be  ratified,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Secretary 
of  State  to  examine  and  compile  the  returns  and  publish  the  result  of  the 
election  of  officers  herein  ordained  and  in  the  manner  provided  by  exist- 
ing laws. 

Art.  263.  The  General  Assembly  first  elected  under  this  Constitu- 
tion shall  convene  in  the  City  of  New  Orleans  upon  the  second  Monday 
in  January  next,  1880,  after  the  election,  and  the  Governor  and  Lieuten- 
ant Governor  elected  shall  be  duly  installed  in  office  during  the  first 
week  of  the  session  and  before  it  shall  be  competent  for  the  said  General 
Assembly  to  proceed  with  the  transaction  of  business  beyond  their  own 
organization. 

Am.  264.  The  State  Auditor,  Attorney  General,  Secretary  of  State 
and  Superintendent  of  Public  Education,  elected  at  the  first  election 
herein  provided  for,  shall  enter  upon  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  their 
respective  offices  on  the  second  Monday  of  January,  1880,  after  comply- 
ing with  the  requisites  of  existing  laws;. and  all  other  officers  whose  elec- 


216  CONSTITUTION  OF   1879. 

tion  or  appointment  is  provided  for  by  this  Constitution  shall  enter 
upon  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  their  respective  offices  on  the  first 
Monday  of  April,  1880,  after  complying  with  the  requirements  of  exist- 
ing laws;  until  which  period  all  officers  under  the  Constitution  of  1868 
shall  receive  the  pay  and  emoluments  provided  for  under  said  Constitu- 
tion; provided,  that  the  pay  of  the  officers  elected  or  appointed  under  this 
Constitution  shall  not  commence  until  after  their  induction  into  office. 
The  State  Treasurer  elected  in  November,  1878,  shall  continue  in  office 
as  if  elected  at  the  election  to  be  held  on  the  first  Tuesday  in  December, 
1879,  but  the  salary  of  said  officer  shall  be  established  by  this  Constitution 
from  and  after  the  second  Monday  in  January,  1880. 

Art.  256.  The  time  of  service  of  all  officers  chosen  by  the  people 
at  the  first  election  under  this  Constitution  shall  terminate  as  thougli 
the  election  had  been  holden  on  the  first  Tuesday  after  the  first  Monday 
in  April,  1880. 

Art.  266.  The  judges  of  the  courts  of  appeal,  district  judges,  city 
judges,  district  attorney,  coroners,  clerks  of  courts,  sheriffs,  recorder  of 
mortgages  and  register  of  conveyances,  all  of  whose  election  and  appoint- 
ment are  provided  for  by  this  Constitution,  in  the  Parish  of  Orleans, 
shall  only  enter  on  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  their  respective  offices 
on  the  first  Monday  of  August,  1880,  and  the  present  incumbents  shall 
continue  until  then  in  the  performance  of  the  duties  of  their  respective 
offices  and  the  enjoyment  of  the  emoluments  thereof  as  now  prescribed 
by  law. 

Art.  267.  The  General  Assembly  is  required  to  make  provision  for 
paying  J.  B.  Cosgrove,  printer  of  the  Convention,  for  the  balance  due 
him  for  work  done  previous  to  adjournment,  and  for  all  work  that  may 
be  done  by  him  after  adjournment  of  the  Convention  by  its  direction, 
and  shall  make  a  special  appropriation  to  liquidate  the  debt  which  this 
Convention  has  contracted,  authorizing  the  Fiscal  Agent  of  the  State  to 
negotiate  a  loan  of  twenty-five  thousand  dollars;  and  also  for  the  pay- 
ment of  such  vouchers  as  may  be  issued  by  the  chairman  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Contingent  Expenses,  under  the  authority  of  this  Convention, 
in  excess  of  the  foregoing  appropriation,  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  this 
Convention  to  complete  its  work;  provided,  said  vouchers  are  approved 
by  the  President  of  the  Convention. 

Art.  268.  There  shall  not  be  any  municipal  election  in  the  cities 
of  New  Orleans  and  Shreveport  in  December,  1879 ;  the  General  Assembly 
shall  provide  for  a  municipal  election  in  the  City  of  New  Orleans  or 
such  municipal  corporations  as  may  be  created  within  the  territorial 
limits  of  the  Parish  of  Orleans  during  the  year  1880.  The  General 
Assombly  shall  fix  the  time  for  a  municipal  election  in  the  City  of 
Shreveport  before  April,  1884. 

LOmS  A.  WILTZ, 
President  and  Delegate  from  the  Ninth  Representative  District  of  the 

Parish  of  Orleans. 

Wl\f.  H.  HARRIS,  Secretary. 


CONSTITUTION   OF  1879.  217 


MISCELLANEOUS  ORDINANCES. 

BELIEF  OF  DELINQUENT  TAXPAYERS. 

Article  1.  Be  it  enacted  hy  the  people  of  the  State  of  Louisicma, 
in  Convention  assembled — ^All  interests,  penalties,  costs,  fees  and  charges 
whatever  on  taxes  and  licenses  due  the  State,  or  any  political  corporation 
therein,  prior  to  the  first  day  of  January,  1879,  and  yet  ujipaid,  are 
remitted,  and  all  property  forfeited  to  the  State  or  any  political  corpora- 
tion on  account  of  non-payment  of  taxes  and  licenses,  or  to  which  the 
State  or  any  political  corporation  now  has  a  title,  shall  be  redeemable. 
and  the  title  to  the  State  or  any  political  corporation  thereto  annulled 
upon  the  payment  by  the  debtor,  or  any  interested  party,  of  the  principal 
of  all  taxes  and  licenses  that  may  be  due  thereon  at  the  date  of  redemp- 
tion, and  this  right  of  redemption  shall  continue  until  the  first  day  of 
January,  1881.  In  the  event  the  principal  of  said  taxes  and  licenses  is 
not  paid  by  said  time,  the  interest,  penalties,  costs,  fees  and  charges 
hereinbefore  remitted  shall  revive  and  attach  to  the  property  upon  which 
the  taxes  and  licenses  are  due,  and  such  property  shall  be  then  sold  in 
the  manner  to  be  provided  by  law,  and  the  title  of  the  purchaser  shall 
be  full  and  complete;  provided,  that  nothing  herein  contained  shall  be 
construed  as  affecting  the  rights  of  third  persons  who  may  have  pur- 
chased property,  legally  assessed  and  sold  at  tax  sales,  or  from  the  State, 
or  any  political  corporation,  after  the  same  was  legally  forfeited  to  or 
purchased  by  the  State  or  such  corporation;  and  provided,  further,  that 
nothing  in  the  ordinance  shall  be  taken  as  granting  any  time  for  the 
payment  of  the  principal  of  said  taxes  and  licenses;  and  provided,  fur- 
ther, that  interest  shall  accrue  and  be  collected  on  the  principal  of  said 
delinquent  taxes  and  licenses  at  the  rate  of  eight  per  cent,  per  annum 
from  January  1,  1880;  and  on  all  said  taxes  and  licenses  paid  a  discount 
of  ten  per  cent,  per  annum  shall  be  allowed  from  the  date  of  payment  to 
January  1,  1881. 

That  all  taxes  and  licenses  due  the  State  prior  to  January  1,  1879, 
may  be  paid  as  follows : 

1.  That  portion  of  said  taxes  and  licenses  due  the  General  Fund 
and  other  funds,  except  as  hereinafter  provided,  in  any  valid  Auditor's 
warrants  outstanding  at  the  date  of  adoption  of  this  Constitution,  except 
all  warrants  issued  prior  to  the  first  of  January,  1874,  and  also  all  war- 
rants issued  from  the  first  of  January,  1874,  to  first  of  January,  1875, 
for  other  purposes  than  for  salaries  of  constitutional  officers,  or  for  the 
support  of  charitable  institutions  for  the  year  1874. 

That,  at  the  option  of  the  holders  of  any  of  said  warrants,  the  said 
warrants  may  be  funded  in  bonds  of  the  denomination  of  five  dollars, 
with  interest  coupons  attached  thereto,  at  the  rate  of  three  per  cent,  per 
annum  interest  from  the  first  day  of  July,  1880;  the  said  bonds  to  be 


218  CONSTITUTION  OF   1879. 

due  and  payable  six  years  from  the  first  day  of  January,  1880,  the  said 
coupons  being  payable  at  the  State  Treasury  on  the  first  day  of  February 
and  August  of  each  year. 

All  moneys  received  in  the  treasury  for  all  taxes  and  licenses  due 
the  State  prior  to  the  first  day  of  January,  1879,  except  such  as  are  other- 
wise provided  for  by  this  ordinance,  shall  be  set  aside  to  pay  the  interest 
on  said  five-dollar  bonds  and  to  provide  a  sinking  fund  to  redeem  the 
same.  The  bonds  above  provided  and  interest  coupons  shall  also  be 
receivable  for  amounts  due  to  the  State  for  the  redemption  or  purchase 
of  property  which  has  been  forfeited  or  sold  to  the  State  for  delinquent 
taxes  and  licenses  of  any  of  the  years  named  in  this  article.  The  bonds 
so  issued  shall  be  receivable  for  the  said  taxes  and  licenses  and  the  obliga- 
tions of  the  public  charitable  institutions  of  the  State  given  for  the  pur- 
chase of  necessaiy  supplies  of  food,  clothing,  medicine  and  hire  of  em- 
ployees. 

2.  That  portion  of  said  taxes  and  licenses  due  the  Interest  Fund, 
subsequent  to  January,  1874,  in  any  matured  coupons  issued  by  the 
State  since  that  date. 

3.  That  portion  of  said  tax  due  the  Levee  Fund  since  the  year 
eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-one  to  the  year  eighten  hundred  and  sev- 
enty-six, inclusive  of  both  years,  in  any  valid  warrants  issued  by  the 
levee  company  and  endorsed  by  the  Auditor  and  Treasurer  of  the  State, 
as  follows :  "Receivable  for  levee  tax  due  for  eighteen  hundred  and  sev- 
enty-one to  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-six,  inclusive" ;  and  the 
Auditor  and  Treasurer  arc  hereby  authorized  to  so  endorse  warran*:s 
issued  by  the  levee  company,  as  provided  above,  to  an  amount  sufficient 
to  cover  the  balance  due  on  the  judgment  recovered  by  said  company  in 
the  case  entitled  Louisiana  Levee  Company  vs.  the  State  of  Louisiana, 
No.  7163,  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  Louisiana. 

Be  it  further  enacted,  etc..  that  no  Auditor's  warrant  shall  be  taken 
as  valid  for  the  purpose  of  payment  of  taxes  and  licenses  or  for  funding 
as  hereinbefore  prescribed  until  the  same  shall  have  been  examined  by 
the  Auditor,  Treasurer  and  Attorney  General  of  the  State  and  endorsed 
by  them  as  valid ;  said  warrants,  when  so  endorsed,  may  be  surrendered 
to  said  officers  and  by  them  registered  and  canceled,  and  in  lieu  thereof 
'•;i'''  Arditor  and  Treasurer  shall  issue  certificates  in  sums  of  five,  ten, 
twenty  or  fifty  dollars,  as  may  be  desired  by  the  holder  of  said  warrants, 
which  shall  be  receivable  for  all  taxes  and  licenses  due  the  State  prior 
to  January  1,  1S70,  except  the  taxes  due  the  Interest  Fund  and  Levee 
Fund. 

Be  if  further  ordained  that  all  taxes  and  licenses  due  any  parish 
or  mmicipal  corporntinn  p"inr  tn  Janiiary  1,  1879,  n^ay  be  payable  in  any 
valid  warrants,  scrip  or  floating  indebtendness  of  said  parish  or  municipal 
corporation,    except    judgments. 


CONSTITUTION  OF   1879.  219 

INDEBTEDNESS  OF  THE  STATE  TO  ITS  FISCAL  AGENT. 

Be  it  ordained  by  the  people  of  the  State  of  Louisiana  in  Convention 
Assembled — That  the  debt  clue  from  the  State  to  its  Fiscal  Agent,  being 
in  amount  one  hundred  and  eighty-seven  thousand  seventy-seven  dollars 
and  twenty-four  cents  ($187,077.24),  subject  to  such  reduction  as  may 
result  from  credits  arising  out  of  taxes  due  to  the  Interest  Fund  since 
June  30,  1879,  which  said  debt  was  created  under  the  contract  made  be- 
tween the  Board  of  Liquidators  and  the  Fiscal  Agent,  under  date  of 
twenty-fifth  May,  1877,  and  under  Act  No.  28,  session  of  the  Legislature 
of  1878,  is  hereby  declared  to  be  a  valid  obligation  of  the  State;  and  the 
Legislature  shall,  at  its  first  session  after  the  adoption  of  this  Constitu- 
tion, provide  for  the  payment  of  the  same,  and  the  Fiscal  Agent  shall, 
as  a  condition  precedent  to  said  payment,  surrender  and  deliver  to  the 
Auditor  of  the  State  for  cancellation  the  interest  coupons  which  wer(^ 
taken  up  and  held  by  said  Fiscal  Agent  at  the  time  of  making  tjip 
advances  wdiich  created  the  said  indebtedness;  but  the  interest  to  be 
allowed  said  Fiscal  Agent  shall  be  at  the  rate  of  four  per  cent,  per  annum 
until  the  debt  is  paid. 

LOAN  BY  FISCAL  AGENT. 

Article  1.  Be  it  ordained  by  the  People  of  the  State  of  Louisiana 
m  Convention  assembled— That  the  Fiscal  Agent  of  this  State  shall  be 
and  is  hereby  empowered  by  authority  of  this  Convention  to  negotiate 
a  loan  of  twenty-five  thousand  dollars  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be 
necessary,  at  seven  per  cent,  per  annum,  to  defray  the  residue  of  the 
expenses  of  this  Convention  not  provided  for  by  the  act  of  the  General 
Assembly  calling  this  Convention,  and  to  enable  the  Convention  to  com- 
plete the  work  of  framing  the  new  Constitution. 

Art.  2.  That  said  loan  shall  be  evidenced  by  certificates  of  indebt- 
edness, signed  by  the  President  of  this  Convention  and  countersigned  by 
the  Secretary  thereof,  under  seal  of  this  Convention,  in  sums  of  five 
hundred  dollars  or  under,  bearing  seven  per  cent,  per  annum  interest 
from  the  date  of  such  certificates  until  paid,  and  payable  on  the  fifteenth 
day  of  March,  A.  D.  1880.  at  the  State  National  Bank  of  New  Orleans, 
in  the  City  of  New  Orleans. 

^RT.  3.  The  first  General  Assembly  convened  under  this  Constitu- 
tion shall  make  a  special  appropriation  to  liquidate  the  debt  which  this 
Convention  has  contracted  or  may  contract,  as  per  ordinance  adopted 
authorizing  the  Fiscal  Asrent  of  the  State  to  negotiate  a  loan  of  twenty- 
five  thousand  dollars  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  this  Convention  to  com- 
plete the  work   of  framing   this   Constitution. 

LOITIS  A.  WILTZ, 

President  and   Delegate  from  the  Ninth  Representative  District   of   the 
Parish  of  Orleans. 

W^^  II.  HARRIS,  Secretary. 


220  CONSTITUTION   OF   1879. 

STATE  DEBT. 

Article  1.  Be  it  ordained  hy  the  People  of  the  State  of  Louisiana 
in  Convention  assembled — That  the  interest  to  be  paid  on  the  consoli 
dat  d  bonds  of  the  State  of  Louisiana  be  and  is  hereby  fixed  at  two  per 
cent,  per  annum  for  five  years  from  the  first  of  January,  1880;  three 
per  cent,  per  annum  for  fifteen  years,  and  four  per  cent,  per  annum 
thereafter,  payable  semi-annually;  and  there  shall  be  levied  an  annual 
tax  suflicient  for  the  full  payment  of  said  interest,  not  exceeding  three 
mills,  the  limit  of  all  State  tax  being  hereby  fixed  at  six  mills ;  provided, 
the  holders  of  consolidated  bonds  may,  at  their  option,  demand  in 
exchange  for  the  bonds  held  by  them  bonds  of  the  denomination  of  five 
dollars,  one  hundred  dollars,  five  hundred  dollars,  one  thousand  dollars, 
to  be  issued  at  the  rate  of  seventy-five  cents  on  the  dollar  of  bonds  held 
and  to  be  surrendered  by  such  holders ;  the  said  new  issue  to  bear  interest 
at  the  rate  of  four  per  cent,  per  annum,  payable  semi-annually. 

Art.  2.  The  holders  of  the  consolidated  bonds  may  at  any  time  pre- 
sent their  bonds  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  State,  or  an  agent  to  be  ap- 
pointed by  the  Governor — one  in  the  City  of  New  York  and  the  other 
in  the  City  of  London — and  the  said  Treasurer  or  agent,  as  the  case  may 
be,  shall  endorse  or  stamp  thereon  the  words  "interest  reduced  to  two  per 
cent,  per  annum  for  five  years,  from  January  1,  1880;  three  per  cent, 
per  annum  for  fifteen  years,  and  four  per  cent,  per  annum  thereafter"; 
provided,  the  holder  or  holders  of  said  bonds  may  apply  to  the  Treasurer 
for  an  exchange  of  bonds,  as  provided  in  the  preceding  article. 

Art.  3.  Be  it  further  ordained — That  the  coupons  of  said  consoli- 
dated bonds  falling  due  the  first  of  January,  1880,  be  and  the  same  are 
hereby  remitted,  and  any  interest  taxes  collected  to  meet  said  coupons 
are  hereby  transferred  to  defray  the  expenses  of  the  State  government. 

Be  it  further  ordained,  and  it  is  herehy  ordained  hy  this  Constitu- 
tional Convention,  that  the  foregoing  provisions  and  articles  relative  to 
the  consolidated  debt  shall  not  form  a  part  of  this  Constitution,  except 
a::  l.ereinafter  provided,  as  follows: 

At  the  election  held  for  the  ratification  or  rejection  of  this  Consti- 
tnt'on  it  shall  be  lawful  for  each  voter  to  have  written  or  printed  on  his 
ballot  the  words,  "For  ordinance  relative  to  State  debt,"  or  the  words 
"Against  ordinance  relative  to  State  debt";  and,  in  the  event  that  a 
majority  of  the  ballots  so  cast  have  endorsed  on  them  the  words,  "For 
ordinance  relative  to  State  debt,"  then  the  said  foregoing  provisions  and 
articles  of  this  ordinance  shall  form  a  part  of  the  Constitution  submitted, 
if  the  same  is  ratified;  and,  if  a  majority  of  the  votes  cast  shall  have 
endorsed  on  them  the  words,  "Against  ordinance  relative  to  State  debt," 
then  said  provisions  and  articles  shall  form  no  part  of  this  Constitution. 

LOUIS  A.  WILTZ, 
Presideni  and  Delegate  from  the  Ninth  Representative  District  of  the 

Parish  of  Orleans. 
WM.  H.  HAKRIS,  Secretary. 


AMENDMKNTS  TO  CONSTITUTION   OF  1879.  221 


AMENDMENTS  TO  CONSTITUTION  OF  1879. 


ACT  NO.  76  OF  1882. 


STATE  DEBT. 


Article  1.  Be  it  ordained  by  the  People  of  the  State  of  Louisiana 
as  provided  hy  law — That  the  State  Debt  Ordinance  be  amended  so  as  to 
read  as  follows:  That  the  interest  to  be  paid  on  the  Consolidated  Bond? 
of  the  State  of  Louisiana  be  and  is  hereby  fixed  at  two  per  centum  per 
annum  for  five  years,  from  the  first  day  of  January,  one  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  eighty  (1880),  and  four  per  centum  per  annum  thereafter, 
payable  semi-annually;  and  there  shall  be  levied  an  annual  tax  sufficient 
for  the  full  payment  of  said  interest,  not  exceeding  three  mills,  the  limit 
of  State  tax  for  all  purposes  being  hereby  fixed  at  six  mills,  and  said 
bonds  and  coupons  shall  be  duly  stamped:  "Interest  reduced  to  two  per 
centum  per  annum  for  five  years  from  January  first,  one  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  eighty,  and  four  per  centum  per  annum  thereafter." 

Art.  2.     That  the  holders  of  the  Consolidated  Bonds  may,  at  any 

t  me.  in  o-'der  that  the  coupons  mnv  i I'ri.  present  their  bonds  to  the 

Treasurer  of  the  State,  or  to  agents  to  be  appointed  by  the  Governor, 
one  in  the  City  of  New  York  and  the  other  in  the  City  of  London,  Eng- 
land; and  the  said  Treasurer,  or  agents,  as  the  case  may  be,  shall  endorse 
or  stamp  thereon  the  words:  "Interest  reduced  to  two  per  centum  per 
annum  for  five  years  from  January  first,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
eighty  (1880),  and  four  per  centum  per  annum  thereafter";  and  said 
Treasurer  or  agent  shall  endorse  or  stamp  on  said  coupons  the  following 
words:  "Interest  reduced  to  two  per  centum  per  annum,"  or  "Interest 
reduced  to  four  per  centum  per  annum,"  as  the  case  may  be. 

ACT  NO.  125  OF  1882. 

Art.  81.  The  Supreme  Court,  except  in  cases  hereinafter  provided, 
shall  have  appellate  jurisdiction  only,  which  jurisdiction  shall  extend  to 
all  cases  when  the  matter  in  dispute,  or  the  fund  to  be  distributed,  what- 
ever may  be  the  amount  therein  claimed,  shall  exceed  two  thousand  dol- 
lars, exclusive  of  interest;  to  suits  of  divorce  and  separation  from  bed 
and  board;  to  suits  for  nullity  of  marriage;  to  suits  involving  the  rights 
of  homesteads;  to  suits  for  interdiction,  and  to  all  cases  in  which  the 


222  AMENDMENTS  TO  CONSTITUTION  OF  1879. 

constitutionality  or  legality  of  any  tax,  toll  or  impost  whatever,  or  of 
any  fine,  forfeiture  or  penalty  imposed  by  a  municipal  corporation  shall 
be  in  contestation,  whatever  may  be  the  amount  thereof,  and  in  such 
cases  the  appeal  on  the  law  and  the  facts  shall  be  diiectly  from  the  court 
in  which  the  case  originated  to  the  Supreme  Court;  and  to  criminal  cases 
on  (juestions  of  law  alone,  whenever  the  punislunent  of  deatli  or  imprison- 
ment at  hard  labor  may  be  inflicted,  or  a  fine  exceeding  three  hundred 
dollars  ($300)   is  actually  imposed. 

Art.  95.  The  Court  of  Appeals,  except  in  cases  hereinafter  pro- 
vided, shall  have  appellate  jurisdiction  only,  which  jurisdiction  shall 
extend  in  all  cases,  civil  or  probate,  when  the  matter  in  dispute  or  the 
funds  to  be  distributed  shall  exceed  one  hundred  dollars,  exclusive  of 
interest. 

Art.  101.  Whenever  the  judges  composing  the  courts  of  appeal  shall 
concur,  their  judgment  shall  be  final.  Whenever  there  shall  be  a  disa- 
greement, the  two  judges  shall  appoint  a  lawyer  having  the  qualifications 
for  a  judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  of  their  circuit,  who  shall  aid  in  the 
determination  of  the  case;  a  judgment  concurred  in  by  any  two  of  them 
shall  be  final. 

Art.  128.  There  shall  be  in  the  Parish  of  Orleans  a  Court  of 
Appeals  for  said  parish,  with  exclusive  appellate  jurisdiction  in  all  mat- 
ters, civil  and  probate,  arising  in  said  parish,  when  the  amount  in  dispute 
or  fund  to  be  distributed  exceeds  one  hundred  dollars,  exclusive  of 
interest,  and  does  not  exceed  two  thousand  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest; 
said  court  shall  be  presided  over  by  two  judges,  who  shall  be  elected  by 
the  General  Assembly,  in  joint  session;  they  shall  be  residents  and  voters 
of  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  possessing  all  the  qualifications  necessary 
for  judges  of  circuit  courts  of  appeal  throughout  the  State;  they  shall 
each  receive  an  annual  salary  of  four  thousand  dollars,  payable  monthly 
upon  their  respective  warrants.  Said  appeals  shall  be  upon  questions  of 
law  alone,  in  all  cases  involving  less  than  five  hundred  dollars,  exclusive 
of  interest,  and  upon  the  law  and  the  facts  in  other  cases.  It  shall  sit 
in  the  City  of  New  Orleans  from  the  first  Monday  of  November  to  the 
]r-st  Monday  in  June  in  each  year;  it  shall  have  authority  to  issue  writ.^ 
of  mandamus,  prohibition,  certiorari  and  habeas  corpus  in  aid  of  its 
appellate  jurisdiction. 

Art.  130.  For  the  Parish  of  Orleans  there  shall  be  two  District 
Courts  and  no  more.  One  of  said  courts  shall  be  known  as  "The  Civil 
District  Court  for  the  Parish  of  Orleans,"  and  the  other  as  "The  Criminal 
District  Court  for  the  Parish  of  Orleans."  The  former  shall  consist  of 
not  less  than  five  judges,  and  the  latter  not  less  than  two  judges,  having 
)i,^  p'l^-ficationa  prescribed  for  district  judges  throughout  the  State. 
"''•-  '•■•'•■]  indrres  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Governor,  by  and  with  the 
advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  for  the  term  of  eight  years.  The  first, 
appointment  shall  be  made  as  follows:  Three  judges  of  the  Civil  District 
Court  for  four  years,  and  two  judges  for  eight  years.  One  judge  of  the 
Criminal  District  Court  for  four  years,  and  one  for  eight  years;  the  terms 


AMENDMENTS  TO  CONSTITUTION  OF  18Y9.  223 

to  be  designated  in  their  commissions.  The  said  judges  shall  receive  each 
four  thousand  dollars  per  annum.  Said  Civil  District  Court  shall  have 
exclusive  and  general  probate,  and  exclusive  jurisdiction  in  all  casea 
\\  l;eii  ihe  amount  in  dispute  or  to  be  distributed  exceeds  one  hundred 
dollars,  exclusive  of  interest ;  and  exclusive  of  appellate  jurisdiction  from 
.  courts  of  the  Parish  of  Orleans  when  the  amount  in  dispute 
exceeds  twenty-five  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest.  All  causes  filed  in  said 
courts  shall  be  equally  allotted  and  assigned  among  said  judges,  in 
accordance  with  rules  of  court  to  be  adopted  for  the  purpose.  In  case  of 
recusation  of  any  judge  in  any  cause,  such  cause  shall  be  reassigned;  or, 
in  case  of  absence  from  the  parish,  sickness  or  the  disability  of  the  judge 
to  whom  said  cause  may  have  been  assigned,  any  judge  of  said  court  may 
issue  or  grant  conservatory  writs  or  orders.  In  other  respects  each  judge 
shall  have  exclusive  control  over  every  cause  assigned  to  him  from  its 
inception  to  its  final  determination  in  said  court.  The  Criminal  District 
Court  shall  have  criminal  jurisdiction  only.  All  prosecutions  instituted 
in  said  court  shall  be  equally  apportioned  between  said  judges  by  lot. 
Fp^h  judge  or  his  successor  shall  have  exclusive  control  over  every  cause 
falling  to  him  from  its  inception  to  its  final  determination  in  said  court. 
In  case  of  vacancy  or  recusation,  causes  assigned  shall  be  reassigned 
under  order  of  court. 

Art.  135.  There  shall  be  in  the  City  of  New  Orleans  four  city 
courts,  one  of  which  shall  be  located  in  that  portion  of  the  city  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Mississippi  river,  presided  over  by  judges  having  all 
the  qualifications  required  of  a  district  judge,  and  shall  be  elected  by 
the  qualified  voters  for  the  term  of  four  years;  they  shall  have  exclusive 
jurisdiction  over  all  sums  not  exceeding  one  hundred  dollars,  exclusive 
of  interest,  subject  to  an  appeal  to  the  Civil  District  Court  when  the 
amount  claimed  exceeds  twenty-five  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest.  The 
General  Assembly  shall  regulate  the  salaries,  territorial  division  of  juris- 
diction, the  manner  of  executing  their  process,  the  fee  bill,  and  proceed- 
ings which  shall  govern  them;  they  shall  have  authority  to  execute  com- 
missions, to  take  testimony,  and  shall  receive  therefor  such  fees  as  may 
be  allowed  by  law.  The  General  Assembly  may  increase  the  number  of 
city  courts  for  the  said  parish- — not  to  exceed  eight  in  all,  until  otherwise 
provided  by  law;  each  of  said  courts  shall  have  one  clerk,  to  be  elected  for 
the  term  of  four  years  by  the  qualified  voters  of  the  parish,  who  shall 
receive  a  salary  of  twelve  hundred  dollars  per  annum,  and  no  more,  and 
whose  qualifications,  bonds  and  duties  shall  be  regulated  by  law. 

ACT  NO.  113  OF  1882. 

AuT    '  ■-•;.,!   charges  fixed  by  law  for  the  various  civil 

courts  of  the  Parish  of  Orleans,  and  for  the  register  of  conveyances  and 
recorder  of  mortgages  of  said  parish  shall  enure  to  the  State;  and  all 
sums  realized  therefrom  shall  be  set  aside  and  held  as  a  special  fund, 
out  of  which  shall  be  paid,  by  preference,  the  expenses  of  the  clerk  of 


224  AMENDMENTS  TO  CONSTITUTION  OF  1879. 

the  Civil  District  Court,  the  clerks  of  the  city  courts,  the  register  of  con- 
veyances and  the  recorder  of  mortgages  for  the  Parish  of  Orleans;  pro- 
vided, that  the  State  will  never  make  any  payment  to  any  sheriff,  clerk, 
register  of  conveyances  or  recorder  of  mortgages  of  the  Parish  of 
Orleans,  or  any  of  their  deputies,  for  salary  or  other  expenses  of  their 
respective  offices,  except  from  the  special  fund  provided  for  by  this 
article;  and  any  appropriation  made  contrary  to  this  provision  shall  be 
null  and  void. 

ACT  NO.  88  OF  1886. 

Art.  62.  That,  in  the  event  of  the  death,  or  from  whatever  cause 
the  office  of  Lieutenant  Governor  shall  become  vacant,  then  and  in  that 
event  the  President  pro  tempore  of  the  Senate  shall  fill  the  office  of 
Lieutenant  Governor,  performing  all  the  duties  incident  to  the  office  and 
receiving  its  emoluments. 

JOINT  RESOLUTION  NO.  28  OF  1886. 

Art.  117.  In  those  districts  composed  of  one  parish  there  shall  not . 
be  less  than  six  terms  of  the  District  Court  each  year.  In  all  otiher 
districts  there  shall  be  in  each  parish  not  less  than  four  terms  of  the 
District  Court  each  year,  except  in  the  parishes  of  Cameron,  Franklin 
and  Vernon,  in  which  there  shall  not  be  less  than  two  terms  of  the  Dis- 
trict Court  each  year.  Until  provided  by  law,  the  terms  of  the  District 
Cou  t  in  each  parish  shall  be  fixed  by  rule  of  said  court,  which  shall  not 
be  changed  without  notice  by  publication  at  least  thirty  days  prior  to 
such  change. 

There  shall  be  in  each  parish  not  less  than  two  jury  terms  each  year, 
at  which  a  grand  jury  shall  be  impaneled,  excepting  the  parishes  of 
Cameron,  Franklin  and  Vernon,  in  which  there  shall  not  be  less  than  one 
jury  term  each  year,  at  which  a  grand  jury  shall  be  impaneled. 

At  other  jury  terms  the  General  Assembly  shall  provide  for  special 
juries  when  necessary  for  the  trial  of  criminal  cases. 

JOINT  RESOLUTION  NO.  75  OF  1886. 

Art.  180.  The  New  Basin  Canal  and  Shell  Road  and  their  appur- 
tenances shall  not  be  leased  nor  alienated. 


JOINT  RESOLUTION  NO.  92  OF  1886. 

Art.  207.  The  following  property  shall  be  exempt  from  taxation, 
and  no  other,  viz. :  All  public  property,  places  of  religious  worship  or 
burial,  all  charitable  institutions,  all  buildings  and  property  used  ex- 
clusively for  colleges  of  other  school  purposes,  the  real  and  personal 
estate  of  any  public  library  and  that  of  any  other  literary  association 


AMENDMENTS  TO  CONSTITUTION  OF  1879,  225 

used  by  or  connected  with  such  library,  all  books  and  philosophical  appar- 
atus, and  all  paintings  and  statuary  of  any  company  or  association  kept 
in  a  public  hall;  provided,  the  property  so  exempted  be  not  used  or  leased 
for  purposes  of  private  or  corporate  profit  or  income.  There  shall  also 
be  exempt  from  taxation  household  property  to  the  value  of  five  hundred 
dollars;  there  shall  also  be  exempt  from  taxation  and  license  for  a  period 
of  twenty  years  from  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution  of  1879  the  capital, 
machinery  and  other  property  employed  in  the  manufacture  of  textile 
fabrics,  leather,  shoes,  harness,  saddlery,  hats,  flour,  machinery,  agri- 
cultural implements,  manufacture  of  ice,  fertilizers  and  chemicals,  and 
furniture  and  other  articles  of  wood,  marble  or  stone,  soap,  stationery, 
ink  and  paper,  boat  building  and  chocolate;  provided,  that  not  less 
than  five  hands  are  employed  in  any  one  factory. 

ACT  NO.  43  OF  1884. 

Art.  269.  The  terms  of  Act  No.  43  of  the  regular  session  of  1884, 
adopted  at  the  session  of  the  Legislature  in  the  year  1884,  are  hereby 
ratified  and  approved,  and  all  provisions  of  the  Constitution  of  1879  re- 
pugnant thereto,  or  in  any  way  impairing  the  passage  thereof,  are  hereby 
repealed,  so  far  as  the  operations  of  said  act  are  concerned. 

JOINT  RESOLUTION  NO.  112  OF  1884. 

Art.  270.  The  General  Assembly  may  divide  the  State  into  Levee 
Districts  and  provide  for  the  appointment  or  election  of  Levee  Com- 
missioners in  said  districts,  who  shall,  in  the  method  and  manner  to  be 
provided  by  law,  have  supervision  of  the  erection,  repair  and  maintenance 
of  the  levees  in  said  districts;  to  that  effect  the  Levee  Commissioners 
may  levy  a  tax  not  to  exceed  ten  mills  on  the  taxable  property  situated 
within  the  alluvial  portions  of  said  districts  subject  to  overflow;  provided 
that,  in  case  of  necessity  to  raise  additional  funds  for  the  purpose  of 
constructing,  preserving  or  repairing  any  levees  protecting  the  lands 
of  a  district,  the  rate  of  taxation  herein  limited  may  be  increased  when 
the  rate  of  such  increase  and  the  necessity  and  purpose  for  which 
it  is  intended  shall  have  been  submitted  to  a  vote  of  the  property  tax- 
payers of  such  district,  paying  taxes  for  himself,  or  in  any  representa- 
tive capacity,  whether  resident  or  non-resident,  on  property  situated 
within  the  alluvial  portion  of  said  district  subject  to  overflow,  and  a 
majority  of  those  in  number  and  value,  voting  at  such  election,  shall 
have  voted  therefor. 

JOINT  RESOLUTION  NO.  110,  OF  1890. 

Art.  271.  Be  it  resolved  hy  the  Senate  and  House  of  Represen- 
tatives of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  two-thirds  of  all  the  members  elected  to 
each   house    concurring.   That    the   following   amendments   to   the   Con- 


226  AMENDMENTS  TO  CONSTITUTION  OF  1879. 

stitution  of  the  State  be  submitted  to  the  electors  of  the  State  at  the 
next  election  for  Kepresentatives  for  the  General  Assembly  in  the  year 
1892,  for  the  purpose  of  retiring  the  now  existing  valid  outstanding  bonds 
of  the  city  of  New  Orleans,  including  the  bond  certificates  of  bonds  is- 
sued under  the  act  of  the  Legislature,  No.  58,  of  1882,  and  to  retire 
judgments  now  or  hereafter  rendered  against  the  city  on  floating  debt 
claims  prior  to  1879,  entitled  to  be  funded  under  act  No.  67,  of  1884,  the 
said  cily  of  New  Orleans  is  hereby  authorized  and  directed,  on  and 
alter  the  adoption  of  this  amendment,  to  issue,  through  the  Board  of 
Liquidation  of  the  City  Debt,  bonds  to  be  known  as  the  Constitutional 
Bonds  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  not  to  exceed  ten  millions  of  dol- 
lars, at  fifty  years,  bearing  four  per  cent,  per  annum  interest,  to  bear 
date  and  be  in  the  form  prescribed  by  the  Legislature.  The  said  bonds 
shall  be  applied  by  the  said  board  to  the  retirement  of  said  outstanding 
bonds  and  judgments,  by  the  sale  of  said  constitutional  bonds,  and  ap- 
plication of  the  proceeds  of  sale  by  the  Board  of  Liquidation  to  pay  or 
purchase  said  outstanding  bonds  and  judgments,  or  by  exchanging  the 
said  constitutional  bonds  for  bonds  on  the  terms  and  in  the  mode  pre- 
scribed by  the  Legislature.  For  the  payment  of  the  interest  and  princi- 
pal at  maturity  of  said  constitutional  bonds,  and  other  outstanding 
bonds  not  retired  under  this  amendment,  and  for  the  payment  of  the 
annual  allotments  and  premiums  of  the  premium  bonds  of  said  city, 
the  said  city  is  hereby  authorized  and  directed  to  levy  annually,  and 
until  the  full  payment  of  said  bonds,  a  special  tax  of  one  per  cent,  on 
all  the  real  and  personal  property  of  the  city,  said  tax  to  be  a  part 
of  and  not  in  addition  to  the  tax  of  twenty  mills  and  two-tenths  of  a 
mill  on  the  dollars  of  valuation  now  levied  for  all  purposes  by  the 
city  of  New  Orleans,  and  the  said  tax  shall  be  paid  over  as  collected 
to,  and  be  applied  by,  the  Board  of  Liquidation,  to  the  payment  of 
the  interest  and  principal  at  maturity  of  said  constitutional  bonds,  and 
outstanding  bonds  not  retired,  and  to  the  payment  of  the  allotments  of 
p.remiums    extant,    in    the   hands    of   holders. 

Said  tax  is  hereby  declared  to  be  the  contract  right  of  the  holders  of 
all  said  bonds;  and  the  exemption  of  said  constitutional  bonds  from  all 
taxation  by  the  city  of  New  Orleans  and  State  of  Louisiana  is  hereby 
recognized  and  declared,  and  after  payment  of  all  the  annual  interest  on 
said  constitutional  bonds  and  bonds  not  retired,  and  the  payment  of  the 
said  annual  allotments  of  premium  bonds  and  premiums  extant  in  the 
hands  of  holders,  and  after  making  provisions  for  a  sinking  fund,  at  such 
,  time  and  of  such  an  amount  as  the  Legislature  prescribes,  the  surplus 
of  said  one  per  cent,  shall  be  disposed  of  as  prescribed  by  the  Legislature. 

The  act  passed  at  the  present  session,  No.  36,  entitled  "An  act  to  carry 
into  effect  the  constitutional  amendment  passed  at  the  present  session 
relative  to  the  bond  debt  of  the  city  of  New  Orleans,"  etc.,  be  and  is 
hereby  approved  in  all  its  parts  as  a  contract  between  the  city  of  New 


AMENDMENTS  TO  CONSTITUTION  OP  1879.  227 

Orleans  and  the  holders  of  said  constitutional  bonds,  premium  bonds,  and 
of  the  bonds  outstanding  not  retired,  as  aforesaid. 

Sec.  2.  Be  it  further  resolved,  etc..  That  the  city  of  New  Orleans  be 
and  is  hereby  authorized  and  empowered  to  examine  into  and  assume  the 
payment  of  the  claims  or  obligations  of  the  Board  of  School  Directors  tor 
the  city  and  parishes  of  Orleans  due  for  the  years  1880,  1881,  1882,  1883 
and  1884,  now  in  the  hands  of  original  owners,  who  have  in  no  wise  parted 
with  their  right  of  ownership  or  pledged  the  same,  as  may  be  found  to  be 
equitably  due  by  said  board  for  services  rendered,  labor  performed  or 
materials  furnished  by  authority  of  said  board. 

Sec.  3.  Be  it  further  resolved,  etc..  That  all  electors  voting  at  said 
election  for  said  amendments  shall  place  upon  their  ballots  the  words,  "For 
the  city  of  New  Orleans  debt  amendment,"  and  all  electors  voting  at  said 
election  against  amendment  shall  place  on  their  ballots  the  words,  "Against 
the  city  of  New  Orleans  debt  amendment." 


Constitution  of  1898, 

Adopted  at  New  Orleans,  May  12,  1898. 


PREAMBLE. 


We,  the  people  of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  grateful  to  Almighty  God 
for  the  civil,  political  and  religious  liberties  we  enjoy,  and  desiring  to 
secure  the  continuance  of  these  blessings,  do  ordain  and  establish  this  Con- 
stitution. 

BILL  OF  RIGHTS. 

Art.  1.  All  government,  of  right,  originates  with  the  people,  is 
founded  on  their  will  alone  and  is  instituted  solely  for  the  good  of  the 
whole.  Its  only  legitimate  end  is  to  secure  justice  to  all,  preserve  peace 
and  promote  the  interest  and  happiness  of  the  people. 

Art.  2.  No  person  shall  be  deprived  of  life,  liberty  or  property,  ex- 
cept by  due  process  of  law. 

Art.  3.  No  law  shall  ever  be  passed  to  curtail  or  restrain  the  liberty 
of  speech  or  of  the  press;  any  person  may  speak,  write  and  publish  his 
sentiments  on  all  subjects,  being  responsible  for  the  abuse  of  that  lib- 
erty. 

Art.  4.  Every  person  has  the  natural  right  to  worship  God,  according 
to  the  dictates  of  his  conscience,  and  no  law  shall  be  passed  respecting  au 
establishment  of  religion. 

Art.  5.  The  people  have  the  right  peaceably  to  assemble  and  apply 
to  those  vested  with  the  powers  of  government  for  a  redress  of  grievances 
by  petition  or  remonstrance. 

Art.  6.  All  courts  shall  be  open,  and  every  person  for  injury  done 
him  in  his  rights,  lands,  goods,  person  or  reputation  shall  have  adequate 
remedy  by  due  process  of  law  and  justice  administered  without  denial, 
partiality  or  unreasonable  delay. 

Art.  7.  The  right  of  the  people  to  be  secure  in  their  persons,  houses, 
papers  and  effects  against  unreasonable  searches  and  seizures  shall  not  be 
violated  and  no  warrant  shall  issue  except  upon  probable  cause,  supported 
by  oath  or  affirmation,  and  particularly  describing  the  place  to  be  searched 
and  the  persons  or  things  to  be  seized. 

Art.  8.  A  well  regulated  militia  being  necessary  to  the  security  of  a 
free  State,  the  right  of  the  people  to  keep  and  bear  arms  shall  not  be 


CONSTITUTION  OF   1898.  229 

abridged.  Tliis  shall  not  prevent  the  passage  of  laws  to  punish  those 
who  carry  weapons  concealed. 

Art.  9.  In  all  criminal  prosecutions  the  accused  shall  have  the  right 
to  a  speedy  public  trial  by  an  impartial  jury ;  provided,  that  cases  in  which 
the  penalty  is  not  necessarily  imprisonment  at  hard  labor,  or  death,  shall 
be  tried  by  the  court  without  a  jury  or  by  a  jury  less  than  twelve  in  num- 
ber, as  provided  elsewhere  in  the  Constitution;  provided  further,  that  all 
trials  shall  take  place  in  the  parish  in  which  the  offense  was  committed, 
unless  the  venue  be  changed.  The  accused  in  every  instance  shall  have 
the  right  to  be  confronted  with  the  witnesses  against  him;  he  shall  have 
the  right  to  defend  himself,  to  have  the  assistance  of  counsel,  to  have  com- 
pulsory process  for  obtaining  witnesses  in  his  favor.  Prosecutions  shall 
be  by  indictment  or  information ;  but  the  Legislature  may  provide  for  the 
prosecution  of  misdemeanors  on  affidavits;  provided,  that  no  person  shall 
be  held  to  answer  for  a  capital  crime  unless  on  a  presentment  or  indictment 
by  a  grand  jury  except  in  cases  arising  in  the  militia  when  in  actual 
service  in  time  of  war  or  public  danger;  nor  shall  any  person  be  twice  put 
in  jeopardy  of  life  or  liberty  for  the  same  offense,  except,  on  his  own 
application  for  a  new  trial,  or  where  there  is  a  mistrial,-  or  a  motion  in 
arrest  of  judgment  is  sustained. 

Art.  10.  In  all  criminal  prosecutions,  the  accused  shall  be  informed 
of  the  nature  and  cause  of  the  accusation  against  him;  and  when  tried 
by  juiy  shall  have  the  right  to  challenge  jurors  peremptorily,  the  number 
of  challenges  to  be  fixed  by  law. 

Art.  11.  No  person  shall  be  compelled  to  give  evidence  against  him- 
self in  a  criminal  case,  or  in  any  proceeding  that  may  subject  him  to  crimi- 
nal prosecution,  except  as  otherwise  provided  in  this  Constitution. 

Art.  12.  Excessive  bail  shall  not  be  required,  nor  excessive  fines 
imposed,  nor  cruel  and  unusual  punishment  inflicted.  All  persons  shall 
be  bailable  by  sufiieient  sureties,  unless  for  capital  offenses  where  the  proof 
is  evident  or  presumption  great,  or  unless  after  conviction  for  any  crime 
or  offense  punishable  with  death  or  imprisonment  at  hard  labor. 

Art.  13.  The  privilege  of  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  shall  not  be  sus- 
pended, unless  when,  in  case  of  rebellion  or  invasion,  the  public  safety  may 
require  it. 

Art.  14.     The  military  shall  be  in  subordination  to  the  civil  power. 

Art.  15.  This  enumeration  of  rights  shall  not  be  construed  to  deny 
or  impair  other  rights  of  the  people  not  herein  expressed. 

DISTRIBUTION  OF  POWERS. 

Art.  16.  The  powers  of  the  government  of  the  State  of  Louisiana 
shall  be  divided  into  three  distinct  departments,  each  of  them  to  be  con- 
fided to  a  separate  body  of  magistracy,  to-wit  Those  which  are  legislative 
to  one,  those  which  are  executive  to  another,  and  those  which  are  judicial 
to  another. 

Art.  17.     No  one  of  these  departments,  nor  any  person  or  collection  of 


230  CONSTITUTION  OF   1898. 

persons  holding  office  in  one  of  them,  shall  exercise  power  properly  belong- 
ing to  either  of  the  others,  except  in  the  instances  hereinafter  expressly 
directed  or  permitted. 

LEGISLATIVE  DEPARTMENT. 

APPORTIONMENT. 

Akt.  18.  Kepresentation  in  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  be 
equal  and  uniform  and  shall  be  based  upon  population.  Each  parish  and 
each  ward  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans  shall  have  at  least  one  representa- 
tive. At  its  first  regular  session  after  the  United  States  census  of  1900, 
and  after  each  census  thereafter,  the  General  Assembly  shall,  and  it  is 
hereby  directed  to  apportion  the  representation  among  the  several  parishes 
and  Representative  Districts  on  the  basis  of  the  total  population  shown  by 
such  census.  A  representative  number  shall  be  fixed,  and  each  parish  and 
Representative  District  shall  have  as  many  Representatives  as  such  repre- 
sentative number  is  contained  in  the  total  number  of  the  inhabitants  of 
such  parish  or  Representative  District  and  one  additional  Representative 
for  every  fraction  exceeding  one-half  the  representative  number.  The 
number  of  Representatives  shall  not  be  more  than  one  hundred  and  six- 
teen nor  less  than  ninety-eight. 

Art.  19.  The  General  Assembly,  in  every  year  in  which  it  shall 
apportion  representation  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  shall  divide  the 
State  into  Senatorial  Districts.  No  parish  shall  be  divided  in  the  forma- 
tion of  a  Senatorial  District,  the  Parish  of  Orleans  excepted.  Whenever 
a  new  parish  is  created,  it  shall  be  attached  to  the  Senatorial  District  from 
which  most  of  its  territory  is  taken,  or  to  another  contiguous  district,  at 
the  discretion  of  the  General  Assembly,  but  shall  not  be  attached  to  more 
than  one  district.  The  number  of  Senators  shall  not  be  more  than  forty- 
one  nor  less  than  thirty-six,  and  they  shall  be  apportioned  among  the 
Senatorial  Districts  according  to  the  total  population  contained  in  the  sev- 
eral districts. 

Art.  20.  Until  an  enmneration  shall  have  been  made  in  accordance 
with  Articles  18  and  19,  the  State  shall  be  divided  into  the  following 
Senatorial  Districts,  with  the  number  of  Senators  hereinafter  apportioned 
to  each  district : 

The  First  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  First  and  Sec- 
ond Wards  of  the  Parish  of  Orleans,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator ; 

The  Second  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  Third  Ward 
of  the  Parish  of  Orleans,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator; 

The  Third  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  Fourth,  Fifth, 
Sixth  and  Seventh  Wards  of  the  Parish  of  Orleans,  and  shall  elect  two 
Senators ; 

The  Fourth  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  Eighth  and 
Ninth  Wards  of  the  Parish  of  Orleans,  and  of  the  Parishes  of  St.  Bernard 
and  Plaquemines,  and  shall  elect  two  Senators; 


CONSTITUTION  OP   1898.  231 

The  Fifth  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  Tenth  Ward, 
ana  shall  elect  one  Senator; 

I'^e  Sixth  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  Eleventh, 
Twelfth,  Ihirteenth  and  Fourteenth  Wards,  and  shall  elect  two  Senators; 

The  Seventh  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  Fifteenth, 
Sixteenth  and  Seventeenth  Wards,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator; 

The  Eighth  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  Parishes  of 
Jefferson,  St.  Charles  and  St.  John  the  Baptist,  and  shall  elect  one 
Senator ; 

The  Ninth  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  Parishes  of 
St.  James  and  Ascension  and  shall  elect  one  Senator; 

The  Tenth  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  Parishes  of 
Terrebonne,  Lafourche  and  Assumption,  and  shall  elect  two  Senators; 

The  Eleventh  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  Parishes 
of  St.  Maiy  and  Vermilion,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator; 

The  Twelfth  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  Parishes 
of  Cameron  and  Calcasieu,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator; 

The  Thirteenth  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  Parishes 
of  St.  Martin,  Iberia  and  Lafayette,  and  shall  elect  two  Senators; 

The  Fourteenth  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  Parishes 
of  St.  Landry  and  Acadia,  and  shall  elect  two  Senators; 

The  Fifteenth  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  Parishes 
of  Avoyelles  and  Pointe  Coupee,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator; 

The  Sixteenth  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  Parishes 
of  Iberville  and  West  Baton  Rouge,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator; 

The  Seventeenth  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  Par- 
ishes of  East  and  West  Feliciana,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator; 

The  Eighteenth  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  Parish 
of  East  Baton  Rouge,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator; 

The  Nineteenth  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  Parishes 
of  St.  Helena,  Livingston,  Tangipahoa,  Washington  and  St.  Tammany, 
and  shall  elect  two  Senators; 

The  Twentieth  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  Parishes 
of  Rapides  and  Vernon,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator; 

The  Twenty-first  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  Par- 
ishes of  Natchitoches,  Sabine,  DeSoto  and  Red  River,  and  shall  elect  two 
Senators ; 

The  Twenty-second  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  Par- 
ish of  Caddo,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator; 

The  Twenty-third  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  Par- 
ishes of  Webster  and  Bossier,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator; 

The  Twenty-fourth  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the 
Parishes  of  Bienville  and  Claiborne,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator; 

The  Twenty-fifth  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  Par- 
ishes of  Union,  Lincoln,  Morehouse  and  West  Carroll,  and  shall  elect 
two    Senators; 


232  CONSTITUTION  OF   1898. 

The  Twenty-sixth  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  Par- 
ishes ot'  Ouachita  and  Jackson,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator; 

The  Twenty-seventh  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the 
Parishes  of  Winn,  Caldwell  and  Grant,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator; 

'ihe  Twenty-eighth  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the 
Parishes  of  East  CaroU  and  Madison,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator; 

The  Twenty-ninth  Senatorial' District  shall  be  composed  of  the  Par- 
ishes of  Tensas  and  Concordia,  and  shall  elect  one  Senator; 

The  Thirtieth  Senatorial  District  shall  be  composed  of  the  Parishes 
of  Richland,  Pranklin  and  Catahoula,  and  shall  be  entitled  to  one  Sen- 
ator; 

Thirty-nine   (39)   Senators  in  all. 

And  the  Kepresentatives  shall  be  apportioned  among  the  parishes 
and  Kepresentative  Districts  as  follows: 

For  the  Parish  of  New  Orleans — 

First  Eepresentative  District,  First  Ward,  one  Representative; 

Second  Representative  District,  Second  Ward,  two  Representatives; 

Third  Representative  District,  Third  Ward,  three  Representatives; 

Fourth  Representative  District,  Fourth  Ward,  one  Representative; 

Fifth  Representative  District,  Fifth  Ward,  two  Representatives; 

Sixth  Representative  District,  Sixth  Ward,  one  Representative; 

Seventh  Representative  District,  Seventh  Ward,  two  Representatives ; 

Eig'hth  Representative  District,  Eighth  Ward,  one  Representative; 
•    Ninth  Representative  District,   Ninth  Ward,   two  Representatives; 

Tenth  Representative  District,  Tenth  Ward,  two  Representatives; 

Eleventh  Representative  District,  Eleventh  Ward,  two  Representa- 
tives ; 

Twelfth  Representative  District,  Twelfth  Ward,  one  Representative; 

Thirteenth  Representative  District,  Thirteenth  Ward,  one  Rpresenta- 
tive; 

Fourteenth  Representative  District,  Fourteenth  Ward,  one  Repre- 
sentative; 

Fifteenth  Representative  District,  Fifteenth  Ward,  one  Representa- 
tive; 

Sixteenth  Representative  District,  Sixteenth  Ward,  one  Representa- 
tive; 

Seventeenth  Representative  District,  Seventeenth  Ward,  one  Repre- 
sentative. 

The  Parishes  of  Acadia,  West  Baton  Rouge,  Bienville,  Caldwell, 
Cameron,  East  Carroll,  West  Carroll,  Catahoula,  Franklin,  Grant,  Jack- 
son, Jefferson,  Lincoln,  Livingston,  Plaquemines,  Red  River,  Richland, 
Sabine,  St.  Bernard,  St.  Charles,  St.  Helena,  St.  John  the  Baptist,  St. 
Tamrpany,  Tangipahoa,  Vermilion,  Vernon,  Washington,  Webster  and 
Winn  each  one  Representative; 

The  Parishes  of  Ascension,  Assumption,  Avoyelles,  East  Baton 
Rouge,  Bossier,  Calcasieu,  Claiborne,  Concordia,  DeSoto,  East  Feliciana, 
West  Feliciana,  Tberia,  Iberville,  Lafourche,  Lafayette,  Madison,  More- 


COXSTITUTION  OF   1898.  23-"i 

house,  Natchitoches,  Pointe  Coupee,  Ouachita,  Rapides,  St.  James,  St. 
Mary,  St.  Martin,  Tensas,  Terrebonne,  Union  each  two  Representatives; 

The  Parishes  of  Caddo  and  St.  Landry,  each,  three  Representative?. 

This  apportionment  of  Senators  and  Representatives  shall  not  be 
changed  or  altered  in  any  manner  until  after  the  enumeration  shall  have 
been  taken  by  the  United  States.  After  the  year  1902  the  apportionment 
made  in  this  article  shall  cease  to  exist. 

GENERAL    ASSEMBLY. 

Art.  21.  The  legislative  power  of  the  State  shall  be  vested  in  a 
General  Assembly,  which  shall  consist  of  a  Senate  and  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives. 

Art.  22.  The  style  of  the  laws  of  this  State  shall  be :  "Be  it  enacted 
by  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Louisiana." 

Art.  23.  The  General  Assembly  shall  meet  at  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment on  the  third  Monday  of  May,  1898,  at  12  o'clock  noon,  and  bienni- 
ally thereafter,  on  the  second  Monday  of  May,  and  the  sessions  thereof 
shall  be  limited  to  sixty  days.  Should  a  vacancy  occur  in  either  House, 
the  Governor  shall  order  on  election  to  fill  such  vacancy  for  the  remainder 
of  the  term. 

Art.  24.  Every  elector  under  this  Constitution  shall  be  eligible  to 
a  seat  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  every  elector  who  has  reached 
the  age  of  twenty-five  years  shall  be  eligible  to  the  Senate ;  provided,  that 
no  person  shall  be  eligible  to  the  General  Assembly  unless  at  the  time  of 
his  election  he  has  been  a  citizen  of  the  State  for  five  years,  and  an  actual 
resident  of  the  State  for  five  years,  and  an  actual  resident  of  the  district 
or  parish  from  which  he  may  be  elected  for  two  years  immediately  pro- 
ceding  his  election.  The  seat  of  any  member  who  may  change  his  resi- 
dence from  the  district  or  parish  which  he  represents  shall  thereby  be 
vacated,  any  declaration  of  a  retention  of  domicile  to  the  contrary  not- 
withstanding; and  members  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  be  elected  for 
a  term  of  four  years. 

Art.  25.  Each  house  shall  be  the  judge  of  the  qualifications,  elec- 
tions and  returns  of  its  own  members,  choose  its  own  officers,  except 
President  of  the  Senate,  determine  the  rules  of  its  proceedings,  and  may 
punish  its  members  for  disorderly  conduct  and  contempt,  and,  with  the 
concurrence  of  two-thirds  of  all  its  members  elected,  expel  a  member. 

Art.  26.  Either  house,  during  the  session,  may  punish  by  impris- 
onment any  person  not  a  member  who  shall  have  been  guilty  of  direspect, 
or  disorderly  or  contemptuous  beihavior;  but  such  imprisonment  shall  not 
exceed  ten  days  for  each  offense. 

Art.  27.  No  Senator  or  Representative  shall,  during  the  term  for 
which  he  was  elected,  nor  for  one  year  thereafter,  be  appointed  or  elected 
to  any  civil  office  of  profit  under  this  State  which  may  have  been  created 
or  tthe  emoluments  of  which  may  have  been  increased  by  the  General 
Assembly  during  the  time  such  Senator  or  Representative  was  a  member 
thereof. 


234  CONSTITUTION   OF   1898. 

AkTv  28.  The  members  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  in  all  cases, 
except  treason,  felony,  or  breach  of  the  peace,  be  privileged  from  arrest 
during  their  attendance  at  the  sessions  of  their  respective  houses,  and  nj 
going  to  and  returning  from  the  same;  and  for  any  speech  or  debate  in 
Cither  house  they  shall  not  be  questioned  in  any  other  place. 

Art.  29.  The  members  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  receive  a 
compensation  not  to  exceed  five  dollars  per  day  during  their  attendance, 
and  five  cents  per  mile  going  to  and  returning  from  the  seat  of  govern- 
ment. 

Art.  30.  Each  house  shall  keep  a  journal  of  its  proceedings,  and 
cause  the  same  to  be  published  immediately  after  the  close  of  the  session ; 
when  practicable,  the  minutes  of  each  day's  session  shall  be  printed  and 
placed  in  the  hands  of  members  on  the  day  following.  The  original 
journal  shall  be  preserved,  after  publication,  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary 
of  State,  but  there  shall  be  required  no  other  record  thereof. 

Art.  31.  Every  law  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly  shall  embrace 
but  one  object,  and  that  shall  be  expressed  in  its  title. 

Art.  32.  No  law  shall  be  revived,  or  amended  by  reference  to  its 
title,  but  in  such  cases  the  act  revived  or  section  as  amended  shall  be 
re-enacted  and  published  at  length. 

Art.  33.  The  General  Assembly  shall  never  adopt  any  system  or 
code  of  laws  by  general  reference  to  such  system  or  code  of  laws;  but  iu 
all  cases  shall  recite  at  length  the  several  provisions  of  the  laws  it  may 
enact. 

Art.  34.  Not  less  than  a  majority  of  tlie  members  of  each  house  of 
the  General  Assembly  shall  form  a  quorum  to  transact  business,  but  a 
smaller  number  may  adjourn  from  day  to  day,  and  shall  have  power  to 
compel  the  attendance  of  absent  members. 

Art.  35.  Neither  house,  during  the  sitting  of  the  General  Assembly, 
shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  other,  adjourn  for  more  than  three  days, 
nor  to  any  other  place  than  that  in  which  it  may  be  sitting. 

Art.  36.  The  yeas  and  nays  on  any  question  in  either  house  shall, 
at  the  desire  of  one-fifth  of  the  members  elected,  be  entered  on  the 
journal. 

Art.  37.  All  bills  for  raising  revenue  or  appropriating  money  shall 
originate  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  but  the  Senate  may  propose 
or  concur  in  amendments  as  in  other  bills. 

Art.  38.  No  bill,  ordinance  or  resolution  intended  to  have  the  effect 
of  a  law,  which  shall  (have)  been  rejected  by  either  house,  shall  be  again 
proposed  in  the  same  house  during  the  same  session  imdor  the  same  or 
any  other  title,  without  the  consent  of  a  majority  of  the  house  by  w'hich 
the  same  was  rejected. 

Art.  39.  Every  bill  shall  be  read  on  three  different  days  in  each 
house,  and  no  hill  shall  be  considered  for  final  passage  unless  it  'has  been 
read  once  in  full,  and  the  same  has  been  reported  on  by  a  committee, 
nor  shall  any  bill  become  a  law  unless,  on  its  final  passage,  the  vote  be 
taken  by  yeas  and  nays,  the  names  of  the  members  voting  for  or  against 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1898.  23.5 

the  same  be  entered  on  the  journal,  and  a  majority  of  the  members  elected 
to  eadh  house  be  recorded  thereon  as  voting  in  its  favor;  provided,  that 
bills  revising  the  statutes  or  codes  of  this  State,  or  adopting  a  criminal 
code  as  a  whole,  shall  be  read  in  such  manner  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the 
General  Assembly. 

Art.  40.  No  amendments  to  bills  by  one  house  shall  be  concurred 
in  by  the  other,  nor  shall  reports  of  committees  of  conference  be  adopted 
in  either  house  except  by  a  majority  of  the  members  elected  thereto,  the 
vote  to  be  taken  by  yeas  and  nays,  and  the  names  of  those  voting  for  or 
against  recorded  upon  the  journal. 

Art.  41:  Whenever  a  bill  that  has  been  passed  by  both  houses  has 
been  enrolled  and  placed  in  possession  of  the  house  in  which  it  origin- 
nated,  the  title  shall  be  read,  and,  at  the  request  of  any  five  members, 
the  bill  shall  be  read  in  full,  when  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Kepre- 
sentatives  or  the  President  of  the  Senate,  as  the  case  may  be,  shall  at 
once  sign  it  in  open  house,  and  the  fact  of  signing  shall  be  noted  on 
the  journal;  thereupon  the  Clerk  or  Secretary  shall  immediately  convey 
the  bill  to  the  other  house,  whose  presiding  officer  shall  cause  a  suspen- 
sion of  all  other  business  to  read  and  sign  the  bill  in  open  session  and 
without  delay.  As  soon  as  bills  are  signed  by  the  Speaker  of  the  House 
and  President  of  the  Senate,  they  shall  be  taken  at  once,  and  on  the 
same  day,  to  the  Governor  by  the  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Eepresentatives 
or  Secretary  of  the  Senate. 

Sec.  42.  No  law  passed  by  the  General  Assembly,  except  the  gen- 
eral appropriation  act,  or  act  appropriating  money  for  the  expenses  of 
the  General  Assembly,  shall  take  effect  until  promulgated.  Laws  shall 
be  considered  promulgated  at  the  place  where  the  State  Journal  is 
published,  the  day  after  the  publication  of  such  law  in  the  State  Journal, 
and  in  all  other  parts  of  the  State  twenty  days  after  such  publication. 
The  State  Journal  shall  be  published  at  the  capital. 

Art.  43.,The  clerical  officers  of  the  two  houses  shall  be  a  Secretary 
of  the  Senate  and  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Eepresentatives,  with  such 
assistants  as  may  be  necessary;  but  the  expenses  for  said  officials,  includ- 
ing the  Sergeant-at-arms,  of  each  house,  together  with  all  clerks  of 
committees  and  all  other  employes  of  whatever  kind,  shall  not  exceed 
one  hundred  dollars  daily  for  the  Senate,  nor  one  hundred  and  twenty 
dollars  daily  for  the  House,  and  the  ChaiiTnan  of  the  Committee  on  Con- 
tingent Expenses  of  each  house  shall  not  issue  warrants  for  any  com- 
pensation in  excess  of  said  amounts;  provided,  this  shall  not  affect  the 
employes  of  the  present  General  Assembly.  No  donation  of  any  unex- 
pended balances  shall  be  made  as  extra  compensation  or  for  any  other 
purpose. 

Art.  44.  All  stationery,  printing,  paper  and  fuel  used  in  the  legis- 
lative and  other  departments  of  govermnent  shall  be  furnished,  and  the 
printing,  binding  and  distribution  of  the  laws,  journals  and  department 
reports,  and  all  other  printing  and  binding,  and  the  repairing  and  furn- 
ishing of  the  halls   and  rooms   used   for  the  .meetings   of  the   General 


236  CONSTITUTION  OF   1898. 

Assembly  and  its  committees  shall  be  done  under  contract,  to  be  given 
to  the  lowest  responsible  bidder  below  such  maximum  price  and  under 
such  regulations  as  shall  be  prescribed  by  law. 

No  member  or  officer  of  any  of  the  departments  of  the  government 
shall  be  in  any  way  interested  in  the  contracts;  and  all  such  contracts 
shall  be  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  governor,  the  President  of  the 
Senate  and  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  or  of  any  two  of 
them. 

LIMITATION    OF    LEGISLATIVE    POWERS. 

Art.  45.  No  money  shall  be  drawn  from  the  treasury  except  in 
pursuance  of  specific  appropriation  made  by  law;  nor  shall  any  appro- 
priation of  money  be  made  for  a  longer  term  than  two  years.  A  regular 
statement  and  account  of  receipts  and  expenditures  of  all  public  moneys 
shall  be  published  every  three  months  in  such  manner  as  shall  be  pre- 
scribed by  law. 

Art.  46.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  no  power  to  contract 
or  to  authorize  the  contracting,  of  any  debt  or  liability  on  behalf  of  the 
State,  or  to  issue  bonds  or  other  evidence  of  indebtedness  thereof,  except 
for  the  purpose  of  repelling  invasion,  or  for  the  suppression  of  insur- 
rection. 

Art.  47.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  no  power  to  grant  or  '.o 
authorize  any  parish  or  municipal  authority  to  grant  any  extra  com- 
pensation, fee  or  allowance  to  a  public  officer,  agent,  servant  or  con- 
tractor, nor  pay,  nor  authorize  the  payment,  of  any  claim  against  the 
State  or  any  parish  or  municipality  thereof,  under  any  agreement  or 
cx)ntract  made,  without  express  authority  of  law;  and  all  such  unauthor- 
ized agreements  or  contracts  shall  be  null  and  void. 

Art.  48.  The  General  Assembly  shall  not  pass  any  local  or  special 
law  on  the  following  specified  subjects: 

For  the  opening  and  conducting  of  elections,  or  fixing  or  changing 
the  place  of  vt.*dng. 

Changinj;  the  ^lames  of  persons. 

Changing  rhe  venue  in  civil  or  criminal  cases. 
Authorizing  the  laying  out,  opening,  closing,  altering  or  maintaining 
roads,  highways,  streets  or  alleys,  or  relating  to  ferries  and  bridges,  or 
incorporating  bridge  or  ferry  companies,  except  for  the  erection  of  bridges 
crossing  streams  which  form  boundariea  between  this  and  any  other 
State. 

Authorizing  the  adoption  or  legitimation  of  children  or  the  emanci- 
pation of  minors. 

Granting  divorces. 

Changing  the  law  of  descent  or  succession. 

Affecting  the  estates  of  minors  or  persons  under  disabilities. 

Remitting  fines,  penalties  and  forfeitures  or  refunding  moneys 
legally  paid  into  the  treasury. 

Authorizing  the  constructing  of  street  passenger  railroads  in  any 
incorporated  town  or  city. 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1898.  237 

Regulating  labor,  trade,  manufacturing  or  agriculture. 

Creating  corporations,  or  amending,  renewing,  extending  or  explain- 
ing the  charters  thereof;  provided,  this  shall  not  apply  to  municipal 
corporations  having  a  population  of  not  less  than  twenty-five  hundred 
inhabitants,  or  to  the  organization  of  levee  districts  and  parishes. 

Granting  to  any  corporation,  association  or  individual  any  special 
or  exclusive  right,  privilege  or  immunity. 

Extending  the  time  for  the  assessment  or  collection  of  taxes,  or  for 
the  relief  of  any  assessor  or  collector  of  taxes  from  the  performance  of 
his  official  duties,  or  of  his  sureties  from  liability;  nor  shall  any  such 
law  or  ordinance  be  passed  by  any  political  corporation  of  this  State. 

Eegulating  the  practice  or  jurisdiction  of  any  court,  or  changing 
the  rules  of  evidence  in  any  judicial  proceeding  or  inquiry  before  coiirts, 
or  providing  or  changing  methods  for  the  collection  of  debts  or  the 
enforcement  of  judgments,  or  prescribing  the  effects  of  judicial  sales. 

Exempting  property  from  taxation. 

Fixing  the  rate  of  interest. 

Concerning  any  civil  or  criminal  actions. 

Giving  effect  to  informal  or  invalid  wills  or  deeds,  or  to  any  illegal 
disposition  of  property. 

Regulating  the  management  of  public  schools,  the  building  or  repair- 
ing of  schoolhouses,  and  the  raising  of  money  for  such  purposes. 

Legalizing  the  unauthorized  or  invalid  acts  of  any  officer,  servant 
or  agent  of  the  State,  or  of  any  parish  or  municipality  thereof. 

Art.  49,  The  General  Assembly  shall  not  indirectly  enact  special 
or  local  laws  by  the  partial  repeal  of  a  general  law;  but  laws  repealing 
local  or  special  laws  may  be  passed. 

Art.  50.  No  local  or  special  law  shall  be  passed  on  any  subject  not 
enumerated  in  Article  48  of  this  Constitution,  unless  notice  of  the  inten- 
tion to  apply  therefor  shall  have  been  published,  without  cost  to  the  State, 
in  the  locality  where  the  matter  or  thing  to  be  affected  may  be  situated, 
which  notice  shall  state  the  substance  of  the  contemplated  law,  and  shall 
be  published  at  least  thirty  days  prior  to  the  introduction  into  the  General 
Assembly  of  such  bill,  and  in  the  same  manner  provided  by  law  for  the 
advertisement  of  judicial  sales.  The  evidence  of  such  notice  having  been 
published,  shall  be  exhibited  in  the  General  Assembly  before  such  act 
shall  be  passed,  and  every  such  act  shall  contain  a  recital  that  such 
notice  has  been  given. 

Art.  51.     No  law  shall  be  passed  fixing  the  price  of  manual  labor. 

Art.  52.  Any  member  of  the  General  Assembly  who  has  a  personal 
or  private  interest  in  any  measure  or  bill  proposed  or  pending  before 
the  General  Assembly,  shall  disclose  the  fact  to  the  house  of  which  he 
is  a  member,  and  shall  not  vote  thereon. 

Art.  53.  No  money  shall  ever  be  taken  from  the  public  treasury, 
directly  or  indirectly,  in  aid  of  any  church,  sect  or  denomination  of 
religion,  or  in  aid  of  any  priest,  preacher,  minister  or  teacher  thereof, 
as  such,  and  no  preference  shall  ever  be  given  to,  nor  any  discrimination 


238  CONSTITUTION   OF   1898. 

made  against,  any  church,  sect  or  creed  of  religion,  or  any  form  of 
religious  faith  or  worship ;  nor  shall  any  appropriation  be  made  for 
private,  charitable  or  benevolent  purposes  to  any  person  or  community; 
provided,  this  shall  not  apply  to  the  State  Asylum  for  the  Insane  and 
State  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  and  State  Institution  for  the 
Instruction  of  the  Blind  and  the  charity  hospitals  and  public  charitable 
institutions  conducted  under  State  authority. 

Art.  54.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  no  power  to  increase 
the  expenses  of  any  office  by  appointing  assistant  officials. 

Art.  55.  The  general  appropriation  bill  shall  embrace  nothing  but 
appropriations  for  the  ordinary  expenses  of  the  government,  interest  on 
tlie  public  debt,  public  schools  and  public  charities;  and  such  bill  shall 
be  so  itemized  as  to  show  for  what  account  each  and  every  appropriation 
shall  be  made.  All  other  appropriations  shall  be  made  by  separate  bills, 
each  embracing  but  one  object. 

Art.  56.  Each  appropriation  shall  be  for  a  specific  purpose,  and  no 
appropriation  shall  be  made  under  the  head  or  title  of  contingent;  nor 
shall  any  officer  or  department  of  government  receive  any  amount  from 
the  treasury  for  contingencies  or  for  a  contingent  fund. 

Art.  57.  No  appropriation  of  money  shall  be  made  by  the  General 
Assembly  in  the  last  five  days  of  the  session  thereof.  All  appropriations, 
to  be  valid,  shall  be  passed  and  receive  the  signatures  of  the  President 
of  the  Senate  and  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Eepresentatives  five  full 
days  before  the  adjournment  sine  die  of  the  General  Assembly. 

Art.  58.  The  funds,  credit,  property  or  things  of  value  of  the  State, 
or  of  any  political  corporation  thereof,  shall  not  be  loaned,  pledged  or 
granted  to  or  for  any  person  or  persons,  association  or  corpration,  public 
or  private;  nor  shall  the  State,  or  any  political  corporation,  purchase  or 
subscribe  to  the  capital  or  stock  of  any  corporation  or  association  what- 
ever, or  for  any  private  enterprise.  Nor  shall  the  State,  nor  any  political 
corporation  thereof,  assume  the  liabilities  of  any  political,  municipal, 
parochial,  private  or  other  corporation  or  association  whatsoever;  nor 
shall  the  State  undertake  to  carry  on  the  business  of  any  such  corpora- 
tion or  association,  or  become  a  part  owner  therein ;  provided,  the  State, 
through  the  General  Assembly,  shall  have  power  to  grant  the  right  of 
way  through  its  public  lands  to  any  railroad  or  canal,  and,  provided, 
police  juries  and  municipal  corporations  may,  in  providing  for  destitute 
persons,  utilize  any  charitable  institutions  within  their  corporate  limits 
for  the  care,  maintenance  and  asylum  of  such  persons ;  and  all  appropria- 
tions made  to  such  institutions  for  the  purpose  aforesaid  shall  bo 
accounted  for  by  them  in  the  manner  required  of  officials  entrusted  with 
public   funds. 

Art.  59.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  no  power  to  release  or 
extinguish,  or  to  authorize  the  releasing  or  extinguishment,  in  whole  or 
ill  part,  of  the  indebtedness,  liability  or  obligation  of  any  corporation 
or  individual    to   tlio   State,  or  to   any  parish  or  municipal  corporation 


CONSTITUTION  OF   1898.  239 

■  thereof;  provided,  the  heirs  to  confiscated  property  may  be  released  from 
all  taxes  due  thereon  at  the  date  of  its  reversion  to  them. 

Akt.  60.  jSTo  educational  or  charitable  institution  other  than  the 
State  institutions  now  existing,  or  expressly  provided  for  in  this  Con- 
stitution, shall  be  established  by  the  State,  except  upon  a  vote  of  two- 
thirds  of  the  members  elected  to  each  house  of  the  General  Assembly. 

EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 

Art.  61.  The  Executive  Department  shall  consist  of  a  Governor, 
Lieutenant  Governor,  Auditor,  Treasurer  and  Secretary  of  State. 

Art.  62.  The  supreme  executive  power  of  the  State  shall  be  vested 
in  a  chief  magistrate,  who  shall  be  styled  the  Governor  of  Louisiana. 
He  shall  hold  his  office  during  four  years,  and,  together  with  the  Lieu- 
tenant Governor,  chosen  for  the  same  term,  shall  be  elected  as  follows: 
The  qualified  electors  for  Representatives  shall  vote  for  a  Governor  and 
Lieutenant  Governor  at  the  time  and  place  of  voting  for  Representatives. 
The  return  of  every  election  for  Governor  and  Lieutenant  Governor  shall 
be  made  and  sealed  up  separately  from  the  return  of  election  of  other 
officers  and  transmitted  by  the  proper  officer  of  every  parish  to  the 
Secretary  of  State,  who  shall  deliver  them,  unopened,  to  the  General 
Assembly  then  next  to  be  holden.  The  members  of  the  General  Assembly 
shall  meet  on  the  first  Thursday  after  the  day  on  which  they  assemble 
in  the  House  of  Representatives,  to  examine,  tabulate  and  count  the 
votes  evidenced  by  said  returns.  The  person  having  the  greatest  nimaber 
of  votes  for  Governor  shall  be  declared  duly  elected;  but,  in  case  two 
or  more  persons  shall  be  equal  and  highest  in  the  number  of  votes  polled 
for  Governor,  one  of  them  shall  be  immediately  chosen  Governor  by  the 
joint  vote  of  the  members  of  the  General  Assembly.  The  person  having 
the  greatest  number  of  votes  for  Lieutenant  Governor  shall  be  declared 
duly  elected  Lieutenant  Governor;  but,  in  case  two  or  more  persons  shall 
be  equal  and  highest  in  the  number  of  votes  polled  for  Lieutenant  Gov- 
ernor, one  of  them  shall  be  immediately  chosen  Lieutenant  Governor 
by  the  joint  vote  of  the  members  of  the  General  Assembly. 

Art.  63.  No  person  shall  be  eligible  to  the  office  of  Governor  or 
Lieutenant  Governor  who  shall  not  have  attained  the  age  of  thirty 
years,  been  ten  years  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  resident  of  the 
State  for  the  same  period  of  time  next  preceding  his  election,  or  who 
shall  hold  office  under  the  United  States  at  the  time  of  or  within  six 
months  immediately  preceding  the  election  for  such  office;  nor  shall 
any  person  who  shall  have  been  elected,  qualified  and  served  as  Governor 
under  this  Constitution  be  eligible  as  his  own  successor;  provided,  how- 
ever, that  he  may  again  be  eligible  to  the  office  at  the  expiration  of  one 
or  more  terms  after  the  term  for  which  he  shall  have  served. 

Art.  64.  The  Governor  and  Lieutenant  Governor  shall  enter  on  the 
discharge  of  their  duties  the  first  Monday  next  ensuing  the  announce- 
ment by  the  General  Assembly  of  the  result  of  the  election  for  Governor 


240  CONSTITUTION  OF  1898. 

and  Lieutenant  Governor;  and  each  shall  continue  in  office  until  the 
first  Monday  next  succeeding  the  day  that  his  successor  shall  have  been 
declared  duly  elected,  and  shall  have  taken  the  oath  or  affirmation 
required  by  the  Constitution. 

Akt,  65.  In  case  of  the  impeachment  of  the  Governor,  his  removal 
from  office,  death,  refusal  or  inability  to  qualify,  disability,  resignation, 
or  absence  from  the  State,  the  powers  and  duties  of  the  office  shall  devolve 
upon  the  Lieutenant  Governor  for  the  residue  of  the  term,  or  until  the 
Governor,  absent  or  impeached,  shall  return  or  be  acquitted  or  the  dis- 
ability be  removed.  In  the  event  of  the  removal,  impeachment,  death, 
resignation,  disability  or  refusal  to  qualify  of  both  the  Governor  and 
Lieutenant  Governor,  the  President  pro  tempore  of  the  Senate  shall  act 
as  Governor  until  the  disability  be  removed,  or  for  the  residue  of  the 
term.  If  there  should  be  no  President  pro  tempore  of  the  Senate  when 
any  of  the  above  mentioned  contingencies  arise  for  him  to  act  as  Gov- 
ernor, or  in  the  event  of  the  removal,  death,  resignation,  permanent 
disability  or  refusal  to  qualify  of  the  President  pro  tempore,  the  Secre- 
tary of  State  shall  act  as  Governor  until  a  President  pro  tempore  bo 
elected,  either  in  regular  session  or  in  specially  called  session,  should  the 
vacancy  have  occurred  during  recess;  and,  in  the  event  of  the  impeach- 
ment or  temporary  disability  of  the  President  pro  tempore,  acting  Gov- 
ernor, the  Secretary  of  State  shall  likewise  act  as  Governor  until  the 
disability  be  removed  or  the  impeachment  proceedings  be  terminated  in 
acquittal,  or  until  another  President  pro  tempore  of  the  Senate  be 
chosen. 

Art.  66.  The  Lieutenant  Governor,  or  President  pro  tempore,  or 
Secretary  of  State,  discharging  the  duties  of  the  Governor,  shall,  during 
his  administration,  receive  the  same  compensation  to  which  the  Governor 
would  have  been  entitled  had  he  continued  in  office. 

Art.  67.  The  Lieutenant  Governor  shall  be  ex-officio  President  of 
the  Senate,  but  shall  only  have  a  casting  vote  therein.  The  Senate  shall 
elect  one  of  its  members  as  President  pro  tempore  of  the  Senate. 

Art.  68.  The  Lieutenant  Governor  shall  receive  for  his  services 
a  salary  of  fifteen  hundred  dollars,  payable  monthly  on  his  own  warrant. 
In  the  event  of  a  vacancy  in  the  office  of  Lieutenant  Governor  by  death, 
resignation,  or  any  other  cause,  the  President  pro  tempore  of  the  Senate 
shall  fill  the  office  of  Lieutenant  Governor,  performing  all  the  duties 
incident  to  the  office  and  receiving  its  emoluments. 

Art.  69.  The  Governor  shall  have  power  to  grant  reprieves  for  all 
oflFensos  against  the  State;  and,  except  in  cases  of  impeachment  or 
treason,  shall,  \ipon  the  recommendation  in  writing  of  the  Lieutenant 
Governor,  Attorney  General  and  presiding  judge  of  the  court  before 
which  the  conviction  was  had,  or  of  any  two  of  them,  have  power  in  his 
discretion  to  grant  pardons,  commute  sentences  and  remit  fines  and 
forfeitures  after  conviction.  In  case  of  treason  he  may  grant  reprieves 
until  the  end  of  the  next  session  of  the  General  Assembly,  in  which  body 
the  power  of  pardoning  is  vested. 


CONSTITUTION  OF   1898.  241 

Art,  70.  The  Governor  shall  receive  a  salary  of  five  thousand  dollars 
per  annum,  payable  monthly,  on  his  own  warrant. 

Art.  71.  He  shall  nominate  and,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent 
of  the  Senate,  appoint  all  officers  whose  offices  are  established  by  this  Con- 
stitution and  whose  appointments  or  elections  are  not  herein  otherwise 
provided  for ;  provided,  however,  that  the  General  Assembly  shall  have  the 
right  to  prescribe  the  mode  of  appointment  or  election  to  all  offices 
created  by  it. 

Art.  72.  The  Governor  shall  have  the  power  to  fill  vacancies  that 
may  happen  during  the  recess  of  the  Senate,  in  cases  not  otherwise  pro- 
vided for  in  this  Constitution,  by  granting  commissions  which  shall 
expire  at  the  end  of  the  next  session;  but  no  person  who  has  been 
nominated  for  office  and  rejected  shall  be  appointed  to  the  same  office 
during  the  recess  of  the  Senate.  The  failure  of  the  Governor  to  send 
into  the  Senate  the  name,  of  any  person  appointed  for  office,  as  herein 
provided,  shall  be  equivalent  to  a  rejection. 

Art.  73.  He  may  require  information,  in  writing,  from  the  officers 
in  the  executive  departments  upon  any  subject  relating  to  the  duties  of 
their  respective  offices.  He  shall  be  commander  in  chief  of  the  militia 
of  the  State,  except  when  they  shall  be  called  into  the  actual  service  of 
the  United  States. 

Art.  74.  He  shall,  from  time  to  time,  give  to  the  General  Assembly 
information  respecting  the  situation  of  the  State,  and  recommend  to  its 
consideration  such  measures  as  he  may  deem  expedient. 

Art.  75.  He  shall  take  care  that  the  laws  be  faithfully  executed, 
and  he  may,  on  extraordinary  occasions,  convene  the  General  Assembly 
at  the  seat  of  government,  or,  if  that  should  have  become  dangerous  from 
an  enemy  or  from  an  epidemic,  at  a  different  place.  The  power  to  legis- 
late shall  be  limited  to  the  objects  specially  enumerated  in  the  proclama- 
tion convening  such  extraordinary  session;  therein  the  Governor  shall 
also  limit  the  time  such  session  may  continue;  provided,  it  shall  not 
exceed  thirty  days.  Any  legislative  action  had  after  the  time  so  limited, 
or  as  to  objects  not  enumerated  in  said  proclamation,  shall  be  null  and 
void. 

Art.  76.  Every  bill  which  shall  have  passed  both  houses  shall  be 
presented  to  the  Governor.  If  he  approves  it,  he  shall  sign  it;  if  not,  he 
shall  return  it,  with  his  objections  in  writing,  to  the  house  in  which  it 
originated,  which  house  shall  enter  the  objections  at  large  upon  the 
journal  and  proceed  to  reconsider  the  bill.  If,  after  such  reconsideration, 
two-thirds  of  all  the  members  elected  to  that  house  shall  agree  to  pass 
the  bill,  it  shall  be  sent,  with  the  objections,  to  the  other  house,  by  which 
likewise  it  shall  be  reconsidered;  and,  if  passed  by  two-thirds  of  the 
members  elected  to  that  house,  it  shall  be  a  law,  but  in  such  cases  the 
votes  of  both  houses  shall  be  taken  by  yeas  and  nays,  and  the  names  of 
the  members  voting  for  and  against  the  bill  shall  be  entered  on  the 
journal  of  each  house  respectively.  If  any  bill  shall  not  be  returned 
by  the  Governor  within  five  days  after  it  shall  have  been  presented  to 


242  CONSTITUTION  OF   1898. 

him,  it  shall  be  a  law  in  like  manner  as  if  he  signed  it,  unless  the 
General  Assembly,  by  adjournment,  shall  prevent  its  return,  in  which 
case  it  shall  not  be  a  law. 

Art.  77.  The  Governor  shall  have  power  to  disapprove  of  any  item 
or  items  of  any  bill  making  appropriations  of  money,  embracing  distinct 
items,  and  the  part  or  parts  of  the  bill  approved  shall  be  law,  and  the 
item  or  items  of  appropriation  disapproved  shall  be  void,  unless  repassed 
according  to  the  rules  and  limitations  prescribed  for  the  passage  of  other 
bills  over  the  executive  veto. 

Art.  78.  Every  order,  resolution,  or  vote,  to  which  the  concurrence 
of  both  houses  may  be  necessary,  except  on  a  question  of  adjournment, 
or  matters  of  parliamentary  proceedings,  or  an  address  for  removal  from 
office,  shall  be  presented  to  the  Governor  and,  before  it  shall  take  effect, 
be  approved  by  him,  or,  being  disapproved,  shall  be  repassed  according 
to  the  rules  and  limitations  prescribed  for  the  passage  of  bills  over  the 
executive  veto. 

Art.  79.  The  Treasurer,  Auditor,  Attorney  General  and  Secretary 
of  State  shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  electors  of  the  State  at  the  time 
and  place  of  voting  for  Representatives,  for  the  term  of  four  years;  and 
in  case  of  vacancy  caused  by  death,  resignation,  permanent  absence,  or 
otherwise,  of  any  of  said  officers,  the  Governor  shall  fill  the  vacancy  by 
appointment,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate;  provided,  the 
Secretary  of  State  shall  have  authority  to  appoint  an  assistant,  who  shall 
be  known  as  Assistant  Secretary  of  State,  sic  or  in  case  of  his  disability 
to  act,  or  under  the  directions  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  the  Assistant 
Secretary  of  State  shall  have  authority  to  perform  all  the  acts  and  duties 
of  the  office  of  Secretary  of  State.  The  Secretary  of  State  shall  havo 
authority  to  remove  the  Assistant  Secretary  of  State  ait  pleasure. 

Art.  80.  The  Treasurer  shall  not  be  eligible  as  his  own  immediate 
successor. 

Art.  81.  The  Auditor  of  Public  Accounts  shall  receive  a  salary  of 
two  thousand  five  hundred  dollars  per  annum.  The  treasurer  shall  receive 
a  salary  of  two  thousand  dollars  per  annum.  The  Secretary  of  State 
phall  receive  a  salary  of  one  thousand  eight  hundred  dollars  per  annum. 
Each  of  the  said  officers  shall  be  paid  monthly,  and  no  fees  or  perquisites 
or  other  compensation  shall  be  allowed  them;  provided,  that  the  Secretary 
of  State  may  be  allowed  fees,  as  may  be  provided  by  law  for  copies  and 
certificates  furnished  to  private  persons. 

Art.  82.  Appropriations  for  the  clerical  expenses  of  the  officers 
named  in  the  preceding  article  shall  specify  each  item  of  appropriation, 
and  shall  not  exceed  in  any  one  year,  for  the  Treasurer,  the  sum  of  two 
thousand  dollars:  for  the  Secretary  of  State,  the  sum  of  two  thousand 
five  hundred  dollars,  and  the  salary  of  the  Assistant  Secretary  of  State 
shall  be  innhidod  in  this  amount;  and  for  the  Auditor  of  Public  Accounts, 
the  sum  of  fonr  thousand  dollars. 

Art.  83.     All  commissions  shall  be  in  the  name  and  by  the  authority 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1898.  243 

of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  and  shall  be  sealed  with  the  State  seal,  signed 
by  the  Governor  and  countersigned  by  the  Secretary  of  State. 

JUDICIARY  DEPARTMENT. 

Art.  84,  The  judicial  power  of  the  State  shall  be  vested  in  u. 
Supreme  Court,  in  Courts  of  Appeal,  in  District  Courts,  in  Justices  of 
the  Peace  and  in  such  other  courts  as  are  hereinafter  provided  for. 

Art,  85,  The  Supreme  Court,  except  as  hereinafter  provided,  shall 
have  appellate  jurisdiction  only,  which  jurisdiction  shall  extend  to  all 
cases  where  the  matter  in  dispute  or  the  fund  to  be  distributed,  whatever 
may  be  the  amount  therein  claimed,  shall  exceed  two  thousand  dollars, 
exclusive  of  interest;  to  suits  for  divorce  and  separation  from  bed  and 
board,  and  to  all  matters  arising  therein;  to  suits  involving  alimony, 
for  the  nullity  of  marriage,  or  for  interdiction ;  to  all  matters  of  adoption, 
emancipation,  legitimacy,  and  custody  of  children;  to  suits  involving 
homestead  exemptions,  and  to  all  cases  in  which  the  constitutionality  or 
legality  of  any  tax,  toll  or  impost  whatever,  or  any  fine,  forfeiture  or 
penalty  imposed  by  a  municipal  corporation  shall  be  in  contestation, 
whatever  may  be  the  amount  thereof,  and  to  all  cases  wherein  an  ordi- 
nance of  a  municipal  corporation  or  a  law  of  this  State  has  been  declared 
unconstitutional,  and  in  such  cases  the  appeal  on  the  law  and  the  facts 
shall  be  directly  from  the  court  in  which  the  case  originated  to  the 
Supreme  Court;  and  to  criminal  cases  on  questions  of  law  alone,  when- 
ever the  punishment  of  death  or  imprisonment  at  hard  labor  may  be  in- 
flicted, or  a  fine  exceeding  three  hundred  dollars,  or  imprisonment  exceed- 
ing six  months  is  actually  imposed.  Said  court  shall  have  such  original 
jurisdiction  as  may  be  necessary  to  enable  it  to  determine  questions  of 
fact  affecting  its  own  jurisdiction  in  any  case  pending  before  it,  or 
it  may  remand  the  case;  and  shall  have  exclusive  original  jurisdiction  in 
all  matters  touching  professional  misconduct  of  members  of  the  bar, 
with  power  to  disbar  under  such  rules  as  may  be  adopted  by  the  court. 

Art.  86.  The  Supreme  Court  shall  be  composed  of  one  Chief 
Justice  and  four  Associate  Justices,  a  majority  of  whom  shall  constitute 
a  quorum.  The  Chief  Justice  and  Associate  Justices  shall  each  receive 
a  salary  of  not  less  than  five  thousand  dollars  per  annum,  payable  monthly 
on  his  own  warrant.  They  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Governor,  with  the 
advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  for  the  term  of  twelve  years.  In  case 
of  death,  resignation  or  removal  from  office  of  any  justice,  the  vacancy 
shall  be  filled  by  appointment  for  the  unexpired  term  of  such  justice. 
They  shall  be  citizens  of  the  United  States  and  of  this  State,  over  thirty- 
five  years  of  age,  learned  in  the  law,  and  shall  have  practiced  law  in  this 
State  for  ten  years  preceding  their  appointment. 

Art.  87.  The  State  shall  be  divided  into  four  Supreme  Court  dis- 
tricts, and  the  Supreme  Court  shall  always  be  composed  of  justices 
appointed  from  said  districts.  The  Parishes  of  Orleans,  St.  John  the 
Baptist,  St.  Charles,  St.  Bernard,  Plaquemines  and  Jefferson  shall  com- 
pose the  first  district,  from  which  two  justices  shall  be  appointed. 


244  CONSTITUTION  OF   1898. 

The  Parishes  of  Caddo,  Bossier,  Webster,  Bienville,  Claiborne, 
Union,  Lincoln,  Jackson,  Caldwell,  Ouachita,  Morehouse,  Richland, 
Franklin,  West  Carroll,  East  Carroll,  Madison,  Tensas,  Concordia  and 
Catalioula  shall  compose  the  second  district,  from  which  one  justice  shall 
be  appointed. 

The  Parishes  of  DeSoto,  Red  River,  Winn,  Grant,  Natchitoches, 
Sabine,  Vernon,  Calcasieu,  Cameron,  Rapides,  Avoyelles,  Pointe  Coupee, 
West  Baton  Rouge,  Iberville,  St.  Landry,  Acadia,  Lafayette  and  Ver- 
milion shall  compose  the  third  district,  from  which  one  justice  shall  be 
appointed. 

The  Parishes  of  St.  Martin,  Iberia,  St.  Mary,  Terrebonne,  Lafourche, 
Assumption,  Ascension,  St.  James,  East  Baton  Rouge,  East  Feliciana, 
West  Feliciana,  St.  Helena,  Livingston,  Tangipahoa,  St.  Tammany  and 
Washington  shall  compose  the  fourth  district,  from  which  one  justice 
shall  be  appointed. 

The  justices  of  the  Supreme  Court,  as  now  constituted,  shall  serve 
until  the  expiration  of  their  respective  terms.  When  the  office  of  Chief 
Justice  becomes  vacant,  either  from  expiration  of  term,  death,  resigna- 
tion, or  from  any  other  cause,  the  Associate  Justice  who  has  served  the 
longest  time  shall,  by  virtue  of  said  length  of  service,  become  Chief 
Justice,  and  the  new  appointee  shall  become  an  Associate  Justice  only. 

Art.  88.  The  Supreme  Court  shall  hold  its  sessions  in  the  City  of 
New  Orleans  from  the  first  Monday  in  the  month  of  November  to  the 
end  of  the  month  of  June  in  each  and  every  year.  It  shall  appoint  its 
own  clerks  and  remove  them  at  pleasure. 

The  General  Assembly  shall  make  the  necessary  appropriation  to 
provide  suitable  and  commodious  buildings  for  said  court  and  the  records 
thereof,  and  for  the  care  and  maintenance  of  the  State  library  therein, 
and  shall  provide  for  the  repair  and  alteration  of  the  building  now  occu- 
pie<l  by  the  court. 

Art.  89.  No  judgment  shall  be  rendered  by  the  Supreme  Court  with- 
out the  concurrence  of  three  justices.  Whenever  three  members  cannot 
concur  in  any  case,  in  consequence  of  the  recusation  of  any  member  or 
members  of  the  court,  or  for  any  other  cause,  the  court  shall  have 
authority  to  call  on  any  judge  or  judges  of  the  Courts  of  Appeals,  or 
District  Courts,  whose  duty  it  shall  be,  when  so  called  upon,  to  sit  in 
such  case. 

Art.  90.  All  judges,  by  virtue  of  their  office,  shall  be  conservators 
of  the  peace  throughout  the  State.  The  style  of  all  process  shall  be  "The 
State  of  Louisiana."  All  prosecutions  shall  be  carried  on  in  the  name 
and  by  the  authority  of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  and  conclude:  "Against 
the  peace  and  dignity  of  the  same." 

Art.  91.  The  judges  of  all  courts,  whenever  practicable,  shall  refer 
to  the  law  by  virtue  of  which  every  definitive  judgment  is  rendered,  and 
in  every  case  they  shall  adduce  the  reasons  on  which  their  judgment  is 
founded.    Son-ico  of  citation  shall  not  be  waived,  nor  judgment  confessed, 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1898.  245 

by  any  document  under  private  signature  executed  prior  to  the  maturity 
of  the  obligation  sued  on. 

Art.  92.  The  decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court  shall  be  reported  under 
the  direction  of  the  court ;  the  publication  thereof  shall  be  let  out  by  con- 
tract to  the  lowest  bidder,  who  need  not  be  a  citizen  of  the  State;  provided, 
that  the  annual  reports  for  the  year  1898  shall  be  published  in  numbers 
and  completed  under  the  present  contract  therefor,  and  the  present 
reporter  shall  remain  in  office  until  February  1st,  1899. 

Concurring  and  dissenting  opinions  shall  not  be  published. 

The  General  Assembly  shall  annually  appropriate  the  sum  of  two 
thousand  dollars  as  salary  of  stenographers  to  be  appointed  by  the  court, 
and  for  the  use  of  the  justices  thereof. 

Art.  93.  The  Supreme  Court  and  each  of  the  justices  thereof  shall 
have  powder  to  issue  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  at  the  instance  of  any  per- 
son in  actual  custody,  in  any  case  where  it  may  have  appellate  jurisdic- 
tion. 

Art.  94.  The  Supreme  Court  shall  have  control  and  general  super- 
vision over  all  inferior  courts.  The  court,  or  any  justice  thereof,  shall 
have  power  to  issue  writs  of  certiorari,  prohibition,  mandamus,  quo  war- 
ranto and  other  remedial  writs. 

Art.  95.  In  all  cases  where  there  is  an  appeal  from  a  judgment 
rendered  on  a  reconventional  demand,  the  appeal  shall  lie  to  the  court 
having  jurisdiction  of  the  main  demand. 

Art.  96.  Except  as  herein  provided,  no  duties  or  functions  shall  ever 
be  attached  by  law  to  the  Supreme  Court,  Courts  of  Appeal  or  District 
Courts,  or  to  the  several  justices,  or  judges  thereof,  except  such  as  are 
judicial,  and  the  said  justices  and  judges  are  prohibited  from  receiving 
any  fees  of  office  or  other  compensation  than  their  salaries  for  any  official 
duty  performed  by  them.  Xo  judicial  powers,  except  as  committing 
magistrates  in  criminal  cases,  shall  be  conferred  on  any  officer  other 
than  those  mentioned  in  this  title,  except  such  as  may  be  necessary  in 
towns  and  cities;  provided,  the  General  Assembly  shall  have  the  power 
to  abolish  justice  of  the  peace  courts  in  wards  containing  cities  of  more 
than  five  thousand  inhabitants,  and  to  create  in  their  stead  courts  with 
such  civil  jurisdiction  as  is  now  vested  in  justices  of  the  peace,  and  with 
criminal  jurisdiction  which  shall  not  extend  beyond  the  trial  of  offenses 
not  punishable  by  imprisonment  at  hard  labor  under  the  laws  of  this 
State  and  of  violations  of  municipal  and  parochial  ordinances  and  the 
holding  of  preliminary  examinations  in  cases  not  capital.  Provided,  the 
compensation  of  the  judges  of  such  courts  shall  be  paid  by  the  parishes 
and  cities  in  which  they  are  established,  in  such  proportion  as  may  be 
provided  by  law. 

attorney  general. 

Art.  97.  There  shall  be  an  Attorney  General  for  the  State,  who 
shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  electors  of  the  State  at  large  every  four 
years.  He  shall  be  learned  in  the  law,  and  shall  have  actually  resided 
and  practiced  law,  as  a  licensed  attorney,  in  the  State  for  five  years  pre- 


246  CONSTITUTION  OF  1898. 

ceding  his  election.     He  shall  receive  a  salary  of  three  thousand  dollars 
per  annum,  payable  monthly  on  his  own  warrant. 

COURTS   OF   APPEAL. 

Art.  98.  The  Courts  of  Appeal,  except  as  otherwise  provided  in 
this  Constitution,  shall  have  appellate  jurisdiction  only,  which  jurisdic- 
tion shall  extend  to  all  cases,  civil  or  probate,  when  the  matter  in  dispute 
or  the  funds  to  be  distributed  shall  exceed  one  hundred  dollars,  exclusive 
of  interest,  and  shall  not  exceed  two  thousand  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest. 

Art.  99.  The  Courts  of  Appeal  shall  remain  as  at  present  consti 
tuted  until  the  first  day  of  July,  1900.  From  and  after  that  date  the 
several  Courts  of  Appeal,  except  as  hereinafter  provided,  shall  consist 
of  one  of  the  judges  of  those  courts  whose  terms  shall  not  have  expired, 
and  who,  with  a  judge  of  the  District  Court  to  be  designated  by  the 
Supreme  Court,  shall  be  assigned  by  the  Supreme  Court  to  that  duty 
throughout  the  State. 

From  and  after  the  first  day  of  July,  1904,  the  Courts  of  Appeal  shall 
be  composed  of  two  district  judges,  to  be  from  time  to  time  designated 
by  the  Supreme  Court,  and  assigned  to  the  performance  of  the  duties 
of  judges  of  said  Courts  of  Appeal ;  provided,  that  no  district  judge  shall 
be  assigned  to  sei-ve  as  a  member  of  the  Court  of  Appeal  for  any  parish 
in  his  own  district;  and,  provided  further,  that  district  judges  shall  be 
paid  their  actual  and  necessary  expenses  when  serving  as  judges  of  the 
Courts  of  Appeal  in  such  manner  as  may  be  provided  by  law. 

Art.  100.  There  shall  be  two  terms  of  the  said  Courts  of  Appeal 
held  in  each  parish  annually,  to  be  fixed  by  the  judges  of  said  courts,  until 
the  first  day  of  July,  1904.  Thereafter  the  terms  of  said  courts  shall 
be  fixed  in  such  manner  as  may  be  provided  by  law. 

Art.  101.  The  judges  of  the  Courts  of  Appeal  shall  have  power  to 
certify  to  the  Supreme  Court  any  question  or  proposition  of  law  arising 
in  any  cause  pending  before  them  concerning  which  they  desire  tho 
instruction  of  that  court  for  its  proper  decision,  and  thereupyon  the 
Supreme  Court  may  either  give  its  instruction  on  the  question  or  propo- 
sition certified  to  it,  which  shall  be  binding  upon  the  Court  of  Appeals  in 
such  case,  or  it  may  require  that  the  whole  record  be  sent  up  foT  its 
consideration,  and  thereupon  shall  decide  the  whole  matter  in  controversy 
in  the  same  manner  as  if  it  had  been  on  appeal  directly  to  the  Supreme 
Court.  It  shall  be  competent  for  the  Supreme  Court  to  require,  by 
certiorari,  or  otherwise,  any  case  to  be  certified  from  the  Courts  of  Appeal 
to  it  for  its  review  and  determination,  with  the  same  power  and  authority 
in  the  case  as  if  it  had  been  carried  directly  by  appeal  to  the  said  court; 
provided  that  the  Supreme  Court  shall  in  no  case  exercise  the  power 
conferred  on  it  by  this  article  unless  the  application  be  made  to  tlie 
court  or  to  one  of  the  justices  thereof,  not  later  than  thirty  days  after 
the  decision  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  has  been  rendered  and  entered. 

Art.  102.     No  judgment  shall  be  rendered  by  the  Courts  of  Appeal 
without  the  concurrence  of  two  judges.    Whenever  there  shall  be  a  dis- 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1898.  247 

agreement  in  the  Courts  of  Appeal  above  provided,  the  court  shall  appoint 
a  district  judge,  or  a  lawyer  having  the  qualifications  of  a  judge  of  the 
court,  to  sit  in  the  case;  and,  in  case  of  the  recusation,  absence  or  dis- 
ability of  one  of  the  judges,  the  other  judge  shall  select  a  judge  or  lawyer 
as  aforesaid  to  sit  in  the  case.  In  the  Court  of  Appeal  for  the  Parish  of 
Orleans,  when  two  judges  cannot  concur  for  any  reason,  the  court  shall 
select  a  district  judge  or  judges  to  sit  in  the  case. 

Art.  103.  All  cases  on  appeal  to  the  Courts  of  Appeal  shall  be 
tried  on  the  original  record,  pleadings  and  evidence. 

Art.  104.  The  rules  of  practice  regulating  appeals  to  and  proceed- 
ings in  the  Supreme  Court  shall  apply  to  appeals  and  proceedings  in 
the  Courts  of  Appeal,  so  far  as  they  may  be  applicable,  until  otherwise 
provided.  The  Courts  of  Appeal  and  each  of  the  judges  thereof  shall 
have  power  to  issue  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  at  the  instance  of  any 
person  in  actual  custody  within  their  respective  circuits. 

They  shall  also  have  authority  to  issue  writs  of  mandamus,  prohibi- 
tion and  certiorari  in  aid  of  their  appellate  jurisdiction. 

Art.  105.  The  several  judges  of  the  Courts  of  Appeal,  as  consti- 
tuted under  the  Constitution  of  1879,  shall  each  receive  a  salary  of  four 
thousand  dollars  per  annum,  payable  monthly  on  his  own  warrant. 

Art.  106.  The  sheriff  of  the  parish  in  which  the  sessions  of  the 
court  are  held  shall  attend  in  person  or  by  deputy  to  execute  the  orders 
of  the  court. 

DISTRICTS    COURTS. 

Art.  107.  The  State  shall  be  divided  into  not  less  than  twenty  nor 
more  than  twenty-nine  judicial  districts,  the  Parish  of  Orleans  excepted. 

Until  otherwise  provided  by  law,  there  shall  be  twenty-nine  districts. 

Art.  108.     The  Parish  of  Caddo  shall  compose  the  first  district. 

The  parishes  of  Bossier  and  Webster  shall  compose  the  second  dis- 
trict. 

The  parishes  of  Claiborne  and  Bienville  shall  compose  the  third 
district. 

The  parishes  of  Union  and  Lincoln  shall  compose  the  fourth  dis- 
trict. 

The  parishes  of  Caldwell,  Jackson  and  Winn  shall  compose  the  fifth 
district. 

The  parishes  of  Ouachita  and  Morehouse  shall  compose  the  sixth 
district. 

The  parishes  of  West  Carroll  and  Richland  shall  compose  the  seventh 
district. 

The  parishes  of  Franklin  and  Catahoula  shall  compose  the  eighth 
district. 

The  parishes  of  Madison  and  East  Carroll  shall  compose  the  ninth 
district. 

The  parishes  of  Concordia  and  Tensas  shall  compose  the  tenth 
district. 


248  CONSTITUTION  OF   1898. 

The  parishes  of  Natchitoches  and  Red  River  shall  compose  the 
eleventh   district. 

The  parishes  of  DeSoto,  Sabine  and  Vernon  shall  compose  the 
tweltfth  district. 

The  parishes  of  Rapides  and  Grant  shall  compose  the  thirteenth 
district. 

Tlie  Parish  of  Avoyelles  shall  compose  the  fourteenth  district. 

The  parishes  of  Calcasieu  and  Cameron  shall  compose  the  fifteenth 
district. 

The  Parish  of  St.  Landry  shall  compose  the  sixteenth  district. 

The  Parish  of  Vermilion  shall  compose  the  seventeenth  district. 

The  parishes  of  Acadia  and  Lafayette  shall  compose  the  eighteenth 
district. 

The  parishes  of  Iberia  and  St.  Martin  shall  compose  the  nineteentli 
district. 

The  parishes  of  Terrebonne  and  Lafourche  shall  compose  the 
twentieth  district. 

The  parishes  of  Iberville,  West  Baton  Rouge  and  Pointe  Coupee  shall 
compose  the  twenty-first  district. 

The  Parish  of  East  Baton  Rouge  shall  compose  the  twenty-second 
district. 

The  Parish  of  St.  Mary  shall  compose  the  twenty-third  district. 

The  parishes  of  East  Feliciana  and  West  Feliciana  shall  compose 
the  twenty-fourth  district. 

The  parishes  of  St.  Helena,  Livingston  and  Tangipahoa  shall  com- 
pose the  twenty-fith  district. 

The  parishes  of  Washington  and  St.  Tammany  shall  compose  the 
twenty-sixth  district. 

The  parishes  of  Ascension,  St.  James  and  Assumption  shall  com- 
pose the  twenty-seveijth  district. 

The  parishes  of  St.  John  the  Baptist,  St.  Charles  and  Jefferson  shall 
compose  the  twenty-eighth  district. 

The  parishes  of  St.  Bernard  and  Plaquemines  shall  compose  the 
twenty-ninth  district. 

The  judges  of  the  first,  sixth,  tenth,  eleventh,  twelfth,  thirteenth. 
fifteenth,  sixteenth,  nineteenth,  twentieth,  twenty-second,  twenty-third, 
twenty-fifth,  tweny-seventh  and  twenty-eighth  districts  shall  each  receive 
a  salary  of  three  thousand  dollars  per  annmn,  and  the  judges  of  the  sec- 
ond, third,  fourth,  ninth,  fourteenth,  eighteenth,  twenty-first,  twenty- 
fourth,  twenty-sixth  and  tw^enty-ninth  districts  shall  each  receive  a  salary 
of  two  thousand  five  hundred  dollars;  the  judges  of  the  fifth,  seventh, 
eighth  and  seventeenth  districts  shall  each  receive  a  salary  of  two  thou- 
sand dollars  per  annum ;  such  salaries  to  be  paid  monthly  on  their  own 
warrants.  Provided  that,  if  the  General  Assembly  at  any  time  reduces 
the  number  of  districts,  as  herein  fixed,  it  shall  have  the  right  to  regrade 
the  salaries  of  the  judges,  but  in  no  case  shall  any  judge  receive  a  salary 
in  excess  of  three  thousand  dollars  per  annimi. 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1898.  240 

Art.  109.  The  District  Courts,  except  in  the  Parish  of  Orleans, 
shall  have  original  jurisdiciiun  in  all  civil  matter&  where  the  amount  in 
dispute  shall  exceed  fifty  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest,  and  in  all  case.s 
where  title  to  real  estate  is  involved,  or  to  office,  or  other  public  position, 
or  civil  or  political  right^s,  and  all  other  cases  where  no  specific  amount 
is  in  contest,  except  as  otherwise  provided  in  this  Constitution.  They 
shall  have  unlimited  and  exclusive  original  jurisdiction  in  all  criminal 
cases,  except  such  as  may  be  vested  in  other  courts  authorized  by  this 
Constitution,  and  in  all  probate  and  succession  matters,  and  where  n 
succession  is  a  party  defendant;  and  in  all  cases  where  the  State,  parish, 
any  municipality  or  other  political  corporation,  is  a  party  defendant, 
regardless  of  the  amount  in  dispute;  and  of  all  proceedings  for  the 
appointment  of  receivers  or  liquidators  of  corporations  or  partnerships; 
and  said  courts  shall  have  authority  to  issue  all  such  writs,  process  and 
orders  as  may  be  necessary  or  proper  for  the  purposes  of  the  jurisdiction 
herein  conferred  upon  theni.  There  shall  be  one  district  judge  in  each 
judicial  district,  except  in  the  twenty-first  judicial  district,  where,  until 
otherwise  provided  by  law,  there  shall  be  two  district  judges,  who  shall 
not  be  residents  of  the  same  parish.  District  judges  shall  be  elected 
by  a  plurality  of  the  qualified  voters  of  their  respective  districts,  in 
which  they  shall  have  been  actual  residents  for  two  years  next  preced- 
ing their  election ;  provided,  one  year's  residence  only  in  the  district  shall 
be  required  for  the  first  election  under  this  Constitution.  They  shall  be 
learned  in  the  law  and  shall  have  practiced  law  in  the  State  five  years 
previous   to   their   election. 

The  first  district  judges  under  this  Constitution  shall  be  elected 
at  the  general  State  election  in  1900,  and  shall  hold  ofiice  until  their 
successors  are  elected  at  the  election  on  the  Tuesday  after  the  first 
Monday  in  November,  1904,  at  which  time  and  every  four  years  there- 
after district  judges  shall  be  elected  for  terms  of  four  years. 

Vacancies  occasioned  by  death,  resignation,  or  otherwise,  shall  be 
filled  for  the  unexpired  term  by  appointment  by  the  Governor,  with  the 
advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate. 

Art.  110.  The  General  Assembly  shall  not  have  power  to  increase 
the  number  of  district  judges  ift  any  district. 

Art.  111.  The  Distinct  Courts  shall  have  jurisdiction  of  appeah 
from  justices  of  the  peace  in  all  civil  matters,  regardless  of  the  amount 
in  dispute,  and  from  all  orders  requiring  a  peace  bond.  Persons  sen- 
tenced to  a  fine  or  imprisonment,  by  Mayors  or  Recorders,  shall  be  entitled 
to  an  appeal  to  the  District  Court  of  the  parish,  upon  giving  security  for 
fine  and  costs  of  court,  and  in  such  cases  trial  shall  be  de  novo  and  with- 
out juries. 

Art.  112.  The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  by  law  for  the  inter- 
change of  district  judges;  and  also  for  the  trial  of  recused  cases  in  the 
District  Courts  by  the  selection  of  licensed  attorneys  at  law,  by  an 
interchange  of  judges  or  otherwise.  Whenever  any  district  judge  is 
prevented,  by  disability  or  any  other  cause  whatever,  from  holding  his 


250  CONSTITUTION   OF   1898. 

court,  and  that  fact  is  made  to  appear  by  the  certificate  of  the  clerk, 
under  the  seal  of  the  court,  to  the  Supreme  Court,  or  to  any  justice 
thereof,  if,  in  the  judgment  of  the  court,  or  any  justice,  the  public  inter- 
est so  requires,  the  court  or  such  justice  shall  designate  and  appoint  any 
district  judge  of  any  other  district  to  hold  said  court  and  discharge  all 
the  judicial  duties  of  the  judge  so  disabled  during  said  disability.  Such 
appointment  shall  be  filed  in  the  clerk's  oifice  and  entered  on  the  minutes 
of  said  District  Court,  and  a  certified  copy  thereof,  under  the  seal  of  the 
court,  shall  be  transmitted  by  the  Clerk  of  the  District  Court  to  tlie 
district  judge  so  designated  and  appointed. 

Art.  113.  Wherever  in  this  Constitution  the  qualification  of  any 
justice  or  judge  shall  be  the  previous  practice  of  lavp  for  a  term  of  years, 
there  shall  be  included  in  such  term  the  time  such  justice  or  judge  shall 
have  occupied  the  bench  of  any  court  of  record  in  this  State;  provided, 
he  shall  have  been  a  licensed  attorney  for  five  years  before  his  election 
or  appointment. 

Art.  114.  No  judge  of  any  court  of  the  State  shall  be  affected  in  his 
term  of  oflice,  salary  or  jurisdiction  as  to  territory  or  amount,  during  the 
term  or  period  for  which  he  was  elected  or  appointed.  Any  legislation 
so  affecting  any  judge  or  court  shall  take  effect  only  at  the  end  of  the 
term  of  office  of  the  judge  or  judges,  incumbents  of  the  court  or  courts, 
to  which  such  legislation  may  apply  at  the  time  of  its  enactment.  This 
article  shall  not  affect  the  provisions  of  this  Constitution  relative  to 
impeachment  or  removal  from  office. 

Art.  115.  The  district  judges  shall  have  power  to  issue  the  writ  of 
habeas  corpus  at  the  instance  of  any  person  in  actual  custody  in  their 
respective  districts. 

Art.  110.  The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  for  the  selection  of 
competent  and  intelligent  jurors.  All  cases  in  which  the  punishment 
may  not  be  at  hard  labor  shall,  until  otherwise  provided  by  law,  which 
shall  not  be  prior  to  1904,  be  tried  by  the  judge  without  a  jury.  Cases 
in  which  the  punishment  may  be  at  hard  labor  shall  be  tried  by  a  jury 
of  five,  all  of  whom  must  concur  to  render  a  verdict;  cases  in  which  the 
punishment  is  necessarily  at  hard  labor,  by  a  jury  of  twelve,  nine  of 
whom  concurring  may  render  a  verdict;  cases  in  which  the  punishment 
may  be  capital,  by  a  jury  of  twelve,  all  of  whom  must  concur  to  render 
a  verdict. 

Art.  117.  District  Courts  shall  hold  continuous  sessions  during  ten 
months  of  the  year.  In  districts  composed  of  more  than  one  parish,  the 
judge  shall  sit  alternately  4n  each  parish,  as  the  public  business  may 
require.  TTntil  otherwise  provided  by  law,  judgments  shall  be  signed  after 
three  days  from  the  rendition  thereof,  and  become  executory  ten  days 
from   such   signing. 

The  Oenornl  Assembly  shall  provide  for  the  drawing  of  juries  for 
the  trial  of  civil  and  criminal  cases.  A  grand  jury  of  twelve,  nine  of 
whom  must  concur  to  fined  an  indictment,  shall  be  empaneled  in  each 
parish  twice  in  each  year,  and  shall  remain  in  office  until  a  succeeding 


'     CONSTITUTION  OF  1898.  251 

grand  jury  is  empaneled;  except  in  the  Parish  of  Cameron,  in  which 
at  least  one  grand  jury  shall  be  empaneled  each  year.  The  district  judges 
shall  have  authority  to  try  at  any  time  all  misdemeanors,  and,  when  the 
jury  is  waived,  all  cases  not  necessarily  punishable  at  hard  labor,  and 
to  receive  pleas  of  guilty  in  cases  less  than  capital. 

The  provisions  of  this  article  shall  go  into  effect  upon  the  adoption 
of  this  Constitution. 

Art.  118.  The  District  Courts,  as  created  and  now  existing  under 
the  Constitution  of  1879  in  the  various  parishes  of  the  State,  as  now 
apportioned  under  existing  laws,  shall  remain  undisturbed  until  the 
organization  of  the  District  Courts  created  by  this  Constitution  after 
the  general  election  of  1900,  and  the  judges  thereof  shall  receive  salaries 
as  now  fixed. 

SHERIFFS   AND   CORONERS. 

Art.  119.  There  shall  be  a  sheriff  and  a  coroner  elected  by  the 
qualified  voters  of  each  parish  in  the  State,  except  in  the  Parish  of 
Orleans,  who  shall  be  elected  at  the  general  election  and  hold  office  for 
four  years. 

The  coroner,  except  in  the  Parish  of  Orleans,  shall  act  for  and  in 
place  of  the  sheriff  whenever  the  sheriff  shall  be  a  party  interested  and 
whenever  there  shall  be  a  vacancy  in  the  office  of  sheriff,  until  such 
vacancy  shall  be  filled;  but  he  shall  not,  during  such  vacancy,  discharge 
the  duties  of  tax  collector.  The  sheriff,  except  in  the  Parish  of  Orleans, 
shall  be  ex-officio  collector  of  State  and  parish  taxes. 

He  shall  give  separate  bonds  for  the  faithful  performance  of  his 
duty  in  each  capacity.  Until  otherwise  provided,  the  bonds  shall  be 
given  according  to  existing  laws. 

Sheriffs  elected  or  appointed  shall  furnish  bond  within  thirty  days 
from  the  date  of  their  commissions,  in  default  of  which  the  office  shall 
be  declared  vacant  and  the  Governor  shall  appoint  for  the  remainder  of 
the  term. 

Art.  120.  The  sheriff  shall  receive  compensation  from  the  parish 
for  his  services  in  criminal  matters — the  keeping  of  prisoners,  conveying 
convicts  to  the  penitentiary,  insane  persons  to  the  insane  asylum,  service 
of  process  from  another  parish,  and  service  of  process  or  the  performance 
of  any  duty  beyond  the  limits  of  his  own  parish  excepted — not  to  exceed 
five  hundred  dollars  per  annum  for  each  Representative  the  parish  may 
have  in  the  House  of  Representatives. 

The  compensation  of  sheriffs  as  tax  collectors  shall  not  exceed  five 
per  cent,  on  all  sums  collected  and  paid  over;  provided,  that  they  shall 
not  be  discharged  as  tax  collectors  until  they  make  proof  that  they  have 
exhausted  the  legal  remedies  to  collect  taxes. 

Art.  121.  The  coroner  in  each  parish  shall  be  a  doctor  of  medicine, 
regularly  licensed  to  practice,  and  ex-officio  parish  physician;  provided, 
this  article  shall  not  apply  to  any  parishi  in  which  there  is  no  regularly 
licensed  physician  who  will  accept  the  office. 


252  CONSTITUTION  OF  1898. 

CLERKS. 

Art.  122.  There  shall  be  a  clerk  of  the  District  Court  in  each  parish, 
the  Parish  of  Orleans  excepted,  who  shall  be  ex-officio  clerk  of  the  Coutst 
of  Appeal. 

He  shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  electors  of  the  parish  every  four 
years,  and  shall  be  ex-officio  parish  recorder  of  conveyances,  mortgages 
and  other  acts,  and  notary  public. 

He  shall  receive  no  compensation  from  the  State  or  parish  for  hia 
services  in  criminal  matters. 

He  shall  give  bond  and  securtiy  for  the  faithful  performance  of  his 
duties  in  such  amount  as  shall  be  fixed  by  the  General  Assembly. 

Art.  123.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  power  to  vest  in  clerks 
of  court  authority  to  grant  such  orders  and  to  do  such  acts  as  may  be 
deemed  necessary  for  the  furtherance  of  the  administration  of  justice; 
and  in  all  cases  the  powers  thus  vested  shall  be  specified  and  determined. 

Art.  124.  Clerks  of  District  Courts  may  appoint,  with  the  approval 
of  the  district  judges,  deputies  with  such  powers  as  shall  be  prescribed  by 
law;  and  the  General  Assembly  shall  have  power  to  provide  for  continuing 
one  or  more  of  them  in  office  in  the  event  of  any  vacancy  in  the  office  of 
clerk,  until  his  successor  shall  have  been  appointed  and  duly  qualified. 

district  attorneys. 

Art.  125.  There  shall  be  a  District  Attorney  for  each  judicial  dist- 
rict in  the  State,  who  shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  electors  of  the 
judicial  district  at  the  same  time  and  for  the  same  term  as  is  provided 
in  Article  109  for  district  judges.  He  shall  receive  a  salary  of  one  thou- 
sand dollars  per  annum,  payable  monthly  on  his  own  warrant.  He  shall 
be  an  actual  resident  of  the  district  and  a  licensed  attorney  in  this  State. 

He  shall  also  receive  fees;  but  no  fee  shall  be  allowed  in  criminal 
cases,  except  on  conviction,  which  fees  shall  not  exceed  five  dollars  in 
cases  of  misdemeanor. 

Any  vacancy  in  the  office  of  District  Attorney  shall  be  filled  by 
appointment  by  the  Governor  for  the  unexpired  term. 

JUSTICES   OF   THE   PEACE. 

Art.  126.  In  each  parish,  the  Parish  of  Orleans  excepted,  there  shall 
be  as  many  justices  of  the  peace  as  may  be  provided  by  law.  The  present 
number  of  justices  of  the  peace  shall  remain  as  now  fixed  until  otherwise 
provided.  They  shall  be  freeholders  and  qualified  electors  and  possess  such 
other  qualifications  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law.  They  shall  be  elected  for 
the  term  of  four  years  by  the  qualified  voters  within  the  territorial  limits 
of  their  jurisdiction. 

They  shall  have  exclusive  original  jurisdiction  in  all  civil  matters, 
when  the  amount  in  dispute  shall  not  exceed  fifty  dollars,  exclusive  of 
interest  and  original  jurisdiction  concurrent  with  the  District  Court  when 
the  amount  in  dispute  shall  exceed  fifty  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest,  and 


CONSTITUTION  OF   1898.  253 

shall  not  exceed  one  hundred  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest;  including  suite 
I'or  the  ownership  or  possession  of  movable  property  not  exceeding  said 
amounts  in  value,  and  suits  by  landlords  for  possession  of  leased  prem- 
ises, when  the  monthly  or  yearly  rent,  or  the  rent  for  the  unexpired  term 
of  the  lease  does  not  exceed  said  amounts.  They  shall  have  no  jurisdiction 
in  succession  or  probate  matters,  or  when  a  succession  is  a  defendant,  or 
when  the  State,  parish  or  any  municipality  or  other  political  corporation, 
is  a  party  defendant,  or  when  title  to  real  estate  is  involved.  They  shall 
receive  such  fees  in  civil  matters  as  may  be  fixed  by  law.  They  shall  have 
criminal  jurisdiction  as  committing  magistrates,  and  shall  have  power  to 
bail  or  discharge  in  cases  not  capital  or  necessarily  punishable  at  hard 
labor.  The  General  Assembly  may  by  general  or  special  laws  invest  jus- 
tices of  the  peace  in  general  or  in  any  particular  parish  or  parishes  with 
criminal  jurisdiction  over  misdemeanors  to  be  tried  with  a  jury  composed 
of  not  more  than  five  nor  less  than  three  persons,  in  such  manner  as  may 
be  provided  by  law,  with  the  right  of  appeal  to  the  District  Court  in  all 
cases,  not  appealable  to  the  Supreme  Court,  as  hereinbefore  provided,  for. 

CONSTABLES. 

Art.  127.  There  shall  be  a  constable  for  the  court  of  each  justice  of 
the  peace  in  the  several  parishes  of  the  State,  who  shall  be  elected  for  a 
term  of  four  years,  by  the  qualified  voters  within  the  territorial  limits  of 
the  jurisdiction  of  the  several  justices  of  the  peace.  They  shall  receive 
such  fees  in  civil  matters  as  may  be  fixed  by  law. 

Art.  128.  Justices  of  the  peace  and  constables  shall  receive  no  fees 
in  criminal  matters,  including  peace  bond  cases,  but,  in  lieu  thereof  such 
salaries  as  may  be  fixed  by  the  police  jury,  and  paid  by  the  parish,  which 
salaries  shall  be  graded. 

Art.  129.  The  General  Assembly,  at  its  first  session  after  this  Con- 
stitution is  adopted,  shall  provide  a  general  fee  bill,  or  bill  of  costs,  regu- 
lating and  fixing  the  fees  and  compensation  allowed  sheriffs,  clerks  and 
recorders,  justices  of  the  peace,  constables  and  coroners,  in  all  civil  mat- 
ters. The  General  Assembly  may  provide  in  all  civil  cases  for  the  service 
of  process  and  pleadings  by  the  litigants  themselves. 

COURTS  AND  OFFICERS  FOR  THE  PARISH  OF  ORLEANS,  AND  CITY  OF  NEW  ORLEANS. 

Art.  130.  Except  as  herein  otherwise  provided,  the  judicial  officers  of 
the  Parish  of  Orleans,  and  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  shall  be  learned  in 
the  law,  and  shall  have  resided  and  practiced  law  or  shall  have  held  judi- 
cial positions  in  the  State  for  five  years,  and  shall  have  been  actual  resi- 
dents of  the  City  of  New  Orleans  for  at  least  two  years  next  preceding 
their  election  or  appointment. 

Art.  131.  There  shall  be  a  Court  of  Appeals,  to  be  known  and  desig- 
nated as  the  Court  of  Appeal  for  the  Parish  of  Orleans,  which  shall  be 
composed  of  three  judges,  who  shall  be  learned  in  the  law  and  who  shall 
have  practiced  law  in  this  State  for  six  years,  and  shall  have  been  resi- 
dents of  one  of  the  parishes  hereinafter  named  for  at  least  two  years  next 


254  CONSTITUTION   OF   1898. 

preceding  their  election  or  appointment,  and  they  shall  be  elected  by  the 
qualified  electors  of  the  said  parishes.  Said  Court  shall  sit  in  the  City  of 
i\'evv  Orleans,  and  shall  hold  its  session  from  the  second  Monday  of  Octo- 
ber until  the  end  of  the  month  of  June  in  each  year.  Said  Court,  until 
the  hrst  day  of  August,  190U,  shall  be  composed  of  the  present  judges 
thereof,  and  a  third  judge,  who  shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  voters  of 
the  Parish  of  Orleans,  at  the  Congressional  election  in  the  year  1898,  and 
who  shall  serve  in  said  Court  until  the  1st  of  August,  1900.  His  successor 
shall  be  elected  for  a  term  of  eight  years  from  that  date,  at  the  general 
State  election  of  1900.  On  August  1,  1900,  the  judge  of  the  Court  of 
Appeal  for  the  Fifth  Circuit,  as  established  under  the  Constitution  of 
1879,  who  was  elected  in  the  year  1890,  shall  become  a  member  of  the 
Court  of  Appeal  for  the  Parish  of  Orleans,  and  together  with  the  judge  of 
that  Court  elected  in  1896,  shall  serve  until  the  election  of  their  succes- 
sors at  the  Congressional  election  of  1904.  At  that  election  one  judge  of 
said  court  shall  be  elected  for  a  term  of  six  years,  and  one  for  a  term  of 
eight  years,  and  thereafter  all  elections  for  judges  of  said  court  shall  be 
for  terms  of  eight  years. 

Vacancies  occasioned  by  death,  resignation,  or  otherwise,  shall  be 
filled  for  the  unexpired  terms  by  appointment  by  the  Governor,  with  the 
advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate. 

The  judges  of  said  court  shall  each  receive  a  salary  of  four  thousand 
dollars  per  annum,  payable  monthly  on  his  own  warrant. 

After  August  1,  1900,  in  addition  to  those  from  the  Parish  of  Orleans, 
all  appeals  within  its  jurisdiction  from  the  Parishes  of  Jefferson,  St. 
Charles,  Plaquemines  and  St.  Bernard,  shall  be  returnable  to  said  court, 
and  the  costs  of  filing  same  shall  not  exceed  five  dollars  in  each  case. 

All  cases  pending  and  undetermined  on  said  date  in  the  Courts  of 
Appeal  as  now  constituted,  from  said  parishes,  shall  be  transferred  to  said 
Court  of  Appeal  for  the  Parish  of  Orleans  without  cost  to  the  parties. 

There  shall  be  a  clerk  of  said  Court  of  Appeal,  who  shall  be  elected  by 
the  qualified  voters  of  said  parishes  for  a  term  of  four  years;  he  shall  be 
entitled  to  charge  and  retain  as  his  compensation  such  fees  as  may  be 
allowed  by  law.  The  first  election  for  said  clerk  shall  be  held  in  the  year 
1899,  at  the  time  the  parochial  and  municipal  elections  are  held  in  the 
City  of  New  Orleans;  said  clerk  shall  appoint,  if  necessary,  deputy  clerks, 
and  shall  fix  and  pay  their  salaries;  he  shall  give  bond  in  the  sum  of  five 
thousand  dollars,  which  bond  shall  be  examined  in  open  court  by  the 
judges  of  the  court,  and  all  testimony  given  in  said  examination  shall  be 
reduced  to  writing  and  made  of  record;  he  may  be  removed  by  the  court 
for  the  same  causes  and  in  the  same  manner  as  is  hereinafter  provided  for 
the  clerk  of  th('  Civil  District  Court  for  the  Parish  of  Orleans;  he  may  act 
as  minute  clerk  of  the  court,  or  appoint  a  deputy  to  that  position. 

Said  Court  of  Appeal  for  the  Parish  of  Orleans  shall  hereafter  have 
appellate  jurisdiction  from  the  city_courts  of  New  Orleans,  as  now  con- 
stituted, under  the  same  conditions  as  hereinafter  provided  for  appeals 
Irom  the  city  courts  to  be  organized  under  this  Constitution. 


CONSTITUTION   OF   1898.  255 

Art.  132.  There  shall  be  two  District  Courts  for  the  Parish  of  Or- 
leans and  no  more.  One  of  said  courts  shall  be  known  as  the  Civil  District 
Court,  and  the  other  as  the  Criminal  District  Court.  For  the  Civil  Dis- 
trict Court  there  shall  be  nut  less  than  five  judges,  and  for  the  Criminal 
District  Court  not  less  than  two  judges,  who  shall  be  elected  by  a  plurality 
of  the  qualified  electors  of  the  Parish  of  Orleans  for  the  term  of  twelve 
years,  and  who  shall  each  receive  an  annual  salary  of  four  thousand  dol- 
lars, payable  upon  his  own  warrant,  in  equal  monthly  instalments. 

Art.  133.  The  Civil  District  Court  shall  have  exclusive  and  general 
original  probate  jurisdiction,  and  exclusive  original  civil  jurisdiction,  in 
all  cases  where  the  amount  in  dispute  or  the  fund  to  be  distributed,  shall 
exceed  one  hundred  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest ;  and  exclusive  jurisdic- 
tion in  suits  by  married  women  for  separation  of  property,  in  suits  for  sep- 
aration from  bed  and  board,  for  divorce,  for  nullity  of  marriage,  or  for 
interdiction,  and  in  suits  involving  title  to  immovable  property,  or  to 
office  or  other  public  position,  or  civil  or  political  rights;  and  in  all  other 
cases,  except  as  hereinafter  provided,  where  no  specific  amount  is  in  con- 
test, and  of  all  proceedings  for  the  appointment  of  receivers  or  liquidators 
to  corporations  or  partnerships.  And  said  court  shall  have  authority  to 
issue  all  such  writs,  process  and  orders  as  may  be  necessary  or  proper  for 
the  purposes  of  the  jurisdiction  herein  conferred  upon  it. 

Art.  134.  All  cases  after  being  filed  in  said  Civil  District  Court 
shall  be  allotted  or  assigned,  among  the  judges  thereof,  and,  except  as 
herein  otherwise  provided,  each  judge,  or  his  successor,  shall  have  exclu- 
sive control  over  every  case  allotted  or  assigned  to  him,  from  its  inception 
to  its  final  determination  in  said  court.  In  case  of  vacancy  in  the  office, 
recusation,  absence  or  disability  of  a  judge,  to  whom  a  case  has  been 
allotted  or  assigned,  or  in  case  such  action  is  deemed  advisable  in  the 
proper  administration  of  justice,  or  of  the  business  of  the  court,  such  case 
may  be  re-allotted  or  re-assigned,  or  without  such  re-allotment  or  re-as- 
signment, but,  under  rules  to  be  adopted,  it  may  be  taken  in  charge  by 
another  judge  of  said  court,  and  the  judge  to  whom  a  case  is  thus  re-al- 
lotted, or  re-assigned,  or  by  whom  it  is  thus  taken  in  charge,  shall  be 
authorized  to  act  therein  for  all  purposes  as  though  such  case  had  been 
originally  allotted  or  assigned  to  him.  Previous  to  the  allotment  or 
assignment  of  a  case,  any  judge  of  said  court  may,  for  the  purposes  of 
such  case,  make  interlocutory  orders,  and  issue  and  grant  conservatory 
writs  and  executory  process.  Applications  for  naturalization,  for  eman- 
cipation, and  by  married  women  for  authorization,  when  there  is  consent 
given  and  no  issue  joined,  or  where  there  is  no  contest,  suits  for  nullity, 
and  for  revival  of  judgment,  and  suits  in  which  is  claimed  an  interest  in 
property  or  funds  as  to  which  a  particular  judge  has  acquired  jurisdic- 
tion, need  not  be  allotted  or  especially  assigned,  but  shall  be  controlled 
by  law  or  by  rules  to  be  adopted  by  the  court. 

Art.  135.     Judgments  homologating  accounts,  which  have  been  duly 
advertised,  when  not  opposed,  or  so  far  as  not  opposed,  may  be  rendered 


256  CONSTITUTION   OF   1898. 

and  signed  either  in  term  time  or  vacation;  and  by  any  judge,  in  the 
absence  or  disability  of  the  judge  to  whom  the  case  has  been  allotted. 

Art.  136.  The  judges  of  said  Civil  District  Court  shall  be  author- 
ized to  adopt  rules,  not  in  conflict  with  law,  regulating  the  allotment, 
assignment  and  disposition  of  cases,  the  order  in  which  they  shall  be 
tried,  and  the  proceedings  in  such  trials,  and  to  sit  en  banc  for  the  pur- 
pose of  testing  the  bonds  and  sureties  of  the  clerk  of  the  court,  the 
recorder  of  mortgages,  the  register  of  conveyances,  and  the  civil  sheriff; 
for  the  trial  and  removal  of  the  clerk  and  civil  sheriff,  or  either  of  them, 
for  the  selection  of  jurors,  and  in  other  cases  when  the  action  of  the  court 
as  a  whole  is  required.  When  sitting  en  banc  the  judge  who  has  been 
longest  in  continuous  service  in  said  court,  and  in  his  absence  the  judge 
longest  in  service  of  those  present,  shall  preside;  and  when  a  certificate 
or  authentication  from  the  court  is  required  such  judge  shall  be 
authorized  to  sign  the  same  as  presiding  judge.  The  court  niay,  by  its 
rules,  grant  the  presiding  judge  further  authority  not  in  conflict  with 
these  provisions.  Provided,  that  in  rendering  judgments  en  banc,  the 
court  shall  conform,  as  far  as  practicable,  to  the  rules  and  practice  of  the 
Supreme  Court. 

Art.  137.  There  shall  be  one  clerk  for  the  Civil  District  Court,  who, 
until  the  election  and  induction  into  office  of  the  clerk  of  the  Court  of 
Appeal,  provided  for  in  Article  131,  shall  be  ex-officio  clerk  of  the  Court 
of  Appeal  for  the  Parish  of  Orleans,  and  shall  be  elected  by  the  voters  of 
said  parish  for  the  term  of  four  years.  His  qualifications  and  duties, 
except  as  herein  provided,  shall  be  as  fixed  by  law;  he  shall  furnish  bond 
in  the  sum  of  twenty  thousand  dollars,  which  bond  shall  be  examined  by 
the  court,  and  all  testimony  given  in  such  examination  shall  be  reduced 
to  writing  and  filed  of  record  in  the  court.  He  shall  charge  and  collect 
the  fees  prescribed  by  the  General  Assembly,  and  shall  dispose  of  the 
same  as  hereinafter  provided ;  the  amount  of  his  compensation  shall  be 
three  thousand  six  hundred  dollars  per  annum. 

Said  clerk  shall  be  authorized,  with  the  approval  of  the  judges 
of  the  Civil  District  Court,  to  appoint  such  deputies  and  other 
assistants,  at  salaries  not  to  exceed  those  now  fixed  by  law,  as  in  the  opin- 
ion of  said  judges  are  needed  for  the  efficient  discharge  of  the  duties  of 
his  office;  and  he  may  remove  them  at  pleasure,  or  the  court  may  remove, 
them.  The  Court  of  Appeal  for  the  Parish  of  Orleans,  until  after  the 
clectio'n  of  the  clerk  thereof,  as  hereinbefore  provided,  and  each  judge 
of  the  Civil  District  Court  shall  appoint  one  minute  clerk,  who  shall  be 
sworn  as  deputy  clerk,  and  shall  receive  an' annual  salary  of  eighteen  hun- 
dred dollars  in  equal  monthly  installments;  and  the  said  Court  of  Appeal, 
until  said  elect'or;,  shall  also  have  the  right  to  appoint  one  docket  clerk. 

The  minute  clerk  appointed  by  the  judge  of  the  Civil  District  Court 
longest  in  continuous  service  in  said  court,  as  hereinabove  provided,  shall 
be  ex-offirin  minute  clerk  of  the  court  when  sitting  en  banc,  and  shall 
receive,  as  additional  compensation,  three  hundred  dollars  per  annum, 
which  shall  be  paid  in  like  manner  as  his  other  compensation.     The  clerk 


CONSTITUTION  OF   1898.  257 

of  the  Civil  District  Court  shall  be  removable  by  the  judges  of  said  court, 
sitting  en  banc,  upon  proof  after  trial,  without  a  jury,  of  gross  or  con- 
tinued neglect,  incompetency,  or  unlawful  conduct,  operating  injury  to 
the  court  or  to  any  individual,  and  a  majority  of  said  judges  shall  be 
competent  to  render  judgment  in  the  case.  Such  trial  and  the  lodging 
of  complaints  leading  thereto,  shall  be  regulated  by  rules  which  shall  be 
adopted  by  the  judges  of  the  Civil  District  Court  and  of  the  Criminal 
District  Court  in  joint  session. 

Art.  138.  The  Civil  District  Court  shall  select  a  solvent,  incorpo- 
rated bank  in  New  Orleans  as  a  judicial  depository,  in  which,  unless  other- 
wise ordered  by  the  court,  shall  be  deposited  all  money  as  soon  as  the 
same  shall  come  into  the  hands  of  the  clerk  or  sheriff,  and  such  deposits 
shall  not  be  removed  in  whole  or  in  part  without  an  order  from  the  judge 
seized  with  jurisdiction. 

Art.  139.  The  Criminal  District  Court  shall  have  exclusive  origi- 
nal jurisdiction  for  the  trial  and  punishment  of  all  offenses  when  the 
penalty  of  death,  imprisonment  at  hard  labor,  or  imprisonment  without 
hard  labor  for  any  time  exceeding  six  months,  of  a  fine  exceeding  three 
hundred  dollars  may  be  imposed,  and  appellate  jurisdiction  in  all  cases 
tried  before  the  City  Criminal  Courts  or  Eecorders'  Courts  of  New  Or- 
leans, which  cases  shall  be  appealable  on  the  law  and  the  facts,  and  shall  be 
tried  on  the  record  and  the  evidence  as  made  and  offered  in  the  lower  court. 
Provided,  that  until  the  General  Assembly  shall  enact  a  law  grading  of- 
fenses, said  court  shall  have  general  criminal  jurisdiction  extending  to  all 
cases  arising  in  the  Parish  of  Orleans,  the  jurisdiction  of  which  is  not 
vested  by  law  or  by  this  Constitution  in  some  other  court.  Said  court  shall 
have  general  and  supervisory  jurisdiction  over  all  inferior  State  and  mu- 
nicipal Criminal  Courts  in  the  Parish  of  Orleans,  and  shall  have  authority 
to  issue  writs  of  habeas  corpus,  in  criminal  and  quasi-criminal  cases,  and 
such  other  writs  and  orders  as  may  be  necessary  or  proper  in  aid  of  the 
jurisdiction  conferred  upon  it;  and  to  adopt  rules  not  in  conflict  with 
law,  regulating  the  order  of  preference,  and  proceedings  in  the  trial  of 
cases,  and  the  method  of  allotting  or  assigning  such  cases,  and  of  re-allot- 
ting and  re-assigning  them,  in  case  of  vacancy  in  the  office,  recusation, 
absence  or  disability  of  one  or  more  of  the  judges,  or  in  case  such  action 
is  deemed  necessary  for  the  proper  administration  of  justice.  All  prose- 
cutions instituted  in,  and  all  cases  appealed  to  said  Criminal  District 
Court  shall  be  equally  allotted  or  assigned  by  classes  among  the  judges, 
and  each  judge,  or  his  successor,  shall  have  exclusive  control  over  any 
case  allotted  or  assigned  to  him,  from  its  inception  to  its  final  determina- 
tion in  said  court,  except  as  herein  otherwise  provided. 

There  shall  be  one  clerk  for  the  Criminal  District  Court,  who  shall 
be  elected  by  the  voters  of  the  Parish  of  Orleans,  for  the  term  of  four 
years.  His  qualifications  and  duties,  except  as  herein  provided,  shall  be 
as  fixed  by  law.  He  shall  furnish  bonds  in  the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dol- 
lars, which  bond  shall  be  examined  by  the  court,  in  like  manner  as  the 
bond  of  the  clerk  of  the  Civil  District  Court.    Pie  shall  receive  an  annual 


25S  CONSTITUTION  OP  1898. 

salary  of  three  thousand  dollars,  which  shall  be  paid  by  the  City  of  New 
Orleans,  in  equal  monthly  instalments,  and  he  shall  receive  no  other 
compensation.  lie  shall  appoint,  with  the  approval  of  the  court,  such 
deputies,  at  such  salaries,  as  may  be  fixed  by  law.  Said  deputies  may 
be  removed  at  the  pleasure  of  the  clerk  of  the  court,  and  their  salaries 
shall  be  paid  by  the  City  of  New  Orleans. 

Each  judge  of  said  court  shall  appoint  a  minute  clerk,  who  shall  be 
sworn  as  a  deputy  clerk,  and  shall  receive  an  annual  salary  of  eighteen 
hundred  dollars,  which  shall  be  paid  by  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  in  the 
same  manner  as  the  salary  of  the  clerk.  One  of  the  said  minute  clerks, 
to  be  designated  by  the  judge  longest  in  continuous  service  in  said  court, 
shall  be  ex-officio  minute  clerk  of  said  court  when  sitting  en  hanc,  and 
shall  receive,  as  additional  compensation,  three  hundred  dollars  per 
annum,  which  shall  be  paid  in  like  manner  as  his  other  compensation.  The 
said  clerk  shall  be  removable  by  the  judges  of  the  Criminal  District  Court 
for  the  causes,  and  in  the  manner  prescribed  for  the  removal  of  the  clerk 
of  the  Civil  District  Court. 

Art.  140.  There  shall  be  in  the  City  of  New  Orleans  two  inferior 
criminal  courts,  to  be  known  respectively  as  the  First  City  Criminal 
Court  and  the  Second  City  Criminal  Court,  each  of  which  shall  be  pre- 
sided over  by  one  judge,  and  which  shall  have  jurisdiction  within  the  ter- 
ritory hereinafter  prescribed,  for  the  trial  and  punishment,  without 
juries,  and  subject  to  appeal  to  the  Criminal  District  Court,  of  all  offenses 
against  the  State  where  the  penalty  does  not  exceed  six  months'  impris- 
onment in  the  parish  jail,  or  a  fine  of  three  hundred  dollars,  or  both;  in 
all  other  cases  the  judges  of  said  courts  shall  have  jurisdiction  as  com- 
mitting magistrates,  with  authority  to  bail  or  discharge. 

The  territorial  jurisdiction  of  the  First  City  Criminal  Court  shall 
extend  over  the  First,  Fourth,  Sixth  and  Seventh  Municipal  Districts  of 
the  City  of  Now  Orleans;  and  of  the  Second  City  Criminal  Court,  over 
the  Second,  Third  and  Fifth  Municipal  Districts  of  said  city. 

Said,  judges  shall  he  elected  by  the  voters  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans, 
at  large,  for  the  term  of  four  years;  the  first  election,  therefor,  shall  be 
held  at  the  Congressional  election  in  November,  1898,  and  the  judges  then 
elected  shall  serve  until  May  1st.  1900,  and  their  successors  shall  be 
elected  at  the  parochial  and  municipal  election  in  the  year  1899.  They 
shall  be  learned  in  the  law,  and  shall  have  resided  and  practiced  as  attor- 
neys in  the  City  of  New  Orleans  for  not  less  than  three  years  before 
their  election  or  appointment.  The  judges  of  said  courts  shall  each 
receive  a  yearly  compensation  of  three  thousand  dollars,  payable  monthly 
on  his  own  warrant.  Each  judge  shall  appoint  a  clerk  and  such  deputies 
as  may  be  authorized  by  law,  at  salaries  not  exceeding  twelve  hundred 
dollars  per  annum,  except  one  deputy,  who  shall  be  a  stenographer,  and 
who  may  receive  a  salary  not  exceeding  fifteen  hundred  dollars  per 
annum,  to  bo  paid  in  monthly  instalments,  by  the  City  of  New  Orleans. 

Art.  141.  The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  for  Recorders' 
Courts  in  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  to  be  presided  over  by  magistrates,  who 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1898.  259 

need  not  be  attorneys  at  law,  but  such  courts  shall  have  no  jurisdiction 
except  for  the  trial  of  offenses  against  city  ordinances. 

Akt.  142.  There  shall  be  a  civil  and  a  criminal  sheriff  for  the  Par- 
ish of  Orleans,  who  shall  be  elected  by  the  voters  of  said  parish  for  the 
term  of  four  years.  Their  qualifications  and  duties  other  than  as  herein 
provided,  shall  be  prescribed  by  law.  Each  of  said  sheriffs  shall  executo 
an  ofiicial  bond,_the  civil  sheriff  in  the  sum  of  fifty  thousand  dollars,  and 
the  crimixial  sheriff  in  the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars;  and  the  bonds  of 
said  ftheriifs  respectively  shall  be  examined  in  open  court  by  the  judges 
of  the  District  Court  which  he  serves,  and  all  testimony  given  in  such 
examinations  shall  be  reduced  to  writing  and  made  of  record  in  said 
court.  The  civil  sheriff  shall  be  executive  olficer  of  all  the  Civil  Courts 
in  the  Parish  of  Orleans,  except  the  City  Courts;  and  the  criminal  sher- 
iff shall  be  the  executive  officer  of  all  the  Criminal  Courts  in  said  parish. 

The  civil  sheriff  shall  appoint  as  many  deputies  as  in  his  opinion  are 
needed  for  the  efficient  discharge  of  the  duties  of  his  office;  but  after 
May  1st,  1900,  the  Court  of  Appeal  for  the  Parish  of  Orleans  and  each 
judge  of  the  Civil  District  Court  shall  name  one  deputy  to  be  so  appointed, 
who  shall  serve  as  crier  in  said  court,  and  in  the  divisions  presided  over  by 
said  judges  respectively,  and  who  shall  each  receive  a  salary  of  six  hundred 
dollars  per  annum  to  be  paid  by  the  sheriff.  When  not  engaged  in  court 
they  shall  perform  such  duties  as  the  sheriff  may  require. 

The  civil  sheriff  shall  receive  as  compensation  such  fees  as  may  be 
now  or  hereafter  allowed  by  law,  and  shall  pay  his  deputies  and  all 
expenses  of  his  office. 

The  civil  sheriff  shall  pay  the  sum  of  two  thousand  dollars  annually 
in  quarterly  instalments  to  the  City  of  New  Orleans  for  the  fund  for  pay- 
ment and  redemption  of  judicial  fund  warrants  and  certificates  herein- 
after provided  for.  In  cases  where  the  said  sheriff  is  a  party  in  interest 
the  criminal  sheriff,  or  one  of  his  deputies,  shall  act.  The  criminal  sher- 
iff shall  receive  an  annual  salary  of  three  thousand  six  hundred  dollars 
per  annum,  which  shall  be  paid  by  the  City  of  New  Orleans  in  equal 
monthly  instahnents,  and  he  shall  receive  no  other  compensation ;  he  shall 
appoint,  with  the  approval  of  the  judges  of  the  Criminal  District  Court 
for  the  Parish  of  Orleans,  as  many  deputies  as  in  the  opinion  of  said 
judges  are  needed  for  the  efficient  discharge  of  the  duties  of  his  office, 
and  the  salaries  of  such  deputies  shall  be  fixed  by  the  Council  of  the  City 
of  New  Orleans,  and  paid  in  like  manner  as  his  own.  Each  judge  of  said 
Criminal  District  Court  shall  name  one  deputy  to  be  so  appointed, 
who  shall  serve  as  crier  in  the  sections  presided  over  by  the  judges  respect- 
ively, and  shall  each  receive  a  salary  of  one  thousand  dollars  per  annum. 
When  not  engaged  in  court  they  shall  perform  such  other  duties  as  the 
sheriff  may  require. 

The  criminal  sheriff  shall  account  to  and  settle  with  the  City  of 
New  Orleans  for  all  fines  and  judgments  collected  by  him,  without  deduc- 
tions of  any  kind,  and  all  expenses  of  his  office  shall  be  borne  by  said  cor- 
poration. 


260  CONSTITUTION  OP  1898. 

Art.  143.  There  shall  be  a  First  City  Court  in  New  Orleans,  com- 
posed of  three  judges,  each  of  whom  shall  receive  a  salary  of  twenty-four 
hundred  dollars  per  annum,  payable  monthly  on  liis  own  warrant.  Said 
court  shall  have  exclusive  original  jurisdiction  when  the  defendant  resides 
in  that  part  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Missis- 
sippi river,  in  all  cases  when  the  amount  in  dispute  or  the  fund  to  be  dis- 
tributed does  not  exceed  one  hundred  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest,  includ- 
ing suits  for  the  ownershii)  of  possession  of  movable  property  not  exceed- 
ing that  amount  in  value;  and  suits  by  landlords  for  possession  of  leased 
premises  when  the  monthly  or  yearly  rent,  or  the  rent  for  the  unexpired 
term  of  the  lease  does  not  exceed  that  amount ;  subject  to  an  appeal  in  all 
cases  to  the  Court  of  Appeal  for  the  Parish  of  Orleans.  All  appeals  shall 
be  tried  de  novo,  and  the  judges  of  the  Court  of  Appeal  may  provide  by 
rules  that  one  or  more  of  the  judges  shall  try  such  cases,  which  they  shall 
be  authorized  to  decide  immediately  after  trial,  and  without  written 
opinions. 

.  The  judges  of  said  court  shall  have  authority  to  issue  marriage 
licenses,  and  celebrate  marriages,  subject  to  such  conditions  as  may  be 
imposed  by  law,  and  to  execute  commissions  to  take  testimony,  and  to 
receive  therefor  the  fees  allowed  by  law;  they  shall  adopt  rules  not  in 
conflict  with  law  for  the  fixing  and  trial  of  cases,  and  shall  sit  en  banc,  for 
the  purpose  of  examining  the  bonds  of  the  clerk  and  constable  of  said 
court,  and  for  the  trial  and  removal  of  said  officers,  or  either  of  them,  in 
which  proceedings  they  shall  be  governed  by  the  provisions  of  this  Consti- 
tution as  far  as  they  are  applicable  upon  the  subject  of  the  bond  and  of  the 
trial  and  the  removal  from  office  of  the  clerk  of  the  Civil  District  Court. 

The  City  of  New  Orleans  shall  provide  suitable  accommodations  for 
said  court,  and  cases  filed  in  said  court  shall  be  allotted  equally  to  the 
judges  thereof.  The  pleadings  in  said  court  shall  be  in  writing,  prepared 
by  the  litigants,  or  their  attorneys  or  by  the  clerk. 

Aet.  144.  There  shall  be  one  clerk  for  said  First  City  Court  of  New 
Orleans,  who  shall  furnish  bond  in  the  sum  of  five  thousand  dollars;  his 
(lualiflcations  and  duties,  except  as  herein  provided,  shall  be  determined 
by  law;  his  salaiy  shall  be  eighteen  hundred  dollars  per  annum,  payable 
monthly.  Each  judge  shall  have  the  appointment  of  one  deputy  clerk, 
whose  compensation  shall  not  exceed  twelve  hundred  dollars  per  annum. 
The  clerk  shall  appoint  such  other  deputies  as  may  be  authorized  by  law; 
provided,  that  their  total  compensation  shall  at  no  time  exceed  the  sum  of 
eighteen  hundred  dollars  per  annum. 

Art.  145.  There  shall  be  one  constable  for  said  court,  who  shall  fur- 
nish bond  in  the  sum  of  five  thousand  dollars,  and  who  shall  appoint  such 
deputies  as  may  be  necessary,  and  at  such  salaries  as  he  may  fix  and  pay. 
Said  deputies  shall  be  removed  at  his  pleasure,  or  at  the  pleasure  of  the 
cx>urt.  His  compensation  shall  be  the  fees  of  his  office  as  now  or  here- 
after fixed  by  law;  he  shall  furnish  and  pay  one  deputy  to  attend  the 
sittings  of  each  judge,  who  shall  have  the  selection  of  such  deputy,  and 


CONSTITUTION  OF   1898.  261 

who,  when  not  engaged  in  court,  shall  perform  such  other  duties  as  the 
constable  may  direct. 

The  clerk  of  the  said  court  and  the  constable  thereof  shall  be  remov- 
able by  the  judges  of  said  court  sitting  en  banc,  for  the  causes,  and  in  the 
manner  prescribed  for  the  removal  of  the  clerk  of  the  Civil  District  Court, 
conformably  to  rules  to  be  adopted  by  said  judges,  and  subject  to  an  appeal 
to  the  Court  of  Appeal  for  the  Parish  of  Orleans. 

Art.  146.  The  judges,  clerk  and  constable  of  said  court  shall  be 
elected  for  the  term  of  four  years  by  the  qualified  voters  of  the  City  of 
New  Orleans  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Mississippi  river.  The  first  election 
under  this  provision  shall  be  held  at  the  next  parochial  and  municipal 
election. 

Art.  147.  There  shall  also  be  a  Second  City  Court  in  the  City  of 
New  Orleans,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Mississippi  river,  now  known  as  the 
Fifth  District  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans;  and  said  court  shall  have  the 
same  jurisdiction  as  the  First  City  Court  in  all  cases  where  the  defendant 
resides  in  the  Fifth  District.  There  shall  be  one  clerk  for  said  City  Court, 
who  shall  receive  a  salary  of  twelve  hundred  dollars  per  annum,  payable 
monthly,  by  the  City  Treasurer,  out  of  the  fund  hereinafter  provided. 
There  shall  be  a  constable  for  said  court,  whose  compensation  shall  be 
the  fees  of  his  ofiice,  as  may  be  now  or  hereafter  fixed  by  law.  The  judge 
of  said  court  shall  have  the  same  qualifications  and  authority  as  the  judges 
of  the  First  City  Court,  and  shall  receive  the  same  compensation.  Said 
judge,  clerk  and  constable  shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  voters  of  said 
Fifth  District  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  for  the  term  of  four  years. 
The  first  election  under  this  provision  shall  be  held  at  the  next  parochial 
and  municipal  election.  The  clerk  and  constable  shall  each  furnish  bond 
in  the  sum  of  one  thousand  dollars,  to  be  approved  by  the  judge  of  the 
court;  and  they  shall  be  removable  by  the  judge  of  said  court  after  due 
trial,  subject  to  an  appeal  to  the  Court  of  Appeal  for  the  Parish  of 
Orleans. 

Art.  148.  There  shall  be  a  District  Attorney  for  the  Parish  of 
Orleans,  who  shall  be  elected  by  the  voters  of  said  parish  for  the  term 
of  four  years,  and  shall  receive  an  annual  salary  of  one  thousand  dollars, 
and  such  fees  as  may  be  allowed  by  law;  but  no  fees  shall  be  allowed  in 
criminal  cases  except  upon  conviction.  He  shall  be  a  licensed  attorney, 
and  may  appoint  two  assistants  with  like  qualifications,  at  salaries  not 
to  exceed  eighteen  hundred  dollars  per  annum.  He  shall  appoint  such 
other  assistants  as  may  be  required,  at  salaries  to  be  fixed  and  paid  by 
him. 

Art.  149.  There  shall  be  a  register  of  conveyances  and  a  recorder  of 
mortgages  for  the  Parish  of  Orleans,  who  shall  be  elected  by  the  voters  of 
said  parish  for  the  term  of  four  years.  Their  qualifications  and  duties 
shall  be  as  fixed  by  law;  the  register  of  conveyances  shall  furnish  bond 
in  the  sum  of  fifteen  thousand  dollars,  and  the  recorder  of  mortgages  in 
the  sum  of  twenty-five  thousand  dollars,  which  said  bonds  shall  be  exam- 
ined by  the  judges  of  the  Civil  District  Court,  and  all  testimony  given 


262  CONSTITUTION  OF  1898. 

in  said  examinations  shall  be  reduced  to  writing  and  filed  in  the  court; 
they  shall  appoint  such  deputies  and  at  such  salaries  as  are  now  authorized 
by  law,  or  as  hereinafter  provided.  They  shall  be  governed,  with  respect 
to  the  fees  and  expenses  of  their  olfices,  the  manner  of  their  compensation 
and  their  obligations  with  regard  to  accounting  and  settling,  as  herein- 
after prescribed.  The  compensation  of  the  register  of  conveyances  shall 
bo  twenty-five  hundred  dollars  per  annum,  and  that  of  the  recorder  of 
mortgages  shall  be  four  thousand  dollars  per  annvun. 

Art.  150.  The  judges  of  the  Civil  and  Criminal  District  Courts  for 
the  Parish  of  Orleans,  and  of  the  City  Courts  of  New  Orleans,  and  the 
clerks  and  constables  of  said  courts  respectively,  and  the  sheriffs,  district 
attorney,  register  of  conveyances  and  recorder  of  mortgages  for  the  Par- 
ish of  Orleans,  who  shall  be  serving  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  this 
Constitution,  shall,  unless  removed  for  cause,  remain  in  ofiice  until  tbo 
expiration  of  the  terms  for  which  they  were  elected  or  appointed. 

The  three  judges  of  the  Civil  District  Court  and  the  one  judge  of  tho 
Criminal  District  Court,  whose  terms  expire  in  1900,  shall  serve  until 
after  the  election  and  qualification  of  their  successors,  who  shall  be  elected 
at  the  Congressional  election  of  that  year;  and  the  terms  of  the  two  judges 
of  the  Civil  District  Court  and  the  one  judge  of  the  Criminal  District 
Court,  whose  terms  expire  in  1904,  shall  serve  until  the  election  and  qual- 
ification of  their  successors,  who  shall  be  elected  at  the  Congressional 
election  of  that  year. 

All  cases  in  said  courts,  and  all  writs,  orders  and  process  issued 
therefrom,  and  which  shall  be  pending  or  incourse  of  execution,  together 
with  all  the  records  and  archives  of  said  courts,  and  of  the  offices  here- 
inabove mentioned  shall,  upon  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution,  at  once, 
and  by  virtue  of  the  provisions  hereof,  be  transferred  to,  and  held  to  be 
cases  pending  in,  and  writs,  orders  and  process  issued  from,  and  in 
course  of  execution  under  the  authority  of,  and  records  and  archives  be- 
longing and  pertaining  to  the  Civil  and  Criminal  District  Courts  and 
the  clerks  thereof,  and  the  offices  of  the  civil  and  criminal  sheriffs,  dis- 
trict attorney,  register  of  conveyances  and  recorder  of  mortgages  for  the 
Parish  of  Orleans,  respectively  established  and  provided  for  by  this  Con- 
stitution. No  change  in  the  system  of  docketing  or  numbering  shall  be 
required  for  the  purpose  of  suits  which  may  hereafter  be  filed  in  either 
of  said  courts,  nor  shall  any  new  set  of  books,  or  system  of  keeping  the 
same,  be  required  for  the  purposes  of  any  of  said  offices.  The  books  and 
records  of  the  Court  of  Appeal  for  the  Parish  of  Orleans  shall  be  trans- 
ferred to,  and  all  appeals  held  to  be  cases  pending  in  the  Court  of  Appeals 
herein  provided  for,  and  without  the  formality  of  being  renumbered  or 
docketed,  and  the  same  rule  shall  apply  to  cases  pending  in  the  Third 
City  Court  of  New  Orleans  upon  the  organization  of  the  Second  City 
Court  of  New  Orleans,  as  hereinbefore  provided.  Upon  the  organization 
of  the  First  City  Court  of  New  Orleans,  as  hereinbefore  provided,  all 
books,  records  and  archives  of  the  Pirst,  Second  and  Fourth  City  Courts 
of  New  Orleans  as  now  constituted,   and  of  the  clerks   and  constables 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1898.  »  263 

thereof,  and  all  suits,  orders  and  process  issued  from  and  in  course  of  ex- 
ecution under  the  authority  of  said  courts,  shall  be  transferred  thereto, 
and  all  cases  pending  in  said  courts  shall  be  redocketed  and  numbered 
in  said  First  City  Court,  upon  application  of  any  of  the  parties  in  interest, 
and  without  cost  to  them. 

The  laws  regulating  the  sessions  of  and  practice  in  the  Civil  and 
Criminal  District  Courts  for  the  Parish  of  Orleans,  and  the  City  Courts 
of  New  Orleans,  which  may  be  in  force  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  this 
Constitution,  shall,  if  not  in  conflict  herewith,  remain  in  force  until  other- 
wise provided  by  the  General  Assembly. 

Art.  151.  All  cases  on  appeal  from  the  City  Courts  of  New  Or- 
leans to  the  Civil  District  Court,  upon  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution, 
shall  remain  and  be  tried  in  said  Civil  District  Court. 

Art.  152.  The  recorders  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans  who  may  be 
serving  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution,  shall,  unless  re- 
moved for  cause',  continue  in  the  exercise  of  their  functions  and  juris- 
diction, conformahly  to  existing  laws,  and  until  otherwise  provided,  ex- 
cept in  so  far  as  such  functions  and  jurisdiction  may  be  affected  by  the 
provisions  of  this  Constitution  which  confer  appellate  and  supervisory  ju- 
risdiction in  certain  matters  on  the  City  Criminal  Courts. 

Art.  153.  The  election  of  judges  and  other  officers  for  the  Parish 
of  Orleans  and  City  of  New  Orleans,  herein  provided  for,  the  time  of 
which  is  not  specially  fixed,  shall  be  held  at  the  time  of  the  parochial 
and  municipal  elections. 

Art.  154.  Until  otherwise  provided  by  law,  the  costs  to  be  paid  clerks, 
sheriffs,  constables,  recorder  of  mortgages  and  register  of  conveyances, 
shall  be  as  now  fixed,  except  that  in  no  case  shall  the  costs  of  filing 
appeals  from  the  City  Courts  exceed  the  sum  of  five  dollars. 

Art.  155.  The  General  Assembly  shall  grade  all  misdemeanors 
and  minor  offenses  against  the  State,  and  shall  fix  the  minimum  and 
maximimi  penalties  therefor. 

Art.  156.  All  valid  warrants  issued  for  salaries  and  authorized 
expenses  of  the  offices  of  the  clerk  of  the  Civil  District  Court,  register 
of  conveyances  and  recorder  of  mortgages  for  the  Parish  of  Orleans, 
of  the  clerks  of  the  City  Courts  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  and  for 
salaries  of  the  clerks  of  the  Court  of  Appeal,  w^hich  are  payable  out 
of  the  special  judicial  expense  fund  provided  for  by  Article  146  of  the 
Constitution  of  1879,  as  amended,  and  which  shall  be  outstanding  and 
unpaid  at  the  date  of  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution,  or  which  shai. 
be  issued  for  the  current  month  in  which  this  Constitution  is  adopted, 
are  hereby  declared  to  be  valid  and  subsisting  claims  against  the  rev- 
enues of  the  respective  offices  upon  which  said  fund  was  made  de- 
pendent. 

The  holders  of  said  warrants  may  present  them  within  six  months 
after  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution  to  the  Board  of  Liquidation  of  the 
City  Debt,  and  receive  therefor  the  bonds  hereinafter  authorized  to  be  is- 
sued ;  and  the  City  of  New  Orleans  is  required,  within  three  months  from 


264  CONSTITUTION   OF   1898. 

the  adoption  of  this  Constitution,  to  provide  for  said  warrants  or 
claims,  by  the  issuance  of  bonds  in  the  sum  of  two  hundred  and  twenty- 
livo  thousand  dollars,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary;  said 
bonds  shall  be  for  the  face  value  of  said  warrants,  in  such  denomina- 
tions as  the  said  Board  of  Liquidation  shall  recommend,  and  shall  be 
dated  July  1st,  1898,  and  made  payable  twenty-five  years  after  date, 
or  earlier,  at  the  option  of  said  board,  and  shall  bear  four 
per  cent,  per  annum  interest,  payable  semi-annually,  and  repre- 
sented by  interest  coupons  attached  tliereto,  the  first 
of  said  coupons  payable  January  1st,  1899 ;  said  bonds  to  be  known 
as  Judicial  Expense  Fund  Bonds,  and  to  be  signed  by  the  Mayor  and 
Comptroller  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  and  delivered  to  the  Board 
of  Liquidation  of  the  City  Debt  and  shall  be  countersigned  by  the  presi- 
dent and  secretary  of  said  board  and  issued  by  said  board  to  the  holders 
of  said  warrants  upon  surrender  of  same.  Neither  the  State  of  Lou- 
isiana nor  the  City  of  New  Orleans  shall  ever  be  liable  for  the  payment 
of  said  bonds  nor  the  interest  thereon,  except  from  the  special  fund 
herein  provided  for,  and  any  appropriation  or  other  provision  therefor 
made  by  the  State  or  city  shall  be  null  and  void. 

There  shall  be  stamped  across  the  face  of  said  bonds  the  words: 
"Issued  in  accordance  with  Article  156  of  the  Constitution  of  Lou- 
isiana of  1898." 

The  clerk  of  the  Civil  District  Court,  register  of  conveyances  and 
recorder  of  mortgages  for  the  Parish  of  Orleans,  and  the  clerks  of  the 
City  Courts  of  New  Orleans,  shall  keep  accurate  and  detailed  accounts 
in  books  to  be  used  exclusively  for  that  purpose,  of  all  fees  and  charges 
collected  in  their  offices,  respectively;  and  they  shall  furnish,  daily, 
to  the  city  comptroller,  transcripts  of  said  accounts  duly  certified  by 
them  or  by  their  authority,  and  said  officers  shall  also  daily  pay  into  the 
treasury  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans  the  whole  amount  of  fees  and 
charges  so  collected. 

From  the  amounts  thus  paid  into  the  City  Treasury,  the  Treasurer 
shall  set  apart  and  reserve  twenty  per  cent,  out  of  which  shall  first  be 
paid  the  expenses  necessary  for  the  preparation  and  execution  of  the 
aforesaid  bonds,  and  thereafter  the  same  shall  be  used  solely  and  exclu- 
sively to  retire  the  bonds  issued  in  payment  of  said  Judicial  Expense 
Fund  Warrants  and  interest  thereon,  and  the  certificates  of  the  Comp- 
troller hereinafter  authorized;  and  upon  the  second  Tuesday  in  De- 
cember and  June  of  every  year  the  said  Treasurer  shall  pay  said 
amounts  so  reserved,  and  also  the  amounts  received  from  the  Civil 
Sheriff,  to  the  Board  of  Liquidation  of  the  City  Debt,  until  all  the  bonds 
herein  authorized  have  been  retired  or  paid;  and  on  the  second  Tuesday 
in  February  and  August  of  every  year,  said  Board  of  Liquidation,  in 
accordance  with  rules  to  be  adopted  and  made  public  by  it,  shall,  after 
paying  the  seiri-annual  interest  on  said  bonds,  purchase  or  redeem  with 
such  money  thus  set  apart  as  may  have  accumulated,  and  with  the 
surplus   of   the   remaining  eight   per   cent,   as   hereinafter  provided,   as 


CONSTITUTION   OF   1898.  265 

many  of  said  bonds  as  said  money  will  buy  or  redeem,  preference  being 
given  to  holders  oHenng  at  the  lowest  rate;  and  all  such  bonds  so 
purchased  or  redeemed  shall  be  by  said  Board  of  Liquidation  immedi- 
ately canceled,  and  a  record  made  thereof. 

From  the  remaining  eighty  per  cent,  of  said  fund  there  shall  be 
paid  monthly  the  current  salaries  and  expenses  of  the  offices  from 
which  same  is  derived,  including  the  salary  of  the  docket  and  min- 
ute clerks  of  the  Court  of  Appeal,  as  now  constituted  and  until  the 
electiou  of  the  clerk  of  the  said  court,  as  above  provided,  together  with 
such  authorized  expenses  of  said  offices  as  are  not  required  to  be  paid 
by  the  City  of  New  Orleans;  and  the  surplus  of  said  eighty  per  cent.,  if 
any,  shall  be  paid  by  the  Treasurer  to  the  said  Board  of  Liquidation, 
and  shall  be  used  to  redeem  or  pay  said  bonds  and  certificates  as  herein- 
before and  hereinafter  provided. 

But  if  said  eighty  per  cent.,  during  the  six  months  ending  July  31st, 
or  January  31st  of  any  year,  should  prove  inadequate  to  pay  said  salaries 
and  expenses,  the  comptroller  shall  prorate  the  deficit  among  those  entitled 
to  payment,  and  shall  issue  certificates  therefor  in  sums  not  less  than 
ten  dollars,  which  shall  bear  interest  at  the  rate  of  four  per  cent,  per 
annum  from  date,  and  shall  be  paid  from  the  funds  herein  set  apart  and 
reserved  only  after  all  the  bonds  issued  in  payment  of  outstanding  war- 
rants shall  have  first  been  redeemed  or  paid. 

All  disbursements  from  said  fund  for  stationery  shall  be  made 
upon  the  requisitions  of  the  officers  requiring  same;  said  requisitions 
to  be  approved  by  the  Mayor  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans ;  and  in  all  cases 
such  disbursements  and  all  salaries  shall  be  paid  by  the  treasurer  of  the 
City  of  New  Orleans  upon  warrants  drawn  against  said  fund  by  the 
comptroller  of  said  city,  approved,  so  far  as  the  Civil  District  Court 
is  concerned  by  the  presiding  judge  thereof,  for  the  office  of  the  recorder 
of  mortgages  and  the  office  of  the  register  of  conveyances,  by  the  Mayor 
of  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  and  for  the  offices  of  the  respective  City 
Courts  by  the  judge  or  judges  thereof,  and  for  the  officers  of  the  Court 
of  Appeal  by  one  of  the  judges  thereof. 

Until  the  full  and  final  payment  of  all  of  said  bonds  and  certificates 
hereinbefore  provided  for,  the  salaries  of  the  employes  of  the  various 
offices  hereinafter  named  shall  remain  as  now  fixed  by  law,  and  there 
shall  be  no  increase  in  the  number  of  employes  now  authorized  by  law 
for  the  offices  of  recorder  of  mortgages  or  register  of  conveyances 
unless  otherwise  ordered  by  the  Civil  District  Court  sitting  en  banc;  and 
the  number  of  employes  of  the  Civil  District  Court  shall  be  as  determined 
by  a  majority  of  the  judges  thereof. 

The  clerks  of  the  First  and  Second  City  Courts,  until  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  City  Courts  hereinbefore  provided  for,  may  each  appoint  with 
the  approval  of  the  judge  thereof,  an  additional  deputy  clerk  at  fifty 
dollars  per  month,  but  no  other  employes,  nor  larger  salaries  than  those 
now  fixed  by  law,  shall  be  allowed  to  the  City  Courts. 

The  said  Board  of  Liquidation  hereinbefore  named  shall  have  the 


266  CONSTITUTION  OF  1898. 

right  to  reject  any  and  all  bids  made  for  the  redemption  of  bonds  issued 
as  hereinabove  provided,  and  should  there  be  no  bids,  or  none  be  accepted, 
then  said  Board  of  Liquidation,  on  the  second  Tuesday  in  February  and 
August  of  each  year,  with  whatever  amount  has  been  paid  to  said  Board 
by  the  Treasurer  as  herein  provided,  shall,  after  paying  the  interest, 
pay  said  bonds  in  numerical  order. 

After  the  payment  of  all  of  said  bonds,  the  twenty  per  cent,  reserve 
herein  provided,  and  any  surplus  of  the  remaining  eighty  per  cent, 
shall  be  used  by  the  City  Treasurer  in  paying  the  certificates  herein  pro- 
vided for,  if  any,  in  the  order  of  their  issue.  When  said  Judicial 
Expense  Fund  Bonds  and  Comptroller's  certificates,  if  any  of  the  latter 
shall  be  issued,  shall  have  been  retired  and  canceled,  the  salaries  and 
expenses  of  the  various  ofiices  affected  by  this  article  and  the  revenue 
of  said  ofiices  shall  be  regulated  and  disposed  of  as  may  be  determined  by 
the  General  Assembly. 

This  article  shall  take  effect  from  the  last  day  of  the  current  month 
in  which  this  Constitution  is  adopted,  and  all  amounts  arising  from  the 
Judicial  Expense  Fund,  which  shall  remain  in  the  hands  of  the  State 
Treasurer  on  that  date,  shall  be  paid  by  him  to  the  Board  of  Liqui- 
dation of  the  City  Debt,  and  be  used  by  said  board  as  part  of  the  funds 
hereinabove  referred  to. 

Abt.  157.  Vacancies  occurring  from  any  cause  in  the  judicial 
offices  of  the  Parish  of  Orleans  or  City  of  New  Orleans,  shall  be  filled 
by  appointment  by  the  Governor,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
Senate,  for  the  unexpired  term. 

Art.  158.  The  fact  that  the  officers  and  deputies  herein  provided  for 
are  paid  by  the  City  of  New  Orleans  shall  not  make  them  officers  or 
employes  thereof. 

GENERAL  PROVISIONS. 

Art.  159.  No  person  shall  be  permitted  to  act  as  a  juror,  who, 
in  due  course  of  law,  shall  have  been  convicted  of  treason,  perjury, 
forgery,  bribery  or  other  crime  punishable  by  imprisonment  in  the 
penitentiary,  or  who  shall  be  under  interdiction. 

Art.  160.  Members  of  the  General  Assembly  and  all  officers,  before 
entering  upon  the  duties  of  their  respective  offices,  shall  take  the  fol- 
lowing oath  or  affirmation: 

T  (A.  B.)  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affinn)  that  I  will  support  the 
Constitution  and  laws  of  the  United  States  and  the  Constitution  and 
laws  of  this  State;  and  that  I  will  faithfully  and  impartially  discharge 

and  perform  all  the  duties  incumbent  on  me  as ,  according 

to  the  best  of  my  ability  and  understanding.     So  help  me  God." 

Art.  161.  The  seat  of  government  slfall  be  and  remain  at  the  City 
of  Baton  Rouge. 

Art.  162.  Treason  against  the  State  shall  consist  only  in  levying 
war  against  it,  or  adhering  to  its  enemies,  giving  them  aid  and  comfort. 


CONSTITUTION   OF   1898.  ■  267 

No  person  shall  be  convicted  of  treason  except  on  the  testimony  of  two 
witnesses  to  the  same  overt  act,  or  his  confession  in  open  court. 

Art.  1G3.  All  civil  officers  shall  be  removable  by  an  address  of 
two-thirds  of  the  members  elected  to  each  House  of  the  General  Assem- 
bly, except  those  whose  removal  is  otherwise  provided  for  by  this 
Constitution. 

Art.  164.  No  member  of  Congress,  nor  person  holding  or  exer- 
cising any  office  of  trust  or  profit  under  the  United  States,  or  any  State,  or 
under  any  foreign  power,  shall  be  eligible  as  a  member  of  the  General 
Assembly,  or  hold  or  exercise  any  office  of  trust  or  profit  under  the  State. 

Art.  165.  The  laws,  public  records,  and  the  judicial  and  legisla- 
tive written  proceedings  of  the  State,  shall  be  promulgated,  preserved 
and  conducted  in  the  English  language;  but  the  General  Assembly  may 
provide  for  the  publication  of  the  laws  in  the  French  language,  and 
provide  that  judicial  advertisements,  in  certain  designated  cities  and 
parishes,  shall  also  be  made  in  that  language. 

Art.  166.  No  ex-post  facto  law,  nor  any  law  impairing  the  obli- 
gations of  contracts,  shall  be  passed,  nor  vested  rights  be  divested,  unless 
for  purposes  of  public  utility,  and  for  adequate  compensation  previously 
made. 

Art.  167.  Private  property  shall  not  be  taken  nor  damaged  for 
public  purposes  without  just  and  adequate  compensation  being  first  paid. 

Art.  168.  No  power  of  suspending  the  laws  if  this  State  shall  be 
exercised  unless  by  the  General  Assembly,  or  by  its  authority. 

Art.  169.  The  GeneralAssembly  shall  provide  by  law  for  change 
of  venue  in  civil  and  criminal  cases. 

Art.  170.  No  person  shall  hold  or  exercise,  at  the  same  time, 
more  than  one  office  of  trust  or  profit,  except  that  of  justice  of  the 
peace  or  notary  public. 

Art.  171.  The  General  Assembly  may  determine  the  mode  of  filling 
vacancies  in  all  offices,  for  the  filling  of  which  provision  is  not  made 
in  this  Constitution. 

Art.  172.  All  officers  shall  continue  to  discharge  the  duties  of  their 
offices  until  their  successors  shall  have  been  inducted  into  office,  except 
in  case  of  impeachment  or  suspension. 

Art.  173.  The  military  shall  be  in  subordination  to  the  civil  power, 
and  no  soldier  shall,  in  time  of  peace,  be  quartered  in  any  house  without 
the  consent  of  the  owner. 

Art.  174.  The  General  Assembly  shall  make  it  obligatory  upon 
every  parish  to  support  all  infirm,  sick  and  disabled  paupers  residing 
within  its  limits;  provided,  that  every  municipal  corporation  to  which 
the  powers  of  the  police  jury  do  not  extend,  shall  support  its  own 
infirm,  sick  and  disabled  paupers. 

Art.  175.  No  soldier,  sailor  or  marine,  in  the  service  of  the  United 
States,  shall  hereafter  acquire  a  domicile  in  this  State  by  reason  of 
being  stationed  or  doing  duty  in  the  same. 

Art.   176.     It   shall  be  the  duty  of  the   General  Assembly  to  pass 


268  ■  CONSTITUTION  OF  1898. 

such   laws   as   may   be  proper   and   necessary   to   decide   differences   by 
arbitration. 

Art.  177.  The  power  of  the  courts  to  punish  for  contempt  shall 
be  limited  by  law. 

Art.  178.  Lotteries,  and  the  sale  of  lottery  tickets,  are  prohibited 
in  this  State. 

Art.  179.  In  all  proceedings  or  indictments  for  libel,  the  truth 
thereof  may  be  given  in  evidence.  The  jury  in  all  criminal  cases  shall 
be  the  judges  of  the  law  and  of  the  facts  on  the  question  of  guilt  or  in- 
nocence, having  been  charged  as  to  the  law  applicable  to  the  case  by  thft 
presiding  judge. 

Art.  180.  No  officer  whose  salary  is  fixed  by  the  Constitution  shall 
be  allowed  any  fees  or  perquisites  of  office,  except  where  otherwise  pro- 
vided for  by  this  Constitution. 

Art.  181.  The  regulation  of  the  sale  of  alcoholic  or  spirituous 
liquors  is  declared  a  police  regulation,  and  the  General  Assembly  may 
enact  laws  regulating  their  sale  and  use. 

Art.  182.  No  person  who,  at  any  time,  may  have  been  a  collector 
of  taxes,  whether  State,  parish,  or  municipal,  or  who  may  have  been 
otherwise  entrusted  with  public  money,  shall  be  eligible  to  the  General 
Assembly,  or  to  any  office  of  honor,  profit,  or  trust,  under  the  State  gov- 
ernment, or  any  parish,  or  municipality  thereof,  until  he  shall  have 
obtained  a  discharge  for  the  amount  of  such  collections,  and  for  all 
public  moneys  with  which  he  may  have  been  entrusted;  and  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  is  empowered  to  enact  laws  providing  for  the  suspension 
of  public  officials  charged  with  the  collection  of  public  money,  when 
such  officials  fail  to  account  for  same. 

Art.  18b.  Any  persoii.  who  shall,  directly  or  indirectly,  offer  to 
give  any  sum,  or  sums,  of  money,  bribe,  present,  reward,  promise,  or 
any  other  thing  to  any  officer.  State,  parochial,  or  municipal,  or  to  any 
member  or  officer  of  the  General  Assembly,  with  the  intent  to  induce  or 
influence  such  officer,  or  member  of  the  General  Assembly,  to  appoint 
any  person  to  office,  to  vote  or  exercise  any  power  in  him  vested,  or  to  per- 
form any  duty  of  him  required,  the  person  giving  or  offering  to  give, 
and  the  officer,  or  member  of  the  General  Assembly,  so  receiving  any 
money,  bribe,  present,  reward,  promise,  contract,  obligation,  or  security, 
with  the  intent  aforesaid,  shall  be  quilty  of  bribery,  and  on  being  found 
guilty  thereof  by  any  court  of  competent  jurisdiction,  or  by  either 
House  of  the  General  Assembly  of  which  he  may  be  a  member  or 
officer,  shall  be  forever  disqualified!  from  holding  any  office.  State, 
parochial,  or  municipal,  and  shall  be  forever  ineligible  to  a  seat  in  the 
General  Assembly;  provided  that  this  shall  not  be  so  construed  as  to 
prevent  the  General  Assembly  from  enacting  additional  penalties. 

Art.  184.  Any  person  may  be  compelled  to  testify  in  any  lawful 
proceeding  against  any  one  who  may  be  charged  with  having  committed 
the  offense  of  bribery,  and  shall  not  be  permitted  to  withhold  his  tes- 
timony upon  the  ground   that  it  may  criminate  him  or  subject  him   to 


CONSTITUTION   OF   1898.  269 

public  infamy;  but  such  testimony  shall  not  afterwards  be  used  against 
him  in  any  judicial  proceedings,  except  for  perjury  in  giving  such 
testimony. 

Art.  185.  The  General  Assembly  shall  pass  laws  to  protect  laborers 
on  buildings,  streets,  roads,  railroads,  canals,  and  other  similar  works, 
against  the  failure  of  contractors  and  sub-contractors  to  pay  their  cur- 
rent wages  when  due,  and  to  make  the  corporation,  company,  or  indi- 
vidual, for  whose  benefit  the  work  is  .done,  responsible  for  their  ultimate 
payment. 

Art.  186.  No  mortgage  or  privilege  on  immovable  property  shall 
affect  third  persons,  unless  recorded  or  registered  in  the  parish  where 
the  property  is  situated,  in  the  manner  and  within  the  time  as  is  now 
or  may  be  prescribed  by  law,  except  privileges  for  expenses  of  last 
illness  and  privileges  for  taxes.  State,  parish,  or  municipal;  provided, 
such  tax  liens,  mortgages,  and  privileges,  shall  lapse  in  three  years 
from  the  31sl  day  of  December,  in  +he  year  in  which  the  taxes  are 
levied,  and  whether  now  or  hereafter  recorded. 

Art.  187.  Privileges  on  movable  property  shall  exist  without  regis- 
tration of  the  same,  except  in  such  cases  as  the  General  Assembly  may 
prescribe  by  law. 

Art.  188.  Gambling  is  a  vice,  and  the  Legislature  shall  pass  laws 
to  suppress  it. 

Art.  189.  The  pernicious  practice  of  dealing  or  gambling  in  futures 
on  agricultural  products  or  articles  of  necessity,  where  the  intention 
of  the  parties  is  not  to  make  an  honest  and  bona  fide  delivery,  is  declared 
to  be  against  public  policy;  and  the  Legislature  shall  pass  laws  to 
suppress  it. 

Art.  190.  It  shall  bo  unlawful  for  persons  or  corporations,  or 
their  legal  representatives,  to  combine  or  conspire  together,  or  to  unite 
or  pool  their  interests  for  the  purpose  of  forcing  up  or  down  the  price 
of  any  agricultural  product  or  article  of  necessity,  for  speculative  pur- 
poses; and  the  Legislature  shall  pass  laws  to  suppress  it. 

Art.  191.  No  member  of  the  General  Assembly,  or  public  officer, 
or  person  elected  or  appointed  to  a  public  office  under  the  laws  of  this 
State,  shall  directly  or  indirectly,  ask,  demand,  accept,  receive,  or  consent 
to  receive,  for  his  own  use  or  benefit,  or  for  the  use  or  benefit  of  another, 
any  free  pass,  free  transportation,  franking  privilege,  or  discriminating 
in  passenger,  telegraph,  or  telephone  rates,  from  any  person  or  corpora- 
tion, or  make  use  of  the  same  himself  or  in  conjunction  with  another. 

Any  person  who  violates  any  provision  of  this  Article  shall  forfeit 
his  office,  at  the  suit  of  the  Attorney-General,  or  the  District  Attorney, 
to  be  brought  at  the  domicile  of  the  defendant,  and  shall  be  subject  to  such 
further  penalty  as  may  be  prescribed  by  law. 

Any  corporation,  or  officer,  or  agent  thereof,  who  shall  give,  or 
offer,  or  promise,  to  a  public  officer  any  such  free  pass,  free  transporta- 
tion, franking  privilege,  or  discrimination,  shall  be  liable  to  punishment 
for  each-  offense  by  a  fine  or  five  hundred  dollars,  to  be  recovered  at  the 


270  CONSTITUTION  OF  1898. 

suit  of  the  Attorney-General,  or  District  Attorney,  to  be  brought  at 
the  domicile  of  the  officer  to  whom  such  free  pass,  free  transportation, 
franking  privilege,  or  discrimination,  was  given,  offered,  or  promised. 

No  person,  or  officer,  or  agent,  of  a  corporation,  giving  any  such 
free  pass,  free  transportation,  franking  privilege,  or  discrimination, 
hereby  prohibited,  shall  be  privileged  from  testifying  in  relation  thereto; 
but  he  shall  not  be  liable  to  civil  or  criminal  prosecution  therefor,  if  he 
shall  testify  to  the  giving  of  the  same. 

Art.  192.  Whenever  the  General  Assembly  shall  authorize  a  suit 
against  the  State  it  shall  provide  in  the  act  authorizing  the  same,  that 
such  suit  be  instituted  before  the  District  Court  at  the  State  Capital; 
that  citation  to  answer  such  suit  shall  be  served  both  upon  the  Governor 
and  the  Attorney-General;  that  the  Supreme  Coiirt  of  the  State  shall 
have  appellate  jurisdiction  in  such  suit,  without  regard  to  the  amount 
involved;  that  the  only  object  of  such  suit,  and  the  only  effect  of  the 
judgment  therein,  shall  be  a  judicial  interpretation  of  the  legal  rights 
of  the  parties  for  the  consideration  of  the  Legislature  in  making  ap- 
propriations; that  the  burden  of  proof  shall  rest  upon  the  plaintiff  or 
claimant  to  show  that  the  claim  sued  upon  is  a  legal  and  valid  obliga- 
tion of  the  State,  incurred  in  strict  conformity  to  law,  not  in  viola- 
tion of  the.  Constitution  of  the  State  or  of  the  United  States,  and  for 
a  valid  consideration,  and  that  all  these  things  shall  be  affirmatively 
declared  by  the  Supreme  Court  before  any  judgment  is  recognized  for 
any  purpose  against  the  State. 

Art.  193.  Prescription  shall  not  run  against  the  State  in  any  civil 
matter,  unless  otherwise  provided  in  this  Constitution,  or  expressly  by  law. 

Art.  194.  There  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Governor,  by  and  with 
the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  a  State  Examiner  of  State  Banks, 
who  shall  be  an  expert  accountant,  and  who  shall  make  examinations  of 
all  State  banks  at  least  twice  in  every  year.  His  term  of  office  shall 
be  four  years  and  the  Legislature  shall  define  his  duties  and  fix  his 
compensation. 

Art.  195.  The  New  Basin  Canal  and  Shell  Road,  and  their  appur- 
tenances, shall  not  be  leased,  nor  alienated,  nor  shall  the  Carondelet 
Canal  and  Bayou  St.  John,  and  their  appurtenances,  be  leased,  or  alien- 
ated when  they  shall  come  into  the  possession  of  the  State. 

Art.  196.  The  General  Assembly  may  authorize  the  employment 
under  State  supervision  and  the  proper  officers  and  employes  of  the 
State,  of  convicts  on  public  roads  or  other  public  works,  or  convict 
farms,  or  in  manufactories  owned  or  controlled  by  the  State,  under  such 
provisions  and  restrictions  as  may  be  imposed  by  law,  and  shall  enact 
laws  necessary  to  carry  these  provisions  into  effect;  and  no  convict 
sentenced  to  the  State  penitentiary  shall  ever  be  leased,  or  hired  to 
any  person,  or  persons,  or  corporation,  private  or  public,  or  quasi-public, 
or  board,  save  as  herein  authorized.  This  article  shall  take  effect  upon 
the  expiration  of  the  penitentiary  lease,  made  pursuant  to  Act  No. 
114,  approved  July  10th,  1890. 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1898.  271 


SUFFRAGE  AND  ELECTIONS. 


Art.  197.  Every  male  citizen  of  this  State  and  of  the  United  States, 
native  born  or  naturalized,  not  less  than  twenty-one  years  of  age,  and 
possessing  the  following  qualifications,  shall  be  an  elector,  and  shall  be 
entitled  to  vote  at  any  election  in  the  State  by  the  people,  except  as 
may  be  herein  otherwise  provided. 

Sec.  1.  He  shall  have  been  an  actual  bona-fide  resident  of  this 
State  for  two  years,  of  the  parish  one  year  and  of  the  precinct  in  which 
he  offers  to  vote  six  months  next  preceding  the  election;  provided,  that 
removal  from  one  precinct  to  another  in  the  same  parish  shall  not 
operate  to  deprive  any  person  of  the  right  to  vote  in  the  precinct  from 
which  he  has  removed,  until  six  months  after  such  removal. 

Sec.  2.  He  shall  have  been  at  the  time  he  offers  to  vote,  legally 
enrolled  as  a  registered  voter  on  his  personal  application,  in  accordance 
with  the  provisions  of  this  Constituion,  and  the  laws  enacted  thereunder. 

The  qualifications  of  voters  and  the  registration  laws  in  force  prior 
to  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution  shall  remain  in  force  until  Decem- 
ber 31st,  1898,  at  which  date  all  the  provisions  of  this  Constitution  rel- 
ative to  suffrage,  registration  and  election,  except  as  hereinafter  otherwise 
provided,  shall  go  into  effect,  and  the  General  Assembly  shall,  and  is 
hereby  directed,  at  its  regular  session  in  1898,  to  enact  a  general  regis- 
tration law  to  carry  into  effect  the  provisions  of  this  Consittuion  relative 
to  the  qualifications  and  registration  of  voters. 

Sec.  3.  He  shall  be  able  to  read  and  write,  and  shall  demonstrate 
his  ability  to  do  so  when  he  applies  for  registration,  by  making,  under 
oath  administered  by  the  registration  officer  or  his  deputy,  written  appli- 
cation therefor,  in  the  English  language,  or  his  mother  tongue,  which 
application  shall  contain  the  essential  facts  necessary  to  show  that  he 
is  entitled  to  register  and  vote,  and  shall  be  entirely  written,  dated  and 
signed  by  him,  in  the  presence  of  the  registration  officer  or  his  deputy, 
without  assistance  or  suggestion  from  any  person  or  any  memorandum 
whatever,  except  the  form  of  application  hereinafter  set  forth;  pro- 
vided, however,  that  if  the  applicant  be  unable  to  write  his  application 
in  the  English  language,  he  shall  have  the  right,  if  he  so  demiands, 
to  write  the  same  in  his  mother  tongue  from  the  dictation  of  an  inter- 
preter; and  if  the  applicant  is  unable  to  write  his  application  by  reason 
of  ■  physical  disability,  the  same  shall  be  written  at  his  dictation  by 
the  registration  officer  or  his  deputy,  upon  his  oath  of  such  disability. 
The  application  for  registration,  above  provided  for,  shall  be  a  copy 
of  the  following  form,  with  the  proper  names,  dates  and  numbers  sub- 
stituted for  the  blanks  appearing  therein,  to-wit: 

I  am  a  citizen  of  the  State  of  Louisiana.     My  name  is 

I  was  born  in  the  State  (or  country)  of ,  Parish  (or  county) 

of ,  on  the  ....  day  of ,  in  the  year  ....     I  am  now 

....  years,   ....   months  and   ....   days  of  age.     I  have  resided  in  this 
State  since  . . . .,  in  this  parish ,  and  in  Precinct  No ,  of 


272  CONSTITUTION   OF   1898. 

Ward  Xo ,  of  this  parish,  since   .  ..  .,  and  I  am  not  disfranchised 

by  any  provision  of  the  Constitution  of  this  State. 

Sec.  4.  If  he  be  not  able  to  read  and  write,  as  provided  by  Sec- 
tion three  of  this  article,  then  he  shall  be  entitled  to  register  and  voie 
if  he  shall,  at  the  time  he  offers  to  register,  be  the  bona  fide  owner  of 
property  assessed  to  him  in  this  State  at  a  valuation  of  not  less  than 
tliree  hundred  dollars  on  the  assessment  roll  of  the  current  year  in 
which  he  offers  to  register,  or  on  the  roll  of  the  preceding  year,  if  the 
roll  of  the  current  year  shall  not  then  have  been  completed  and  filed,  and  on 
which,  if  such  property  be  personal  only,  all  taxes  due  shall  have  been 
paid.  The  applicant  for  registration  under  this  section  shall  m^ake  oath 
before  the  registration  officer  or  his  deputy,  that  he  is  a  citizen  of  the 
United  States  and  of  this  State  over  the  age  of  twenty-one  years;  that 
he  possesses  the  qualifications  prescribed  in  section  one  of  this  article, 
and  that  he  is  the  owner  of  property  assessed  in  this  State  to  him  at  a 
valuation  of  not  less  than  three  hundred  dollars,  and  if  such  property 
be  personal  only,  that  all  taxes  due  thereon  have  been  paid. 

Sec.  5.  No  male  person  who  was  on  January  1st,  1867,  or  at  any 
date  prior  thereto,  entitled  to  vote  under  the  Constitution  or  statutes  of 
any  State  of  the  United  States,  wherein  he  then  resided,  and  no  son  or 
grandson  of  any  such  person  not  less  than  twenty-one  years  of  age  at 
the  date  of  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution,  and  no  male  person  of 
foreign  birth,  who  was  naturalized  prior  to  the  first  day  of  January, 
1S98,  shall  be  denied  the  right  to  register  and  vote  in  this  State  by 
reason  of  his  failure  to  possess  the  educational  or  property  qualifications 
prescribed  by  this  Constitution ;  provided,  he  shall  have  resided  in  this 
State  for  five  years  next  preceding  the  date  at  which  he  shall  apply  for 
registration,  and  shall  have  registered  in  accordance  with  the  terms 
of  this  article  prior  to  September  1,  1898,  and  no  person  shall  be  entitled 
to  register  under  this  section  after  said  date. 

Every  person  claiming  the  benefit  of  this  section  shall  make  applica- 
tion to  the  proper  registration  officer,  or  his  deputy,  for  registration,  and 
he  shall  make  oath  before  such  registration  officer  or  his  deputy  in 
the  fonn  following,  viz. :  I  am  a  citizen  of  the  United  States 
and  of  this  State,  over  the  age  of  twenty-one  years;  I  have  resided  in 
this  State  for  five  years  next  preceding  this  date.     I  was  on  the  ....  day 

of   entitled  to  vote  under  the  Constitution  or  statutes  of  the 

State  of ,  herein  I  then  resided  (or,  I  am  the  son,  or  grandson) 

i)f ,  who  was  on  the  ....  day  of entitled  to  vote 

under  the  Constitution  or  statutes  of  the  State  of ,  wherein 

he  then  resided,  and  I  desire  to  avail  myself  of  the  privileges  conferred 
by  section  5  of  Article  197  of  the  Constitution  of  this  State. 

A  separate  registration  of  voters  applying  under  this  section,  shall 
be  made  by  the  registration  officer  of  every  parish,  and  for  this  purpose 
the  registration  officer  of  every  parish  shall  keep  his  office  open  daily, 
Sundays  and  legal  holidays  excepted,  from  May  16th,  1898,  until  August 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1898.  273 

31st,  1898,  both  included,  during  the  hours  prescribed  by  Act  No.  89  of 
the  Genofal  Assemblly  of  1896.  lu  every  parish,  except  the  jarish  of 
Orleans,  he  shall  keep  his  office  at  the  courthouse  at  least  during  the 
months  of  May,  June  and  August,  and  during  the  month  of  July,  he 
shall  keep  it  for  at  least  one  day  at  or  near  each  polling  place,  giving 
thirty  days'  notice  thereof  by  publication. 

The  registration  of  voters  under  this  section  shall  close  on  the 
31st  day  of  August,  1898,  and  inmiediately  thereafter  the  registration 
officer  of  every  parish  shall  make  a  sworn  copy,  in  duplicate,  of  the  list 
of  persons  registered .  under  this  section,  showing  in  detail  whether  the 
applicant  registered  as  a  voter  of  1867,  or  prior  thereto,  or  as  the  son 
of  such  voter,  or  as  the  grandson  of  such  voter,  and  deposit  one  of  said 
duplicates  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  to  be  by  him  recorded 
and  preserved  as  a  part  of  the  permanent  records  of  his  office,  and  the 
other  of  said  duplicates  shall  be  by  him  filed  in  the  office  of  the  Clerk 
of  the  District  Court  of  the  parish,  and  in  the  parish  of  Orleans,  in  the 
office  of  the  Recorder  of  Mortgages,  there  to  remain  a  permanent  record. 

All  persons  whose  names  appear  on  said  registration  lists  shall  be 
admitted  to  register  for  all  elections  in  this  State  without  possessing  the 
educational  or  property  qualification  prescribed  by  this  Constitution, 
unless  otherwise  disqualified,  and  all  persons  who  do  not  by  personal  appli- 
cation claim  exemption  from  the  provisions  of  sections  3  and  4  of  this  arti- 
cle before  September  1st,  1898,  shall  be  forever  denied  the  right  to  do  so. 

The  Legislature  shall,  at  its  first  session  after  the  adoption  of  thid 
Constitution,  provide  the  manner  in  which  persons  whose  names  appear 
upon  said  registration  lists  shall  hereafter  register,  which  mode  may  be 
diiferent  from  that  required  for  persons  registering  under  the  other 
sections  of  this  article;  and  shall  also  provide  a  remedy  whereby  sub- 
sequently to  the  close  of  said  registration  on  August  31st,  1898,  the 
names  of  any  persons  who  may  have  obtained  registration  under  this  sec- 
tion by  false  statements  of  fact  or  other  fraud,  shall  by  appropriate  pro- 
ceedings be  stricken  from  said  roll. 

Art.  198.  No  person  less  than  sixty  years  of  age  shall  be  permitted 
to  vote  at  any  election  in  the  State  who  shall  not,  in  addition  to  the  quali- 
fications above  prescribed,  have  paid  on  or  before  the  31st  day  of 
December,  of  each  year,  for  the  two  years  preceding  the  year  in  which 
he  offers  to  vote,  a  poll  tax  of  one  dollar  per  annum,  to  be  used  exclu- 
sively in  aid  of  the  public  schools  of  the  parish  in  which  such  tax 
shall  have  been  collected;  which  tax  is  hereby  imposed  on  every  male 
resident  of  this  State  between  the  age  of  twenty-one  and  sixty  years. 
Poll  taxes  shall  be  a  lien  only  upon  assessed  property,  and  no  process 
shall  issue  to  enforce  the  collection  of  the  same  except  against  assessed 
property. 

Every  person  liable  for  such  tax  shall,  before  being  allowed  to 
vote,  exhibit  to  the  Commissioners  of  Election  his  poll  tax  receipts  for 
two  years,  issued  on  the  official  form,  or  duplicates  thereof,  in  the  event 
of  loss,  or  proof  of  payment  of  such  poll  taxes  may  be  made  by  a  certi- 


274  CONSTITUTION  OF  1898, 

ticate  of  the  tax  collector,  which  shall  be  sent  to  the  Commissionerg 
of  the  several  voting  precincts,  showing  a  list  of  those  who  have  paid 
said  two  years'  poll  taxes  as  above  provided,  and  the  dates  of  payment. 
It  is  hereby  declared  to  be  forgery,  and  punishable  as  such,  for  any  tax 
collector  or  other  person,  to  antedate,  or  alter,  a  poll  tax  receipt.  Any 
person  who  shall  pay  the  poll  tax  of  another  or  advance  him  money  for 
that  purpose,  in  order  to  influence  his  vote,  shall  be  guilty  of  bribery 
and  punished  accordingly.  The  provisions  of  this  section  as  to  the  pay- 
ment of  poll  taxes  shall  not  apply  to  persons  who  are  deaf  and  dumb, 
or  blind,  nor  to  persons  under  twenty-three  years  of  age,  who  have  paid 
all  poll  taxes  assessed  against  them.  This  section  shall  not  go  into 
(Operation  until  after  the  general  State  election  to  be  held  in  the 
year  3  900,  and  the  Legislature  elected  in  the  year  1908  shall  have  au- 
thority to  repeal  or  modify  the  same. 

Art.  199.  Upon  all  questions  submitted  to  the  tax-payers,  as  such, 
of  any  municipal  or  other  political  subdivision  of  this  State,  the  qual- 
ifications of  such  tax  payers  as  voters  shall  be  those  of  age  and  residence 
prescribed  by  this  article,  and  women  tax  payers  shall  have  the  right 
to  vote  at  all  such  elections,  without  registration,  in  person  or  by  their 
agents,  authorized  in  writing;  but  all  other  persons  voting  at  such 
elections  shall  be  registered  voters. 

Art.  200.  No  person  shall  vote  at  any  primary  election  or  in  any 
convention  or  other  political  assembly  held  for  the  purpose  of  nomi- 
nating any  candidate  for  public  office,  unless  he  is  at  the  time  a  regis- 
tered voter.  And  in  all  political  conventions  in  this  State  the  appor- 
tionment of  representation  shall  be  on  the  basis  of  population  . 

Art.  201.  Any  person  possessing  the  qualifications  prescribed  by 
Section  3  or  4  of  Article  197  of  this  Constitution,  who  may  be  denied 
registration,  shall  have  the  right  to  apply  for  relief  to  the  District  Court 
having  jurisdiction  of  civil  causes  for  the  parish  in  which  he  offers  to 
register,  and  the  party  cast  in  said  suit  shall  have  the  right  of  appeal 
to  the  Supreme  Court;  and  any  citizen  of  the  State  shall  have  a  like 
right  to  apply  to  said  courts,  to  have  stricken  off  any  names  illegally 
placed  on  said  registration  rolls  under  Sections  3  and  4  of  Article 
197,  and  such  applications  and  appeals  shall  be  tried  by  said  courts  by 
preference,  in  open  court  or  at  chambers.  The  General  Assembly  shall 
provide  by  law  for  such  applications  and  appeals  without  cost,  and  for 
the  prosecution  of  all  persons  charged  with  illegal  or  fraudulent  regis- 
tration or  voting,  or  any  other  crime  or  offense  against  the  registration 
or  election  or  primary  election  laws. 

Art.  202.  The  following  persons  shall  not  be  permitted  to  register, 
vote  or  hold  any  office  or  appointment  of  honor,  trust  or  profit  in  thi3 
State,  to-wit:  Those  who  have  been  convicted  of  any  crime  punish- 
able by  imprisonment  in  the  penitentiary,  and  not  afterwards  pardoned 
with  express  restoration  of  franchise;  those  who  are  inmates  of  any 
charitable  institution,   except   the   Soldiers'   Home;   those   actually  con- 


CONSTITUTION  OF   1898.  275 

fined  in  any  public  prison;   all   indicted  persons,   and   all   persons   no- 
toriously insane  or  idiotic,  whether  interdicted  or  not. 

Art.  203.  In  all  elections  by  the  people  the  electors  shall  vote  by 
ballot,  and  the  ballots  cast  shall  be  publicly  counted.  In  all  elections 
by  persons  in  a  representative  capacity,  the  vote  shall  be  viva-voce. 

Art.  204.  Electors  shall,  in  all  cases  except  treason,  felony  or  breach 
of  the  peace,  be  privileged  from  arrest  during  their  attendance  on 
elections,  and  in  going  to  and  returning  from  the  same. 

Art.  205.  The  General  Assembly  shall  by  law  forbid  the  giving 
or  selling  of  intoxicating  drinks,  on  the  day  of  any  election,  or  primary 
election,  within  one  mile  of  any  polling  place. 

Art.  206.  Until  otherwise  provided  by  law,  the  general  State  elec- 
tion shall  be  held  once  every  four  years  on  the  Tuesday  next  following 
the  third  Monday  in  April. 

Presidential  electors  and  members  of  Congress  shall  be  chosen  or 
elected  in  the  manner  and  at  the  time  prescribed  by  law. 

Art.  207.  Parochial  elections,  except  in  the  City  of  New  Orleans, 
shall  be  held  on  the  same  day  as  the  general  State  election,  and  not 
oftener  than  once  in  four  years. 

In  the  City  of  New  Orleans  parochial  and  municipal  elections 
shall  be  held  on  the  Tuesday  following  the  first  Monday  of  November, 
1899,  and  of  every  fourth  year  thereafter,  but  the  General  Assembly 
may  change  the  date  of  said  election  after  the  year  1899;  provided,  that 
the  parochial  and  municipal  elections  shall  be  held  together,  and  shall 
always  be  on  a  day  separate  and  apart  from  the  General  State  Election  and 
not  oftener  than  once  in  four  years.  The  municipal  and  parochial 
officers  in  the  City  of  New  Orleans  shall  take  their  offices  on  the  first 
Monday  in  the  month  of  May  following  their  election,  until  otherwise 
provided  by  law. 

Art.  208.  For  the  purpose  of  voting,  no  person  shall  be  deemed 
to  have  gained  a  residence,  by  reason  of  his  presence,  or  lost  it  by 
reason  of  his  absence,  while  employed  in  the  service,  either  civil  or 
military,  of  this  State  or  of  the  United  States;  or  while  engaged  in 
the  navigation  of  the  waters  of  the  State  or  of  the  United  States;  or 
of  the  high  seas;  or  while  a  student  of  any  institution  of  learning. 

Art.  2(09.  The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  by  law  for  the 
trial  and  determination  of  contested  elections  of  all  public  officers, 
whether  State,  judicial,  parochial  or  municipal  (except  Governor  and 
Lieutenant  Governor),  which  trials  shall  be  by  the  courts  of  law  and  at 
the  domicile  of  the  party  defendant. 

Art.  210.  No  person  shall  be  eligible  to  any  office,  State,  judicial, 
parochial,  municipal  or  ward,  who  is  not  a  citizen  of  this  State  and  a 
duly  qualified  elector  of  the  State,  judicial  district,  parish,  municipality 
or  ward,  wherein  the  functions  of  said  office  are  to  be  performed. 
And  whenever  any  officer,  State,  judicial,  parochial,  municipal  or  ward, 
may  change  his  residence  from  this  State,  or  from  the  district,  parish, 
municipality  or  ward  in  which  he  holds  such  office,  the  same  shall  thereby 


276  CONSTITUTION  OF  1898. 

be  vacated,  any  declaration  of  retention  of  domicile  to  the  contrary 
notwithstanding. 

Art.  211.  Returns  of  elections  for  all  civil  officers  who  are  to  bo 
commissioned  by  the  Governor  shall  be  made  to  the  Secretary  of  State, 
unless  otherwise  provided  in  this  Constitution. 

Art.  212.  All  elections  by  the  people,  except  primary  elections  and 
municipal  elections  in  towns  having  a  population  of  less  than  twenty-fivi; 
hundred,  when  such  elections  are  not  held  at  the  same  time  as  general 
State  elections,  shall  be  by  official  ballot,  printed  and  distributed  at 
the  expense  of  the  State;  and,  until  otherwise  provided  by  law,  such 
ballots  shall  have  printed  thereon,  and  at  the  head  and  immediately  pre- 
ceding the  list  of  names  of  the  candidates  of  each  political  party  or 
nominating  paper,  a  specific  and  separate  device  by  which  the  political 
party  and  the  candidates  of  such  political  party  or  nominating  paper 
may  be  indicated.  By  stamping  such  device  at  the  head  of  the  list 
of  candidates  of  each  political  party,  or  nominating  paper,  the  voter 
may  indicate  that  his  vote  is  for  the  entire  or  straight  ticket  of  the 
particular  party  or  nominating  paper  employing  the  particular  device 
allotted  to  such  political  party,  or  nominating  paper.  When  the  voter 
does  not  desire  to  vote  an  entire  or  straight  party  ticket,  he  may  vote 
for  candidates  of  any  political  party  or  nominating  paper,  by  stamping 
a  blank  space  to  be  left  opposite  the  name  of  each  candidate  on  said 
official  ballot. 

The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  some  plan  by  which  the  voters 
may  prepare  their  ballots  in  secrecy  at  the  polls.  This  article  shall  not 
be  construed  so  as  to  prevent  the  names  of  independent  candidates  from 
being  printed  on  the  ballots  with  a  device;  and  names  of  candidates 
may  be  written  on  the  ballot.  These  provisions  shall  not  apply  to  elec- 
tions for  the  imposition  of  special  taxes,  for  which  the  General  Assem- 
bly shall  provide  special  laws. 

Art.  213.  Electors  shall  not  be  registered  within  thirty  days  next 
preceding  any  election  at  which  they  may  offer  to  vote,  but  applications 
to  the  courts,  and  appeals  may  be  heard  and  determined,  and  revision 
take  place  at  any  time  prior  to  the  election,  and  no  person  who,  in 
respect  to  age  and  residence,  would  become  entitled  to  vote  within  the 
said  thirty  days,  shall  be  excluded  from  registration  on  account  of  his 
want  of  qualifications  at  the  time  of  his  application  for  registration. 

Art.  214.  The  Legislature  shall  provide  for  the  registration  of 
voters  throughout  the  State. 

Art.  215.  The  Legislature  shall  enact  laws  to  secure  fairness  in 
party  primary  elections,  conventions,  or  other  methods  of  naming  party 
candidates. 

Art.  216.  Li  the  trial  of  contested  elections  and  in  proceedings  for 
the  investigation  of  elections,  and  in  all  criminal  trials  under  the  elec- 
tion laws,  no  person  shall  bp  permitted  to  withhold  his  testimony  on  the 
grounds   that   he   may   criminate  himself   or   subject  himself   to  public 


CONSTITUTION  OP  1898.  277 

infamy,  but  such  testimony  shall  not  be  used  against  him  in  any  judi- 
cial proceedings  except  for  perjury  in  giving  such  testimony. 

IMPEACHMENT  AND  KEMOVAL  FKOM  OFFICE. 

Art.  217.  The  Governor,  Lieutenant  Governor,  Secretary  of  State. 
Auditor,  Treasurer,  Attorney  General,  Superintendent  of  Public  Edu- 
cation, Railroad  Commissioners,  and  the  Judges  of  all  the  Courts  of 
Record  in  this  State,  shall  be  liable  to  impeachment  for  high  crimes 
and  misdemeanors,  for  nonfeasance  or  malfeasance  in  office,  for  in- 
competency, for  corruption,  favoritism,  extortion  or  oppression  in  office, 
or  for  gross  misconduct,  or  habitual  drunkedness. 

Art.  218.  The  House  of  liepresentatives  shall  have  the  sole  power 
of  impeachment.  All  impeachments  shall  be  tried  by  the  Senate;  when 
sitting  for  that  puipose,  the  Senators  shall  be  upon  oath  or  affirmation, 
and  no  person  shall  be  convicted  without  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds 
of  the  Senators  present.  When  the  Governor  of  the  State  is  on  trial, 
the  Chief  Justice  or  the  senior  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court 
shall  preside. 

The  Senate  may  adjourn  the  trial  of  any  impeachment  from  time 
to  time,  as  it  may  deem  proper,  and  may  sit  for  the  purpose  of  such 
trial  whether  the  House  of  Representatives  or  the  Legislature  be  in  session 
or  not. 

Judgment  in  cases  of  impeachment  shall  extend  only  to  removal 
from  office  and  disqualification  from  holding  any  office  of  honor,  trust 
or  profit,  vmder  the  State,  but  the  party,  whether  convicted  or  acquitted, 
shall  nevertheless  be  liable  to  prosecution,  trial  and  punishment  according 
to  law. 

Art.  219.  All  officers  against  whom  articles  of  impeachment  are 
preferred,  except  the  Governor,  shall  be  suspended  from  office  during  the 
pendency  of  such  imi)eachment,  and  the  appointing  power  shall  make  a 
provisional  appointment  to  replace  any  suspended  officer  until  the  decision 
of  the  impeachment. 

Art.  220.  For  any  reasonable  cause,  whether  sufficient  for  im- 
peachment or  not,  the  Governor  shall  remove  any  officer  on  the  address 
of  two-thirds  of  the  members  elected  to  each  house  of  the  General  Assem- 
bly. In  every  such  case,  the  cause  or  causes  for  which  such  removal 
may  be  required  shall  be  stated  at  length  in  the  address  and  inserted  in 
the  Journal  of  each  House. 

Art.  221.  For  any  of  the  causes  specified  in  Art.  217,  Judges  of 
the  Courts  of  Appeal,  and  of  the  District  Courts  throughout  the  State 
may  be  removed  from  office  by  judgment  of  the  Supreme  Court,  which 
is  hereby  vested  with  original  jurisdiction  to  try  such  cases.  The  suit 
for  removal  may  be  instituted  by  the  Attorney  General  or  District  At- 
torney, whenever  in  his  opinion  sufficient  cause  exists  therefor;  and  it  is 
hereby  made  the  duty  of  the  Attorney  General  or  District  Attorney  to  in- 
stitute such  suit  wlienever  instructed  in  writing  by  the  Governor  so  to  do. 


278  CONSTITUTION   OF   1898. 

or  on  the  written  request  and  information  of  twenty-five  citizens  and 
tax  payers  residing  within  the  territorial  limits  of  the  district  or  cir- 
cuit over  which  the  judge  against  whom  the  suit  is  brought  exercises 
the  functions  of  his  ofiice.  Such  suits  shall  be  tried  after  citation  and 
ten  day's  delay  for  answering,  in  preference  to  all  other  suits,  and 
wherever  the  court  may  be  sitting;  but  the  pendency  of  such  suit  shall 
not  operate  a  suspension  from  office.  In  all  cases  where  the  officer 
sued,  as  above  directed,  shall  be  acquitted,  and  where  the  suit  is  instituted 
on  the  request  and  information  of  citizens,  judgment  shall  be  rendered 
jointly  and  in  solido  against  the  citizens  signing  the  request,  for  all  costs 
of  the  suit.  Judgments  in  cases  of  removal  under  this  article  shall 
extend  not  only  to  removals  from  office  and  disqualification  from  hold- 
ing any  office  of  honor,  trust,  or  profit  under  the  State,  but  also  to  dia- 
qualifieation  for  the  practice  of  law,  and  the  party,  whether  convicted 
or  not,  shall  nevertheless  be  liable  to  prosecution,  trial  and  punishment 
according  to  law. 

Art.  222.  For  any  of  the  causes  enumerated  in  Article  217,  mem- 
bers of  the  State  Board  of  Appraisers,  except  the  Auditor,  Railroad 
Commissioners,  District  Attorneys,  Clerks  of  Courts,  Sheriffs,  Coroners, 
Justices  of  the  Peace,  Judges  of  the  City  Courts,  and  of  other  inferior 
Courts  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans  and  elsewhere,  and  all  other  parish, 
municipal  and  ward  officers,  may  be  removed  by  judgment  of  the  Dis- 
trict Court  of  the  domicile  of  such  officer  (in  the  Parish  of  Orleans  the 
Civil  District  Court.)  The  District  Attorney  may,  whenever  in  his 
opinion  sufficient  cause  exists  therefor,  institute  such  suit,  and  it  shall 
be  his  duty  (except  when  the  suit  is  to  be  brought  against  himself), 
to  institute  such  suit  on  the  written  request  and  information  of  twenty- 
five  resident  citizens  and  taxpayers,  in  the  case  of  members  of  the  State 
Board  of  Appraisers,  Railroad  Commissioners,  district,  parish,  or  muni- 
cipal officers,  and  of  ten  resident  citizens  and  taxpayers  in  the  case  of 
ward  officers.  Such  suit  shall  be  brought  against  a  District  Attorney 
upon  such  written  request  and  information  by  the  District  Attorney  of 
an  adjoining  district,  or  by  counsel  appointed  by  the  judge  for  that 
purpose.  In  all  suits  instituted  under  this  article  the  defendant,  the 
State  and  the  citizens  and  taxpayers,  on  whose  information,  and  at  whose 
request  such  suit  may  have  been  brought,  or  any  one  of  them,  shall 
have  the  right  to  appeal,  both  on  the  law  and  the  facts,  from  the  judg- 
ment of  the  Court.  In  all  cases  where  the  officer  sued,  as  above  directed, 
shall  be  acquitted,  judgTnent  shall  be  rendered  jointly  and  in  solido  against 
the  citizens  signing  the  request,  for  all  costs  of  the  suit. 

In  cases  against  members  of  the  State  Board  of  Appraisers,  Railroad 
Commisioners,  District  Attorneys,  Clerks  and  Sheriffs,  the  appeal  shall 
be  to  the  Supreme  Court,  and  in  case  against  all  other  officers  the  appeal 
shall  be  to  the  Court  of  Appeal  of  the  proper  circuit. 

Such  appeals  shall  be  returnable  within  ten  days  to  the  appellate 
court  wherever  it  n^ay  be  sitting  or  wherever  it  may  hold  its  next  ses- 
sion, and  may  l>e  transferred  by  order  of  the  judges  of  said  court  to 


CONSTITUTION  OF   1898.  279 

another  parish  within  their  circuit,  and  such  appeals  shall  be  tried  by 
preference  over  all  others.  In  case  of  the  refusal  or  neglect  of  the  Dis- 
trict Attorney  or  Attorney  General  to  institute  and  prosecute  any  suit 
provided  for  in  this  and  the  preceding  article,  the  citizens  and  taxpayers 
making  the  request,  or  any  one  of  them,  shall  have  the  right  by  man- 
damus to  compel  him  to  perform  such  duty. 

The  institution  and  pendency  of  suits  brought  under  this  articli^ 
shall  not  operate  a  suspension  of  the  d'efendaut  from  office. 

Art.  223.  On  the  recommendation  of  the  Auditor  or  the  Police  Jury 
of  any  parish,  the  Governor  may  suspend  any  officer  charged  with  the 
collection  or  custody  of  public  funds  when  in  arrears. 

EEVENUE  AND  TAXATION. 

Art.  224.  The  taxing  power  may  be  exercised  by  the  General  Assem- 
bly for  State  purposes,  and  by  parishes  and  municipal  corporations  and 
public  boards,  under  authority  granted  to  them  by  the  General  Assem- 
bly, for  parish,  municipal,  and  local  purposes,  strictly  public  in  their 
nature. 

Art.  225.  Taxation  shall  be  equal  and  uniform  throughout  the  ter- 
ritorial limits  of  the  authority  levying  the  tax,  and  all  property  shall  he 
taxed  in  proportion  to  its  value,  to  be  ascertained  as  directed  by  law; 
provided,  the  assessment  of  all  property  shall  never  exceed  the  actual 
cash  value  thereof;  and  provided,  further,  that  the  tax  payers  shall 
have  the  right  of  testing  the  correctness  of  their  assessments  before 
the  courts  of  justice.  In  order  to  arrive  at  this  equality  and  uniform- 
ity, the  General  Assembly  shall,  at  its  first  session  after  the  adoption  of 
this  Constitution,  provide  a  system  of  equality  and  uniformity  iu 
assessments  based  upon  the  relative  value  of  property  in  the  dif- 
ferent portions  of  the  State.  The  valuations  put  upon  property  for  the 
purposes  of  State  taxation  shall  be  taken  as  the  proper  valuation  for 
purposes  of  local  taxation,  iii  every  subdivision  of  the  State. 

Art.  226.  There  shall  be  a  State  Board  of  Appraisers,  composed 
of  the  Auditor,  and  six  other  members,  to  be  elected  for  four  years 
by  the  Governor,  Lieutenant  Governor,  Treasurer,  Attorney  General, 
and  Secretary  of  State,  one  from  each  Congressional  District,  whose 
duty  it  shall  be  to  assess  the  property  belonging  to  corporations,  asso- 
ciations and  individuals  employed  in  railway,  telegraph,  telephone, 
sleeping  car  and  express  business.  The  General  Assembly  shall  fix  the 
compensation  of  said  board. 

Art.  227.  The  taxing  power  shall  be  exercised  only  to  carry  on 
and  maintain  the  government  of  the  State  and  the  public  institutions 
thereof,  to  educate  the  children  of  the  State,  to  preserve  the  public 
health,  to  pay  the  principal,  and  interest  of  the  public  debt,  to  suppress 
insurrection,  to  repel  invasion  or  defend  the  State  in  time  of  war,  to 
provide  pensions  for  indigent  Confederate  soldiers  and  sailors,  and  thei"* 
widows,  to  establish  markers  or  monuments  upon  the  battlefields  of  the 
country  commemorative  of  the  services  of  Louisiana   soldiers  on   such 


280  CONSTITUTION  OF  1898. 

fields,  to  maintain  a  memorial  hall  in  New  Orleans  for  the  collection 
and  preservation  of  relies  and  memorials  of  the  late  Civil  Wat,  ind  for 
levee  purposes,  as  hereinafter  provided. 

Art.  228.  The  power  to  tax  corporations  and  corporate  'operty 
shall  never  be  surrendered  nor  suspended  by  act  of  the  General  Assembly. 

Art.  229.  The  General  Assembly  may  levy  a  license  tax,  and  in 
such  case  shall  graduate  the  amount  of  such  tax  to  be  collected  from 
the  persons  pursuing  the  several  trades,  professions,  vocations,  and 
callings.  All  persons,  associations  of  persons  and  corporations  pursuing 
any  trade,  profession,  businet  oi  calling,  may  be  rendered  liable  to  such 
tax,  except  clerks,  laborers,  clergymen,  school  teachers,  those  engaged  in 
mechanical,  agricultural,  horticultural,  and  mining  pursuits,  and  manu- 
facturers other  than  those  of  distilled,  alcoholic  or  malt  liquors,  tobacco, 
cigars,  and  cotton  seed  oil.  No  political  corporation  shall  impose  a 
greater  license  tax  than  is  imposed  by  the  General  Assembly  for  State 
pui-poses.  This  restriction  shall  not  apply  to  dealers  in  distilled,  alco- 
holic or  malt  liquors. 

The  General  Assembly  shall  have  authority  to  provide  that  muni- 
cipalities levying  license  taxes  equal  in  amount  to  those  levied  by  police 
juries  for  parochial  purposes,  shall  be  exempted  from  the  payment  of 
such  parochial  licenses. 

Art.  230.  The  following  shall  be  exempt  from  taxation,  and  no 
other,  viz:  All  public  property,  places  of  religious  worship,  or  burial, 
all  charitable  institutions,  all  buildings  and  property  used  exclusively  for 
public  monuments  or  historical  collections,  colleges  and  other  school 
purposes,  the  real  and  personal  estate  of  any  public  library,  and  that 
of  any  other  library  association  used  by  or  connected  with  such  library, 
all  books  and  philosophical  apparatus,  and  all  paintings  and  statuary 
of  any  company  or  association  kept  in  public  hall;  provided,  the  prop- 
erty so  exempted  be  not  leased  for  purposes  of  private  or  corporate  profit 
and  income.  There  shall  also  be  exempt  from  taxation  household 
property  to  the  value  of  five  hundred  dollars.  There  shall  also  be 
exempt  from  parochial  and  municipal  taxation  for  a  period  of  ten  years 
from  the  1st  day  of  January,  1900,  the  capital,  machinerj  and  other 
property  employed  in  mining  operations,  and  in  the  manufacture  of 
textile  fabrics,  yarns,  rope,  cordage,  leather,  shoes,  harness,  saddlery, 
hats,  clothings,  flour,  machinery,  articles  of  tin,  copper  and  sheet  iron, 
agricultural  implements,  and  furniture  and  other  articles  of  wood,  marble 
or  stone;  soap,  stationery,  ink  and  paper,  boat  building  and  fertilizers 
and  chemicals ;  provided,  that  not  less  than  five  hands  are  employed  in 
any  one  factory;  provided,  that  nothing  herein  contained  shall  affect 
the  exemptions  provided   for  by  existing  constitutional  provisions. 

There  shall  also  be  exempt  from  taxation  for  a  period  of  ten  years 
from  the  date  of  its  completion  any  railroad  or  part  of  such  railroad 
that  may  hereafter  be  constructed  and  completed  prior  to  January  1st, 
1904;  provided,  that  when  aid  has  heretofore  been  voted  by  any  parish, 
ward,  or  munioipality  to  any  railroad  not  yet  constructed,  such  railroad 
shall  not  be  entitled  to  the  exemption  from  taxation  herein  established. 


CONSTITUTION  OF   1898.  281 

unless  it  waives  and  relinquishes  such  aid  or  consents  to  a  resubmis- 
sion of  the  question  of  granting  such  aid  to  a  vote  of  the  property  tax 
payers  of  the  parish,  ward,  or  municipality,  which  has  voted  the  samv^, 
if  one-third  of  such  property  tax  payers  petition  for  the  same  within 
six  months  after  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution. 

And  provided,  further,  that  this  exemption  shall  not  apply  to  double 
tracks,  sidings,  switches,  depots  or  other  improvements  or  betterments, 
which  may  be  constructed  by  railroads  now  in  operation  within  the 
State,  other  than  extensions  or  new  lines  constructed  by  such  railroads; 
nor  shall  the  exemption  hereinabove  granted  apply  to  any  railroad  or 
part  of  such  railroad,  the  construction  of  which  was  begun  and  the 
road  bed  of  which  was  substantially  completed  at  the  date  of  the  adoption 
of  this  constitution. 

The  property  or  real  estate  belonging  to  any  military  organization 
of  the  State  of  Louisiana  which  is  used  by  the  State  National  Guard  or 
militia  for  military  purposes,  such  as  arsenals  or  armories,  while  so 
used,  shall  be  exempt  from  taxation. 

Art.  231.  The  General  Assembly  shall  levy  an  annual  poll  tax 
of  one  dollar  upon  every  male  inhabitant  in  the  State  between  the  ages 
of  twenty-one  and  sixty  years,  for  the  maintenance  of  the  public  schools 
in  the  parishes  where  collected. 

Art.  232.  The  State  tax  on  property  for  all  purposes  whatever, 
including  expense  of  government,  schools,  levees  and  interest,  shall  not 
exceed,  in  any  one  year,  six  mills  on  the  dollar  of  its  assessed  valua- 
tion, and,  except  as  otherwise  provided  in  this  Constitution,  no  parish, 
municipal  or  public  board  tax  for  all  purposes  whatsoever,  shall  exceed 
in  any  one  year  ten  mills  on  the  dollar  of  valuation ;  provided,  that 
for  giving  additional  supiwrt  to  public  schools,  and  for  the  purpose 
of  erecting  and  constructing  public  buildings,  public  school  houses, 
bridges,  wharves,  levees,  sewerage  work  and  other  works  of  permanent 
public  improvement,  the  title  to  which  shall  be  in  the  public,  any  parish, 
muncipal  corporation,  ward  or  school  district  may  levy  a  special  tax 
in  excess  of  said  limitation,  whenever  the  rate  of  such  increase  and 
the  number  of  years  it  is  to  be  levied  and  the  purposes  for  which  the 
tax  is  intended,  shall  have  been  submitted  to  a  vote  of  the  property 
taxpayers  of  such  parish,  municipality,  ward  or  school  district  entitled 
to  vote  under  the  election  laws  of  the  State,  and  a  majority  of  the  same 
in  numbers,  and  in  value  voting  at  such  election  shall  have  voted  therefor. 

A_RT.  233.  There  shall  be  no  forfeiture  of  property  for  the  non- 
payment of  taxes,  State,  levee  district,  parochial  or  municipal,  but  at 
the  expiration  of  the  year  in  which  said  taxes  are  due  the  collector  shall, 
without  suit,  and  after  giving  notice  to  the  delinquent  in  the  manner  to 
be  provided  by  law,  advertise  for  sale  in  the-  official  journal  of  the 
parish,  city  or  municipality,  provided  there  be  an  official  journal  in 
such  parish,  city  or  municipality,  the  property  on  which  the  taxes  are 
due  in  the  manner  provided  for  judicial  sales,  and  on  the  day  of  sale 
he  shall  sell  such  portion  of  the  property  as  the  debtor  shall  point  out; 


282  CONSTITUTION  OF   1898. 

and  in  case  the  debtor  shall  not  point  out  sufficient  property,  the  col- 
lector shall,  at  once  and  without  further  delay,  sell  the  least  quantity 
of  property  which  any  bidder  will  buy  for  the  amount  of  the  taxes, 
interest  and  costs.  The  sale  shall  be  without  appraisement,  and  the 
property  sold  shall  be  redeemable  at  any  time  for  the  space  of  one  year, 
by  paying  the  price  given,  including  costs,  and  twenty  per  cent,  thereon. 
No  judgment  annulling  a  tax  sale  shall  have  effect  until  the  price  and  all 
taxes  and  costs  paid,  with  ten  per  cent,  per  annum  interest  on  the  amount 
of  the  price  and  taxes  paid  from  date  of  respective  payments,  be  pre- 
viously paid  to  the  purchaser;  provided,  this  shall  not  apply  to  sales  an- 
nulled on  account  of  taxes  having  been  paid  prior  to  the  date  of  sale, 
or  dual  assessments.  All  deeds  of  sale  made,  or  that  may  be  made,  by 
the  collectors  of  taxes,  shall  be  received  by  courts  in  evidence  as  prima 
facie  valid  sales. 

No  sale  of  property  for  taxes  shall  be  set  aside  for  any  cause, 
except  on  proof  of  dual  assessment,  or  of  payment  of  the  taxes  for 
which  the  property  was  sold  prior  to  the  date  of  the  sale,  unless  the 
proceeding  to  annul  is  instituted  within  six  months  from  service  of 
notice  of  sale,  which  notice  shall  not  be  served  until  the  time  of  redemp- 
tion has  expired,  or  within  three  years  from  the  adoption  of  this  Con- 
stitution, as  to  sales  already  made  and  within  three  years  from  tho 
date  of  recordation  of  the  tax  deed,  as  to  sales  made  hereafter,  if  no  notice 
is  given.  The  manner  of  notice  and  form  of  proceeding  to  quiet  tax 
titles  shall  be  provided  by  law.  Taxes  on  movables  shall  be  collected 
by  seizure  and  sale  by  the  tax  collector  of  the  movable  property  of  the 
delinquent,  whether  it  be  the  property  assessed  or  not,  sufficient  to  pay 
the  tax.  Sale  of  such  property  shall  be  made  at  public  auction,  without 
appraisement,  after  ten  day's  advertisement,  made  within  ten  days  from 
date  of  seizure,  and  shall  be  absolute  and  without  redemption. 

If  the  tax  collector  can  find  no  corporeal  movables  of  the  delinquent 
to  seize,  he  may  levy  on  incorporated  rights,  by  notifying  the  debtor 
thereof,  or  he  may  proceed  by  summary  rule  in  the  courts  to  compel  tho- 
delinquent  to  deliver  up  for  sale  property  in  his  possession  or  under 
his  control. 

Art.  234.  The  tax  shall  be  designated  by  the  year  in  which  it  is 
collectable,  and  the  tax  on  movable  property  shall  be  collected  in  the 
year  in  which  the  assessment  is  made. 

Art.  235.  The  Legislature  shall  have  power  to  levy,  solely  for  the 
support  of  the  public  schools,  a  tax  upon  all  inheritances,  legacies,  and 
donations;  provided,  no  direct  inheritance,  or  donation,  to  an  ascendant 
or  descendant,  below  ten  thousand  dollars  in  amount  or  value  shall  bo 
so  taxed ;  provided  further,  that  no  such  tax  shall  exceed  three  per  cent, 
for  direct  inheritances  and  donations  to  ascendants  or  descendants,  and 
ten  per  cent,  for  collateral  inheritances,  and  donations  to  collaterals  or 
strangers;  provided,  bequests  to  educational,  religious  ,or  charitable  insti- 
tutions shall  be  exempt  from  this  tax. 

Art.  236.     The  tax  provided  for  in  the  preceding  aitfcle  shall  not 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1898.  283 

be  enforced  when  the  property  donated  or  inherited  shall  have  borne  it3 
just  proportioa  of  taxes  prior  to  the  time  of  such  donation  or  inheritance. 

Art.  237.  The  Legislature  shall  pass  no  law  postponing  the  payment 
of  taxes,  except  in  case  of  overflow,  general  conflagration,  general  destruc- 
tion of  crops,  or  other  public  calamity. 

Art.  238.  A  levee  system  shall  be  maintained  in  the  State,  and  a 
tax  not  to  exceed  one  mill  may  be  levied  annually  on  all  property  subject 
to  taxation,  and  shall  be  applied  exclusively  to  the  maintenance  and 
repairs  of  levees. 

Art.  239.  The  General  Assembly  may  divide  the  State  into  Levee 
Districts,  and  provide  for  the  appointment  or  election  of  Levee  Com- 
missioners in  said  districts,  who  shall,  in  the  method  and  manner  to  be 
provided  by  law,  have  supervision  of  the  erection,  repair,  and  mainte- 
nance of  the  levees  in  said  districts;  to  that  effect  the  Levee  Commis- 
sioners may  levy  a  tax  not  to  exceed  ten  mills  on  the  taxable  property 
situated  within  the  alluvial  portions  of  said  districts  subject  to  over- 
flow; provided,  that  in  case  of  necessity  to  raise  additional  funds  for 
the  purpose  of  constructing,  preserving,  or  repairing  any  levees  pro- 
tecting the  lands  of  a  district,  the  rate  of  taxation  herein  limited,  may 
be  increased,  when  the  rate  of  such  increase  and  the  necessity  and 
purpose  for  which  it  is  intended  shall  have  been  submitted  to  a  vote 
of  the  property  tax  payers  of  such  district,  paying  taxes  for  themselves, 
or  in  any  representative  capacity,  whether  resident  or  non-resident,  on 
property  situated  within  the  alluvial  portion  of  said  district  subject 
to  overflow,  and  a  majority  of  those  in  number  and  value,  voting  at 
such  election,  shall  have  voted  therefor.  The  Boards  of  Commissioners 
of  the  several  levee  districts,  when  authorized  so  to  do  by  the  State 
Board  of  Engineers,  shall  have  full  power  and  authority  to  contract  with 
and  permit  any  steam  railroad  corporation  to  construct,  maintain,  freely 
use  and  operate  on  the  public  levees,  a  railroad  track  or  tracks;  the 
supervision,  control  and  general  police  power  over  such  levees,  however, 
to  remain  in  and  with  the  several  levee  boards.  Provided,  that  nothing 
herein  contained  shall  be  construed  as  divesting  either  the  General 
Assembly  or  the  municipal  government  of  any  incorporated  town  or  city 
in  this  State  of  the  jurisidction,  control,  or  police  power  now  vested  in 
them,  or  either  of  them;  and  provided  further,  that  no  right  or  privi- 
lege shall  be  granted  to  any  one  or  more  railroad  companies  which 
shall  preclude  like  grants  to  other  companies  willing  to  contribute  pro 
rata  to  the  common  expense,  incurred  or  to  be  incurred. 

The  several  levee  districts  of  the  State,  for  the  purpose  of  refunding 
the  bonds  heretofore  issued  by  them  under  authority  granted  by  the 
Legislature,  and  in  order  that  they  may  negotiate  to  better  advantage 
that  portion  of  their  authorized  issue  of  bonds  not  yet  disposed  of, 
may  issue  bonds  in  lieu  of  said  bonds  outstanding  or  not  yet  disposed 
of.  The  Legislature  shall  pass  an  act  to  carry  this  provision  into  effect, 
but  bonds  issued  under  this  provision  shall  not  bear  rate  of  interest 
greater  than  five  per  cent.,  or  be  disposed  of  at  less  than  par,  and  it 


284  CONSTITUTION  OF   1898, 

shall  not  be  obligatory  on  the  holders  of  the  said  outstanding  bonds  to 
give  up  the  same  in  exchange  before  the  maturity  thereof. 

All  the  provisions  of  this  article  are  held  to  apply  to  the  levee  district 
of  which  the  City  of  iNew  Orleans  forms,  or  may  hereafter  form,  a 
Ijart;  provided,  that  nothing  herein  shall  be  construed  as  affecting  any 
existing  legislation  upon  the  subject  of  the  taxing  power  of  the  com- 
missioners of  said  district,  or  as  affecting  the  power  of  the  Legisla- 
ture, under  the  Constitution  of  1879,  and  the  amendments  thereto,  with 
respect  to  such  power. 

Art.  240.  The  provisions  of  the  above  two  articles  shall  cease  to 
have  effect  whenever  the  Federal  government  shall  assume  permanent 
control  and  provide  the  ways  and  means  for  the  maintenance  of  levees 
in  this  State.  The  Federal  government  is  authorized  to  make  such 
geological,  topographical,  hydrographical  and  hydrometrical  surveys  and 
investigations  within  the  State  as  may  be  necessary  to  carry  into  effect 
the  Act  of  Congress  to  provide  for  the  appointment  of  a  Mississippi  River 
Commission  for  the  improvement  of  said  river,  from  the  head  of 
Passes  near  its  mouth  to  the  headwaters,  and  to  construct  and  protect 
such  public  works  and  improvements  as  may  be  ordered  by  Congress  under 
the  provisions  of  said   act. 

'  Art.  241.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  power,  with  the  con- 
currence of  an  adjacent  State  or  States,  to  create  levee  districts  composed 
of  territory  partly  in  this  State  and  partly  in  an  adjacent  State  or  States, 
and  the  Levee  Commissioners  for  such  district  or  districts  shall  possess 
all  the  powers  provided  by  Article  239  of  the  Constitution. 

Art.  242.  Corporations,  companies  or  associations  organized  or 
domiciled  out  of  the  State,  but  doing  business  therein,  may  be  licensed 
and  taxed  by  a  mode  different  from  that  provided  for  home  corporations 
or  companies;  provided,  said  different  mode  of  license  shall  be  uniform, 
upon  a  graduated  system,  and  said  different  mode  of  taxation  shall  be 
equal  and  uniform  as  to  all  such  corporations,  companies  or  associations 
that  transact  the  same  kind  of  business. 

Art.  243.  All  the  articles  and  provisions  of  this  Constitution  regu- 
lating and  relating  to  the  collection  of  State  taxes  and  tax  sales  shall  also 
apply  to  and  regulate  the  collection  of  parish,  district,  municipal,  board 
and   ward    taxes. 

HOMESTEAD  EXEMPTIONS. 

Art.  244.  There  shall  be  exempt  from  seizure  and  sale  by  any  process 
whatever,  except  as  herein  provided,  and  without  registration,  the  home- 
stead, bona  fide,  owned  by  the  debtor  and  occupied  by  him,  consisting  of 
lands,  not  exceeding  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  buildings  and  appur- 
tenances, whether  rural  or  urban,  of  every  head  of  a  family,  or  person 
having  a  mother  or  father,  or  a  person  or  persons  dependent  on  him  or 
her  for  support ;  also  two  work  horses,  one  wagon  or  cart,  one  yoke  of 
oxen,  two  cows  and  calves,  twenty-five  head  of  hogs,  or  one  thousand 
pounds  of  bacon  or  its  equivalent  in  pork,  whether  the  exempted  objects 


CONSTITUTION  OF   1898.  285 

be  attached  to  a  homestead  or  not,  and  on  a  farm  the  necessary  quantity 
of  corn  and  fodder  for  the  current  year,  and  the  necessary  farming  imple- 
ments, to  the  value  of  two  thousand  dollars. 

Provided,  that  in  case  the  homestead  exceeds  two  thousand  dollars 
in  value,  the  beneficiary  shall  be  entitled  to  that  amount  in  case  a  sale 
of  the  homestead  under  any  legal  process  realizes  more  than  that  sum. 
;  No  husband  shall  have  the  benefit  of  a  homestead  whose  wife  owns 
and  is  in  the  actual  enjoyment  of  property  or  means  to  the  amount  of 
two  thousand  dollars. 

The  benefit  of  this  exemption  may  be  claimed  by  the  surviving  spouse, 
or  minor  child  or  children,  of  a  deceased  beneficiary. 

Art.  245.  Eights  to  homesteads  or  exemptions,  under  laws  or  con- 
tracts, or  obligations  existing  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  this  Consti- 
tution, shall  not  be  impaired,  repealed  or  affected  by  any  provision  of 
this  Constitution,  or  any  laws  passed  in  pursuance  thereof. 

This  exemption  shall  not  apply  to  the  following  debts,  to-wit: 

1st.     For  the  purchase  price  of  property  or  any  part  thereof. 

Qd.  For  labor,  money,  and  material  furnished  for  building,  repair- 
ing or  improving  homesteads. 

3d.  For  liabilities  incurred  by  any  public  officer,  or  fiduciary,  or 
any  attorney  at  law,  for  money  collected  or  received  on  deposit. 

4th.     For  taxes  or  assessments. 

5th.  For  rent  which  bears  a  privilege  upon  said  property.  No  court 
or  ministerial  officer  of  this  State  shall  ever  have  jurisdiction  or  authority 
to  enforce  any  judgment,  execution  or  decree  against  the  property  ex- 
empted as  a  homestead,  except  the  debts  above  mentioned  in  numbers  one, 
two,  three,  four  and  five,  of  this  article ;  provided,  the  property  herein 
declared  exempt  shall  not  exceed  in  value  two  thousand  dollars. 

Art.  246.  The  right  to  sell  any  property  that  is  exempt  as  home- 
stead shall  be  preserved ;  but  no  sale  shall  destroy  or  impair  any  rights  of 
creditors  therein.  Any  person  entitled  to  a  homestead  may  waive  the 
same  by  signing  with  his  wife,  if  she  be  not  separated  a  mensa  et  thoro, 
and  having  recorded  in  the  office  of  the  Recorder  of  Mortgages  of  his 
parish  a  written  waiver  of  the  same,  in  whole  or  in  part.  Such  waiver 
may  be  either  general  or  special,  and  shall  have  effect  from  the  time  of 
recording. 

Art.  247.  The  articles  of  this  Constitution  relating  to  homesteads 
and  exemption  shall  take  effect  on  January  1st,  1899,  In  the  Parish  of 
Orleans,  the  homestead  to  be  valid  shall  be  recorded  as  is  now  or  may  be 
provided  by  law. 

PUBLIC  EDUCATION. 

Art.  248.  There  shall  be  free  public  schools  for  the  white  and  colored 
races,  separately  established  by  the  General  Assembly,  throughout  the 
State,  for  the  education  of  all  the  children  of  the  State  between  the  ages 
of  six  and  eighteen  years;  provided,  that  where  kindergarten  schools  exist, 
children  between  the  ages  of  four  and  six  may  be  admitted  into  said 


286  CONSTITUTION  OF   1898. 

schools.  All  funds  raised  by  the  State  for  the  support  of  public  schools, 
except  the  poll  tax,  shall  be  distributed  to  each  parish  in  proportion  to  the 
ininiber  of  children  therein  between  the  ages  of  six  and  eighteen  years. 
The  General  Assembly  at  its  next  session  shall  provide  for  the  enumera- 
tion oi  educablo  children. 

Art.  249.  There  shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  electors  of  the  State 
a  Superintendent  of  Public  Education,  who  shall  hold  this  office  for  the 
term  of  four  years  and  until  his  successor  is  qualified.  His  duties  shall 
be  prescribed  by  law,  and  he  shall  receive  an  annual  salary  of  two  thou- 
sand dollars.  The  aggregate  annual  expenses  of  his  office,  including  his 
salary,  shall  not  exceed  the  sum  of  four  thousand  dollars. 

Art.  250.  The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  for  the  creation  oi 
a  State  Board  and  Parish  Boards  of  Public  Education.  The  Parish  Boards 
shall  elect  a  Parish  Superintendent  of  Public  Education  for  their  respec- 
tive parishes,  whose  qualifications  shall  be  fixed  by  the  Legislature,  and 
who  shall  be  ex-officio  secretary  of  the  Parish  Board.  The  salary  of  the 
Parish  Superintendent  shall  be  provided  for  by  the  General  Assembly, 
to  be  paid  out  of  the  public  school  funds  accruing  to  the  respective 
parishes. 

Art.  251.  The  general  exercises  in  the  public  schools  shall  be  con- 
ducted in  the  English  language;  provided,  that  the  French  language  may 
be  taught  in  those  parishes  or  localities  where  the  French  language  pre- 
dominates, if  no  additional  expense  is  incurred  thereby. 

Art.  252.  The  funds  derived  from  the  collection  of  the  poll  tax 
shall  be  applied  exclusively  to  the  maintenance  of  the  public  schools  as 
organized  under  this  Constitution,  and  shall  be  applied  exclusively  to  the 
support  of  the  public  schools  in  the  parish  in  which  the  same  shall  be 
collected,  and  shall  be  accounted  for  and  paid  by  the  collecting  officer 
directly  to  the  treasurer  of  the  local  school  board. 

Art.  253.  No  funds  raised  for  the  support  of  the  public  schools  of 
the  State  shall  be  appropriated  to  or  used  for  the  support  of  any  private 
or  sectarian  schools; 

Art.  254.  The  school  funds  of  the  State  shall  consist  of:  1st.  Not 
less  than  one  and  one-quarter  mills  of  the  six  mills  tax  levied  and  collected 
by  the  State.  2d.  The  proceeds  of  taxation  for  school  purposes  as  pro- 
vided by  this  Constitution.  3d.  The  interest  on  the  proceeds  of  all 
public  lands  heretofore  granted  or  to  be  granted  by  the  United  States 
for  the  support  of  the  public  schools,  and  the  revenue  derived  from  such 
lands  as  may  still  remain  unsold.  4th.  Of  lands  and  other  property 
heretofore  or  hereafter  bequeathed,  granted  or  donated  to  the  State  for 
school  purposes.  5th.  All  funds  and  property,  other  than  unimproved 
lands,  bequeathed  or  granted  to  the  State,  not  designated  for  any  other 
purpose.  6th.  The  proceeds  of  vacant  estates  falling  under  the  law  to 
the  State  of  Louisiana.  7th.  The  Legislature  may  appropriate  to  the 
same  fund  the  proceeds  of  public  lands  not  designated  or  set  apart  for 
any  other  purpose,  and  shall  provide  that  every  parish  may  levy  a  tax 
for  the  public  schools  therein,  which  shall  not  exceed  the  entire  State 


CONSTITUTION  OF   1898,  '  287 

tax;  provided,  that  with  such  a  lax  the  whole  amount  of  parish  taxes  shall 
not  exceed  the  limits  of  parish  taxation  fixed  by  this  Constitution.  The 
City  of  New  Orleans  shall  make  such  appropriation  for  the  support, 
maintenance  and  repair  of  the  public  schools  of  said  city  as  it  may  deem 
proper,  but  not  less  than  eight-tenths  of  one  mill  for  any  one  year;  and 
said  schools  shall  also  continue  to  receive  from  the  Board  of  Liquidation 
of  the  City  Debt  the  amounts  to  which  they  are  now  entitled  under  the 
Constitutional  Amendment  adopted  in  the  year  1892. 

Art.  255.  The  Louisiana  State  University  and  Agricultural  and 
Mechanical  College,  founded  upon  the  land  grants  of  the  United  States 
to  endow  a  seminary  of  learning  and  a  college  for  tlie  benefit  of  agriculture 
and  the  meclianic  arts,  now  established  and  located  in  the  City  of  Baton 
Rouge,  is  hereby  recognized;  and  all  revenues  derived  and  to  be  derived 
from  the  seminary  fund,  the  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College  fund, 
and  other  funds  or  lands  donated  or  to  be  donated  by  the  United  States 
to  the  State  of  Louisiana  for  the  use  of  a  seminary  of  learning  or  of  a 
college  for  the  benefit  of  agriculture  or  the  mechanic  arts,  shall  be  appro- 
priated exclusively  to  the  maintenance  and  support  of  said  Louisiana 
State  L^niversity  and  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College;  and  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  shall  make  such  additional  appropriations  as  may  be  neces- 
sary for  its  maintenance,  support  and  improvement,  and  for  the  estab- 
lishment, in  connection  with  said  institution,  of  such  additional  scientific 
or  literary  departments  as  the  public  necessities  and  the  well-being  of  the 
people  of  Louisiana  may  require;  provided,  that  the  appropriation  shall 
not  exceed  fifteen  thousand  dollars  per  annum  for  its  maintenance  and 
support. 

The  Tulane  University  of  Louisiana,  located  in  New  Orleans,  is 
hereby  recognized  as  created  and  to  be  developed  in  accordance  with  the 
provisions  of  the  legislative  act.  No.  43,  approved  July  5,  1884,  and  by 
approval  of  the  electors,  made  part  of  the  Constitution  of  the  State. 

Art.  256.  The  Louisiana  State  Normal  School,  established  and 
located  at  Natchitoches;  the  Industrial  Institute  and  College  of  Louisi- 
ana, whose  name  is  herebj'  chnnged  to  the  Louisiana  Industrial  Institute, 
established  and  located  at  Huston,  and  the  Southern  University,  now 
established  in  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  for  the  education  of  persons  of 
color,  are  hereby  recognized,  and  the  General  Assembly  is  directed  to 
make  such  appropriations  from  time  to  time  as  may  be  necessary  for  the 
maintenance,  support  and  improvement  of  these  institutions;  provided, 
that  the  appropriation  for  the  maintenance  and  support  of  the  Louisiana 
Industrial  Institute  shall  not  exceed  fifteen  thousand  dollars  per  annum, 
and  that  for  the  Southern  University  shall  not  exceed  ten  thousand. 

Art.  257.  The  debt  due  by  the  State  to  the  free  school  fund  is 
hereby  declared  to  be  the  sum  of  one  million  one  hundred  and  thirty  thou- 
sand eight  hundred  and  sixty-seven  dollars  and  fifty-one  cents  in  principal, 
and  shall  be  kept  on  the  books  of  the  Auditor  and  Treasurer  to  the  credit 
of  the  several  townships  entitled  to  the  same;  the  said  principal  being 
the  proceeds  of  the  sales  of  lands  heretofore  granted  by  the  United  Statea 


288  •  CONSTITUTION  OF  1898. 

for  the  use  and  support  of  free  public  schools,  which  amount  shall  bo 
held  by  the  State  as  a  loan,  and  shall  be  and  remain  a  perpetual  fund, 
on  which  the  State  shall  pay  an  annual  interest  of  ioui  per  cent.,  and 
that  said  interest  shall  be  paid  to  the  several  townships  in  the  State 
entitled  to  the  same,  in  accordance  with  the  Act  of  Congress,  No.  68, 
approved  February  15th,  1843. 

Art.  258.  The  debt  due  by  the  State  to  the  seminary  fund  is  hereby 
declared  to  be  one  hundred  and  thirty-six  thousand  dollars,  being  the 
proceeds  of  the  sale  of  lands  heretofore  granted  by  the  United  States  to 
this  State  for  the  use  of  a  seminary  of  learning,  and  said  amount  shall 
te  kept  to  the  credit  of  said  fund  on  the  books  of  the  Auditor  and 
Treasurer  of  the  State  as  a  perpetual  loan,  and  the  State  shall  pay  an 
annual  interest  of  four  per  cent,  on  said  amount. 

Art.  259.  The  debt  due  by  the  State  to  the  Agricultural  and  Mechan- 
ical College  fund  is  hereby  declared  to  be  the  sum  of  one  hundred  and 
eighty-two  thousand  three  hundred  and  thirteen  dollars  and  three  cents, 
being  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  lands  and  land  scrip  heretofore  granted 
by  the  United  States  to  this  State  for  the  use  of  a  college  for  the  benefil. 
of  agricultural  and  mechanical  arts;  and  said  amount  shall  be  kept  to 
the  credit  of  said  fund  on  the  books  of  the  Auditor  and  Treasurer  of  the 
State  as  a  perpetual  loan,  and  the  State  shall  pay  an  annual  interest  of 
five  per  cent,  on  said  amount. 

Art.  260.  The  interest  due  on  the  free  school  fund,  the  seminary 
fund  and  the  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College  fund,  shall  be  paid 
out  of  any  tax  that  may  be  levied  and  collected  for  the  payment  of  the 
interest  on  the  State  debt. 

Art.  261.  All  pupils  in  the  primary  grades  in  the  public  schools 
throughout  the  Parish  of  Orleans,  unable  to  provide  themselves  with  the 
requisite  books,  an  affidavit  to  that  effect  having  been  made  by  one  of  the 
parents  of  such  pupils,  or  if  such  parents  be  dead,  then  by  the  tutoo* 
or  other  person  in  charge  of  such  pupils,  shall  be  furnished  with  the 
necessary  books,  free  of  expense,  to  be  paid  for  out  of  the  school  fund 
of  said  parish;  and  the  School  Board  of  the  Parish  of  Orleans  is  hereby 
directed  to  appropriate  annually. not  less  than  two  thousand  dollars  for 
the  purpose  named,  provided  such  amount  be  needed. 

CORPORATIONS  AND  CORPORATE  RIGHTS. 

Art.  262.  The  General  Assembly  shall  not  remit  the  forfeiture  of 
the  charter  of  any  corporation  now  existing,  nor  renew,  alter  or  amend 
the  same,  nor  pass  any  general  or  special  law  for  the  benefit  of  such 
corporation,  except  upon  the  condition  that  such  corporation  shall  there- 
after hold  its  charter  subject  to  the  provisions  of  this  Constitution. 

Art.  263.  The  exercise  of  the  police  power  of  the  State  shall  never 
be  abridged  nor  so  construed  as  to  permit  corporations  to  conduct  their 
business  in  such  manner  as  to  infringe  the  equal  rights  of  individuals 
or  the  general  well-being  of  the  State. 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1898.  289 

Art.  264.  No  domestic  or  foreign  corporations  shall  do  any  business 
in  this  b^tate  without  having  one  or  more  known  places  of  business 
and  an  authorized  agent  or  agents  in  the  State  upon  whom  process  may 
be  served. 

Art.  265.  No  corporation  shall  engage  in  any  business  other  than 
that  expressly  authorized  in  its  charter  or  incidental  thereto,  nor  shall 
it  take  or  hold  any  real  estate  for  a  longer  period  than  ten  years,  except 
such  as  may  be  necessary  and  proper  for  its  legitimate  business  or 
purposes. 

Art.  266.  No  corporation  shall  issue  stock  or  bonds,  except  for 
labor  done  or  money  or  property  actually  received,  and  all  fictitious 
issues  of  stock  shall  be  void,  and  any  corporation  issuing  such  fictitious 
stock  shall  forfeit  its  charter. 

Art.  267.  The  stock  shall  neither  be  increased  nor  decreased,  except 
in  pursuance  of  general  laws,  nor  without  consent  of  persons  holding  the 
larger  amount  in  value  of  the  stock,  first  obtained  at  a  meeting  of 
stockholders  to  be  held  after  thirty  days'  notice  given  in  pursuance  of  law. 

Art.  268.  The  term  corporation,  as  used  in  this  Constitution,  shall 
be  construed  to  include  all  joint  stock  companies  or  associations  having 
any  power  or  privilege  not  possessed  by  individuals  or  partnership. 

Art.  269.  It  shall  be  a  crime,  the  punishment  of  which  shall  b© 
prescribed  by  law,  for  any  president,  director,  manager,  cashier,  or  other 
oflficer  or  owner  of  any  private  or  public  bank  or  banking  institution  or 
other  corporation  accepting  deposits  or  loans  to  assent  to  the  reception 
of  deposits,  or  the  creation  of  debts  by  such  banking  institutions,  after 
he  shall  have  the  knowledge  of  the  fact  that  it  is  insolvent  or  in  failing 
circumstances;  any  such  ofiicer,  agent  or  manager  shall  be  individually 
responsible  for  such  deposits  so  received  and  all  such  debts  so  created 
with  his  assent. 

Art.  270.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  power  to  enact  general 
laws  authorizing  the  parochial,  ward  and  municipal  authorities  of  th« 
State,  by  a  vote  of  the  majority  of  the  property  tax  payers  in  number 
entitled  to  vote  under  the  provisions  of  this  Constitution  and  in  value, 
to  levy  special  taxes  in  aid  of  public  improvements  or  railway  enter- 
prises; provided,  that  such  tax  shall  not  exceed  the  rate  of  five  mills 
per  annum,  nor  extend  for  a  longer  period  than  ten  years;  and  provided 
further,  that  no  tax  payer  shall  be  permitted  to  vote  at  such  election 
unless  he  shall  have  been  assessed  in  the  parish,  ward  or  municipality  to 
be  affected  for  property  the  year  previous. 

Art.  271.  Any  railroad  corporation  or  association  organized  for 
the  purpose  shall  have  the  right  to  construct  and  operate  a  railroad 
between  any  points  within  this  state,  and  connect  at  the  State  line  with 
railroads  of  other  States.  Every  railroad  company  shall  have  the  right 
with  its  road  to  intersect,  connect  with  or  cross  any  other  railroad,  and 
shall  receive  and  transport  each  other's  passengers,  tonnage  and  car.s, 
loaded  or  empty,  without   delay   or  discrimination. 

Art.  272.     Railways  heretofore  constructed,  or  that  may  hereafter 


290  CONSTITUTION  OF  1898. 

be  constructed  in  this  State,  are  hereby  declared  public  highways,  and 
railroad  companies  common  carriers. 

Art.  273.  Every  railroad  or  other  corporation,  organized  or  doing 
business  in  this  State,  under  the  laws  or  authority  thereof,  shall  have 
and  maintain  a  public  office  or  place  in  this  State  for  the  transaction 
of  its  business,  where  transfers  of  stock  shall  be  made,  and  where  shall  be 
kept  for  public  inspection  books  in  which  shall  be  recorded  the  amount 
of  capital  stock  subscribed,  the  names  of  owners  of  stock,  the  amounts 
owned  by  them  respectively,  the  amount  of  stock  paid,  and  by  whom, 
the  transfers  of  said  stock,  with  the  date  of  transfer,  the  amount  of  its 
assets  and  liabilities,  and  the  names  and  places  of  residence  of  its  officers. 

Art.  274.  If  any  railroad  company,  organized  under  the  laws  of 
this  State,  shall  consolidate,  by  sale  or  otherwise,  with  any  railroad  com- 
pany organized  under  the  laws  of  any  other  State  or  of  the  United 
States,  the  same  shall  not  thereby  become  a  foreign  corporation,  but  the 
courts  of  this  State  shall  retain  jurisdiction  in  all  matters  which  may 
arise,  as  if  said  consolidation  had  not  taken  place.  In  no  case  shall  any 
consolidation  take  place,  except  upon  public  notice  of  at  least  sixty  days 
to  all  stockholders,  in  such  manner  as  may  be  provided  by  law. 

Art.  275.  General  laws  shall  be  enacted  providing  for  the  creation 
of  private  corporations,  and  shall  therein  provide  fully  for  the  adequate 
protection  of  the  public  and  of  the  individual  stockholder. 

Art.  276.  The  police  juries  of  the  several  parishes  and  the  con- 
stituted authorities  of  all  incorporated  municipalities  of  the  State  shall 
alone  have  the  power  of  regulating  the  slaughtering  of  cattle  and  other 
live  stock  within  their  respective  limits ;  provided,  no  monopoly  or  ex- 
clusive privilege  shall  exist  in  this  State,  nor  such  business  be  restricted 
to  the  land  or  houses  of  any  individual  or  corporation;  provided,  the 
ordinances  designating  the  places  for  slaughtering  shall  obtain  the 
concurrent  approval  of  the  Board  of  Health  or  other  sanitary  organization. 

PAROCHIAL  AND  MUNICIPAL  CORPORATIONS. 

Art.  277.  The  General  Assembly  may  establish  and  organize  new 
parishes,  which  shall  be  bodies  corporate,  with  such  powers  as  may  be 
prescribed  by  law,  but  no  new  parish  shall  contain  less  than  six  hundred 
and  twenty-five  square  miles,  nor  less  than  seven  thousand  inhabitants: 
nor  shall  any  parish  be  reduced  below  that  area,  or  number  of  inhabitants. 

Art.  278.  All  laws  changing  parish  lines,  or  removing  parish  seats, 
shall,  before  taking  effect,  be  submitted  to  the  electors  of  the  parish  or 
parishes  to  be  affected  thereby,  at  a  special  election  held  for  that  pur- 
pose, and  the  lines,  or  the  parish  seat,  shall  remain  unchanged  unless 
two-thirds  of  the  qualified  electors  of  the  parish  or  parishes  affected 
thereby  vote  in  favor  thereof  at  such  election. 

Art.  270.  Any  parish  may  be  dissolved  and  merged  by  the  General 
Assembly  into  a  contiguous  parish  or  parishes,  two-thirds  of  the  quali- 
fied  electors   of   the   parish   proposed    to   be   dissolved   voting   in   favor 


CONSTITUTION   OF   1898.  291. 

thereof  at  an  election  held  for  that  purpose ;  provided,  that  the  parish  or 
parishes  into  which  the  dissolved  parish  proposes  to  become  incorporated 
consents  thereto  by  a  majority  of  its  qualified  electors  voting  therefor. 

Art.  280.  Whenever  a  parish  shall  be  eidarged  or  created  from 
territory  contiguous  thereto,  it  shall  be  entitled  to  a  just  proportion  of 
the  property  and  assets,  and  be  liable  for  a  just  proportion  of  the  existing 
debts  or  liabilities  of  the  parish  or  parishes  from  which  such  territory 
shall  have  been  taken. 

Art.  281.  Municipal  corporations,  parishes,  and  drainage  districta, 
the  City  of  New  Orleans  excepted,  when  authorized  to  do  so,  by  a  vote 
of  a  majority  in  number  and  amount  of  the  property  taxpayers,  qualified 
as  electors  under  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  this  State,  voting  at  an 
election  held  for  that  purpose,  after  due  notice  of  said  election  has 
been  published  for  thirty  days  in  the  official  journal  of  the  municipality 
or  parish,  and  where  there  is  no  official  journal,  in  a  newspaper  published 
therein,  may  incur  debt,  and  issue  negotiable  bonds  therefor,  to  the 
extent  of  one-tenth  of  the  assessed  valuation  of  the  property  within 
said  municipal  corporation,  parish,  or  drainage  district  as  shown  by  the 
last  assessment  made  prior  to  the  submission  of  the  proposition  to  the 
property  taxpayers,  as  above  provided,  and  may  be  authorized  by  the 
property  tax  payers  voting  at  said  election,  to  le^vy  and  assess  special 
taxes  upon  the  property  subject  to  taxation  in  the  parish,  drainage 
district  or  corporation ;  provided,  said  taxes  so  imposed  do  not  exceed 
five  mills  on  the  dollar  of  the  assessed  valuation  in  any  one  year,  nor 
run  for  a  greater  number  of  years  than  the  number  named  in  the 
proposition  submitted  to  the  tax  payers.  No  bonds  shall  be  issued  for 
any  other  purpose  than  stated  in  the  submission  of  the  proposition  to 
the  tax  payers,  and  published  for  thirty  days,  as  aforesaid,  nor  for  a 
greater  amount  than  therein  mentioned;  nor  shall  such  bonds  be  issued 
for  any  other  purpose  than  for  paving  and  improving  streets,  roads 
and  alleys,  purchasing  or  constructing  a  system  of  water-works,  sew- 
erage, drainage,  lights,  public  parks  and  buildings,  bridges  and  othe'* 
works  of  public  improvement,  the  title  to  which  shall  vest  in  the  muni- 
cipal corporation,  parish  or  drainage  district,  as  the  case  may  be;  nor 
shall  such  bonds  run  for  a  longer  period  than  forty  years  from  their 
date  or  bear  a  greater  rate  of  interest  than  five  per  cent,  per  annum,  or  be 
sold  by  the  municipal  corporation,  parish  or  drainage  district  issuing 
5?ame  for  less  than  par. 

The  municipal  corporation,  parish  or  drainage  district  issuing  such 
bonds  shall  provide  for  the  payment  of  the  interest  annually,  or  semi- 
annually, and  the  principal  thereof  at  maturity;  provided,  that  the  total 
issue  of  bonds  by  any  municipality,  parish  or  drainage  district,  for  all 
purposes  shall  never  exceed  ten  per  cent,  of  the  assessed  value  of  the 
property  in  such  municipality,  parish  or  drainage  district.  Provided, 
that  drainage  districts  availing  themselves  of  the  provisions  of  this 
ordinance  shall  be  limited  to  the  rate  of  taxation  herein  fixed;  and  such 
districts  shall  be  prohibited  from  levying  contributions  under  the  pro- 


292  CONSTITUTION  OF   1898. 

visions  of  existing  laws,  and  provided,  further,  that  nothing  herein  con- 
tained shall  prevent  drainage  districts  from  being  established  under  the 
provisions  of  existing  laws. 

Akt.  282.  Onc-hali  of  the  net  amount  of  all  parish  taxes  and 
licenses,  levied  and  collected  within  the  corporate  limits  of  the  City  of 
Baton  Rouge,  shall  be  paid  over  for  the  use  of  said  city,  by  the  officer 
collecting  the  same,  to  the  officer  charged  with  the  custody  of  the  funds 
of  said  city. 

RAILROAD,    EXPRESS,    TELEPHONE,    TELEGRAPH,    STEAM- 
BOAT AND  SLEEPING  CAR  COMPANY  COMMISSION. 

Art.  283.  A  Railroad,  Express,  Telephone,  Telegraph,  Steamboat 
and  other  Water  Craft,  and  Sleeping  Car  Commission,  is  hereby  created; 
lo  be  composed  of  three  members,  to  be  elected  from  the  districts  herein- 
after named,  at  the  time  fixed  for  the  Congressional  election  of  1898. 
Of  the  three  commissioners  elected  in  the  year  1898,  one  shall  serve  two 
years,  one  shall  serve  four  years,  and  one  shall  serve  six  years,  the  period 
each  is  to  serve  to  be  determined  by  lot;  thereafter  the  commissioners 
from  each  district  shall  be  elected  for  a  term  of  six  years. '  They  shall  be 
known  as  the  Railroad  Commission  of  Louisiana.  The  Commission  shall 
meet  and  open  an  office  and  have  its  domicile  at  Baton  Rouge,  and  shall 
elect  one  of  their  number  chairman,  and  may  appoint  a  secretary  at  u 
salary  of  fifteen  hundred  dollars  per  annum,  and  may  meet  and  hold 
regular  or  special  hearings  at  such  other  places  as  they  may  find 
necessary.  No  member  of  this  Convention  shall  be  eligible  to  election  cr 
appointment  as  a  member  of  said  Commission,  prior  to  the  year  1908. 

Art.  284.  The  power  and  authority  is  hereby  vested  in  the  Com- 
mission, and  it  is  hereby  made  its  duty,  to  adopt,  change  or  make  reason- 
able and  just  rates,  charges  and  regulations,  to  govern  and  regulate  rail- 
road, steamboat  and  other  water  craft,  and  sleeping  car,  freight  and 
passenger  tariffs  and  service,  express  rates,  and  telephone  and  telegraph 
charges,  to  correct  abuses,  and  prevent  unjust  discrimination  and  extor- 
liun  in  tlio  rates  for  the  same,  on  the  different  railroads,  seamboat  and 
other  water  craft,  sleeping  car,  express,  telephone  and  telegraph  lines  of 
this  State,  and  to  prevent  such  companies  from  charging  any  greater 
compensation  in  the  aggregate  for  the  like  kind  of  property  or  passen- 
gers, or  messages,  for  a  shorter  than  a  longer  distance  over  the  same  line, 
unless  authorized  by  the  Commission  to  do  so  in  special  cases;  to  require 
all  railroads  to  build  and  maintain  suitable  depots,  switches  and  appur- 
tenances, wherever  the  same  are  reasonably  necessary  at  stations,  and  to 
inspect  railroads  and  to  require  them  to  keep  their  tracks  and  bridges  in 
a  safe  condition,  and  to  fix  and  adjust  rates  between  branch  or  short 
lines  and  the  great  trunk  lines  with  which  they  connect,  and  to  enforce 
the  same  by  having  the  penalties  hereby  prescribed  inflicted  through  the. 
proper  courts  having  jurisdiction. 

The  Commission  shall  have  power  to  adopt  and  enforce  such  reason- 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1898,  293 

able  rules,  regulations,  and  modes  of  procedure,  as  it  may  deem  proper 
for  the  discharge  of  its  duties,  and  to  hear  and  determine  complaints  that 
may  be  made  against  the  classification  or  rates  it  may  establish,  and  to 
regulate  the  mode  and  manner  of  all  investigations  and  hearings  of  rail- 
road companies  and  other  parties  before  it,  in  the  establishment  of  rates, 
orders,  charges,  and  other  acts,  required  or  authorized  by  these  provis- 
ions. They  shall  have  power  to  summon  and  compel  the  attendance  of 
witnesses,  to  swear  witnesses,  and  to  compel  the  production  of  books  and 
papers,  to  take  testimony  under  commission,  and  to  punish  for  contempt, 
as  fully  as  is  provided  by  law  for  the  district  courts. 

Art.  285.  If  any  railioad,  express,  telephone,  telegraph,  steamboat 
and  other  water  craft,  or  sleeping  car  company,  or  other  party  in  interest, 
be  dissatisfied  with  the  decision  or  fixing  of  any  rate,  classification,  rules, 
charge,  order,  act  or  regulation,  adopted  by  the  Commission,  such  party 
may  file  a  petition  setting  forth  the  cause  of  objection  to  such  decision, 
act,  rule,  rate,  charge,  classification  or  order,  or  to  either  or  to  all  of 
them,  in  a  court  of  competent  jurisdiction,  at  the  domicile  of  the  Com- 
mission, against  said  Commission  as  defendant,  and  either  party  to  said 
action  may  appeal  the  case  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  without 
regard  to  the  amount  involved,  and  all  such  cases,  both  in  the  trial  and 
appellate  courts,  shall  be  tried  summarily,  and  preference  over  all  other 
cases.  Such  cases  may  be  tried  in  the  court  of  the  first  instance  either  in 
chambers,  or  at  term  time;  provided,  all  such  appeals  shall  be  returned 
to  the  Supreme  Court  within  ten  days  after  the  decision  of  the  lower 
court;  and  where  the  Commission  appeals,  no  bond  shall  be  required. 
No  bond  shall  be  required  of  said  Commission  in  any  case,  nor  shall 
advance  costs,  or  security  for  costs,  be  required  of  the  Commission. 

Art.  286.  If  any  railroad,  express,  telephone,  telegraph,  steamboat, 
or  other  water  craft,  or  sleeping  car  company,  subject  hereto,  directly  or 
indirectly,  or  by  any  special  rate,  rebate,  or  other  advice,  shall  inten- 
tionally charge,  demand,  collect  or  receive  from  any  person,  firm  or  cor- 
poration, a  greater  or  less  compensation  for  any  service  rendered  by  it, 
than  it  charges,  demands  or  receives  from  any  other  person,  firm  or 
corporation,  for  doing  a  like  and  contemporaneous  service,  or  shall  violate 
any  of  the  rates,  charges,  orders  or  decisions  of  said  Commission,  such 
railroad,  steamboat  or  other  water  craft,  express,  telegraph,  telephone  or 
other  company,  shall  forfeit  and  pay  to  the  State  not  less  than  one 
hundred  dollars,  nor  more  than  five  thousand  dollars,  to  be  recovered 
before  any  court  of  competent  jurisdiction,  at  the  suit  of  said  Commis- 
sion, at  the  domicile  of  the  Commission  or  of  the  company,  or  at  the 
place  where  the  complaint  arises,  at  the  option  of  the  Commission. 
Provided,  that  whenever  any  rate,  order,  charge,  rule  or  regulation  of  the 
Commission  is  contested  in  court,  as  provided  for  in  Article  285  of  this 
Constitution,  no  fine  or  penalty  for  disobedience  thereto,  or  disregard 
thereof,  shall  be  incurred  until  after  said  contestation  shall  have  been 
finally  decided  by  the  courts,  and  then  only  for  acts  subsequently  com- 
mitted. 


294  CONSTITUTION  OF   1898. 

The  power  of  the  Commission  shall  affect  only  the  transportation 
of  passengers,  freight,  express  matter,  and  telegraph  and  telephone  mes- 
sages, between  points  within  this  State,  and  the  use  of  such  instruments 
within  this  State. 

AuT.  287.  Until  otherwise  provided  by  law,  the  members  of  the 
Commission  shall  each  receive  a  salary  of  three  thousand  dollars  per 
annum,  payable  monthly  on  his  own  warrant,  and  their  actual  traveling 
expenses,  and  those  of  their  secretary;  which  expenses,  and  the  salary  of 
the  latter,  shall  be  paid  on  the  warrant  of  the  Chairman  of  the  Com- 
mission on  a  sworn  statement  of  their  correctness. 

Nothing  herein  shall  prevent  the  railroad,  express,  telegraph,  tele- 
phone and  steamboat  or  other  water  craft,  or  other  companies,  from 
serving  free  of  cost,  or  at  reduced  rates,  the  State  or  any  city,  parish,  or 
town  government,  or  any  charitable  purpose,  or  any  fair  or  exposition,  or 
any  destitute  or  indigent  person,  or  the  issuance  of  mileage  or  excursion 
tickets;  nor  to  prevent  railroads,  steamboats  or  other  water  craft,  from 
giving  free  transportation  to  ministers  of  religion,  or  inmates  of  hospitals, 
or  to  railroad  oflScers,  agents,  employes,  attorneys,  stockholders  or 
directors,  unless  otherwise  provided  by  this  Constitution. 

Art.  288.  Upon  the  recommendation  of  the  Commission  the  Legis- 
lature may  add  to  or  enlarge  the  powers  and  duties  of  said  Commission, 
or  confer  other  powers  and  duties  on  them.  They  may  also  provide 
additional  clerical,  or  other  assistance,  that  may  be  deemed  necessary  for 
the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  said  Commission,  and  may  add  other  penal- 
ties to  make  the  work  of  said  Commission  effective. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Attorney  General,  and  the  various  district 
attorneys,  to  aid  said  commission  in  all  legal  matters,  for  which  they 
shall  receive  not  exceeding  25  per  cent,  of  all  fines  and  forfeitures  col- 
lected by  them ;  provided,  the  Commission  may  employ  other  attorneys  in 
lieu  of  these  officers  on  like  terms. 

No  person  in  the  service  of,  or  attorney  for,  any  railway,  express, 
telephone,  telegraph,  steamboat  or  other  water  craft,  sleeping  car  com- 
pany or  corporation,  or  pecuniarily  interested  in  such  company  or  cor- 
poration, shall  hold  the  office  of  Commissioner. 

The  fines  collected,  after  paying  the  attorney's  fees  and  the  costs  in 
suits,  in  which  the  Commission  may  be  cast  for  costs,  shall  be  paid  into 
the  State  Treasury. 

Art.  289.  The  State  is  hereby  divided  into  three  Railway  Commis- 
sion Districts,  and  one  Commissioner  shall  be  elected  from  each  of  said 
districts  by  a  plurality  of  the  voters  of  the  respective  districts.  The 
First  District  shall  comprise  the  parishes  of  Orleans,  Plaquemines,  St. 
Bernard,  Jefferson.  St.  Charles,  St.  John  the  Baptist  and  St.  James.  The 
Second  District  shall  comprise  the  parishes  of  Iberville,  Ascension, 
Assumption.  Lafonrcho,  Terrebonne,  St.  Mary,  Iberia,  St.  Martin,  Lafay- 
ette. Vermilion,  Cameron,  Calcasieu,  Avoyelles.  St.  Landry,  Pointe, 
Coupe,  West  Feliciana,  East  Feliciana,  West  Baton  Rouge,  East  Baton 
Rouge,  St.  Helena,  Livingston,  Tangipahoa,  Washington,  St.  Tammany 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1898.  295 

and  Acadia.  The  Third  District  shall  comprise  the  parishes  of  Rapides, 
Vernon,  Sabine,  Grant,  Natchitoches,  Winn,  Red  River,  DeSoto,  Caddo, 
Bossier,  Webster,  Bienville,  Concordia,  Caldwell,  Franklin,  Tensas, 
Madison,  Richland,  Ouachita,  Jackson,  Lincoln,  Union,  Morehouse,  East 
Carroll,  West  Carroll,  Claiborne  and  Catahoula. 

RIPARIAN  RIGHTS. 

AbT.  290.  Riparian  owners  of  property  on  navigable  rivers,  lakes, 
and  streams,  within  any  city  or  town  in  this  State  having  a  population  in 
excess  of  five  thousand  shall  have  the  right  to  erect  and  maintain  on  the 
batture  or  banks  owned  by  them,  such  wharves,  buildings  and  improve- 
ments as  may  be  required  for  the  purposes  of  commerce  and  navigation, 
subject  to  the  following  conditions,  and  not  otherwise,  to-wit:  Such 
owners  shall  first  obtain  the  consent  of  the  Council,  or  other  governing 
authority,  and  of  the  Board  of  Levee  Commissioners,  within  whose  muni- 
cipal or  levee  district  jurisdiction  such  wharves,  buildings,  and  improve- 
ments are  to  be  erected,  and  such  consent  having  been  obtained,  shall 
erect  the  same  in  conformity  to  plans  and  specifications  which  shall  have 
been  first  submitted  to,  and  approved  by,  the  engineer  of  such  Council, 
or  other  governing  authority;  and  when  so  erected,  such  wharves,  build- 
ings, and  improvements  shall  be,  and  remain,  subject  to  the  administra- 
tion and  control  of  such  Council,  or  other  governing  authority,  with 
respect  to  their  maintenance  and  to  the  fees  and  charges  to  be  exacted  for 
their  use  by  the  public,  whenever  any  fee  or  charge  is  authorized  to  be  and 
is  made;  and  shall  be  and  remain  subject  to  the  control  of  such  Board  of 
Levee  Commissioners,  in  so  far  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  maintenance 
and  administration  of  the  levees  in  its  jurisdiction.  The  Council,  or 
other  governing  authority,  shall  have  the  right  to  expropriate  such 
wharves,  buildings,  and  improvements,  whenever  necessary  for  public 
purposes,  upon  reimbursing  the  owner  the  cost  of  construction,  less 
such  depreciation  as  may  have  resulted  from  time  and  decay;  such  reim- 
bursement, however,  in  no  case  to  exceed  the  actual  market  value  of  the 
property.  Provided,  that  nothing  in  this  article  shall  be  construed  as 
affecting  the  right  of  the  State,  or  of  any  political  subdivision  thereof, 
or  of  the  several  Boards  of  Levee  Commissioners  to  appropriate  without 
compensation  such  wharves,  buildings,  and  improvements,  when  neces- 
sary for  levee  purposes. 

The  grants  made  by  the  City  of  New  Orleans  under  the  terms  of 
Ordinance  11,7G5,  Council  Series,  adopted  January  14,  1896,  author- 
izing the  construction,  use,  and  maintenance  of  wharves,  structures,  and 
improvements  upon  certain  riparian  property  in  the  Sixth  Municipal 
District,  and  other  grants  of  the  same  nature  made  by  the  City  of  New 
Orleans  to  riparian  owners  with  reference  to  their  property,  are  recog- 
nized as  necessary  aids  to  the  commerce  of  this  State,  and  are  hereby 
ratified,  and  declared  to  be  lawful,  but  shall  in  no  event  be  construed  as 
conferring  greater  privileges  or  rights  than  might  be  conferred  under 


296  CONSTITUTION  OF  1898. 

this  article,  or  as  releasing  the  riparian  owners  from  the  obligations 
herein  imposed  or  which  may  have  been  imposed  upon  or  assumed  by  such 
riparian  owner  by  contract,  municipal  ordinance  or  otherwise. 

PUBLIC  ROADS. 

Art.  291.  The  Police  Juries  of  this  iState  may  form  their  respective 
parishes  into  road  districts;  and  in  order  to  raise  funds  for  the  purposes 
of  constructing,  maintaining  and  repairing,  the  public  roads  and  bridges 
of  their  parishes,  they  are  authorized  to  set  aside  at  least  one  mill  per 
annum  of  the  taxes  levied  by  them,  and  to  impose  a  per  capita  tax  of  not 
more  than  one  dollar  per  annum  upon  each  able-bodied  male  inhabitant 
of  the  parish  between  the  ages  of  eighteen  and  hfty-hve  years,  and  to 
levy  an  annual  license  of  not  less  than  twenty-five  cents,  nor  more  than 
one  dollar  per  annum  upon  each  vehicle,  including  bicycles  kept  and 
used  for  locomotion  over  public  roads,  in  their  respective  parishes;  which 
license  may  be  graduated.  The  provisions  of  this  article  relative  to  the 
per  capita  tax  shall  not  be  operative  in  incorporated  towns  and  cities  that 
maintain  their  own  streets. 

To  carry  into  effect  the  provisions  of  this  article  the  Police  Juries 
may  enact  such  ordinances  of  a  civil  nature  as  may  be  necessary  to 
enforce  the  property  and  license  tax,  and  of  a  criminal  nature  to  enforce 
the  per  capita  tax.  Other  taxes  may  be  levied  by  the  Police  Juries  for 
road  and  bridge  purposes,  not  to  exceed  five  mills  for  five  years  on  the 
property  of  the  parish,  or  any  ward  thereof,  where  the  rate  of  taxation 
and  the  purpose  thereof  shall  have  been  submitted  to  the  property  tax- 
payers of  said  ward  or  parish  entitled  to  vote  under  the  election  laws  of 
the  State,  and  a  majority  in  numbers  and  value  of  those  voting  at  said 
election  shall  have  voted  in  favor  thereof. 

Art.  292.  When  any  parish  shall  avail  itself  of  the  provisions  of 
this  article,  the  judge,  in  passing  sentence  on  persons  convicted  of  any 
offense,  when  the  punishment  imposed  by  law  is  imprisonment  in  the 
parish  jail  in  the  first  instance,  or  in  default  of  payment  of  fine,  may 
sentence  such  persons  to  work  on  the  public  roads  and  bridges  and  any 
other  public  works  of  the  parish ;  and  when  the  punishment  prescribed  by 
law  is  imprisonment  in  the  penitentiary,  he  may  sentence  the  persons  so 
convicted  to  work  on  the  public  roads  and  bridges  and  other  public 
works  of  the  parish  where  the  crime  was  committed,  if  the  sentence 
actually  imposed  does  not  exceed  six  months.  All  fines  and  penalties 
imposed  on  persons  for  infringement  of  the  any  ordinance  relative  to 
roads  and  bridges,  shall  go,  when  collected,  into  the  road  and  bridge  fund 
of  the  parish. 

Art.  293.  The  Police  Jury  shall  relieve  from  compulsory  road  duty 
all  persons  who  have  paid  the  road  and  bridge  tax  and  license  levied 
against  them. 

Art.  294.  The  State  Board  of  Engineers,  whenever  called  on  so  to 
do,  shall  furnish  the  different  road  districts  with  plans  and  specifications 


CONSTITUTION  OF  1898.  297 

for  public  roads,  and  such  assistance  and  advice  as  will  tend  to  create  a 
uniform  system  of  public  roads  throughout  the  State. 

BOARD  OF  CHARITIES  AND  CORRECTIONS. 

Art.  295.  The  Legislature  shall  provide  for  a  State  Board  of 
Charities  and  Corrections,  which  shall  consist  of  six  members,  and  of 
which  the  Governor  shall  be  chairman  ex-officio.  Upon  the  organization 
of  said  Board,  the  Governor  shall  appoint  one  member  for  six  years,  one 
for  five  years,  one  for  four  years,  one  for  three  years,  one  for  two  years, 
and  thereafter  shall  make  appointments  for  six  years,  except  in  case  of 
vacancy  in  office,  when  the  appointment  shall  be  made  for  the  unexpired 
term.  The  members  of  the  Board  shall  serve  without  compensation,  but 
they  shall  be  authorized  to  elect  a  secretary,  who  shall  receive  such  salary 
as  may  be  fixed  by  the  Legislature.  The  State  shall  provide  an  office  for 
said  Board,  and  shall  make  provision  from  time  to  time  for  the  payment 
of  its  expenses. 

The  duties  of  the  Board  shall  be  strictly  visitorial,  without  admin- 
istrative or  executive  powers.  It  shall  visit  and  inspect  all  State,  parish 
or  municipal  institutions  which  are  of  a  charitable,  eleemosynary,  correc- 
tional, or  reformatory  character,  and  all  private  institutions  of  like  char- 
acter utilized  or  aided  by  parochial  or  municipal  authority,  and  all 
private  insane  asylums,  whether  so  utilized  or  aided  or  not. 

The  Board  shall  report  annually  to  the  Governor,  and  to  the  Legis- 
lature at  each  session  thereof,  the  actual  condition  of  all  of  the  above 
institutions.  They  shall  make  such  suggestions  to  the  Governor  and 
Legislature  as  may  be  necessary  and  pertinent ;  provided,  said  suggestions 
are  concurred  in  by  a  majority  of  the  members  of  the  Boards  in  control 
of  each  of  said  institutions.  The  officers  in  charge  of  said  institutions 
shall  furnish  the  Board  such  information  and  statistics  as  it  may  require. 

BOARDS  OF  HEALTH  AND  STATE  MEDICINE. 

Art.  296.  The  General  Assembly  shall  create  for  the  State,  and  for 
each  parish  and  municipality  therein,  Boards  of  Health,  and  shall  defino 
their  duties,  and  prescribe  the  powers  thereof.  The  State  Board  of 
Health  shall  be  composed  of  representative  physicians  from  the  various 
sections  of  the  State.  Until  otherwise  provided  by  law,  both  the  President 
and  Secretary  of  the  State  Board  of  Health  shall  be  ex-officio  members  of 
the  Board  of  Health  for  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  the  President  of  the 
State  Board  to  be  President  of  the  local  Board  of  the  City  of  New 
Orleans. 

Art.  297.  The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  for  the  interest  of 
State  Medicine  in  all  its  departments;  for  the  protection  of  the  people 
from  unqualified  practitioners  of  medicine,  and  dentistry;  protecting 
confidential  communications  made  to  medical  men  by  their  patients  while 
under  professional  treatment  and  for  the  purpose  of  such  treatment;  for 


298  CONSTITUTION  OF  1898. 

protecting  the  people  against  the  sale  of  injurious  or  adulterated  drugs, 
foods  and  drinks,  and  against  any  and  all  adulterations  of  the  general 
necessaries  of  life  of  whatever  kinds  and  character. 

MILITIA. 

Art.  298.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  authority  to  provide  by 
law  how  the  militia  of  this  State  shall  be  organized,  officered,  trained, 
armed  and  equipped,  and  of  whom  it  shall  consist. 

Art.  299.  The  officers  and  men  of  the  militia  and  volunteer  forces 
shall  receive  no  pay,  rations  or  emoluments,  when  not  in  active  service  by 
iiutliority  of  the  State. 

Art.  300.  The  General  Assembly  may  exempt  from  military  service 
those  who  belong  to  religious  societies  whose  tenents  forbid  them  to  bear 
arras;  provided,  a  money  equivalent  for  these  services  shall  be  exacted. 

Art.  301.  The  Governor  shall  have  power  to  call  the  militia  into 
active  sei'vice  for  the  preservation  of  law  and  order,  or  when  the  public 
service  may  require  it;  provided,  that  the  police  force  of  any  city,  town 
or  parish,  shall  not  be  organized  or  used  as  a  part  of  the  State  militia. 

PENSIONS. 

Art.  302.  The  Soldiers'  Home  of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  known  a.s 
Camp  Nicholls,  shall  be  maintained  by  the  State,  and  the  General 
Assembly  shall  make  an  appropriation  for  each  year  based  upon  the 
number  of  inmates  in  said  home  on  the  first  day  of  April  of  the  year  in 
which  said  appropriation  is  made,  of  one  hundred  and  thirty  dollars  per 
capita,  for  the  maintenance  and  clothing  of  such  inmates  from  which 
one  dollar  per  month  shall  be  allowed  to  each  inmate  for  his  personal  use, 
and  shall  make  such  further  appropriations  for  building,  repairs,  and 
incidentals,  as  may  be  absolutely  necessary. 

Art.  303.  A  pension  not  to  exceed  eight  dollars  per  month  shall  be 
allowed  to  each  Confederate  soldier  or  sailor  veteran,  who  possess  all  of 
the  following  qualifications: 

1st.  He  shall  have  served  honorably  from  the  date  of  his  enlistment 
until  the  close  of  the  late  Civil  War,  or  until  he  was  discharged  or 
paroled,  in  some  military  organization  regularly  mustered  into  the  army 
or  navy  of  the  Confederate  States,  and  shall  have  remained  true  to  the 
Confederate  States  until  surrender. 

2nd.  He  shall  be  in  indigent  circumstances,  and  unable  to  earn  a 
livelihood  by  his  own  labor  or  skill. 

3rd.  He  shall  not  be  salaried  or  otherwise  provided  for  by  the  State 
of  Louisiana,  or  by  any  other  State  or  Government. 

In  ease  he  enlisted  in  any  organization  mustered  into  said  service  as 
a  Louisiana  organization,  or  in  case  at  the  date  of  his  enlistment  he 
resided  in  the  State  of  Louisiana,  he  shall  have  resided  in  the  State  for 
at  least  five  years  prior  to  his  application  for  a  pension.  In  case  he 
resided  elsewhere  than  in  this  State,  and  enlisted  in  an  organization  not 


CONSTITUTION  OF   1898.  299 

mustered  in  from  Louisiana,  or  in  the  navy  of  the  Confederate  States,  he 
shall  have  resided  in  this  State  for  at  least  fifteen  years  prior  to  his 
application  for  such  pension.  A  like  pension  shall  be  granted  to  the 
widow  who  shall  not  have  married  again,  in  indigent  circumstances,  of 
any  soldier  or  sailor  who,  having  entered  the  service  of  the  Confederate 
States  during  the  late  Civil  War,  lost  his  life  prior  to  June  1st,  1865, 
from  wounds  received,  or  disease  contracted  in  such  service;  provided, 
that  if  her  deceased  husband  served  in  an  organization  mustered  in  from 
Louisiana,  or  if  he  resided  in  Louisiana  at  the  date  of  his  enlistment,  and 
has  so  resided  for  one  year  prior  thereto,  then  in  order  that  such  widow 
shall  be  entitled  to  the  pension  as  herein  provided,  she  shall  have  resided 
in  this  State  for  at  least  five  years  prior  to  her  application  therefor;  and 
if  her  deceased  husband  enlisted  elsewhere  than  in  Louisiana,  and  served 
in  an  organization  not  mustered  in  from  Louisiana,  such  widow  shall,  iu 
order  to  entitle  her  to  pension  as  herein  provided,  have  resided  in  this 
State  for  not  less  than  fifteen  years  prior  to  her  application  for  sucli 
pension ;  provided,  further,  that  pensions,  whether  to  veterans  or  to 
widows,  shall  be  allowed  only  from  the  date  of  application  under  thi3 
article,  and  the  total  appropriation  for  all  pensions  shall  not  exceed  fifty 
thousand  dollars  in  any  one  year. 

Art.  304.  The  General  Assembly  shall  appropriate  not  less  than 
twelve  hundred  dollars  per  annum  for  the  maintenance  in  New  Orleans 
of  a  Memorial  Hall  or  repository  for  the  collection  and  preservation  of 
relics  and  mementoes  of  the  late  Civil  War,  and  of  other  objects  of 
interest,  and  shall  be  authorized  to  make  suitable  appropriations  for  the 
erection  of  monuments  and  markers  on  the  battlefields  of  the  countiy, 
commemmorative  of  the  services,  upon  such  fields,  of  Louisiana  soldiers 
and  commands. 

AGRICULTURE  AND  IMMIGRATION. 

Art.  305.  The  existing  Bureau  of  Agriculture  and  Immigration 
shall  hereafter  be  known  as  the  Louisiana  State  Board  of  Agriculture  and 
Immigration,  and  shall  be  recognized  as  an  integral  of  the  State  govern- 
ment. 

Art.  306.  The  Louisiana  State  Board  of  Agriculture  and  Immigra- 
tion shall  have  the  control  and  direction  of  all  State  agricultural  organi- 
zations and  State  Farmers'  Institutes,  and  shall  adopt  the  needful 
measures  for  the  securement  of  proper  immigration. 

It  shall  also  encourage  State,  district  and  parish  fairs  and  local 
agricultural  organizations,  and  shall  maintain  effective  control  of  the 
manufacture  or  sale,  in  this  State,  of  fertilizers  and  Paris  green  for  the 
suppression  of  adulteration  and  fraud  therein.  It  shall  perform  such 
other  duties  and  shall  have  such  other  powers  as  shall  be  prescribed  by  the 
General  Assembly. 

Art.  307.  The  said  Board  of  Agriculture  and  Immigration  shall 
consist  of  one  member  from  each  Congressional  district,  appointed  by  the 
Governor,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  from  men 


300  CONSTITUTION   OF   1898. 

engaged  in  the  leading  agricultural  interests  of  the  State;  the  said 
members  to  hold  their  offices  for  six  years,  or  until  their  successors  an^ 
appointed.  In  the  first  appointment,  which  shall  be  made  within  sixty- 
days  after  the  adjournment  of  this  convention,  the  members  from  the 
first  and  fourth  districts  shall  be  appointed  for  two  years;  those  from  the 
second  and  fifth  districts  for  four  years;  and  those  from  the  third  and 
sixth  districts  for  six  years.  The  Governor  of  the  State,  the  Commis- 
sioner of  Agriculture  and  Immigration,  the  President  of  the  State 
University  and  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College,  the  Vice-President 
of  the  Board  of  Supervisors  of  the  State  University  and  Agricultural  and 
Mechanical  College,  and  the  Director  of  the  State  experimental  stations 
are  and  shall  be  ex-officio  members  of  this  Board.  The  members  of  sail 
Board  shall  serve  without  compensation,  except  actual  expenses  incurred 
in  attending  the  meetings. 

Art.  308.  The  paramount  importance  of  our  agricultural  interest?, 
and  the  necessity  of  peopling  with  a  desirable  population  the  vast 
unoccupied  areas  of  our  fertile  lands,  require  an  enlargement  of  the 
duties  and  an  expansion  of  the  scope  of  the  work  of  this  Board,  for 
which  the  General  Assembly  shall  enact  such  laws  as  may  be  necessary  to 
carry  out  the  provisions  of  this  article. 

CITY  or  NEW  ORLEANS. 

Art.  309.  There  shall  be  seven  Assessors  in  the  City  of  New 
Orleans,  who  together  shall  compose  the  Board  of  Assessors  for  the 
parish  of  Orleans.  One  shall  be  appointed  from  each  municipal  district 
of  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  and  they  shall  be  residents  of  the  districts 
from  which  they  are  appointed. 

There  shall  be  seven  State  Tax  Collectors  for  the  City  of  New 
Orleans.  One  shall  be  appointed  from  each  municipal  district.  They 
shall  be  residents  of  the  districts  from  which  they  are  appointed,  and 
they  shall  maintain  offices  in  their  respective  districts.  The  said 
Assessors  and  State  Tax  Collectors  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Governor, 
by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  for  the  term  of  four 
years. 

The  first  appointments  under  this  Constitution  of  said  officers  shall 
be  after  the  general  election  in  1900. 

Art.  310.  There  shall  be  one  coroner  for  the  parish  of  Orleans,  who 
shall  be  elected  for  four  years  by  the  qualified  electors  of  said  parish,  and 
whose  duties  shall  be  fixed  by  law.  He  shall  be  ex-officio  city  physician 
of  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  and  shall  receive  an  annual  salary  of  forty- 
eight  hundred  dollars.  He  shall  be  a  practicing  physician  of  said  city 
and  a  graduate  of  the  medical  department  of  some  university  of  recog- 
nized standing.  He  shall  appoint  two  assistants,  having  the  same  quali- 
fications as  himself;  one  at  an  annual  salary  of  twenty-six  hundred 
dollars,  and  one  at  an  annual  salary  of  six  hundred  dollars. 

Art.  311.     The  assistant,  whose  salary  is  hereby  fixed  at  six  hundred 


CONSTITUTION  OF   1898.  301 

dollars  shall  be  a  resident  of  the  Fifth  district  of  the  parish  or  City  of 
New  Orleans  and  shall  have  his  office  in  said  district. 

The  assistant,  whose  salary  is  fixed  at  twenty-six  hundred  dollars, 
shall  be  a  resident  of  that  portion  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans  lying  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Mississippi  river. 

The  provision  shall  take  effect  from  and  after  the  next  general 
election.  The  salaries  of  the  coroner  and  his  assistants  shall  be  paid  by 
the  City  of  New  Orleans. 

Art.  312.  Any  person  whose  property  has  been  appropriated  within 
twelve  months  prior  to  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution,  or  whose  prop- 
erty may  hereafter  be  appropriated  by  the  Orleans  Levee  Board  for  levee 
purposes,  shall  have  a  right  of  action  against  said  Board  in  any  court  of 
competent  jurisdiction  for  the  value  of  said  property,  and  whatever  judg- 
ment may  be  finally  rendered  against  the  Board  shall  be  paid  out  of  the 
taxes  collected  by  it  in  the  same  manner  as  other  disbursements  are  made ; 
provided,  that  this  shall  not  apply  to  batture  property,  nor  to  vacant 
property,  where  only  a  part  thereof  has  been  taken  for  levee  purposes, 
and  where  the  effect  of  the  levee  building  would  be  to  protect  the  remain- 
ing part  of  the  same  property;  nor  to  any  property  on  any  part  of  the 
river  front,  the  administration  and  control  of  which  is  vested,  for  the 
purposes  of  commerce,  either  in  the  State  or  city  authorities,  and  on 
which  improvements  have  been  erected  under  grants  from  the  City  of 
New  Orleans,  or  other  authority,  nor  to  the  said  improvements;  provided, 
that  said  Board  shall  have  power  to  appropriate  property  subject  to  such 
servitude,  for  levee  building,  as  under  existing  laws,  without  making  such 
compensation  in  advance. 

Art.  313.  All  surplus  revenues  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans  from 
the  year  18*79  to  the  year  1895,  both  inclusive,  except  the  surplus  revenue 
dedicated  to  permanent  public  improvement,  and  to  schools,  by  Act  No. 
110  of  1890,  derived  from  the  one  per  cent,  tax  levied  under  said  act, 
shall  be  turned  over  by  the  city  to  the  Board  of  Liquidation  of  the  City 
Debt.  Said  Board  shall  redeem  all  claims  evidenced  by  financial  ordin- 
ance or  judgment  against  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  for  debts  arising  and 
incurred  between  the  years  18Y9  to  1895,  both  inclusive,  payment  of 
which  has  not  heretofore  been  provided  for  out  of  the  reserve  and  perma- 
nent public  improvement  funds  of  the  city  for  the  years  1893  to  1898, 
both  inclusive,  excepting  therefrom  the  claims  of  school  teachers  for  the 
years  1880  to  1884,  payment  of  which  has  been  authorized  by  Act  No.  110 
of  1890,  and  is  now  being  provided  for  by  the  city,  said  claims  or  judg- 
ments to  be  purchased  on  the  most  reasonable  terms  offered  by  creditors 
within  the  period  of  eighteen  months  succeeding  the  date  of  the  adoption 
of  this  Constitution,  the  said  Board  to  invite  proposals  by  public  adver- 
tisements, to  be  made  bi-monthly;  provided,  any  and  all  bids  may  be 
rejected.  For  the  purpose  of  such  redemption  the  City  of  New  Orleans, 
through  the  Board  of  Liquidation,  is  hereby  authorized  to  issue  bonds  to 
the  extent  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars,  bearing  four  per 
cent,  per  annum  interest,  payable  semi-annually  in  such  denominations 


302  CONSTITUTION   OF   1898. 

as  may  be  by  said  Board  determined  upon,  maturing  in  fifty  years  from 
the  date  of  issue,  but  subject  to  redemption  by  said  Board  in  the  reverso 
order  of  their  issue  at  any  time  after  sixty  days'  notice. 

Said  Board  is  hereby  authorized  in  its  discretion  to  exchange  said 
bonds  for  said  claims  against  the  city,  evidenced  by  financial  ordinances 
or  judgments,  or  to  sell  said  bonds  and  with  the  proceeds  thereof  pur- 
chase said  claims;  provided,  that  no  sale  of  said  bonds  shall  be  made 
for  less  than  par. 

Said  Board  of  Liquidation  shall,  at  any  time  it  may  be  necessary, 
sell  a  sufficient  number  of  the  Constitutional  Bonds  of  the  City  of  New 
Orleans,  now  unsold,  of  the  issue  provided  for  by  Act  No.  110  of  the 
General  Assembly  for  the  year  1890,  and  by  the  amendment  to  the  Con- 
stitution of  the  State  submitted  to  the  people  by  said  act  and  adopted 
at  the  general  election  in  1892,  to  provide  for  the  payment  of  interest 
or  principal  of  the  bonds  hereby  authorized  to  be  issued.  Whenever  the 
said  Board  of  Liquidation  shall  have  received  from  the  surplus  revenues 
of  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  as  provided  herein,  sufficient  funds  to  meet 
the  issue  of  bonds  hereby  authorized  in  principal  and  interest,  the 
remainder  of  the  surplus  revenues  so  turned  over  to  the  said  Board  shall 
revert   to  the  city. 

Art.  314.  The  provisions  of  the  amendment  embodied  in  joint  reso- 
lution of  the  General  Assembly  No.  110,  approved  July  8th,  1890,  and 
thereafter  ratified  by  the  people  and  made  part  of  the  Constitution,  are 
recognized  as  of  full  force  and  effect;  the  authority  conferred  upon  the 
City  of  New  Orleans  and  upon  the  Board  of  Liquidation  of  the  City 
Debt,  with  respect  to  the  issuance  of  constitutional  bonds  of  the  City 
of  New  Orleans,  and  to  the  levy  and  collection  of  a  special  ad  valorem 
tax  of  one  per  cent,  upon  all  the  taxable  property,  real,  personal  and 
mixed,  in  said  city,  for  the  payment  of  said  bonds,  in  principal  and 
interest,  and  with  respect  to  the  manner  of  such  payment,  is  confirmed, 
as  are  also  all  rights  vested  by  said  amendment  in  the  present  and 
future  holders  of  said  bonds,  whether  issued  or  to  be  issued;  and  no 
limitations  imposed  by  other  provisions  of  this  Constitution  upon  the 
authority  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans  shall  be  held  to  include,  apply  to 
or  affect  the  taxing  power  herein  contemplated  and  confirmed. 

Art.  315.  The  City  of  New  Orleans  is  hereby  authorized  and 
required  to  examine  into  and  assume  payment  of  the  obligations  of  the 
Board  of  Directors  of  the  Public  Schools  of  the  Parish  of  Orleans  for 
unpaid  salaries,  of  school  teachers  and  portresses  and  of  other  legitimate 
claims  against  said  School  Board,  for  the  years  1882,  1883  and  1884, 
and  for  unpaid  salaries  of  school  teachers  and  portresses  for  the  years 
1885,  1880  and  1887,  now  in  the  hands  of  the  original  owners,  who  have 
in  nowise  parted  with  their  rights  of  ownership,  or  pledged  the  same, 
as  may  be  found  by  said  city  to  be  equitably  due  by  said  Board.  All 
claims  to  be  examined  into  and  assumed  by  the  City  of  New  Orleans 
i.nler  this  Article  shall  be  presented  to  and  filed  with  the  City  Council 


CONSTITUTION  OF   1898.  303 

of  said  city  within  ninety  days  after  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution, 
and  not  thereafter. 

Art.  316.  The  City  Council  shall  issue  certificates  of  indebtedness 
to  the  owners  of  said  claims,  when  examined  and  found  to  be  equitably 
due,  and  all  such  certificates  shall  be  paid  by  the  Board  of  Liquidation. 
If  any  of  the  claims  aforesaid  be  rejected  by  the  said  City  Council, 
the  decision  thereon  may  be  reviewed  by  any  court  of  competent  juris- 
diction, and  the  judgment  of  the  court  thereon  shall,  if  in  favor  of  the 
claimant,  be  likewise  paid  by  the  Board  of  Liquidation. 

Art.  317.  The  funds  requisite  to  pay  said  claims  shall  be  provided 
by  said  Board  of  Liquidation  by  the  sale  of  a  sufficient  number  of  the 
constitutional  bonds  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans  of  the  issue  provided 
for  by  Act  No.  110  of  the  General  Assembly  for  the  year  1890,  and  by  the 
amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  the  State  submitted  to  the  people  by 
said  act  and  adopted  at  the  general  election  in  1892. 

Art.  318.  The  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Louisiana  is  hereby 
authorized  to  amend  Act  No.  110  of  1890,  confirmed  by  Constitutional 
amendment  of  1892,  providing  for  the  refunding  of  the  city  debt  so 
far  only  as  to  provide  that  in  the  further  issue  of  bonds  under  said 
act  within  the  limit  of  ten  million  dollars,  provided  for  in  said  act,  the 
City  of  New  Orleans,  through  the  Board  of  Liquidation,  shall  have 
authority  to  issue  registered  bonds  and  to  authorize  the  exchange  of 
registered  bonds  for  equal  amounts  of  outstanding  four  per  cent,  coupon 
bonds  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans  issued  under  authority  of  said  act, 
having  the  same  time  to  run  and  at  the  same  rate  of  interest,  and  provide 
for  their  registration  and  payment  of  interest.  All  registered  bonds 
issued  by  the  City  of  New  Orleans  under  the  amended  act  as  herein 
provided  shall  have  the  same  guarantees,  and  the  holders  of  said  bonds 
shall  have  the  same  privileges  as  are  now  secured  by  said  act  to  the 
holders  of  coupon  bonds.  Said  registered  bonds  shall  be  denominated 
Registered  Constitutional  Bonds  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  Authorized 
by  Act  No.  110  of  1890,  and  Amendment  thereto. 

Art.  319.  The  electors  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  and  of  any 
political  corporation  which  may  be  established  within  the  territory  now 
or  which  may  hereafter  be  embraced  within  the  corporate  limits  of  said 
city,  shall  have  the  right  to  choose  the  public  officers,  who  shall  be  charged 
with  the  exercise  of  the  police  power  and  with  the  administration  of  the 
affairs  of  said  corporation  in  whole  or  in  part. 

Art.  320.  This  article  shall  not  apply  to  the  Board  of  Liquidation 
of  the  City  Debt,  nor  shall  it  be  construed  as  prohibiting  the  establish- 
ment of  boards  of  commissioners,  the  members  of  which  are  elected  by 
the  Council  or  appointed  by  the  Mayor  with  the  consent  of  the  Council. 
As  to  all  other  existing  boards  or  commissions  aifected  by  it,  said  article 
shall  take  effect  from  and  after  the  first  municipal  election  which  shall 
be  held  in  the  City  of  New  Orleans  after  the  adoption  of  this  Constitu- 
tion; provided  that  nothing  herein  contained  shall  be  so  construed  as  to 
prevent  the  Legislature   from  creating  boards  of  commissioners,  whose 


304  CONSTITUTION  OF   1898. 

powers  shall  extend  in  and  beyond  the  Parish  of  Orleans,  or  as  affecting 
present  boards  of  that  character,  or  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Public 
Schools ;  provided  that  hereafter,  in  creating  any  board  with  such  powers, 
or  in  filling  vacancies  therein,  at  least  two-thirds  of  the  members  thereof 
shall  be  from  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  and  elected  by  the  people  or 
Council  thereof,  or  appointed  by  the  Mayor  as  hereinabove  provided. 

AMENDMENTS  TO  THE  CONSTITUTION. 

Art.  321.  Propositions  for  the  amendment  of  this  Constitution  may 
be  made  by  the  General  Assembly  at  any  session  thereof,  and  if  two- 
thirds  of  all  the  members  elected  to  each  house  shall  concur  therein,  after 
such  proposed  amendments  have  been  read  in  such  respective  houses  on 
three  separate  days,  such  proposed  amendment  or  amendments,  together 
with  the  yeas  and  nays  thereon,  shall  be  entered  on  the  journal,  and  the 
Secretary  of  State  shall  cause  the  same  to  be  published  in  two  news- 
papers published  in  the  Parish  of  Orleans  and  in  one  paper  in  each  other 
parish  of  the  State  in  which  a  newspaper  is  published,  for  two  months  pre- 
ceding an  election  for  Representatives  in  the  Legislature  or  in  Congress, 
to  be  designated  by  the  Legislature,  at  which  time  the  said  amendment 
or  amendments  shall  be  submitted  to  the  electors  for  their  approval  or 
rejection;  and,  if  a  majority  voting  on  said  amendment  or  amendments 
shall  approve  and  ratify  the  same,  then  such  amendment  or  amendments 
so  approved  and  ratified  shall  become  a  part  of  the  Constitution.  When 
more  than  one  amendment  shall  be  submitted  at  the  same  time,  they  shall 
be  so  submitted  as  to  enable  the  electors  to  vote  on  each  amendment  sep- 
arately. The  result  of  said  election  shall  be  made  known  by  the  proclam- 
ation of  the  Governor. 

CODE  OF  CRIMINAL  LAW,  PROCEDURE  AND  CORRECTION. 

Art.  322.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Governor  to  appoint  a  com- 
mission to  prepare  drafts  of  a  code  of  criminal  law,  of  a  code  of  criminal 
procedure  and  of  a  code  of  criminal  correction  for  this  State.  The  drafts 
of  such  codes,  when  prepared,  shall  be  promptly  printed,  and  copies  thereof 
shall  be  sent  to  each  judge  of  this  State,  and  to  such  other  persons 
in  or  out  of  this  State  as  the  Governor  may  think  proper,  with 
the  request V from  him  for  suggestions  and  criticism.  The  Governor 
shall  submit  to  the  General  Assembly  of  this  State,  first  convened,  after 
the  lapse  of  one  year  from  the  distribution  of  the  printed  copies  of  said 
drafts  as  above,  the  said  drafts,  together  with  the  report  of  the  Commis- 
sion, and  with  a  message  from  himself  in  which  he  shall  embody  and 
condense  each  suggestion  he  shall  deem  of  use.  And  the  General  Assembly 
shall  have  power  to  adopt  sai(!  codes,  with  such  amendments  as  they 
may  deem  advisable,  by  vote  in  each  House,  without  complying  with  the 
formalities  of  readings  and  the  other  formalities  required  by  the  Consti- 
tution in  the  passage  of  statutes.    No  promulgation  of  said  code  shall  be 


CONSTITUTIOK  OF   1898.  305 

required  beyond  its  publication  in  book  form  after  same  shall  have 
become  a  law. 

Art.  323.  All  amendments  proposed  in  the  General  Assembly  shall 
be  proposed  within  the  first  thirty  days  after  its  convening,  and  no  amend- 
ment shall  be  proposed  after  the  lapse  of  that  time.  All  amendments  shall 
be  referred  to  a  joint  committee  of  both  Houses,  consisting  of  two  mem- 
bers from  each  House,  with  the  Attorney  General  as  ex-officio  chairman. 
Only  such  amendments  shall  be  voted  on  as  shall  be  favorably  reported  by 
this  committee,  and  each  amendment  shall  be  voted  on  separately. 

Art.  324.  The  Commission  to  prepare  said  drafts  shall  be  composed 
of  three  lawyers  of  this  State.  The  compensation  of  said  Commissioners 
shall  be  fixed  by  the  General  Assembly.  Said  compensation  to  be  payable 
only  when  the  drafts  have  been  prepared  and  submitted  to  the  Governor; 
but  the  other  expenses  of  the  Commission  shall  be  promptly  paid  as 
incurred,  and  the  Governor  is  hereby  warranted  to  draw  on  the  General 
Fund  for  said  compensation  and  for  all  the  expenses  of  printing  the  said 
drafts,  and  for  the  other  expenses  incurred  under  this  act. 

SCHEDULE. 

Art.  325.  That  no  inconvenience  may  arise  from  the  adoption  of 
this  Constitution,  and  in  order  to  carry  this  Constitution  into  complete 
operation,  it  is  hereby  declared : 

First' — That  all  laws  in  force  in  this  State  at  the  time  of  the  adoption 
of  this  Constitution,  not  inconsistent  therewith,  and  constitutional  when 
enacted,  shall  remain  in  full  force  and  effect  until  altered  or  repealed  by 
the  General  Assembly,  or  until  they  expire  by  their  own  limitation.  All 
ordinances  passed  and  ratified  by  this  Convention  and  appended  to  the 
official  original  draft  of  the  Constitution  delivered  to  the  Secretary  of 
State  shall  have  the  same  force  and  effect  as  if  included  in  and  constitut- 
ing a  part  of  this  Constitution. 

Second — All  writs,  actions,  causes  of  action,  proceedings,  prosecu- 
tions and  rights  of  individuals  or  bodies  corporate,  and  of  the  State,  when 
not  inconsistent  with  this  Constitution,  shall  continue  as  valid  and  in 
full  force  and  effect. 

Third — The  provisions  of  all  laws,  which  are  inconsistent  with  this 
Constitution,  shall  cease  upon  its  adoption,  except  that  all  laws  which  are 
inconsistent  with  such  provisions  of  this  Constitution  as  require  legisla- 
tion to  enforce  them  shall  remain  in  full  force  until  such  legislation  is  had. 

Fourth — All  recognizances,  obligations  and  all  other  instruments 
entered  into  or  executed  before  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution,  to  the 
State  or  to  any  parish,  city,  municipality,  board,  or  other  public  corpora- 
tion therein,  and  all  fines,  taxes,  penalties,  forfeitures  and  rights,  due, 
owing  or  accruing  to  the  State  of  Louisiana,  or  to  any  parish,  city,  muni- 
cipality, board  or  other  public  corporation  therein,  under  the  Constitution 
and  laws  heretofore  in  force,  and  all  writs,  prosecutions,  actions  and  pro- 
ceedings, except  as  herein  otherwise  provided,  shall  continue  and  remain 


306  CONSTITUTION  OF  1898. 

unaffected  by  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution.  All  indictments  and 
information  which  shall  have  been  found  or  filed,  or  may  hereafter  be 
found  or  filed  for  any  crime  or  offense  committed  before  the  adoption  of 
this  Constitution  may  be  prosecuted  as  if  no  change  had  been  made,  except 
as  herein  otherwise  provided. 

Fifth — All  officers,  executive,  legislative  and  judicial.  State,  parish 
or  municipal,  who  may  be  in  office  at  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution, 
or  who  may  be  elected  or  appointed  before  the  election  or  appointment 
of  their  successors,  as  herein  provided,  shall  hold  their  respective  offices 
until  their  terms  shall  have  expired  and  until  their  successors  are  duly 
qualified,  as  provided  in  this  Constitution,  unless  sooner  removed,  as  may 
be  provided  by  law,  and  shall  receive  the  compensation  now  fixed  by  the 
Constitution  and  laws  in  force  at  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution,  except 
as  herein  otherwise  provided. 

Sixth — The  Constitution  of  this  State,  adopted  in  1879,  and  all 
amendments  thereto,  are  declared  to  be  superseded  by  this  Constitution; 
provided,  however,  that  no  failure  on  the  part  of  this  Convention  to 
re-enact  and  re-ordain  any  article  or  ordinance  contained  in  the  Consti- 
tution of  1879  upon  any  of  the  subjects  upon  which  this  Convention  is 
by  the  act  convening  it  prohibited  from  enacting,  ordaining  or  framing 
any  article  or  ordinance,  shall  be  construed  as  in  any  manner  impairing 
or  affecting  the  provisions  of  the  Constitution  of  1879  upon  the  prohibited 
subjects. 

Seventh — The  Supreme  Court,  Courts  of  Appeal  and  District  Courts, 
provided  for  by  this  Constitution  are  declared  to  be  and  shall  be  construed 
to  be  the-  same  courts  as  those  of  the  same  name  created  by  the  Consti- 
tution of  1879,  and  all  writs,  orders  and  process  issued  from  said  courts, 
which  shall  be  pending  or  in  course  of  execution  at  the  date  when  this 
Constitution  goes  into  effect,  together  with  all  the  records  and  archives 
of  said  courts,  shall  at  once,  by  virtue  of  this  article,  be  transferred  to 
and  held  to  be  cases  pending  in  and  writs,  orders  and  process  issued  from 
and  in  course  of  execution  under  the  authority  of,  and  records  and 
archives,  of  said  courts,  respectively,  as  organized  under  this  Constitution. 

Eighth — This  Constitution,  adopted  by  the  people  of  the  State  of 
Louisiana  in  Convention  assembled  shall  be  in  full  force  and  effect  from 
and  after  this  12th  day  of  May,  1898,  save  and  except  as  otherwise  pro- 
'  vided  in  and  by  said  Constitution. 

Art.  326.  The  first  General  Assembly  meeting  after  the  adoption  of 
this  Constitution  is  required  to  make  a  special  appropriation  to  pay  the 
debt  which  this  Convention  has  contracted  with  the  Louisiana  National 
Bank,  the  Ilebernia  National  Bank  and  the  New  Orleans  National  Bank, 
of  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  with  interest  at  5  per  cent,  per  annum 
from  May  0th.  1898,  until  paid,  and  for  which  certificates  are  held  by  said 
banks,  issuetl  to  them  pursuant  to  an  ordinance  heretofore  adopted  by  this 
Convention,  and  which  said  debt  was  incurred  for  the  purpose  of  enabling 
this  Convention  to  complete  its  work. 

There  shall  be  printed  in  book  or  pamphlet  form  1,500  copies  of  the 


AMENDMENTS  TO  CONSTITUTION  OF   1898.  307 

Journal  of  the  Convention,  and  5,000  copies  of  this  Constitution,  and 
each  member  of  the  Convention  shall  be  entitled  to  eight  copies  of  the 
Journal  and  twenty-five  copies  of  the  Constitution.  The  remaining  copies 
shall  be  delivered  to  the  Secretary  of  State,  to  be  disposed  of  as  may 
hereafter  be  ordered  by  the  Legislature. 

Said  General  Assembly  shall  also  make  any  appropriation  required 
to  pay  any  loans  heretofore  negotiated,  or  which  may  hereafter  be  nego- 
tiated by  the  Governor,  pursuant  to  an  ordinance  heretofore  adopted 
by  this  Convention,  for  the  purpose  of  defraying  the  expenses  of  organiz- 
ing and  mobilizing  the  State's  quota  of  volunteers  called  for  by  the  proc- 
lamation of  the  President  of  the  United  States,  heretofore  promulgated. 

Done  in  Convention,  in  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  on  the  12th  day  of 
May,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  ninety- 
eight  and  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States  of  America  the  one 
hundred  and  twenty-second. 

E.  B.  KRUTTSCHNITT, 

President  of  the  Convention. 
R  H.  SNYDER, 
First  Vice-President  of  the  Convention. 
S.  McC.  LAWRASON, 
Second  Vice-President  of  the  Convention. 
Attest : 

ROBERT  S.  LANDRY, 

Secretary  of  the  Convention. 


FIRST  AMENDMENT  TO  CONSTITUTION 

OF  1898. 

Act  No.  4.)  S.  B.  No.  3— By  Mr.  Cage. 

JOINT  RESOLUTION. 

Proposing  an  amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  the  State  of 
Louisiana  relative  to  ratifying  and  carrying  into  effect  a 
special  tax  levied  in  the  City  of  New  Orleans  for  certain 
public  improvements,  and  to  establish  therein  public  sys- 
tems of  sewerage  and  water,  the  issuance  of  bonds  therefor 
and  the  providing  ways  and  means  to  pay  the  principal 
and  interest  of  said  bonds. 
ConBtitutional  SECTION  1.     Be  it  resolved  by  the  General  Assembly  of  the 

araendment  to  n     i  111 

be  submitted  at  State  of  Louisiana,  two-thirds  of  all  the  members  elected  to 

eralTlectfon^     each  house  concurring,  that  the  following  araendment  to  the 

^P"''^-^-i^*^  Constitution  of  the  State  be  submitted  to  the  electors  of  the 

State  at  the  next  general  election  for  Representatives  in  the 

Legislature,  to  be  holden  on  the  Tuesday  next  following  the 

third  Monday  in  April,  A.  D.  1900,  to-wit : 


308  AMENDMENTS  TO  CONSTITUTION  OP   1898. 

Abtiule  1.  "The  special  tax  for  public  improvements, 
voted  by  the  property  taxpayers  of  tiae  City  of  New  Orleans  Question  to  be 
on  Jmie  G,  18y9,  and  levied  by  the  City  Council,  by  Ordinance  fj^^^"^  °"  ^''''- 
No.  15,391,  approved  June  22,  1899,  is  hereby  ratified,  and  its 
validity  shall  never  be  questioned.  The  special  act  adopted  by 
the  Legislature  at  the  special  session  held  on  August  8,  1899, 
constituting  the  Sewerage  and  Water  Board  of  the  City  of 
New  Orleans,  authorizing  the  City  of  New  Orleans  to  issue 
bonds  and  providing  the  means  to  pay  the  principal  and  inter- 
est thereof,  and  for  other  puiposes  cognate  to  the  purposes  of 
the  special  tax  aforesaid,  is  hereby  ratified  and  approved,  spe- 
cially including  the  therein  reserved  legislative  right  to  amend 
the  same;  and  all  provisions  of  the  present  Constitution  in 
conflict  with  the  provisions  of  said  act  and  with  this  amend- 
ment are  to  that  extent  and  for  that  purpose  only  repealed." 

Sec.  2.  Be  it  further  resolved,  etc.,  that  on  the  official 
ballots  to  be  used  at  said  election  shall  be  placed  the  words, 
"For  the  City  of  New  Orleans  Public  Improvement  Amend- 
ment,"' and  the  words  "Against  the  City  of  New  Orleans  Pub- 
lic Improvement  Amendment,"  and  each  elector  shall  indicate, 
as  provided  in  the  general  election  laws  of  the  State  which  of 
the  propositions  ,  for  or  against,  he  votes  for. 

S.  P.  HENKY, 
Speaker  of  the  Hon^e  of  Representatives. 
E.  H.  SNYDER, 
Lieutenant  Governor  and  President  of  the  Senate. 
Approved  August  18th,  1899. 

MURPHY  J.  FOSTER, 
Governor  of  the  State  of  Louisiana. 
A  true  copy: 

JOHN  T.  MICHEL, 

Secretary  of  State. 


SECOND  AMENDMENT  TO  C^'ONSTITUTION  OF  1898. 
Act  No.  73.)  H.  B.  No.  73— By  Mr.  B.  T.  Young. 

JOINT  RESOLUTION. 

Proposing  an  Amendment  to  Article  803  of  the  Constitution  of  the  State 

of  Louisiana. 

Skctiox  1.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of 
Louisiana,  two-thirds  of  all  members  elected  to  each  House  concurring, 
That  Article  Three  Hundred  and  Three  of  the  Constitution  of  the  State 
of  Louisiana  be  so  amended  as  to  read  as  follows : 

Article  303.     A  pension  not  to  exceed  ($8)  Dollars  per  month  shall 


AMENDMENTS  TO   CONSTITUTION   OF    1898.  309 

be  allowed  to  each  Confederate  soldier  or  sailor  veteran,  who  possesses  all 
of  the  following  qualifications: 

1st.  He  shall  have  served  honorably  from  the  date  of  his  enlist- 
ment until  the  close  of  the  late  Civil  War,  or  until  he  was  discharged  or 
paroled,  in  some  military  organization  regularly  mustered  into  the  Army 
or  Navy  of  the  Confederate  States,  and  shall  have  remained  true  to  the 
Confederate  States  until  the  surrender. 

2nd.  He  shall  be  in  indigent  circumstances,  and  unable  to  earn  a 
livelihood  by  his  own  labor  or  skill. 

3rd.  He  shall  not  be  salaried  or  otherwise  provided  for  by  the  State 
of  Louisiana,  or  by  any  other  State  or  Government. 

In  case  he  enlisted  in  any  organization  mustered  into  said  service 
as  a  Louisiana  organization,  or  in  cas  eat  the  date  of  his  enlistment  he 
resided  in  the  State  of  Louisiana,  he  shall  have  resided  in  this  State  for 
at  least  five  years  prior  to  his  application  for  pension.  In  case  he  resided 
elsewhere  than  in  this  State,  and  enlisted  in  an  organization  not  mus- 
tered in  from  Louisiana,  or  in  the  Navy  of  the  Confederate  States,  he  shall 
have  resided  in  this  State  for  at  least  fifteen  years  prior  to  his  application 
for  such  pension.  A  like  pension  shall  be  granted  to  the  widow  who 
shall  not  have  married  again,  in  indigent  circumstances,  of  such  soldier 
or  sailor  whose  marriage  to  her  was  contracted  prior  to  January  1st,  1870, 
provided,  that  if  her  deceased  husband  served  in  an  organization  mus- 
tered in  from  Louisiana,  or  if  he  resided  in  Louisiana  at  the  date  of  his 
enlistment,  and  has  so  resided  for  one  year  prior  thereto,  then  in  order 
that  such  widow  shall  be  entitled  to  the  pension  as  herein  provided,  she 
shall  have  resided  in  this  State  for  at  least  five  years  prior  to  her  appli- 
cation therefor;  and  if  her  deceased  husband  enlisted  elsewhere  than  in 
Louisiana,  and  served  in  an  organization  not  mustered  in  from  Louisiana 
such  widow  shall,  in  order  to  entitle  her  to  pension  as  herein  provided, 
have  resided  in  this  State  for  not  less  than  fifteen  years  prior  to  her  appli- 
cation for  such  pension ;  provided  further  that  pensions  whether  to  veter- 
ans or  to  widows  shall  be  allowed  only  from  the  date  of  application  undc 
this  article  and  the  total  appropriations  for  all  pensions  shall  not  be  lesn 
than  fifty  thousand  dollars  nor  more  than  seventy-five  thousand  dollars 
in  any  one  year;  provided,  that  nothing  in  this  Article  shall  be  construed 
so  as  to  prohibit  the  General  Assembly  from  providing  artificial  limbs  to 
disabled  Confederate  soldiers  or  sailors. 

Section  2.  Be  it  further  enacted,  etc.,  That  this  proposed  amend- 
ment be  submitted  to  the  qualified  voters  of  the  State  of  Louisiana  for 
adoption  or  rejection,  at  the  Congressional  election  to  be  holden  in  No- 
vember, 1900.  J.  y.  SANDERS, 

Speaker  of  the  House  of  Reprefsenfafives. 
ALBERT    ESTOPINAL. 
Lieutenant-Governor  and  President  of  the  Senate. 

Approved,  July  6th,  1900.  W.  W.  HEARD. 

Governor  of  the  State  of  Louisiana. 
A  true  copy : 

JOHN  T.  MICHEL,  Secretary  of  State. 

10 


PART    II. 


TERRITORIAL   AND  STATE   GOVERNMENTS. 


GOVERNORS  OF  LOUISIANA  UNDER  FRENCH  RULE. 

Marquis  de  Sauvolle  1699-1700 

Bienville  1701-1712 

Lamothe  Cadillar 1713-1715 

De  L'Epinay 1716-1717 

Bienville 1718-1723 

Boisbriant  (ad  interim)    1724 

Perrier   1725-1731 

Bienville 1732-1741 

Marquis  de  Vautreuil  1742-1752 

Baron  de  Kerelec 1753-1762 

D'Abadie    1763-1766 


UNDER  SPANISH  RULE. 

Antoine  de  Ulloa  ■ 1767-1768 

Alexander  O'Reilley    1768-1769 

Luis  de  Unzaga 1770-1776 

Bernardo  de  Galvez  1777-1784 

Estevan  Miro 1785-1787 

Francisco  Luis  Horter,  Baron  de  Carondelet 1789-1792 

Gayoso  de  Lemos  1793-1797 

Sebastian  y  Caso  Calvo  y  O'Farrill 1798-1799 

Juan  Manuel  y  de  Salcedo 1801-1803 

TERRITORY  OF  LOUISIANA. 
W.  C.  C.  Claiborne 1804-1812 

STATE  OF  LOUISIANA. 

W.  C.  C.  Claiborne  1812-1816 

Jacques   Villere    1816-1820 

Thomas  Boling  Robertson  (resigned)   1820-1822 

Henry  S,  Thibodaux,  President  of  the  Senate  (acting  governor)  .1822-1824 

Henry  Johnson 1824-1828 

Pierre  Derbigny  (died  in  office) 1828-1829 


314  'J'ERKITUKIAL  AND  STATE  (GOVERNMENTS. 

A.  Beauvais,  President  of  the  Senate  (acting  Governor) 1829-1830 

Jacques  Dupre 1830-1831 

Andre  Bienvenu  Roman 1831-1835 

Edward  White 1835-1839 

Andre  Bienvenu  Roman    1839-1843 

Alexandre  Mouton 1843-184G 

Isaac  Johnson 1846-1850 

Joseph  Walker 1850-1853 

Paul  O.  Ilebert 1853-1856 

Robert  Charles  Wickliffe   1856-1860 

Thomas  Overton  Moore 1860-1864 

Gen.  G.  F.  Shepley,  Military  Governor 1862-1863 

Henry  Watkins  Allen,  under  Confederate  Government 1864-1864 

Michael  Hahn,  under  Federal  Government 1864 

James  Madison  Wells,  President  of  Senate,  (Acting  Governor)  .1864-1866 

James  Madison  Wells 1866-1867 

Benjamin  Flanders,  under  military  authority 1867-1868 

Joshua  Baker,  under  military  authority 186S 

Henry  Clay  Warmoth   1868-1873 

Jahn  McEnery  (counted  out  by  the  Returning  Board) 1873 

P.  B.  S.  Pinchback,  Lieutenant  Governor,  Acting  Governor.  ..  .  1873 

William  Pitt  Kellogg,  Governor  de  jure 1873-1877 

Francis  T.  Nicholls 1877-1879 

Louis  Alfred  Wiltz  (died  in  office) 1880-1881 

Samuel  Douglas  McEnery,  Lieutenant  Governor,  succeeded  him 

as   Governor    ^, 1881-1884 

Samuel  Douglas  McEnery 1884-1888 

Francis  T.  Nicholls 1888-1892 

Murphy  James  Foster 1892-1896 

Murphy  James  Foster 1896-1900 

Willinm   Wright  Heard    1900-1904 


LOUISIANA  CONGRESSMEN. 

(Territory  organized  March  3,  1805.) 

Ninth  Congress— ]\rarch  4,  1805,  to  March  4,  1807 : 
Delegate:     Daniel  Clarke. 

Tenth  Congress— Ma rdi  4,  1807,  to  March  4,  1809: 
Delegate:     Daniel  Clarke. 

Eleventh  Congress— March  4,  1809,  to  March  4,  1811 : 
Delegate:     Julien  Poydras. 

Twelfth  Congress— March  4,  1811,  to  March  4, 1813: 

Delegate:     Julien  Poydras,  until  Ajjril  8,  1S12,  when  Louisiana  was  ad- 
mitted into  the  Union. 


TERRITORIAL  AXn  STATE  CiOVERXAf EXTS.  61.J 

Senators:  (In  class  3.)  Allen  B.  Magruder,  to  serve  from  September 
3,  1812,  to  March  4,  1813.  (In  class  2.)  Jean  Noel  Destrehan,  elected 
in  December,  1811,  to  serve  until  March  4,  '1817,  but  resigned  before  the 
State  was  admitted,  and  was  succeeded  by  Thos.  Lloyd  Posey,  the  Gov- 
ernor's appointee,  who  served  until  December,  1812,  when  James  Brown, 
the  elect  of  the  Legislature,  took  his  seat. 

Representative  :     Thomas  Boiling  Robertson. 

Thirteenth  Congress — March  4,  1813,  to  March  4,  1815 : 

Senators:     James   Brown,   Eligius   Fromentin,   successor  to  Allen   B. 

Magrudei*. 

Representative  :     Thomas  B.  Robertson. 

Fourteenth  Congress — March  4,  1815,  to  March  4,  1817 : 
Senato-rs :     James  Brown,  Eligius  Fromentin. 
Representative  :     Thomas  B.  Robertson. 

FiFTFENTH  CoNORKS.s — ^larch  4,  1817,  to  March  4,  1819: 

Senators:  Eligius  Fromentin;  Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne,  successor  to 
James  Brown. 

SixTEK.\T,i  CoNGHESs— ]^]aich  4,  1819,  to  March  4,  1821: 

Senators:     Henry  Johnson;   James  Brown,  successor  to  Eligius  Fro- 
mentin to  serve  until  March  4,  1825. 
Representative:     Thomas  Butler. 

Seventeenth  Congress — March  4,  1821,  to  March  4,  1823 : 
Senators:     Henry  Johnson,  James  Brown. 
Representative:     Josiah  Stoddart  Johnson. 

Eighteenth  Congress — March  4,  1823,  to  March  4,  1825 : 

Senators:  James  Brown;  until  December  23,  1823,  when  he  resigned 
to  accept  the  position  of  Minister  to  France,  and  was  succeeded  (January 
15,  1824)  by  Josiah  S.  Johnson.  Henry  Johnson,  re-elected;  to  serve 
until  !March  4,  1829;  but  in  1824  resigned  to  become  Governor  of  the 
State,  and  was  succeeded  (November  19,  1824,)  by  Dominique  Bouligny. 

Representatives:  Wm.  L.  Brent,  Henry  H.  Gurley,  Edward  Liv- 
ingston. 


^to-^ 


Nineteenth  Congress — March  4,  1825,  to  March  4,  1827: 

Senators:     Josiah    S.    Johnston;    his    own    successor;    to    serve    until 
March  4,  1831 ;  Dominique  Bouligny. 

Representatives:     William  L.  Brent,  Henry  H.   Gurley,   Edward  Liv- 
ingston. 

Twentieth  Congress — March  4,  1827,  to  March  4,  1829: 
Senators:     Josiah  S.  Johnston,  Dominique  Bouligny. 
Representatives :     William  L.  Brent,  Henry  H.  Gurley,  Edward  Liv- 
ingston. 


316  TERKITORIAL  AND  STATE  GOVERNMENTS. 

Twenty-First  Congress — March  4,  1829,  to  March  4,  1831 : 

Senators:  Josiah  L.  Johnston,  Edward  Livingston,  successor  to  Dom- 
inique Bouligny,  to  serve  until  March  4,  1835. 

Representatives:  Walter  H.  Overton,  Henry  H.  Gurley,  Edward  D. 
White. 

Twenty-Second  Congress — March  4,  1831,  to  March  4,  1833: 

Senators:     Josiah  S.  Johnston,  re-elected  for  six  years;  Edward  Liy- 

ingston,   resigned   and   succeeded,    (November   19,   1831,)    by   George  A. 

Waggaraan. 

Representatives :     Henry  Adams  Bullard,  Philemon  Thomas,  Edward 

D.  White. 

Twenty-Thiud  Congress— March  4,  1833,  to  March  4,  1835: 

Senators:  Josiah  S.  Johnston,  killed  May  19,  1833,  by  steamboat  ex- 
plosion on  Red  River,  and  succeeded,  (December  19,  1833,)  by  Alexander 
Porter,  George  A.  Waggaman. 

Representatives :  Henry  A.  Bullard,  resigned  in  1834  to  become  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Louisiana  Supreme  Court,  and  was  succeeded  by  Rice  Garland ; 
Philemon  Thomas;  Edward  D.  White  (resigned  in  1834  to  become  Gov- 
ernor, and  was  succeeded  by  Henry  Johnson). 

Twenty-Fourth  Congress — March  4,  1835,  to  March  4,  1837: 

Senators:  Alexander  Porter,  resigned  January  10,  1837,  and  suc- 
ceeded January  12,  1837,  by  Alexander  Mouton;  Charles  Gayarre,  suc- 
cessor to  George  A.  Waggaman,  resigned  in  December,  1835,  and  was 
succeeded  by  Robert  Carter  Nicholas. 

Representatives :     Rice  Garland,  Eleazar  W.  Ripley,  Henry  Johnson. 

Twenty-Fifth  Congress— March  4,1837,  to  March  4,  1839: 

Senators:  Robert  C.  Nicholas,  Alexander  Mouton,  elected  for  six 
years  to  succeed  himself. 

Representatives:  Rice  Garland,  Eleazar  W.  Ripley,  (died  March  2, 
1839),  Henry  Johnson. 

Twenty-Sixth  Congress— March  4,  1839,  to  March  4,  1841: 

Senators :     Robert  C.  Nicholas,  Alexander  Mouton. 

Representatives:  Rice  Garland,  resigned  in  1840  to  become  one  of 
the  judges  of  the  Louisiana  Supreme  Court,  and  was  succeeded  by  John 
Moore;  Thomas  Withers  Chinn,  Edward  D.  White. 

Twenty-Seventh  Congress — March  4, 1841,  to  March  4, 1843 : 

Senators :  Alexander  Mouton,  resigned  April  1,  1842,  to  become  Gov- 
ernor, and  on  April  14,  1842,  was  succeeded  by  Charles  M.  Conrad;  Alex- 
ander Barron,  successor  to  Robert  C.  Nicholas  for  term  ending  March 
4,  1847. 

Representatives:     John  Moore,  John  B.  Dawson,  Edward  D.  White. 


TERRITORIAL   AND  STATE  GOVERNMENTS.  317 

Twenty-Eighth  Congress — March  4,  1843,  to  March  4,  1845 : 

Senators :  Alexander  Barrow,  Alexander  Porter  (successor  to  Chas. 
M.  Conrad  for  term  ending  March  4,  1849),  died  January  13,  1844,  and 
was  succeeded  by  Henry  Johnson. 

Representatives :  John  Slidell,  Alcee  Labranche,  John  B.  Dawson, 
Placide  E.  Bossier,  died  April  24,  1844,  and  Isaac  E.  Morse  elected  to  fill 
unexpired  term. 

Twenty-Ninth  Congress — March  4,  1845,  to  March  4,  184Y: 

Senators:  Alexander  Barrow,  died  December  29,  1846,  and  Pierro 
Soule  elected  to  vacancy  February  3,  1847;  Henry  Johnson. 

Representatives :  John  Slidell,  in  1846  resigned,  having  been  ap- 
pointed Minister  to  Mexico,  and  Emile  La  Sere  elected  to  the  vacancy; 
Bannon  G.  Thibodeaux;  John  B.  Dawson,  died  June  26,  1845,  and  John 
H.  Harm.'ins  n  elected  1o  the  vacancy;  Isaac  E.  Morse. 

Thirtieth  Congress — March  4,  1847,  to  March  4,  1849 : 

Senators:     Henry  Johnson,  Solomon  W.  Downs,  successor  to  Pierre 

Soule  for  term  ending  March  4,  1853. 

Representatives:     Emile  La  Sere,  Bannon  G.  Thibodeaux,  John  H. 

Harmanson,  Isaac  E.  Morse. 

Thirty-First  Congress — March  4,  1849,  to  March  4,  1851: 

Senators:     Solomon  W.   Downs,  Pierre  Soule,  successor  to  Henry 

Johnson,  for  term  ending  March  4,  1855. 

Representatives:     Emile  La  Sere,  Charles  M.  Conrad,  in  July,  1850, 

resigned  to  become  Secretary  of  War,  and  in  November,  1850,  Henry  A. 

Bullard  was  elected  to  the  vacancy ;  John  H.  Harmanson,  died  October  25, 

1850,  and  in  November,  1850,  Alex  G.  Penn  was  elected  to  the  vacancy; 

Isaac  E.  Morse. 

Thirty-Second  Congress — March  4,  1851,  to  March  4,  1853: 

Senators :     Solomon  W.  Downs,  Pierre  Soule. 

Representatives:  Louis  St.  Martin,  J.  Aristide  Landry,  Alexander 
G.  Penn,  John  Moore. 

Thirty-Third  Congress — March  4,  1853,  to  March  4, 1855 : 

Senators:  Pierre  Soule,  resigned  in  March,  1853,  to  become  Minis- 
ter to  Spain,  and  April  12,  1853,  John  Slidell  was  elected  to  the  vacancy. 
Judah  P.  Benjamin,  successor  to  Solomon  W.  Downs,  for  term  ending 
March  4,  1859. 

Representatives :  William  Dunbar,  Theodore  G.  Hunt,  John  Perkins, 
Jr.,  Roland  Jones. 

Thirty-Fourth  Congress — March  4, 1855,  to  March  4, 1857 : 

Senators:  Judah  P.  Benjamin,  John  Slidell,  to  succeed  himself  for 
six  years. 

Representatives:  George  Eustis,  Jr.,  Miles  Taylor,  Thomas  Green 
Davidson,  John  M.  Sandidge. 


318  TERUlTolJIAL  AKU  STATE  GOVERNMENTS. 

Thirty-Fifth  Congress — March  4,  1857,  to  March  4,  1859: 

Senators:     Judah  P.  Benjamin,  John  Slidell. 

Repi-esen'tottives:  G-eorge  Eustis,  Jr.,  Miles  Taylor,  Thomas  G. 
Davidson,  John  M.  Sandidge. 

TiiiKTV-SixTii  Congress — March  4,  1859,  to  March  4,  1861: 

Senators:  Judah.  P.  Benjamin,  to  succeed  himself  for  term  ending 
Afarch  4,  1865;  but  on  Feb.  4,  1861.  retired,  because  of  the  secession  of 
Louisiana  from  the  Union.  John  Slidell;  retired  Feb.  4,  1861,  because  of 
lhe  secession  of  Louisiana. 

Representatives:  John  E.  Bouligny,  Miles  Taylor,  Thomas  G. 
David'^on,  John  M.  Landrum.  (Taylor,  Davidson  and  Landrum  re- 
lirc'd  on  Feb.  4.  1861,  because  of  the  secession  of  the  State). 

Thirty-Seventh  Congress — ^March  4, 1861,  to  March  4,  1863 : 

Louisiana  unrepresented  in  the  Senate.  In  the  House  Benjamin  F. 
Flanders  represented  the  First  District  from  January  10,  1863,  to  March 
4,  1868;  and  Michael  Hahn,  the  Second  District,  for  the  same  brief  period. 
Thirty-Eighth  Congress — March  4,  1863,  to  March  4,  1865: 

Louisiana  unrepresented  in  either  House. 

Thirty-Ninth  Congress — March  4,  1865,  to  March  4,  1867: 
Louisiana  unrepresented  in  either  House. 

Fortieth  Congress — March  4,  1867,  to  March  4,  1869 : 

Senators:  Wm.  Pitt  Kellogg  (in  class  3),  from  July  17,  1868,  for 
term  expiring  March  4,  1873.  John  S.  Harris  (in  class  2),  from  July  17, 
1868,  for  term  expiring  jMarch  4,  1871. 

Representatives:  J.  Hale  Sypher,  J.  H.  Menard  (colored),  Michel 
Vidal,  John  P.  Newsham,  W.  Jasper  Blackburn ;  all  five  served  only  from 
July  17,  1868. 

Forty-First  Congress — March  4,  1869,  to  March  4,  1871 : 

Senators :     William  Pitt  Kellogg,  John  S.  ILarris. 

Representatives:  First  District:  Louis  St.  Martin,  elected  by  653 
majority  over  J.  Hale  Sypher,  but  the  later  contested  and  was  seated. 
Second  District:  Lionel  A.  Sheldon.  Third  District:  Adolph  Bailey, 
elected  by  7,497  majority  over  Chester  B.  Darrall,  but  the  latter  contested 
and  was  seated.  Fourth  District:  Michael  Ryan,  elected  by  4,779  ma- 
jority over  John  P.  Newsham,  but  the  latter  contested  and  was  seated. 
Fifth  District:  Geo.  W.  McCranie,  elected  by  7,684  majority  over  Frank 
Morey,  but  the  latter  contested  and  was  seated. 

Forty-Second  Congress — March  4,  1871,  to  March  4, 1873: 

Senators :  William  Pitt  Kellogg,  resigned  in  December,  1872,  to  be- 
come Governor;  and  P.  B.  S.  Pinchback  (colored),  was  elected  to  succeed 
him,  but  was  never  admitted.  J.  Rodman  West,  successor  to  John  S. 
Harris. 


TERRITORIAL  AND  STATE  GOVERNMENTS.  319 

Representatives:  J.  Hale  Sypher,  Lionel  A.  Sheldon,  Chester  B.  Dar- 
rall,  James  McCleary,  died  in  1872,  and  Aleck  Boarman  elected  to  the 
vacancy;  Frank  Morey. 

Forty-Third  Congress — ^March  4,  1873,  to  March  4,  1875 : 

Senators :     J.  Rodman  West.     Second  seat  vacant. 

Representatives  :  At  large :  Vacant  until  February,  1876,  vphen  Geo. 
H.  Sheridan  was  seated.  First  District :  Efhngham  Lawrence  elected, 
but  J.  Hale  Sypher  contested  and  was  seated  subject  to  contest,  in  Febru- 
ary, 1875;  the  seat  was  allotted  to  Lawrence.  Second  District:  Randall 
Lee  Gibson  was  elected,  but  Lionel  A.  Sheldon  contested  and  was  seated. 
Third  District:  Chester  B.  Darrall.  Fourth  District:  Edward  C. 
Davidson  was  elected,  but  George  A.  Smith  contested  and  was  seated. 
Fifth  District :     Frank  Morey. 

Forty-Fourth  Congress — ]\[arch  4,  1875,  to  March  4,  1877: 

Senators:  J.  Rodman  West.  Vacant  until  February  10,  1877,  when 
James  B.  Eustis  was  seated. 

Representatives :  Randall  Lee  Gibson,  E.  John  Ellis,  Chester  B.  Dar- 
rall, Wm.  Mallory  Levy,  William  B.  Spencer,  C.  E.  Nash  (colored). 

Forty-Fifth  Congress — March  4, 1877,  to  March  4, 1879 : 

Senators :  James  B.  Eustis,  Wm.  Pitt  Kellogg,  successor  to  J.  Rod- 
man West. 

Representatives:  Randall  Lee  Gibson,  E.  John  Ellis,  Joseph  H.  Ack- 
len,  J.  B.  Elam,  J.  E.  Leonard,  died  June,  1878,  and  in  November,  1878. 
John  S.  Young  was  elected  to  the  vacancy;  Edward  W.  Robertson. 

Forty-Sixth  Congress— March  4, 1879,  to  March  4,  1881 : 

Senators:  Wm.  Pitt  Kellogg,  B.  Frank  Jonas,  succeeded  to  Jas.  B. 
Eustis,  for  term  ending  March  4,  1885. 

Representatives :  Randall  Lee  Gibson,  E.  John  Ellis,  Joseph  H.  Ack- 
len,  J.  B.  Elam,  J.  Floyd  King,  Edward  W.  Robertson. 

Forty-Seventh  Congress — March  4,  1881,  to  March  4,  1883 : 

Senators:     William  Pitt  Kellogg,  B.  Frank  Jonas. 

Representatives :  Randall  Lee  Gibson,  E.  John  Ellis,  Chester  B.  Dar- 
rall, Newton  C.  Blanchard,  J.  Floyd  King,  Edward  W.  Robertson. 

Forty-Eighth  Congress — March  4,  1883,  to  March  4,  1885: 

Senators:     B.  Frank  Jonas,  Randall  Lee  Gibson,  successor  to  Wm. 

Pitt  Kellogg,  for  term  ending  March  4,  1889. 

Representatives:     Carleton  Hunt,  E.  John  Ellis,  Wm.  Pitt  Kellogg, 

Newton  C.  Blanchard,  J.  Floyd  King,  Ed.  T.  Lewis. 

Forty-Ninth  Congress — March  4, 1885,  to  March  4, 1887 : 

Senators:     Randall  Lee  Gibson,  James  B.  Eustis,  successor  to  B. 

Frank  Jonas,  for  term  ending  March  4,  1891. 

Representatives :     Louis  St.  Martin,  Michael  Hahn,  died  in  April, 


320  TERRITORIAL  AND  STATE  GOVERNMENTS. 

1886,  and  N.  D.  Wallace  elected  to  succeed  him ;  Edward  J.  Gay,  Newton 
C.  Blanchard,  J.  Floyd  King,  Alfred  Briggs  Irion. 

Fiftieth  Congress — March  4,  1887,  to  March  4,  1889 : 

Senators:     Randall  Lee  Gibson,  James  B.  Eustis. 

Representatives:  Theodore  S.  Wilkinson,  Matt.  D.  Lagan,  Edward 
J,  Gay,  Newton  C.  Blanchard,Cherubusco  Newton,  Edward  W.  Robertson, 
died  in  August,  1887,  and  his  son,  Samuel  M.  Robertson,  was,  in  Novem- 
ber, 1887,  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy. 

Fifty-First  Congress — March  4,  1889,  to  March  4,  1891 : 

Senators:  Edward  D.  White,  of  Orleans;  Randall  Lee  Gibson,  of 
New  Orleans. 

Representatives :  First  District,  Theo.  S.  Wilkinson  of  Plaquemine ; 
Second  District,  H.  Dudley  Coleman  of  New  Orleans ;  Third  District, 
Edward  J.  Gay  of  Iberville;  Fourth  District,  Newton  C.  Blanchard  of 
Caddo;  Fifth  District,  Charles  J.  Boatner  of  Ouachita;  Sixth  District, 
Samuel  M.  Robertson  of  East  Baton  Rouge.  Edward  J.  Gay  died  and  was 
succeeded  by  Andrew  Price  of  Lafourche. 

Fifty-Second  Congress — March  4,  1891,  to  March  4,  1893 : 

Senators:  Edward  D.  White,  of  Orleans;  Randall  Lee  Gibson,  of 
Orleans,  (died,  and  succeeded  by  Donaldson  Caffery  1892). 

Representatives:  First  District,  Adolph  Meyer  of  Orleans;  Second 
District,  Matt.  D.  Lagan  of  Orleans;  Third  District,  Andrew  Price  of 
Lafourche;  Fourth  District,  Newton  C.  Blanchard  of  Caddo;  Fifth  Dis- 
trict, Charles  J.  Boatner  of  Ouachita ;  Sixth  District,  Samuel  M.  Robert- 
son of  East  Baton  Rouge. 

Fifty-Third  Congress — March  4,  1893,  to  March  4,  1895 : 

Senators :     Edward  D.  White,  of  Orleans ;  Donaldson  Caffery,  of  St. 

Mary.     (Edward  D.  White  having  been  appointed  Associate  Justice  of  the 

Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  Newton  C.  Blanchard,  of  Caddo,  was 

appointed  to  fill  vacancy). 

Representatives:     First  District,  Adolph  Meyer  of  Orleans;  Second 

District,  Robert  C.  Davey  of  Orleans;  Third  District,  Andrew  Price  of 

Lafourche;  Fourth  District,  Newton  C.  Blanchard,  of  Caddo  (Harry  W. 

Ogden,  of  Bossier,  was  elected  to  fill  vacancy  caused  by  appointment  of 

Newton  C.  Blanchard  to  the  United  States  Senate)  ;  Fifth  District,  Cha.s. 

J.  Boatner  of  Ouachita;  Sixth  District,   Samuel  M.  Robertson  of  East 

Baton  Rouge. 

Fifty-Fourth  Congress— March  4, 1895,  to  March  4,  1897 : 

Senators :     Donaldson  Caffery,  of  St.  Mary ;  Newton  C.  Blanchard,  of 

Caddo;    Samuel    Douglas   McEnery,    of    Ouachita,    elected   by    General 

Assembly  to  succeed  N.  C.  Blanchard. 

Representatives:     First  District,  Adolph  Meyer  of  Orleans;  Second 

District,  Charles  F.  Buck  of  Orleans;  Third  District,  Andrew  Price  of 


TERRITORIAL   AND  STATE  GOVERNMENTS.  321 

Lafourche;  Fourth  District,  Harry  W.  Ogden  of  Bossier;  Fifth  District, 
Charles  J.  Boatner  of  Ouachita,  (contested  by  Alex  Benoit,  and  seat  de- 
clared vacant,  and  at  election  held  on  June  10th,  189G,  Charles  J. 
Boatner  was  re-elected) ;  Sixth  District,  Samuel  M.  Robertson  of  East 
Baton  Rouge. 

Fifty-fifth  Congress — March  4,  1897,  to  March  4,  1899. 

Senators:  Donaldson  Caffery  of  St.  Mary;  Samuel  Douglass 
McEnery  of  Ouachita,  successor  to  Newton  C.  Blanchard  (for  terms 
beginning  March  4,  1897,  ending  March  4,  1903). 

Representatives:  First  District,  Adolph  Meyer  of  Orleans;  Second 
District,  Robert  C.  Davey  of  Orleans;  Third  District,  Robert  F.  Brous- 
sard  of  Iberia;  Fourth  District,  Hariy  W.  Ogden  of  Bossier;  Fifth 
District,  Sam'l  T.  Baird  of  Morehouse;  Sixth  District,  Sam'l  M.  Robert- 
son of  East  Baton  Rouge. 

Fifty-sixth  Congress — March  4,  1899,  to  March  4,  1901. 

Senators:  Donaldson  Caifery  of  St.  Mary;  Samuel  Douglass 
McEnery  of  Ouachita. 

Representatives:  First  District,  Adolph  Meyer  of  Orleans;  Second 
District,  Robert  C.  Davey  of  Orleans ;  Third  District,  Robert  F.  Broussard 
of   Iberia;    Fourth   District,    Phanor    Brazeale    of    Natchitoches;    Fifth 

District,  Samuel  T.  Baird  of  Morehouse  (died  in  1899),  and 

Joseph  E.  Ransdell  of  East  Carroll,  elected  on  August  29,  1899,  to  fill 
vacancy;  Sixth  District,  Sam'l.  M.  Robertson  of  East  Baton  Rouge. 

Fifty-seventh  Congress — March  4,  1901,  to  March  4,  1903. 

Senators:  Samuel  Douglass  McEnery  of  Ouachita;  Murphy  James 
Foster  of  St.  Mary  (successor  to  Donaldson  Caffery,  term  beginning 
March  4,  1901,  ending  March  4,  1907). 

Representatives:  First  District,  Adolph  Meyer  of  Orleans;  Second 
District,  Robert  C.  Davey  of  Orleans;  Third  District,  Robert  F.  Broussard 
of  Iberia;  Fourth  District,  Phanor  Brazeale  of  Natchitoches;  Fifth 
District,  Joseph  E.  Ransdell  of  East  Carroll;  Sixth  District,  Samuel  M. 
Robertson  of  East  Baton  Rouge. 


322  TERRITORIAL  AND  STATE  GOVERNMENTS. 


PEESIDENTIAL  ELECTORS— ELECTED  BY  THE 
LEGISLATURE. 

1812.  Julien  Poydras,  Stephen  A.  Hopkins,  Philomen  Thomas,  who 
cast  their  votes  for  James  Madison. 

1810.  Garrigues  Flangas,  Squire  Lea  and  John  R.  Grymes,  who 
cast  their  votes  for  James  Monroe. 

1824.  William  Nott,  Jean  Baptists  Blanche,  James  H.  Shepherd, 
Sebastian  Hiriart  and  Pierre  Lacoste,  who  cast  their  votes  as  follows: 
Three  votes  for  Andrew  Jackson  and  three  votes  for  John  Quincy  Adams. 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTORS— ELECTED  BY  THE  PEOPLE. 

1828.  Jean  Baptiste  Blanche,  Alexander  Mouton,  Thomas  W.  Scott. 
Placide  E.  Bossier  and  Trasimond  Landry,  who  cast  their  votes  for 
Andrew  Jackson.  The  popular  vote  was  as  follows:  Andrew  Jackson 
4604,  John  Quincy  Adams  4095  votes. 

1832.  Jean  Baptiste  Blanche,  Alexander  Mouton,  Thomas  W.  Scott, 
W.  H.  Overton,  Trasimond  Landry  and  Placide  E.  Bossier,  who  cast  their 
votes  for  Andrew  Jackson.  The  popular  vote  stood  as  follows:  Andrew 
Jackson  4094,  and  Henry  Clay  2522  votes. 

1836.  Jean  Baptiste  Blanche,  Alexander  Mouton,  Thomas  W.  Scott, 
Placide  E.  Bossier,  W.  H.  Overton  and  Trasimond  Landry,  who  cast  their 
votes  for  Martin  Van  Buren.  The  popular  vote  was  as  follows:  Martin 
Van  Buren  3653  votes,  William  Henry  Harrison  3383  votes. 

1840.  William  De  Buys,  Jacques  Dupre,  Joseph  Bernard,  Seth  W. 
Lewis,  John  Moon  and  L.  Barras,  who  cast  their  votes  for  William  Henry 
Harrison.  The  popular  vote  was  as  follows :  William  Henry  Harrison 
11,297,  Martin  Van  Buren  1617  votes. 

1844.  Gilbert  Leonard,  Jean  Baptiste  Blanche,  Trasimond  Landry, 
A.  E.  Mouton,  Solomon  W.  Downs  and  Thomas  W.  Scott,  who  cast  their 
votes  for  James  Ejiox  Polk.  The  popular  vote  was  as  follows:  James 
Knox  Polk  13,782,  Henry  Clay  13,083. 

1848.  Jacques  Toutane,  Judah  P.  Benjamin,  Manuel  J.  Garcia,  John 
Moore,  Christopher  Adams,  Jr.,  and  James  G.  Campbell,  who  cast  their 
votes  for  Zachary  Taylor.  The  popular  vote  was  as  follows:  Zachary 
Taylor  18,117  votes,  and  Louis  Cass  15,370. 

1852.  E.  Warren  Moise,  Thomas  Green  Davidson,  Jean  Baptiste 
Blanche,  Trasimond  Landry,  Thomas  Overton  Moore,  R.  W.  Richardson, 
who  cast  their  votes  for  Franklin  Pierce.  The  popular  vote  was  as 
follows:    Pierce  18,647,  Winfield  Scott  17,255. 

1856.      Charles    J.    Villere,  Wm.  A.    Elmore,    Trasimond    Landry, 


TERRITORIAL  AND  STATE  GOVERXMEXTS.  323 

Thomas  O.  Moore,  John  McVey,  Henry  Gray,  who  cast  their  votes  for 
James  Buchanan.  The  popular  vote  was  as  follows :  James  Buchanan 
22,164,  Millard  Fillmore  20,709. 

1860.  Octave  fS.  Kousseau,  Bernard  Avegno,  Trasimond  Landry, 
Jules  G.  Olivier,  Bennett  B.  Simms  and  William  M.  Levy,  who  cast  their 
votes  for  John  C.  Breckinridge.  The  popular  vote  stood  as  follows :  John  C. 
Breckinridge  22,681,  John  Bell  20,204,  and  Stephen  A.  Douglas  7,625.  . 

1864.     Louisiana  did  not  vote  for  President. 

1868.  George  W.  Race,  William  F.  Blackman,  Anthony  Sambola, 
M.  B.  Brady,  Clarence  Work,  S.  J.  Powell  and  F.  M.  Goodrich,  who  cast 
their  votes  for  Horatio  Seymour.  The  popular  vote  stood  as  follows : 
Horatio  Seymour  43,189,  Ulysses  S.  Grant  27,911  votes. 

1872.  Thomas  C.  Manning,  Andrew  S.  Herron,  Hugh  J.  Campbell, 
Allen  Thomas,  Louis  Bush,  Albert  H.  Leonard,  and  L.  Vincent  Reeves. 
The  popular  vote  was  as  follows :  Horace  Greeley  66,467,  Ulysses  S. 
Grant  59,975.  The  Returning  Board  reduced  the  majority  by  throwing 
out  Democratic  votes  of  several  parishes  of  this  State,  thereby  giving  a 
majority  to  General  Grant,  under  pretext  of  fraud,  intimidation  and 
violence,  and  made  up  the  vote  as  follows :  For  U.  S.  Grant  71,663,  and 
for  Horace  Greeley  57,029  votes,  and  returned  the  following  named 
persons  as  Electors :  M.  F.  Bonzano,  Jules  Lanabere,  Dr.  L.  Roudanez, 
Milton  Morris,  A.  K.  Johnson,  Dr.  Joseph  Taylor  and  R.  L.  Brooks. 
Various  objections  were  made  before  the  two  Houses  of  Congress  to 
counting  the  vote  of  Louisiana,  arising  from  the  consideration  of  different 
election  certificates,  which  had  been  received  from  two  Returning 
Boards,  both  claiming  to  be  legal.  The  objection  to  counting  the  vote 
was  sustained  by  both  Houses.  The  above  vote  was  not  counted  under  the 
rule  "that  no  vote  objected  to  shall  be  counted,  except  by  the  concurrent 
vote  of  both  Houses." 

1876.  Robert  C.  Wickliffe,  John  McEnery,  Louis  St.  Martin,  Ralph 
J.  Cobb,  Felix  P.  Poche.  W.  A.  Seay,  Alcibiadcs  DcBlanc  and  K.  A.  Cross. 
The  popular  vote  stood  as  follows:  Samuel  J.  Tilden  86,723,  Rutherford 
B.  Hayes  77,174.  The  Returning  Board  reduced  the  majority  given  to 
Mr.  Tilden  by  throwing  out  votes  of  Democratic  parishes  and  increasing 
the  votes  in  Republican  parishes,  under  pretext  of  fraud,  intimidation  and 
violence,  and  made  up  the  vote  as  follows:  Rutherford  B.  Hayes  75,135, 
Samuel  J.  Tilden  70,036,  and  returned  the  following  named  persons  as 
electors:  William  P.  Kellegg,  J.  Henri  Burch,  Peter  Joseph,  A.  B. 
Levissee,  Lionel*  A.  Sheldon,  O.  H.  Brewster,  ]\rorris  Marks  and  Oscar 
Joffrion,  who  cast  their  votes  for  Rutherford  B.  Hayes. 

1880.  Walter  C.  Flower,  Thomas  C.  Manning,  Charles  A.  Butler, 
Emile  J.  O'Brien,  Allen  Thomas,  W.  H.  Jack,  George  A.  Ellis  and  K  A. 
Cross,  who  cast  their  votes  for  Winfield  S.  Hancock.  The  popular  vote 
stood  as  follows :  Winfield  S.  Hancock  65,067,  James  A.  Garfield  38,028, 
James  C.  Weaver . 

1884.  J.  D.  Watkins,  M.  E.  Girard,  Alex.  Brewster,  J.  C.  Denis,  I.  D. 
Moore,  W.  H.  Jack,  G.  L.  Gaekins  and  John  H.  Stone,  who  cast  their 


324  TERRITORIAL  AND  STATE  GOVERNMENTS. 

votes  for  Grover  Cleveland.  The  popular  vote  was  as  follows :  Grover 
Cleveland  62,521,  James  G.  Blaine  46,347,  St.  John  337,  and  Butler  120. 

1888.  A.  H.  May,  F.  P.  Stubbs,  Geo.  H.  Theard,  Euclid  Borland, 
E.  A.  O'Sullivan,  E.  W.  Sutherlin,  H.  P.  Wells,  L.  D.  Beale.  Vote  stood 
Cleveland  Electors  85,032,  Harrison  Electors  30,484. 

1892.  H.  P.  Kernochan,  Tom  K.  Green,  A.  L.  Tissot,  Saml.  L. 
Gilmore,  Gabe  Montegut,  W.  H.  Wise,  O.  B.  Steele,  T.  J.  Keman. 
Vote  stood  Cleveland  Electors . 

1896.  John  C.  Wickliffe,  Matt.  W.  Smart,  J.  W.  McFarland,  Albert 
Voorhies,  Sam'l.  J.  Kohlman,  G.  A.  Fournet,  R.  M.  Steele,  J.  T.  Howell. 
Vote  stood  Bryan  Electors  77,175,  McKinley  Electors  18,320. 

1900.  Robert  H.  Snyder,  Thos.  H.  Lewis,  Charles  J.  Theard,  Wm. 
0.  Hart,  Ed.  McCollum,  H.  T.  Liverman,  Allen  Barksdale,  S.  D.  Ellis. 
Vote  stood  Bryan  Electors  53,671,  McKinley  Electors  14,233. 

Note. — By  act  of  Congress  of  March  1,  1792,  amended  on  January 
23,  1845,  a  uniform  day  for  the  election  of  President  and  Vice-President 
is  fixed  for  all  the  States,  being  the  Tuesday  next  after  the  first  Monday 
in  November,  every  fourth  year  after  a  President  has  been  elected. 


PRESIDENTS  OF  THE  LEGISLATIVE  COUNCILS— TERRITORY 

OF  ORLEANS. 

Term  of  Office 

Julien   Poydras    1804-1805 

Jean  Noel  Destrehan 1806 

Pierre  Sauve  1807 

Julien  Poydras   1808 

J.  D.  Degouton  Bellechasse 1809-1810 

Jean  Noel  Destrehan 1810-1812 


PRESIDENTS  OF  THE  SENATE— STATE  OF  LOUISIANA. 

Term  of  Office 

Julien  Poydras 1812-1813 

Fuhnar  Skipwith    1814-1815 

Nathaniel  Meriam   1816-1819 

Julien  Poydras   1820-1821 

Bernard  IMarigny   1822 

H.  S.  Thibodaux 1823-1826 

A.   Beauvais    1827-1829 

Isaac  A.  Smith 1830-1831 

Charles  Derbigny 1832-1837 

Joseph  E.  Johnston    1838 

Jacques  Dupre    1838 

Felix  Garcia   1839-1845 


TERRITORIAL   AND  STATE  GOVERNMENTS.  325 

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNORS— EX-OFFICIO     PRESIDENTS     OF 

THE  SENATE. 

(This  office  was  created  under  the  Constitution  of  1845.) 

Term  of  Office 

Trasimond  Landry   1846-1849 

Jean  Baptiste  Plauche 1850-1855 

William  Wood  Farmer  (died  in  office) 1853 

Robert  Charles  Wickliffe,  president  pro  tem 1854-1855 

Charles  Homere  Mouton  (resigned)  1856 

William  F.  Griffin,  president  pro  tem   1857-1859 

Henry  M.  Hyams 1860-1864 

Benjamin  W.  Pearce,  de  jure  1861 

J.    Madison    Wells    (de    facto),    succeeded    by    Michael    Hahn, 

Governor  de  jure  1864 

Charles  Smith,  president  pro  tem 1864 

Charles  W.  Boyce,  president  pro  tem 1864 

Louis  Gastinel,  president  pro  tem 1864 

Victor  Burthe,  president  pro  tem 1865 

Albert  Voorhies   1866-1868 

Oscar  J.  Dunn  (colored),  died  in  office 1S()8-1ST1 

P.  B.  S.  Pinchback  (colored)  president  pro  tem 1871 

C.  C.  Antoine  (colored) 1872-1876 

Louis  Alfred  Wiltz  1877-1880 

Samuel  Douglas  McEnery  (succeeded  to  Gov.  L.  A.  Wiltz) 1880-1881 

Dr.  W.  A.  Robertson,  president  pro  tem 1881 

George  L.  Walton,  president  pro  tem 1881-1882 

Robert  C.  Davey,  president  pro  tem 1884-1888 

Clay  Knobloch    1884-1888 

James  Jeffries 1888-1892 

Charles  Parlange  (appointed  Judge  Supreme  Court) 1892 

H.  R.  Lott,  president  pro  tem 1894 

R.  H.  Snyder 1896-1900 

Albert  Estopinal 1900-1904 


SECRETARIES  OF  THE  SENATE. 

Term  of  Office 

Elijius  Fromentin   1812-1813 

Henry  D.  Pierce 1814-1823 

Horatio  Davis 1824-1850 

James  B.  Walton   1852 

Horatio  Davis 1853 

William  F.  Wagner 1854-1855 

James  A.  Warner 1850 

William  F.  Warner 1857 

Aristides  Barbin    1858-1859 


326  TERKITORIAL  AND  STATE  GOVERNMENTS. 

William  F.  Wa^rncr 1860-1864 

Henry  B.  Kelly   1865-1867 

Charles  II.  Merritt 1868-1872 

Pierre  E.   Bectel    1873-1876 

John  Clegg   , 1877-1880 

Oscar  Arroyo    1881-1882 

Will  A.  Strong 1884-1888 

C.  D.  Caffery 1888-1892 

W.  H.  McClendon 1892-189G 

W.  H.  McClendon  1896-1900 

W.  H.  McClendon 1900-1904 


SPEAIvEIiS  OF  THE  iiOl'SE  OF  UEFiiESENTATIVES— TERRI- 

lORY  01'  OKLEANS. 

Term  of  Office 

John  Watkins  .  . . 1806-1807 

Thomas   Urquhart    ." , 1808-1810 

Magloire  Guichard 1811-1813 

SPEAKERS  OF  THlE  HOUSE— STATE  OF  LOUISIANA. 

Term  ot  Office' 

P.  B.  St.  Martin 1812 

Stephen  Hopkins    1813 

Magloire  Guichard 1814-1817 

David  C.  Ker 1818-1819 

A.  Beauvais 1820-1822 

Andre  Bienvenu  Roman    1822-1826 

Octave  La  Branche 1827-1829 

Andre  Bienvenu  Roman 1829-1830 

Alexandre  Mouton   1831-1832 

Alcee  LaBranche   1833-1837 

Joseph  Walker 1838 

William  DeBuys    1839-1840 

William  C.  C.  Claiborne    1841-1842 

Charles  Derbigny  . 1843-1844 

Antonie  Boudousquie 1845 

David  A.  Randall 1846-1847 

Preston   W.   Farrar    1848 

E.  Warren  ^Afoise 1850 

John  E.  King   1852 

E.  Warren  Moise 1853 

John  M.  Sandidgp 1854-1855 

William  W.  Pugh 1856-1859 

Charles  H.  Morrison    1860-1861 

Adolph  Olivier   1862-1863 

Simeon  Belden   1864-1866 


TERRITORIAL  AND  STATE  GOVERNMENTS.  327 

Duncan  S.  Cage 1866-1867 

Charles  W.  Lowell 1868-1869 

Mortimer  Carr 1870 

George  W.  Carter 1871 

O.  H.  Brewster  1872 

Charles   W.   Lowell    1873-187-1 

Michael    Hahn    1875 

Louis  A.  Wiltz   1875 

E.  D.  Estilette 1875-1876 

Louis  Bush   1877-1878 

John  Charles  Moncure 1870 

Kobert   N.   Ogden 1880-1882 

Henry  W.   Ogden    1884-1888 

S.    P.    Henry    1888-1892 

G.  W.  Bolton 1892-1896 

S.  P.  Henry   1896-1900 

Jared  Y.  Sanders 1900-1904 


CLERKS  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES. 

Tenn  of  Office 

C.   Tremont  Decoux    1812-1815 

Auguste  Davezac  de  Castera  1816 

Jean   Francois    Canonge    1817-1830 

Armand  Bitot  1831-1835 

H.   Patin    1835 

Florin  Roussel 1835-1836 

Alexander  Cuvillier 1837-1842 

Theodule  Landry    1843-1845 

Jean   F.   Ayraud    1846-1847 

Alexandre    Couvillier    184» 

John  E.  Layet 1850-185^2 

Joseph  M.  Kennedy 1853 

Wm.  B.  Higgins 1854-1863 

Alfred  H.  Isaacson 1863 

John  S.  Neelis 1864 

Thos.  L.  Maxwell  1865-1867 

Wm.  F.  Vigers   1868-1874 

Peter  J.  Trezevant 1875-1878 

C.  M.  Pegues 1879 

Peter  J.  Trezevant   1880-1884 

Peter  J.  Trezevant 1884-1888 

Peter  J.  Trezevant 1888-1892 

Peter  J.  Trezevant 1892-1896 

Robert  S.  Landry   1896-1900 

Robert  S.  Landry 1900-1904 


328  TERRITORIAL  AND  STATE  GOVERNMENTS. 

SECRETARIES  OF  STATE. 

(Appointed  by  the  Governor.) 

Term  of  Office 

Louis  Bai theleniy  McCarty 1812-181(3 

Etienne  Mazureau   1817-1820 

Pierre  Derbigny  1820-1830 

George  A.   Waggaman    1830-1832 

George  Eustis 1832-1834 

Martin   Blache    1835-1837 

Wm.  C.  C.  Claiborne 1837 

Alfred  E.  Forstall   1838 

Henry  E.  Bullard  1838 

Levi  Pierce   1839-1845 

Robert  Carter  Nicholas 1845 

Zenon  Ledoux,  Jr 1845 

Charles  Gayarre 1845-1853 

(Under  the  Constitution  of  1852  this  office  was  made  elective.) 

Andrew  S.   Herron    1853-1859 

King  D.  Hardy    1860-1864 

S.  Wrotnozki 1864 

J.   Hamilton   Hardy    1866-1868 

George  E.  Bovee  (removed  by  the  Governor) 1868-1871 

Francis  J.  Herron  (appointed  by  the  Governor) 1871 

Jack  Wharton  (appointed  by  the  Governor) 1871 

P.  J.  Deslonde   1872-1876 

Will.  A.  Strong   1877-1884 

Oscar  Arroyo 1884-1888 

Leonard   F.   Mason    1888-1892 

Thomas  Scott  Adams   1892-1896 

John  T.  Michel 1896-1900 

John  T.  Michel    1900-1904 


ATTORNEY  GENERAL. 

(Appointed  by  the  Governor.) 

Term  of  Office. 

Francois  Xavier   Martin    i 1812-1816 

Louis  Moreau  Lislet 1817-1818 

Thomas  Boiling  Robertson   1819-1820 

Etienne  Mazureau   1820-1823 

Isaac  T.  Preston 1823-1829 

Alonzo    Morphy    , 1829 

George  Eustis  1830-1832 

Etienne  Mazaureau 1832-1840 

Christian  Roselius   1841-1842 


TERRITORIAL  AND  STATE  GOVERNMENTS.  329 

Isaac  T.  Preston 1843-1845 

William  A.  Elmore  1846-1848 

Isaac  Johnson ; 1850-1852 

(Under  the  Constitution  of  1852,  this  office  was  made  elective.) 
Isaac  E.  Moise 1853-1855 

E.  Warren  Moise  1855-1850 

Thomas  J.  Semmes,  resigned,  having  been  elected  Confederate 

States  Senator 1860-1862 

F.  S.  Goode,  appointed  by  the  Governor 1862-1864 

Andrew  S.  Herron,  elected  by  the  people  and  removed  by  Federal 

authorities  1865 

B.  S.  Lynch,  appointed  by  Federal  authorities 1865-1867 

Simeon  Belden  1868-1871 

A.  P.  Field 1872-1876 

William  H.  Hunt,  appointed  by  the  Governor 1876 

Hiram  R.  Steele,  appointed  by  the  Governor  1876 

Horatio  N.  Ogden  1877-1879 

James  Constantine  Egan  1880-1884 

Milton  J.  Cunningham   1884-1888 

Walter  Henry   Rogers    1888-1892 

Milton  J.   Cunningham    1892-1896 

Milton  J.  Cunningham  1896-1900 

Walter  Gulon   1900-1904 


TREASURER  OF  THE  TERRITORY  OF  ORLEANS. 

Term  of  Office 
George  W.  Morgan 1804-1812 


STATE  TREASURERS  ELECTED  BY  THE  GENERAL 

ASSEMBLY. 

Term  of  Office 

J.  Montegut 1812-1814 

Jean  Baptiste  Dejean , 1814-1817 

Silve  Arnaud 1818-1827 

Francois  Gardere 1828-1841 

William  De  Buys   1841-1845 

Joseph  Walker,  resigned,  having  been  elected  Governor 1846-1849 

P.  E.  D.  Livaudais,  appointed  by  the  Governor 1849 

Charles  E.  Greneaux 1850-1852 

George  C.  McWhorter 1852-1854 

(Elected  by  the  people.) 

Robert  A.  Hunter   1855-1859 

B.  L.  Defreese 1860-1865 

Adam  Giffin 1866-1868 


330  TERRITORIAL  AND  STATE  GOVERNMENTS. 

Antoiue  Dubuclet  (colored)   1868-1878 

E.A.Burke 1879-1888 

W.H.  Pipes 1888-1892 

John  Pickett  1892-1890 

Alexandre  V.  Fournet   1896-1900 

Ledoux  E.  Smith 1900-1904 


AUDITORS  OF  PUBLIC  ACCOUNTS. 

(Created  in  1840,  to  be  appointed  by  the  Governor.) 

Term  of  Office 

Clark  Woodruff 1846-1849 

(Elected  by  the  people.) 

Louis  Bordelon 1846-1849 

Samuel  F.  Marks 1850-1854 

E.  W.  Robertson 1855-1857 

Hypolite  Peralta 1858-1859 

George  M.  Wickliffe   (absconded)    1868-1869 

L.  T.  Delassize,  appointed  by  the  Governor,  declined 1869 

James  Graham,  appointed  by  the  Governor 1869-1871 

Charles  Clinton,  elected  by  the  people   1872-1875 

George  B.  Johnson,  appointed  by  the  Governor 1876-1877 

Allen  Jumel,  elected  by  the  people 1877-188S 

O.  B.  Steele 1884-1892 

W.  W.  Heard   1892-1896 

W.   W.    Heard    1896-1900 

W.  S.  Frazee 1900-1904 


SUPERINTENDENTS  OF  PUBLIC  EDUCATION. 

(Oftice  created  in  1847.     Appointed  by  the  Governor.) 

Term  of  Office 

Alexander  Dimitry 1847-1849 

Robert  Carter  Nicholas   1849-1853 

John  N.  Carrigan   1853-1855 

Samuel  Bard 1855-1857 

W.  T.  Hamilton       1857-1859 

Henry   Avery    1859-1861 

W.  H.  N.  McGruder 1862-1865 

John  McNair,  appointed  by  Federal  authority 1863-1865 

Robert  M.  Lusher 1865-1868 

'J  homas  W.  Conway   1868-1872 

W.  G.  Brown 1872-1876 

Robert   W.  Lusher    1877-1879 

Edwin  H.  Fay 1880-1884 


TEKRITOKIAL  AND  STATE  GOVERNMENTS.  331 

Warren  Easton   1884-1888 

Joseph  A.  Breaux 1888-1892 

A.  D.  Lafargue 1892-1896 

Joseph  V.  Calhoun 1896-1900 

Joseph  V.  Calhoun   1900-1904 


JUDGES  OF  THE  SUPERIOR  COURT— TERRITORY  OF 

ORLEANS. 

(Appointed  by  the,  President  of  the  United  States.) 

Term  of  Office 

George  Mathews 1804-1812 

Joshua  Lewis 1804-1812 

John  Thompson  (died  in  office)   1804-1806 

Francois  Xavier   Martin 1806-1812 


STATE  OF  LOUISIANA. 

(Appointed  by  the  Governor.) 

Term  of  Office 

Dominick  A.  Hall  1812-1815 

George  Mathews  1812-1836 

Pierre  Derbigny 1813-1820 

Francois  Xavier  Martin 1816-1846 

Alexander  Foster,   Jr .  1821-1835 

Henry  A.  Bullard 1832-1845 

Henry  Carleton    1835-1839 

Isaac  T.  Preston 1837 

Pierre  Adolphe  Rost 1838-1839 

George   Eustis .1838-1839 

George   Strawbridge .1837-1839 

Alonzo  Morphy 1838-1845 

Edward  Simon   1840-1845 

Rice  Garland ^ 1846-1852 

George  Eustis,  Chief  Justice   1846-1852 

Pierre   Adolphe   Rost,    Associate   Justice 1846-1852 

George  Rogers  King 1846-1852 

Thomas  Slidell   1846-1852 

Isaac  T.  Preston 1850-1852 

William  Dunbar 1852-1853 

(Under  the  Constitution  of  1852,  this  office  was  made  elective  by   the 

people.) 

Thomas  Slidell,  Chief  Justice 1853-1855 

Cornelius  Voorhies,  Associate  Justice 1853-1859 

Abner  Nash  Ogden,  Associate  Justice  1853-1855 


332  TERRITORIAL  AND  STATE  GOVERNMENTS. 

James  G.  Campbell,  Associate  Justice 1854 

Henry  M,  Spoftord    Associate  Justice   1853-1855 

Edwin  T.  Merrick,  Chief  Justice   1855-1862 

Alexander  M.  Buchanan,  Associate  Justice 1855-1863 

John  N.  Lea 1855-1862 

Josiah  L.  Cole 1855-1859 

Thomas  T.  Land   1858-1862 

Albert  Voorhies 1859-1862 

Albert  Duffel    1860-1864 

Peter  E.  Bonford,  appointed  by  the  Governor 1863-1864 

Thomas  Courtland  Manning,  appointed  by  the  Governor 1863-1864 

William  P.  Hyman,  Chief  Justice 1865-1868 

Zenon  Labauve,  Associate  Justice   1865-1868 

Rufus  K.  Howell  1865-1868 

R.  B.  Jones,  Associate  Justice 1865 

James  G.  Tag-liaferro,  Associate  Justice   1866-1868 

James  T.  Ludelint;:,  Chief  Justice 1868-1876 

James  T.  Tagliaferro,  Associate  Justice   1868-1876 

Rufus  K.  Howell,  Associate  Justice    1868-1876 

William  J.  Wiley,  Associate  Justice 1868-1876 

William  W.  Howe,  Associate  Justice 1868-1872 

Joseph  E.  Leonard,  Associate  Justice 1872 

Philip  Hickey  Morgan,  Associate  Justice 1873-1876 

Thomas  Courtland   Manning,   Chief  Justice    1S77-1880 

Alcibiades  DeBlanc,  Associate  Justice 1877-1880 

William  B.  Egan,  Associate  Justice   1877-1880 

William  B.  Spencor,  Associate  Justice  1877:1879 

Robert  H.  Marr,  Associate  Justice  1877-1880 

Edward  D.  White,  Associate  Justice 1879-1880 

Edward  Bermudez,  Chief  Justice   1880-1892 

Felix  P.  Poche,  Associate  Justice 1880-1890 

Robert  B.  Todd,  Associate  Justice 1880-1888 

William  M.  Levy,  Associate  Justice 1880-1886 

Charles  E.   Fenner,  Associate  Justice    1880-1884 

Thomas  Courtland  Manning,  Associate  Justice .  •  .1882-1886 

Charles  E.  Fenner 1884-1896 

Lynn  Boyd  Watkins  1886-1898 

S.  D.  McEncry,  to  succeed  E.  B.  Todd 1888-1900 

Joseph  A.  Broaux 1890-1902 

F.  T.  Nicholls,  Chief  Justice 1892-1904 

Chas.  Parlange,  to  fill  vacancy  of  C.  E.  Fenner 1884-1896 

H.  C.  Miller,  vice  Chas.  Parlange 1884-1896 

H.  C.  Miller  , 1896-1908 

Newton  C.  Blanchard,  vice   S.  D.  McEnery  elected   to  United 

States   Senate 1898-1900 

Lynn  B.  Watkins  to  succeed  himself 1898-1910 


TERRITORrAL  AND  STATE  GOVERNMENTS.  333 

Frank  Adair  Monroe,  vice  H.  C.  Miller  (deceased) 1896-1898 

Newton  C.  Blanchard  to  succeed  himself 1900-1912 

O.  O.  Provosty,  vice  L.  B.  Watkins  (deceased) 1898-1910 


JUDGES  OF  THE  CIRCUIT  COURT  OF  APPEALS. 

(Elected  by  the  General  Assembly  under  the  Constitution  of  1879.) 

Term  of  Office 

First  Circuit— John  C.  Moncure 1880-1888 

A.   B.  George    1880-1884 

A.   B.   George    1884-1892 

E.  W.  Sutherlin 1892-1900 

Second  Circuit — Oren  Mayo  (died  in  office) 1880-1888 

W.  W.  Farmer  (resigned) 1880-1884 

Andrew    A.    Gunby,    appointed,    vice    W.    W. 

Farmer  (resigned)   1881-1884 

Thomas    P.     Clinton,    appointed,    vice    Oren 

Mayo  (deceased)    1883-1888 

Andrew  A.  Gunby  1884-1892 

J.  M.  Kennedy  1892-1900 

Third  Circuit— Joseph  A.  Moore 1880-1888 

Alfred  B.  Irion   1880-1884 

John  Clegg    1884-1892 

W.  F.  Blackman 1892-1900 

Fourth  Circuit— Charles  McVea  (died  in  office) 1880-1888 

Samuel  J.  Powell 1880-1884 

Samuel  J.  Powell 1884-1892 

William  Fergus  Kernan,  appointed,  vice  Judge 

McVea  (deceased)    1886-1888 

J.  M.  Thompson 1892-1900 

Fifth  Circuit— J.  Richard  Winchester  (died  in  office) 1880-1888 

Adrien  C.  Dumartrait  (died  in  office) 1880-1884 

Eugene   W.   W.    Blake,   appointed   to   succeed 

Judge  Winchester   1880-1888 

Henry  D.  Smith,  appointed  to  succeed  Judge 

Dumartrait    1882-1884 

Henry  D.   Smith    1884-1892 

Henry   D.    Smith 1892-1900 

R.  T.  Beauregard    1894-1904 


334  TEllRfTOKUL  AND  STATE  GOVERNMENTS. 

COURT  OF  APPEALS— PARI8n  OF  ORLEANS. 

(Elected  by  the  General  Assembly.) 

Term  of  Office 

Walter  Henry  Rogers   (resigned)    1880-188S 

Frank    McGloin    1880-1884 

Frank  McGloin,   re-elected 1884-1892 

Henry  B.  Kelley,  elected  by  the  General  Assembly  to  fill  the 

unexpired  term  of  Judge  Rogers   1884-1888 

R.  N.  Ogdcn 1892-1900 

Horace  L.  Dufour 1896-1904 


COURT   OF  APPEAI.S— PARISH   OF  ORLEANS. 

(Under  Constitution  of  1898.) 

Term  of  Office 

Horace  L.  Dufour  of  Orleans 1904 

Isaiah  D.  Moore  of  Orleans 190S 

R.  T.  Beauregard  of  St.  Bernard   1904 


UNITED     STATES     AND     STATE 
OFFICIALS, 


William    McKinley 


Theodore   Roosevelt 


UNITED  STATES  OFFICIALS. 


THE  EXECUTIVE. 

*WiLLiAM  McKiNLEY,  of  Ohio,  President  of  the  United  States, 

salary  per  annum $50,000 

Theodore  Eoosevelt,  of  New  York,  Vice-President,  salary  per 

aniiuiD    8,000 

THE  CABINET. 

John  Hay,  Secretary  of  State,  Ohio. 

Leslie  M.  Shaw,  Secretary  of  the  Treasurer,  Iowa. 

Elihu  B.  Root,  Secretary  of  War,  New  York. 

John  D.  Long,  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  Massachusetts. 

Nathan  A.  Hitchcock,  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  Missouri. 

James  Wilson,  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  Iowa. 

Henry  C,  Payne,  Postmaster  General,  Wisconsin. 

Philander  C.  Knox,  Attorney  General,  Pennsylvania. 


THE  JUDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States — The  court  holds  annual  sessions 
at  Washington,  commencing  on  the  second  Monday  in  October.  The 
annual  salary  of  Chief  Justice  is  $10,500,  and  of  the  Associate  Justices 
$10,000. 

Chief  Justice — Melville  W.  Fuller  (Dem.),  of  Illinois,  appointed  July 
20th,  1888. 

Associate  Justices. 

Name  Appointed  from  Time  appointed 

John  M.  Harlan Kentucky 1887 

Horace   Gray Massachusetts 1882 

David  J.  Brewer Kansas 1889 

Henry  B.  Brown Michigan  1890 

George  Shiras,  Jr Pennsylvania    1892 

Edward  Douglas  White Louisiana    1894 

RuFus  W.  Peckham New  York 1896 

Joseph  McKenna California  1898 

Clerk — James  H.  McKenney,  District  of  Columbia,  salary $6,000 

Marshal— J.  M.  Wright,  Kentucky,  salary $3,000 

Reporter— J.  C.  B.  Davis,  New  York,  salary $4,500 

*A88a88inated  at  Buflfalo,  N.Y.,  September  14,  1801. 


342  UNITED  STATES  AND  STATE  OFFICIALS. 

Circuit  Court  of  Appeals  of  the  United  States  in  and  for  the  Fifth 
Judicial  Circuit — Mr.  Justice  White.  Districts  of  Noxthem  Georgia, 
Southern  Georgia,  Northern  Florida,  Southern  Florida,  Northern  Ala- 
bama, Middle  Alabama,  Southern  Alabama,  Northern  Mississippi,  South- 
ern Mississippi,  Eastern  Louisiana,  Western  Louisiana,  Northern  Texas, 
Eastern  Texas  and  Western  Texas. 

Time,  place  and  term :    Third  Monday  of  November,  at  New  Orleans. 

Circuit  Judges — Don  A.  Pardee,  of  Atlanta,  Ga. ;  David  D.  Shelby, 
of  Huntsville,  Ala.;  A.  P.  McCormick,  of  Dallas,  Texas. 

Clerk — Charles  Lednum,  of  Dallas,  Texas. 


United  States  Circuit  Court,  Fifth  Circuit,  Eastern  District  of  Louisi- 
ana— Judges:    Don  A.  Pardee,  David  D.  Shelby,  A.  P.  McCormack. 

Clerk — Henry  J.  Carter,  of  New  Orleans. 

Time  and  place  of  holding  court:  At  New  Orleans,  fourth  Monday 
in  April  and  first  Monday  in  November. 


United  States  District  Court,  Eastern  District  of  Louisiana — Judge : 
Charles  Parlange,  of  New  Orleans. 

Clerk — Frank  H.  Mortimer,  of  New  Orleans. 

Time  and  place  of  holding  court:  At  New  Orleans,  third  Mondays 
in  February,  May  and  November;  at  Baton  Rouge,  second  Monday  in 
April  and  November. 


United  States  District  Court,  Western  District  of  Louisiana — Judge : 
Aleck  Boarman,  Shreveport,  La. 

Clerk — Walter  Jackson,  Shreveport,  Louisiana. 

Time  and  place  of  holding  court:  At  Opelousas,  first  Monday  in 
January  and  June;  at  Alexandria,  fourth  Monday  in  January  and  June; 
at  Shreveport,  third  Monday  in  February  and  October;  at  Monroe,  first 
Monday  in  April  and  October. 


United  States  District  Attorney,  Eastern  District — W.  W.  Howe. 
United  States  District  Attorney,  Western  District — M.  C.  Elstner. 
United  States  Marshal,  Eastern  District — Charles  Fontelieu. 

rniicd  States  Marshal,  Western  District — Lemuel  Gustine. 


UNITED   STATES  SENATORS  FROM  LOUISIANA. 

Samuel  Douglas  McEnery,  of  Ouachita:  March  4,  1897-March  4, 
1903;  March  4,  1903-March  4,  1909. 

Murphy  James  Foster,  of  St.  Mary:  March  4,  1901-March  4,  1907. 


JUSTICE  E.  D.  WHITE. 


344  UNITED  STATES  AND  STATE  OFFICIALS. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

Term  March  4,  1901-March  4,  1903. 

First  Congressional  District — Adolph  Meyer,  of  Orleans. 
Second  Congressional  District — Robert  C.  Davey,  of  Orleans. 
Third  Congressional  District — Robert  F.  Broussard,  of  Iberia. 
Fourth  Congressional  District — Phanor  Brazeale,  of  Natchitoches, 
Fifth  Congressional  District — Joseph  E.  Ransdell,  of  East  Carroll. 
Sixth  Congressional  District — Samuel  M.  Robertson,  of  East  Baton 
Rouge. 


• 


UNITED  STATES  OFFICERS  FOR  LOUISIANA. 

(At  Custom  House,  New  Orleans.) 


A.  T.  Wimberly Collector  of  the  Port. 

David  G .  Baldwin Postmaster. 

C.  J.  Bell Assistant  U.  S.  Treasurer. 

Frank  N.  Wicker U.  S.  Appraiser. 

Walter  L.  Cohen Reg.  Land  Office. 

C.  P.  Johnston Rec'r  Land  Office. 

Genl.  Louis  J.  Souer Collr.  Internal  Revenue. 

F.  W.  Gibson Surveyor  of  the  Port. 

James  Lewis Surveyor  Genl.  Land  Office. 

C.  W.  Boothby Supt.  of  U.  S.  Mint 

Dudley  Coleman Melter  and  Refiner. 

M  ayer  Cahen Coiner. 

W.  M.  Lynch Assayer. 

A.  II.  Glennon Surgeon  Marine  Hospital. 

John  Day Chief  Ry.  Mail  Service. 

Patrick  Looby Secret  Service  Agent. 

Wm.  H.  Bourke U.  S.  Shipping  Comr. 

T.  Polk  Johnson Special  Agent  Treasury  Dept. 

John  A.  Colter Inspector  of  Steam  Vessels. 

W.  G.  Boylan Chief  Weigher. 

Board  of  Pension  Examining  Surgeons — Dr.  D.  A.  Lines,  Dr.  B.  F.  Tay- 
lor, Dr.  J.  T.  Newman. 


u 


State  Government. 


EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT. 

Governor — William  Wright  Heard,  Farmerville,  Union  Parish; 
salary,  $5,000;  furnished  residence,  etc. 

Private  Secretary — ^Leou  Jastremski,  Baton  Rouge,  East  Baton 
Parish;  salary,  $2,100. 

Lieutenant  Governor — Albert  Estopinal,  St.  Bernard,  St.  Bernard 
Parish;  salary,  $1,500  and  traveling  expenses. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  STATE. 

Secretary  of  State — John  T.  Michel,  New  Orleans,  Orleans  Parish; 
salary,  $1,800  and  fees. 

Assistant  Secretary  of  Stjite  (In  charge  of  Insurance  Department) — 
Eugene  J.  McGivney,  New  Orleans,  Orleans  Parish;  salary,  $1,500. 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 
State  Treasurer — LeDoux  E.  Smith,  Rapides  Parish;  salary,  $2,000. 
Chief  Clerk — W.  N.  McFarland,  Farmerville,  Union  Parish. 


AUDITOR'S  DEPARTMENT. 

State  Auditor — W.  W.  Frazee,  Opelousas,  St.  Landry  Parish;  salary, 
$2,500. 

Chief  Clerk — Dudley  L.  Guilbeau,  Opelousas,  St.  Landry  Parish. 

State  Fiscal  Agents — New  Orleans  National  Bank,  Hibernia  National 
Bank,  Louisiana  National  Bank,  at  New  Orleans;  First  National  Bank 
and  Bank  of  Baton  Rouge,  at  Baton  Rouge. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  JUSTICE. 
Attorney  General — Walter  Guion,  Napoleonville,  Assumption  Parish; 
salary,   $3,500. 

Assistant — Louis  Guion,  Napoleonville,  Assumption  Parish. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  EDUCATION. 

Superintendent  of  Public  Education — Joseph  V.  Calhoun,  New 
Orleans,  Orleans  Parish;  salary,  $2,000. 

Chief  Clerk — Dupre  Stanard,  of  Baton  Rouge,  East  Baton  Rouge 
Parish. 


MILITIA  DEPARTMENT. 

Commander-in-Chief — Governor  William  Wright  Heard. 
Adjutant   General — Allen  Jumel,   St.   Gabriel,  Iberville  Parish,   ap- 
pointed by  and  holds  office  during  pleasure  of  the  Governor;  salary,  $2,000. 
Chief  Clerk — Albert  Jumel,  St.  Gabriel,  Iberville  Parish. 


352  UNITED  STA.TES  AND  STATE  OFFICIALS. 

AGRICULTURAL  DEPARTMENT. 

Commissioner  of  Agriculture — J.  G.  Lee,  Calhoun,  Ouachita  Parish; 
salary,  $2,500. 

Chief  Clerk— Isi.  S.  Dougherty,  of  East  Baton  Rouge;  salary,  $1,500. 

STATE  REGISTER  OF  THE  LAND  OFFICE. 

Register — J.  M.   Smith,  FarmerviUe,   Union  Parish;   salary,  $1,500 
and  fees. 

Chief  Clerk— W.  R.  Rutland,  Many,  Sabine  Parish ;  salary,  $1,500. 

STATE  LIBRARY. 

(At  Tulane  Hall,  New  Orleans.) 

Mrs.  A.  F.  Phillips,  of  Orleans,  Librarian. 

Miss  Anna  M.  Beale,  of  East  Baton  Rouge,  Asst.  Librarian. 

STATE  EXAMINER  OF  STATE  BANKS  AND  EXAMINER  OF 
HOMESTEAD,  BUILDING  AND  LOAN  ASSOCIATIONS. 

Office,  New  Orleans. 
F.  G.  Freret Orleans  Parish 

STATE  COAL  AND  COKE  GUAGERS. 

Office,  No.  327  Carondelet  Street,  New  Orleans. 

Peter  Farrell Orleans  Parish 

Victor  Mauberret Orleans  Parish 

COMMISSIONER,  STATISTICS  OF  LABOR 

Office,  New  Orleans. 
Thomas   Harrison Commissioner 

INSPECTOR  OF  LIVE  STOCK. 
Fernando  Estopinal. Arabi,  P.  O.,  La. 

STATE  ARMORER. 

Office,  New  Orleans. 
Frank  Lobrano New  Orleans 

PUBLIC  ADMINISTRATOR. 

Office,  New  Orleans. 
Frank  Zenoel New  Orleans 

CUSTODIAN  OF  NOTARIAL  RECORDS  FOR  THE  PARISH  OF 

ORLEANS. 

Office,  City  Hall,  New  Orleans. 
Peter  Stifft New  Orleans 


GOV.    W.    W.    HEARD. 


LIEUT.-GOV.  ALBERT  ESTOPINAL. 


360  UNITED  STATES  AND  STATE  OFFICIALS. 

JUDICIARY  DEPARTMENT. 

SUPREME  COURT. 
(Sessions  held  at  New  Orleans.) 
Francis  T.  Nicholls,  Chief  Justice;  term  expires  April,  1904. 
Joseph  A.  Breaux,  Associate  Justice;  term  expires  April,  1902. 
,  Newton  C.  Blanchard,  Associate  Justice;  term  expires  April,  1912. 
Frank  A.  Monroe,  Associate  Justice;  term  expires  April,  1908. 
O.  O.  Provosty,  Associate  Justice;  term  expires  April,  1910. 
Clerk — Thomas  McCabe  Hyman,  of  New  Orleans,  Orleans  Parish. 


CIVIL  DISTRICT  COURT. 
(Orleans  Parish,  Jackson  Square.) 
Division  "A,"  T.  C.  W.  Ellis;  term  expires  1904. 
Division  "  B,"  Fred  D.  King;  term  expires  1904. 
Division  "  C,"  John  St.  Paul ;  term  expires  1912. 
Division  "  D,"  W.  B.  Sommerville ;  term  expires  1912. 
Division  "  E,"  George  H.  Theard ;  term  expires  1912. 
Clerk — Thos.  Connell ;  term  expires  1904. 


:      .  COURT  OF  APPEALS. 

(Sessions  held  at  New  Orleans.) 

Horace  L.  Dufour,  Orleans;  term  expires  1904. 

Isaiah  D.  Moore,  Orleans;  term  expires  1908. 

Rene  T.  Bauregard,  St.  Bernard ;  term  expires  1904. 
Clerk — Chas.  H.  Brownlee,  Orleans  Parish;  term  expires  1904. 


CIRCUIT  COURT. 

(Terms  expire  1904.) 
First  Circuit — John  C.  Pugh,   Shreveport,  La. 
Second  Circuit — E.  C.  Montgomery,  Tallullah,  La. 
Third  Circuit — Julien  Mouton,  Lafayette,  La. 
Fourth  Circuit— W.  W.  Leake,  Bayou  Sara,  La. 
[Fifth  Circuit— H.  D.  Smith,  Franklin,  La. 


CRIMINAL  DISTRICT  COURT. 
(Orleans  Parish,  Court  Building,  Tulane  Avenue.) 
Section  "A,"  Joshua  G.  Baker;  term  expires  1904. 
Section  "  B,"  F.  D.  Chretien ;  term  expires  1912. 
Clerk — James  A.  Malloy;  term  expires  1904. 

District  Attorney   Orleans  Parish — J.   Ward  Gurley;   term  expire* 
1904. 

Assistants — S.  A.  Montgomery,  J.  H.  Ferguson,  Henry  Mooney. 


UNITED  STATES  AND  STATE  OFFICIALS.  •  363 

FIEST  CITY  COUET  (ORLEANS  PARISH). 
Judges — Wynn  Rogers  (Judge  Division  A),  R.  H.  Downing  (Judge 
Division  B),  P.  J.  Patorno  (Judge  Division  C). 
Clerk — Louis  Brehm. 
Constable — ^Charles  R.  Kennedy. 


SECOND  CITY  COURT  (ALGIERS). 
Judge — Thomas  F.  Maher. 
Clerk— Frank  T.  Gerard. 
Constable — Mark  Amuedo. 


FIRST  CITY  CRIMINAL  COURT. 
Judge— Thos.  M.  Gill,  Jr. 
Chief  Clerk — James  Schillin. 


SECOND  CITY  CRIMINAL  COURT. 
Judge — A.  M.  Aucoin. 
Chief  Clerk — Charles  A.  Cuneo. 


OFFICERS,  JUDICIAL  DISTRICTS. 
First  Judicial  District,  Parish  of  Caddo: 
Judge — A.  D.  Land,  Shreveport,  La. 
District  Attorney — John  R.  Land,  Shreveport,  La. 


Second  Judicial  District,  Parishes  of  Bossier  and  Webster: 
Judge — J.  T.  Watkins,  Minden,  La. 
District  Attorney — T.  T.  Land,  Benton,  La. 


Third  Judicial  District,  Parishes  of  Claiborne  and  Bienville: 
Judge — B.  F.  Edwards,  Bienville,  La. 
District  Attorney — J.  C.  Theus,  Arcadia,  La. 


Fourth  Judicial  District,  Parishes  of  Union  and  Lincoln : 
Judge — R.  B.  Dawkins,  Farmerville,  La. 
District  Attorney — F.  F.  Preus,  Farmerville,  La. 


Fifth  Judicial  District,  Parishes  of  Caldwell,  Jackson  and  Winn : 
Judge — M.  F.  Machen,  Winfleld,  La. 
District  Attorney — A.  B.  Hundley,  Columbia,  La. 


Sixth  Judicial  District,  Parishes  of  Ouachita  and  Morehouse : 
Judge — L.  E.  Hall,  Bastrop,  La. 
District  Attorney — J.  P.  Madison,  Bastrop,  La. 


Seventh  Judicial  District,  Parishes  of  West  Carroll  and  Richland ; 
Judge — W.  J.  Gray,  Rayville,  La. 
District  Attorney — John  R.  Mcintosh,  Floyd,  La. 


364  UNITED  STATES  AND  STATE  OFFICIALS. 

Eighth  Judicial  District,  Parishes  of  Franklin  and  Catahoula: 
Judge — D.  N.  Thompson,  llarrisburg,  La. 
District  Attorney — L.  A.  Thompson,  Winsboro,  La. 


Ninth  Judicial  District,  Parishes  of  Madison  and  East  Carroll: 
Judge — P.  X.  Kansdell,  Lake  Providence,  La. 
District  Attorney — David  M.  Evans,  Tallullah,  La. 


Tenth  Judicial  District,  Parishes  of  Concordia  and  Tensas : 
Judge — J.  L.  Dagg,  Vidalia,  La. 
District  Attorney — Hugh  L.  Tullis,  St.  Joseph,  La. 


Eleventh  Judicial  District,  Parishes  of  Natchitoches  and  Eed  River: 
jJudge — Charles  V.  Porter,  Natchitoches,  La. 
District  Attorney — W.  A.  Wilkinsoh,  Coushatta,  La. 


Twelfth  Judicial  District,  Parishes  of  DeSoto,  Sabine  and  Vernon; 
Judge — J.  B.  Lee,  Mansfield,  La. 
District  Attorney — A.  L.  Ponder,  Many,  La. 


Thirteenth  Judicial  District,  Parishes  of  Rapides  and  Grant : 
Judge — W.  F.  Blackman,  Alexandria,  La. 
District  Attorney — James  Andrews,  Alexandria,  La. 


Fourteenth  Judicial  District,  Parish  of  Avoylles: 
Judge — G.  H.  Couvillon,  Marksville,  La. 
District  Attorney — J.  W.  Joifrion,  Marksville,  La. 


Fifteenth  Judicial  Distinct,  Parishes  of  Calcasieu  and  Cameron : 
Judge — Edmond  D.  Miller,  Lake  Charles,  La. 
District  Attorney — Joseph  Moore,  Lake  Charles,  La. 


Sixteenth  Judicial  District,  Parish  of  St.  Landry: 
Judge — E.  T.  Lewis,  Opelousas,  La. 
District  Attorney — R.  Lee  Garland,  Opelousas,  La. 


Seventeenth  Judicial  District,  Parish  of  Vermilion: 
Judge — Minos  T.  Gordy,  Jr.,  Abbeville,  La. 
District  Attorney — J.  Nelson  Green,  Abbeville,  La. 


Eighteenth  Judicial  District,  Parishes  of  Acadia  and  Lafayette: 
Judge — C.  DeBaillon,  Lafayette,  La. 
District  Attorney — Wm.  Carrpbell,  Lafayette,  La. 


Nineteenth  Judicial  Court,  Parishes  of  Iberia  and  St.  Martin ; 
Judge — T.  Don  Foster,  New  Iberia,  La. 
District  Attorney — Anthony  Muller. 


UNITED  STATES  AND  STATE  OFFICIALS.  365 

Twentieth  Judicial  District,  Parishes  of  Terrebonne  and  Lafourche : 
Judge — L.  P.  Caillouet,  Thibodaux,  La. 
District  Attorney — W.  P.  Martin,  Thibodaux,  La. 


Twenty-first  Judicial  District,  Iberville,  West  Baton  Eouge  and  Pointe 
Coupee : 

Judges — E.  B.  Talbot,  of  Plaquemine;  L.  B.  Claiborne,  New  Roads, 
District  Attorney — ^Albin  Provosty,  New  Roads,  La. 


Twenty-second  Judicial  District,  Parish  of  East  Baton  Rouge; 
Judge — H.  F.  Brunot,  Baton  Rouge,  La. 
District  Attorney — George  K.  Favrot,  Baton  Rouge,  La. 


Twenty-third  Judicial  District,  Parish  of  St.  Mary : 
Judge — A.  C.  Allen,  Franklin,  La. 

District  Attorney — W.  K.  Wilson,  Franklin,  La. 


Twenty-fourth  Judicial  District,  Parishes  of  East  Feliciana  and  West 
Feliciana : 

Judge — Charles  Kilbourne,  Clinton,  La. 
District  Attorney — Robert  C.  Wickliffe,  Bayou  Sara,  La. 


Twenty-fifth  Judicial  District,  Parishes  of  St.  Helena,  Livingston  and 
Tangipahoa : 

Judge — R.  R.  Reid,  Amite  City,  La. 
District  Attorney — Robert  S.  Ellis,  Amite  City,  La. 


Twenty-sixth  Judicial  District,  Parishes  of  Washington  and  St.  Tam- 
many: 

Judge — James  M.  Thompson,  Covington,  La. 
District  Attorney — Gordon  W.  Goodbee,  Franklinton,  La. 


Twenty-seventh  Judicial  District,  Parishes  of  Ascension,  St.  James  and 
Assiunption : 

Judge — Paul  Leche,  Donaldsonville,  La. 
District  Attorney — G.  A.  Gondran,  Donaldsonville,  La. 


Twenty-eighth  Judicial  District,  Parishes  of  St.  John  the  Baptist,  St. 
Charles  and  Jefferson: 
Judge — J.  L.  Gaudet,  Edgard,  La. 
District  Attorney — Robert  J.  Perkins,  Gretna,  La. 


Twenty-ninth  Judicial    District,  Parishes    of    St.  Bernard. and  Plaque- 
mines: 

Judge — ^Robert  Hingle,  Pointe  a  la  Hache,  La. 
District  Attorney — Albert  Estopinal,  Jr.,  St.  Bernard  La. 


366 


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UNITED  STATES  AND  STATE  OFFICIALS.  369 

STANDING  COMMITTEES  OF  THE  SENATE. 

JUDICIARY. 

1,  W.  M.  Murphy,  chairman;  2,  T.  C.  Barret;  3,  Hugh  C.  Cage;  4, 
Thomas  H.  Thorpe;  5,  George  W.  Flynn;  6,  J.  T.  Boone;  7,  P.  M.  Lam- 
bremont;  8,  Lastie  Broussard;  9,  H.  II.  Russell;  10,  L.  D.  Beale;  11, 
J.  T.  Wallace. 

FINANCE. 

1,  T.  C.  Barret,  chairman;  2,  T.  J.  Lahbe;  3,  John  Dymond;  4,  Wil- 
liam H.  Price;  5,  George  W.  Flynn;  6,  C.  C.  Cordill;  7,  Hugh  C.  Cage; 
8,  E.  S.  Maunsell;  9,  L.  D.  Beale;  10.  J.  T.  Boone. 

ENROLLMENT. 

1,  J.  S.  Settoon,  chairman;  2,  C.  C.  Cordill;  3,  R.  E.  Thompson;  4, 
O.  I.  McLellan;  5,  J.  J.  Thompson. 

AUDITING  AND   SUPERVISING   EXPENSES   OF   THE   SENATE. 

1, ,  Chairman;  2,  Frederick  Wilbert;  3,  J.  J.  Thomp- 
son ;  4,  W.  H.  Price ;  5,  W.  M.  Murphy. 

ELECTIONS,  QUALIFICATIONS,  REGISTRATION  AND  CONSTITUTION. 

1,  T.  H.  Thorpe,  Chairman;  2,  C.  J.  Ducote;  3,  J.  S.  Brady;  4,  Ferd. 
Dudenhefer;  5,  J.  T.  Wallace;  6,  C.  V.  Vignes;  7,  L.  Broussard;  8,  R.  E. 
Thompson;  9,  C.  K.  Lewis;  10,  H.  Barousse;  11,  H.  C.  Drew;  12,  T.  B. 
Gilbert,  Jr. ;  13,  J.  S.  Settoon. 

FEDERAL  RELATIONS. 

1,  P.  M.  Lambremont,  Chairman ;  2,  L.  Caspari ;  3,  Homer  Barousse ; 
4,  E.  E.  Smart;  5,  R.  E.  Lee. 

AGRICULTURE,   COMMERCE   AND   LEVEES. 

1,  C.  C.  Cordill,  Chairman;  2,  Frederick  Wilbert;  3,  A.  J.  Bonvillain; 
4,  J.  S.  Brady;  5,  William  H.  Price;  6,  P.  M.  Lambremont;  7,  Jno. 
Dymond;  8,  Samuel  Alston;  9,  W.  M.  Murphy;  10,  E.  S.  Dortch;  11, 
T.  C.  Barret;  12,  T.  J.  Labbe;  13,  H.  H.  Russell. 

CORPORATIONS,   PAROCHIAL    AND    MUNICIPAL    AFFAIRS. 

1,  John  Dymond,  Chairman;  2,  C.  V.  Vignes;  3,  F.  Dudenhefer; 
4,  T.  B.  Gilbert,  Jr.;  5,  C.  K.  Lewis;  6,  R.  E.  Lee;  7,  E.  S.  Dortch;  8, 
H.  C.  Drew;  9,  A.  O.  Clark;  10,  Lastie  Broussard;  11,  H.  II.  Russell; 
12,  Samuel  Alston;  13,  L.  Caspari. 

RULES. 

1,  T.  B.  Gilbert,  Jr.,  Chairman;  2,  W.  M.  Murphy;  3,  George  W. 
Flynn ;  4,  J.  J.  Thompson ;  5,  II.  C.  Drew. 


370  UNITED  STATES  AND  STATE  OFFICIALS. 

NEW   BASIN   CANAL   AND  SHELL   ROAD. 

I,  R.  E.  Lee,  Chairman;  2,  C.  S.  E.  Babington;  3,  O.  I.  McLellan; 
4,  J.  S.  Settoon;  5,  J.  S.  Brady;  6,  H.  C.  Cage;  Y,  F.  Dudenhefer. 

MILITIA. 

1,  O.  I.  McLellan,  Chairman;  2,  C.  K.  Lewis;  3,  J.  S.  Settoon;  4, 
A.  J.  Bonvillaln;  5,  J.  J.  Thompson. 

INTERNAL  IMPROVEMENTS,  PARKS  AND  PUBLIC  BUILDINGS. 

1,  E.  S.  Maunsell,  Chairman;  2,  W.  C.  Davis;  3,  H.  Barousse;  4,  E. 
E.  Smart;  5,  C.  S.  E.  Babington. 

HEALTH,  QUARANTINE,  DRAINAGE  AND  CHARITABLE  INSTITUTIONS. 

1,  C.  J.  Ducote,  Chairman;  2,  J.  Labbe;  3,  A.  O.  Clark;  4,  C.  D. 
Vignes;  5,  E.  E.  Smart;  6,  E.  S.  Dortch;  7,  C.  S.  E.  Babington;  8,  E.  S. 
Maunsell. 

LIBRARY. 

1,  Frederick  Wilbert,  Chairman;  2,  R.  E.  Thompson;  3,  J.  T.  Wal- 
lace; 4,  A.  O.  Clark;  5,  J.  T.  Boone. 

RAILROADS. 

1,  George  W.  Flynn,  Chairman;  2,  A.  J.  Bonvillain;  3,  L.  Caspari; 
4,  C.  S.  E.  Babington;  5,  W.  C.  Davis;  6,  Lastie  Broussard;  7,  R.  E. 
Thompson;  8,  Frederick  Wilbert;  9,  A.  O.  Clark. 

CAPITAL   AND   LABOR. 

a,  J.  T.  Boone,  Chairman;  2,  H.  C.  Drew;  3,  Thomas  H.  Thorpe; 

4,  James  S.  Brady;  5,  Homer  Barousse. 

EDUCATION. 

1,  L.  D.  Beale,  Chairman;  2,  C.  K.  Lewis;  3,  Samuel  Alston;  4,  A. 
J.  Bonvillain;  5,  P.  M.  Lambremont;  6,  L.  Caspari;  7,  T.  C.  Barret; 
8,  C.  J.  Ducote;  9,  T.  B.  Gilbert,  Jr. 

CITY    OF    NEW   ORLEANS. 

1,  H.  C.  Cage,  Chairman;  2,  Geo.  W.  Flynn;  3,  Robt.  E.  Lee;  4,  O. 
I.  McLellan ;  5,  Samuel  Alston ;  6,  T.  H.  Thorpe ;  7,  C.  V.  Vignes ;  8,  E. 

5.  Maunsell;  9,  Ferd.  Dudenhefer. 

PENITENTIARY. 

1,  W.  H.  Price,  Chairman;  2, ;  3,  H.  C.  Cage;  4,  C.  J.  Labbe: 

5,  C.  C.  Cordill;  6,  L.  D.  Beale;  7,  W.  C.  Davis. 

PRINTING. 

1,  J.  T.  Wallace,  Chairman;  2.  John  Dymond;  3,  W.  C.  Davis;  4, 
H.  H.  Russell;  5,  E.  E.  Smart. 


UNITED  STATES  AND  STATE  OFFICIALS. 


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376  UNITED  STATES  AND  STATE  OFFICIALS. 

STANDING  COMMITTEES  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTA- 
TIVES. 

RULES. 

Speaker  Sanders,  ex-officio  chairman;  Henry,  Wade,  Trezevant,  of 
Caddo;  Barrett,  Ware,  Sellers,  Hyams,  Dupre, 

ELECTION  AND  QUALIFICATIONS  OF  MEMBERS. 

Wilson,  of  Tangipahoa;  Sanders,  of  Bossier;  Young,  Madden,  Ken- 
nedy, Andrepont,  Wimberly,  of  Bienville;  Krumpleman,  Delaune. 

WAYS    AND    MEANS. 

Trezevant,  of  Caddo;  LeBlanc,  of  Assumption;  Cordill,  Ware,  of 
Iberville;  Barrett,  Montgomery,  Domengeaux,  O'Connor,  Leclere,  Wil- 
son, of  Catahoula;  Marrero;  Wilson,  of  Tangpahoa;  Wade,  Gill,  Ander- 
son. 

APPROPRIATIONS. 

Ware,  of  Iberville;  Henry,  Pearce,  Smart,  Johnson,  Barton,  Cade, 
Dougherty,  Breslin,  Croom,  Brannon. 

JUDICIARY — SECTION    A. 

.     Marks,  Charbonnet,  Foster,  Hewes,  Percy,  Fayssoux,  Burke,  Reilly, 
Morrow,  Dale,  Henriques. 

JUDICIARY — SECTION   B. 

Ware,  of  Caldwell;  Carruth,  Dupre,  Pearce,  Wilson,  of  Catahoula; 
Gill,  Marrero,  Friedrichs,  O'Connor,  Pugh,  Wimberly,  of  Bienville. 

PUBLIC    EDUCATION. 

Wade,  Dupre,  Hyams,  Gill,  Smith,  Jacobs,  Bullion,  Wilson,  of  Cata- 
houla ;  JMorrow,  Montgomery,  Evans,  Story,  . 

PUBLIC   WORKS,   LANDS    AND   LEVEES. 

Brand,  Amacker,  Casey,  Montgomery,  Burke,  Cordill,  Leopold, 
Hyams,  Percy,  Didier,  Newton,  Mcllhenny,  Hewes,  Dunshie,  Dessauer. 

PAROCHIAL   AFFAIRS. 

Dougherty,  Croom,  Brannon,  Dale,  Hewes,  Lea,  Vincent,  Bas3,  Casey, 
Wimberly,  of  Red  River;  Lacaze,  Chandler,  McClenaghan. 

ENROLLMENT. 

LeBlanc,  of  Vermilion ;  Amacker,  Smith,  Angelloz,  Haggerty,  Young, 
Jacobs. 

RAILROADS. 

Cordill,  Steidley,  Frederichs,  Foster,  Charbonnet,  Caldwell,  of  Natch- 


UNITED  STATES  AND  STATE  OFFICIALS.  377 

itoches;  Didier,  Wilson,  of  Tangipahoa;  Johnson,  Bonvillain,  Ventress, 
LeBlahc,  of  Vermilion. 

CORPORATIONS. 

Henry,   Irwin,  Balfour,  Picard,   Cade,  Dessauer,  Kenny,   Chandler, 
Dunshie,  Clayton,  Thorn,  Polk,  Caldwell,  of  Natchitoches. 

BANKS    AND    BANKING. 

O'Connor,  Lancaster,  Anders,  Marks,  Wimberly,  of  Bienville;  Reilly, 
Krumpleman,  Polk,  Kenner. 

CLAIMS. 

Sellers,   Williams,  Bullion,   Marble,   Reinhardt,  Pearce,  Mcllhenny, 
Trezevant,  of  West  Carroll;  Picard,  Pugh, . 

PRINTING. 

Steidley,  Hyams,  Miller,  Wilson,  of  Catahoula ;  Irwin,  Clayton,  Durio, 
Wade,  Lacaze. 

PENITENTIARY. 

Barton,  Steidley,  Smith,  Sellers,  Lea,  Dougherty,  Anders. 


V2 


State  Boards  and  Commissions 


BOARD  OF  LIQUIDATION— STATE  DEBT. 

Office,  Baton  Rouge,  La. 

(jOvernor  William  Wright  Heard Ex-Officio  President 

State  Auditor  W.  S.  Frazee Secretary 

Members  : 

Albert  Estopinal  .  . .  .i ^ Lieutenant-Governor 

Ledoux  E.   Smith i Treasurer 

John  T.  Michel Secretary  of  State 

Jared  Y.  Sanders Speaker  of  the  House 

S.  P.  Walmsley President  of  the  Cotton  Exchange 


BOARD  OF  AUDIT  AND  EXCHANGE. 

Baton  Rouge,  La. 

Governor  W.  W.  Heard President 

Geo.  K.  Spyker , Secretary 

Members  : 

Albert  Estopinal  Lieutenant-Governor 

W.  S.  Frazee  ■ Auditor 

Ledoux  E.  Smith Treasurer 

Walter   Guion    Attorney   General 

John  T.  Michel Secretary  of  State 


RAILWAY  COMMISSION. 

Office,  Baton  Rouge,  La. 

C.  L.  De  Fuentes President 

W.  M.  Barrow Secretary 

Commissioners: 

C.  L.  DeFuentes First  District,  Orleans 

Overton  Cade  Second  District,  Lafayette 

W.  L.  Foster Third  District,  Caddo 


UNITED  i^TATES  AND  STATE  OFFICIALS.  379 

STATE  BOAED  OF  APPRAISERS  OF  RAILWAY,  TELEGRAPH, 
TELEPHONE,  SLEEPING  CAR  AND  EXPRESS 

BUSINESS. 

Office,  Baton  Rouge,  La. 

W.   S.   Frazee President 

W.   N.   McFarland Secretary 

Members  : 

W.  S.  Frazee,  Auditor Ex-Officio,  Baton  Rouge 

L.  R.  Garcia First  District,  New  Orleau.s 

*Daniel  Owens Second  District,  Orleans 

Geo.  M.  Robertson Third  District,  Iberia 

M.  H.  Carver Fourth  District,  Natchitoches 

G.  C.  Goldman Fifth  District,  Goldman 

Thomas  F.  Butler Sixth  District,  St.  Francisville 


BOARD  OF  PENSION  C0:MMISSI0NERS. 

Office,  Baton  Rouge. 

Gen.  J.  A.  Chalaron President 

Capt.  E.  F.  Brian Secretary 

Members  of  Board: 

Gen.  J.  A.  Chalaron Orleans 

Judge  J.  C.  Moncure Caddo 

Capt.  D.  T.  Merrick Pointe  Coupee 

Allen   Jumel ■ Adjutant  General,  Ex-Officio 

W.  S.  Frazee State  Auditor,  Ex-Officio 


STATE  BOARD  OF  HEALTH. 
Office,  New   Orleans. 

Dr.  Edmond  Souchon,  of  Orleans President 

Dr.  T.  C.  Egan,  of  Shreveport Vice-President 

Dr.  G.  Farrar  Patton,  of  Orleans Secretary 

Dr.  John  B.  Thomas,  of  East  Baton  Rouge Quarantine  Physician 

Dr.  S.  S.  Gill,  of  Orleans Shipping  Inspector 

Dr.  p.  E.  Archinard,  of  Orleans Bacteriologist 

Col.  F.  C.  Zacharie,  of  Orleans Attorney 

♦Deceased. 


380  UNITED  STATES  AND  STATE  OFFICIALS. 


Membeus  ; 


Dr.  Edmond  Souchon Orleans 

Dr.  T.  C.  Egan Shreveport 

Dr.  T.  T.  Tarlton Grand  Coteau 

Dr.  p.  B.  McCutcheon New  Orleans 

Dr.W.  Glendower  Owen White  Castle 

Dr.  J.  S.  Stephens Natchitoches 

Dr.  Arthur  Nolte New  Orleans 


STATE  BOARD  OF  EDUCATION. 

Members  State  Board  of  Education: 

Hon.  W.  W.  Heard,  Governor Baton  Rouge,  La. 

Hon.  Walter  Guion,  Attorney  General New  Orleans,  La. 

Hon.  J.  V.  Calhoun,  Supt.  Public  Education Baton  Rouge,  La. 

A.  E.  Hotard,  First  District Algiers,  La. 

Maurice  Stern,  Second  District New  Orleans,  La. 

F.  W.  Nichols,  Third  District Thibodaux,  La. 

D.  C.  Scarborough,  Fourth  District. Natchitoches,  La. 

E.  H.  McClendon,  Fifth  District Homer,  La. 

Thomas  H.  Lewis,  Sixth  District Opelousas,  La. 

Officers  of  Board  : 

Hon.  W.  W.  Heard,  Governor President,  Baton  Rouge,  La. 

Hon.  J.  V.  Calhoun Ex-Officio  Secretary,  Baton  Rouge,  La. 

J.  D.  Stannard Assistant  Secretary,  Baton  Rouge,  La. 

Place  of  Meeting,  State  Capitol,  Baton  Rouge,  La. 


STATE  BOARD  OF  ENGINEERS. 

Office,  Cotton  Exchange  Building,  New  Orleans. 

H.  B.  Richardson Chief  Engineer 

Walter  II.  Hoffman Secretary 

Members  of  Board: 

II.  B.  RiciiARDSON,  Sidney  Lewis, 

Frank  M.  Kerr,  Arsene  Perrilliat, 

Marshall  P.  Robertson. 


UNITED  STATES  AND  STATE  OFFICIALS.  381 

LOUISIANA   STATE  BOAED   OF  AGRICULTURE  AND  IMMI- 
GRATION. 

Office,  Baton  Rouge,  La. 

Gov.  W.  W.  Heard President 

N.  S.  Dougherty Secretary 

Members  of  Board. 

J.  G.  Lee ComraissioneT  of  Agriculture 

John   Dymond Plaquemines 

Emile  Rost St.  Charles 

A.  V.  Eastman Calcasieu 

Charles   Schuler. DeSoto 

E.   T.   Sellers Union 

H.  P.  McClendon Tangipahoa 

Gov.  W.  W.  Heard,  Governor  of  the  State Ex-Officio 

William  Garig,  Vice-President  L.  S.  U Ex-Officio 

Thos.  D.  Boyd,  President  L.  S.  U Ex-Officio 

W.  C.  Stubbs,  Director  of  the  Experiment  Station ..Ex-Officio 


STATE  BOARD  OF  MEDICAL  EXAMINERS  (ALLOPATH.) 

Office,  New  Orleans. 

Db.  A.  F.  Barrow • President 

Dr.  J.  D.  Trahan Vice-  President 

Dr.  a.  F.  Larue Secretary  and  Treasurer 

Members  : 

Dr.  F.  a.  Larue 

Dr.  a.  F.  Barrow Bayou  Sara,  La. 

Db.  J.  D.  Trahan Lafayette,  La. 

Dr.  F.  M.  Thornhill Arcadia,  La. 


STATE  BOARD  OF  MEDICAL  EXAMINERS   (HOMEOPATHY.) 

Office,  919  St.  Charles  Street,  New  Orleans. 

Dr.  C.  R.  Mayer President 

Dr.  Gayle  Aiken Secretary 

Members  of  the  Board. 

Dr.  Gayle  Aiken New  Orleans 

Db.  J.  W.  Belden New  Orleans 

Dr.  C.  R.  Mayer New  Orleans 

Dr.  T.  J.  Crebbin New  Orleans 

Db.  W.  D.  Nobwood Slireveport 


382  UNITED  STATES  AND  STATE  OFFICIALS. 

STATE  BOARD  OF  DENTAL  EXAMINERS. 

Office,  New  Orleans. 

Dr.  John  E.  Woodward.  . .  .> President,  New  Orleans 

L.  A.  Hubert Attorney  and  Secretary 

Members  of  Board: 

Dr.  John  E.  Woodward New  Orleans 

Dr.  Geo.  A.  Colomb New  Orleans 

Dr.  J.  S.  Couret New  Orleans 

Dr.  R.  M.  Zelinka Houma 

Dr.   a.   S.   Johnson , Monroe 


STATE  BOARD  OF  PHARMACY. 

Office,  New  Orleans. 

P.   L.   ViALLON President 

F.   C.   Godbold •  • Secretary 

Members  of  the  Board. 
E.  N.  Roth,  W.  T.  Taylor, 

Paul  Fleming,  Max  Samson, 

William  Fleming,  G.  S.  Brown, 

William  M.  Levy,  M.  Bernstein. 


STATE  BOARD  OF  ARBITRATION  AND  CONCILIATION. 

Office,  Cotton  Exchange  Building,  New  Orleans. 

*CoL.  J.  M.  Foster President 

James   Leonard Secretary 

Members  of  Board. 

Col.  J.  M.  Foster,  Henry  G.  Hester, 

James  Leonard,  *James  Shaw. 


DIRECTORS  OF  THE  CITIZENS'  BANK  OF  LOUISIANA. 

On  Part  of  State: 

Horace  U.  Beach,  E.  T.  Merrick,  Jr., 

Edward  Gauche,  Chas.  J.  Theard^ 

Aristides  Hopkins. 


♦Deceased. 


UNITED  STATES  AND  STATE  0FFICIAL3.  383 

BOARD  OF  EXAIIINERS,  BAR  PILOTS. 

Office,  Hennen  Building,  New  Orleans. 
Thomas  Craig,  J.  J.  Williams, 


STATE  BOARD  OF  ASSESSORS  FOR  THE  PARISH  OF 

ORLEANS. 

Office,  City  Hall,  New  Orleans. 

Martin   Behrman    President 

C.  Taylor  Gauche Vice-President 

Geo.  Dawkins  Secretary 

Horace  P.  Phillips  Assistant  Secretary 

C.  Taylor  Gauche First  District 

Alex.  Pujol Second  District 

Joseph  Hirn  Third  District 

Samuel  Alston Fourth  District 

Martin  Behrman   Fifth  District 

Henry  Puderer Sixth  District 

O.  A.  Trezevant Seventh  District 


HOTEL  ROYAL  COMMISSION. 

(Act  No.  142  of  1898.) 

Gov,  W.  W.  Heard President 

Secretary  of  State  John  T.  Michel Secretary 

Members  of  Commission: 

W.  W.  Heard   Governor 

John  T.  Michel Secretary  of  State 

W.   S.   Frazee Auditor 

Walter  Guion  Attorney  General 

Wm.  Murphy  On  behalf  of  the  Senate 

Samuel  Alston On  behalf  of  the  Senate 

W.  McL,  Fassoux On  behalf  of  the  House 

N,  S,  Dougherty On  behalf  of  the  House 

Chas.  B,  Stroudback On  behaK  of  the  House 


BOARD  OF  PORT  C0MMISSI0NT:RS  FOR  THE  PORT  OF  NEW 

ORLEANS. 

Office,  331  Carondelet  Street,  New  Orleans. 

Hugh   McCloskey    President 

Col.  B,  M,  King  Vice-President 

William  A,  Kernaghan Secretary 

W.  H.  Byrnes,  vice  Sidney  H,  March,  resipmed, 
A,  DuMSER,  vice  J.  T.  Henderson,  term  expired. 


384  UNITED  STATES  AND  STATE  OFFICIALS. 

NEW  BASIN  CANAL  AND  SHELL  ROAD. 

Office,  New  Basin  Canal  and  Franklin  Street,  New  Orleans. 

Frank  M.  Breedlove  President 

Jas.  n.  Murphy,  of  St.  Tammany Secretary 

Walter  C,  Murphy,  of  New  Orleans Superintendent 

Members  of  Bo^uid  of  Control: 

Frank  M.  Breedlove,  New  Orleans,  vice  L.  A.  Graham,  term 
expired. 

P.  E.  St.  Martin,  New  Orleans,  vice  N.  S.  Hosklns,  term  expired. 

John  B.  Honor.  New  Orleans,  vice  Henry  B.  Schrieber,  term  expired. 

O.  A.  Bullion, Ascension 

T.  M.  Akers Tangipahoa 

STATE  CONTEST  BOAKD  OF  ELECTIONS. 

Office,  Baton  Rouge. 

John  T.  Michel .'^. . . . .  Secretary  of  State 

W.  S.  Frazee State  Auditor 

Ledoux  E.  Smith State  Treasurer 

CTwo  vacancies.) 


ATCHAFALAYA  BASIN  LEVEE  BOARD. 

Office,  Port  Allen. 

Andrew  H.  Gay President 

A.  D.  Barrow Secretary 

Members  op  Board: 

*Thomas  G.  Sparks Pointe  Conpee  Parish 

Joseph  Torras Ascension  Parish 

Victor  M.  Lefebvre West  Baton  Ronsre  Parish 

Andrew  H.  Gay   Iberville  Parish 

HoNORE  DiTGAS   Assumption  Parish 

Thomas  Beary Lafourche  Parish 

Jos.  A.  Provost Iheria  Parish 

BOSSIER  LEVEE  BOARD. 

Bossier  Levee  District.     Office,  Benton,  La. 

J.  W.   Jeter President 

T.   N.   Br,\den Secretary 

MEiifBERs  OF  Board  of  Commissioners: 
G.  A.  F.  Poole.  W.  D.  Mercer. 

A.  Caplts.  .  J.  W.  Jeter. 

W.  T.  Colqttit.  T.  W.  W.  Sttnson. 

A.  J.  Moss. 

•Deceased. 


UNITED  STATES  AND  STATE  OFFICIALS.  385 

BURAS  LEVEE  BOARD. 

Office,  Buras,  La. 

Geo.    Schoenberger    President 

J.  B.  Fasterling   Secretary 

Members  of  Board: 

Geo.  Schoenberger,  J.  L.  Buras. 

W.  S.  Reddick.  Frank  Giordano. 

Henry  Kamlah. 


CADDO  LEVEE  DISTRICT.    . 

Office,  Shreveport,  La. 

W.  F.  Taylor President 

S.  N.  Kerley  Secretary 

Members  of  Board  of  Commissioners: 

W.  F.  Taylor.  Wm.  V.  Robson. 

John  Glassell.  C.  W.  Lane. 

John  M.  Robertson.  John  Sentell. 

E.  M.  Smith. 


GRAND  PRAIRIE  LEVEE  DISTRICT. 

Office,  Pointe-a-la-Hache. 

I.  L.  Haspel President 

M.  D.  Haspel Secretary 

Members  of  Board  of  Commissioners: 

Thomas  Brophy,  Isaac  L.  Haspel, 

Henry  H.  Baker,  John  Burton, 

Marcus  Waltzer. 


LAKE  BORGNE  BASIN  LEVEE  BOARD. 

Lake  Borgne  Levee  District.     Office,  339  Carondelet  street,  New  Orleans. 

John  Dymond President 

N.  C.  Nunez Secretary 

Members  of  Board  of  Commissioners: 

John  Dymond,  Benito  Ojeda, 

Harry  McCall,  Jr. 


386  UNITED  STATES  AND  STATE  OFFICIALS. 

LAFOURCHE  BASIN  LEVEE  BOARD. 

Lafourche   Basin   Levee   District.     Office,    Cotton   Exchange   Building, 

New  Orleans. 

Victor   Maurin President 

W.  J.  McCuNE Secretary 

Members  of  Board  of  Commissioners: 

V.  Maurin •  • Ascension  Parish 

E.  L.  Monnot Assumption  Parish 

Thomas  D.  Kent Lafourche  Parish 

James  R.  Tucker St.  James  Parish 

Victor  Berthelo t St.  John  Parish 

TiiOM.\s  Sellers St.  Charles  Parish 

RosELius  Perez    Plaquemines  Parish 

James  S.  Brady  Jefferson  Parish 

J.  D.  Willis For  the  Railroads 


ORLEANS  LEVEE  BOARD. 

Office  395  St.  Charles  Street,  New  Orleans. 

Otto  Thoman    President 

T.  J.  Duggan  Secretary 

Members  of  Board  of  Commissioners  Orleans  Le\'ee  District. 

Jules  Koenig  First  District 

J.  L.  Adam .  Second  District 

Peter  Elizardi  Third  District 

W.  McL.  Fayssoux Fourth  District 

Manuel  Abascal Fifth  District 

Charles  T.  Yenni  Seventh  District 

Ex-Officio  Members: 

Hon.  Paul  Capdevielle  Mayor  of  New  Orleans 

Hon.  Thos.  J.  Moulin.  .  .Commissioner  of  Public  Works  of  New  Orleans 
W.  J.  Hardee City  Engineer  New  Orleans 


RED  RIVER,  ATCHAFALAYA  AND  BAYOU  BOEUF  LEVEE 

BOARD, 

Office,  Alexandria,  La. 

J.  Q.  White  President 

J.  R.  Thornton  ,. . .  •  Secretary 

Members  of  Board: 

J.  G.  White Rapides  Parish 

Harry  Perkins Avoyelles  Parish 

E.  G.  Richards St.  Landry  Pariah 


UNITED  STATES  AND  STATE  OFFICIALS.  387 

PONTCHARTRAIN  LEVEE  DISTRICT. 

Office,  Convent,  La. 

HuNTEB  C.  Leake President 

P.  M.  Lambremont  Secretary 

Members  of  Board  of  Commissioners: 

Hunter  C.  Leake For  I.  C.  R.  R  Co. 

T.  J.  Kernan For  Y.  and  M.  V.  R.  R.  Co. 

Samuel  Giannelloni East  Baton  Rouge  Parish 

Simon  LeBlanc   Iberville  Parish 

W.  P.  Miles,  Jr Ascension  Parish 

Emile  Bourgeois St.  James  Parish 

L.  Montegut,  Jr St.  John  Parish 

M.  SoNGEY St.  Charles  Parish 

LuciEN  Soniat  Jefferson  Parish 


TENSAS  BASIN  LEYEE  BOARD. 

Tensas  Basin  Levee  District.     Office,  Rayville,  La. 

W.  T.  Barham   President 

H.  R.  Speed Secretary 

Members  of  Board  of  Commissioners: 

John  T.  Cole Ouachita  Parish 

E.  M.  Hicks Franklin  Parish 

W.  H.  Holloman Catahoula  Parish 

J.  Q.  Graves Caldwell  Parish 

R.  M.  Shillings West  Carroll  Parish 

Jno.  a.  Hemler  Raceland  Parish 

W.  T.  Barham Morehouse  Parish 


FIFTH  LOUISIANA  LEVEE  BOARD. 

Office  at  Tallulah,  La. 
J.    T.   McLellan President 

A.  T.  Lane Secretary 

Members  of  Board  of  Commissioners: 

J.  T.  McLellan Madison  Parish 

W.  H.  Ward Madison  Parish 

B.  B,  Parham Concordia  Parish 

J.  H.  Lambdin Concordia  Parish 

E.  J.  Hamley East  Carroll  Parish 

M.  H.  Benjamin East  Carroll  Parish 

C  C.  CoRDiLL Tensas  Parish 

G.  C.  Goldman Tensas  Parish 


388  UNITED  STATES  AND  STATE  OFFICIALS. 

FAUSSE  POINT  DRAINAGE  DISTEICT. 
Commissioners  : 
J.  D.  Rose.  J.  D.  Dauterive. 


FIRST  DRAINAGE  DISTRICT— PARISH  OF  IBERVILLE. 

'  '  '  Commissioners: 

P.  U.  Beau.  F.  Falcon. 


GUEYDAN  DRAINAGE  DISTRICT. 
Office,  Gueydan,  Vermilion  Parish. 
Commissioners  : 
John  W.  Meyers.  Frank  M.  Hasson. 


IBERIA  AND  ST.  MARY  DRAINAGE  DISTRICT. 

Office,  Jeanerette,  La. 

A.  L.  MoNNOT  President 

A.    Schexnayder    Secretary 

Commissioners  : 

A.  L.  MoNNOT  Iberia  Parish 

J.  C.  Murphy  St.  Mary  Parish 

J.  C.  Acres  Iberia  Parish 

L.  A.  MoRESi Iberia  Parish 

Charles  A.  Poirson Iberia  Parish 


NEW  IBERIA  AND  BAYOU  CARLIN  DRAINAGE  DISTRICT. 

Office,  New  Iberia,  La. 
Commissioners  : 
E.  J.  Carstens.  M.  E.  Satterfield. 


SECOND  DRAINAGE  DISTRICT— PARISH  OF  ST.  BERNARD. 

Office  St.  Bernard  Parish. 
Commissioners  : 
Jules  H.  Brou.  B.  J.  Lauoa. 


UNITED  STATES  AND  STATE  OFFICIALS.  389 

BAYOU  CONWAY  DRAINAGE  DISTRICT. 

Office,  Ascension  Parish. 

Commissioners  : 
H.  E.  Spurgeon.  Dr.  W.  P.  Miles. 


BELLE  PLACE  DRAINAGE  DISTRICT. 

Commissioners  : 
Jules  Monnot.  A.  0.  Broussard. 


ST.     ]\L\RTIN,     IBERIA     AND     POINT     CLARE     DRAINAGE 

DISTRICT. 

Parishes,  St.  Martin  and  Iberia. 

Commissioners  : 
A.  O.  Provost.  Lucien  Oure. 

Albert  P.  Reseveber.  U.  Landry. 


THIRD  DRAINAGE  DISTRICT— PARISH  OF  ASSUMPTION. 

Commissioners  : 
A.  D.  Blanchard.  C.  P.  Simoneaux. 


THIRD   LAFOURCHE   DRAINAGE   DISTRICT. 

Commissioners  : 
Wilson  Lepine.  Edward  Caillouet. 


Roster  of  Parish  Officers 

AND 

LIST  OF  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS  AND  POPULATIONS. 


ACADIA. 


634  square  miles;  incorporated  in  18S6;  population  23,483;  seat  of 
justice  Crowley. 

R.  T.  Clark Clerk  of  District  Court 

J.  L.  MuRRELL  1 Sheriff 

F.  R.  Martin  Coroner 

Welman  Bradford  Surveyor 

A.  C.  LoRMAND Tax  Assessor 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  F.  J.  Bernard;  Second  Ward:  B.  E. 
Clark;  Third  Ward:  Homer  David,  F.  J.  Klein;  Fourth  Ward:  G.  E. 
Brooks;  Fifth  Ward:  Joseph  Flash,  W.  M.  Iloyt;  Sixth  Ward:  J.  M. 
Crahtree,  W.  L.  Carver,  James  F.  Elder. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  E.  O.  Brunner,  Gaston 
Servat;  Second  Ward:  L.  L.  Clark;  Third  Ward:  H.  D.  McBride; 
Fourth  Ward:  Louis  Cart;  Fifth  Ward:  J.  P.  Hoyt,  Alcee  Henry;  Sixth 
Ward:  J.  M.  A.  Francois;  Seventh  Ward:  J.  J.  Robira,  P.  J.  Pavy; 
Eighth  Ward:  S.  W.  Steen. 

Constables — First     Ward:  Moise     Arcenaux,     Howard     Andrews; 
Seoond    Ward:    Branch    II.    Hiayes;    Third    Ward:    Theogene    Daigle; 
Fourth  Ward :  Arthur  Lavergne ;  Fifth  Ward :  Ben  Broussard,  Olivier 
Richard;  Sixth  Ward:  Joe  McGee;  Seventh  Ward:  Clebert  Simon,  Geo. 
Freeman;  Eighth  Ward:  Eugene  Meche. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  from  May  1st,  1900,  Jos.  H.  Lumpkins, 
E.  O.  Brunner,  Chas.  F.  Mathews,  Alcee  Henry,  Edw.  N.  Pugh. 

Crowley,    population    ;    Church    Point,    278;    Rayne,    1007; 

Eunice,  316. 

President  Parish  Board  of  Education,  J.  H.  Hunter,  Rayne. 

Superintendent  Parish  Board  of  Education,  J.  E  .Barry,  Crowley. 

ASCENSION. 

373  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1807;  population  24,142;  seat  of 
justice,  Donaldsonville. 

James  S.  Barman Clerk  of  District  Court 

J.  F.  Fernandez Chief  Deputy  Clerk 


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PARISH  OFFICERS^  LIST  OF  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS,  ETC.  393 

Sam.  H.  St.  Martin Sheriff 

Dr.  E.  K.  Sims  Coroner 

Jos.  St.  AaMANT Tax  Assessor 

R.  J.  Chauvin Attorney  to  assist  Tax  Collector 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  John  W.  Tucker;  Second  Ward:  J.  M. 
Ourso;  Third  Ward:  J.  Kamsey  Duke;  Fourth  Ward:  Joseph  Alaurin; 
Fifth  Ward:  L.  W.  Armatage;  Sixth  Ward:  J.  C.  Klos;  Seventh  Ward: 
J.  A.  Gonzales;  Eighth  Ward:  W.  A.  Sibley. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  D.  B.  Allen;  Second  Ward: 
H.  C.  Robinson;  Third  Ward:  Joseph  Corbo;  Fourth  Ward:  Edmond 
Maurin,  David  Israel;  Fifth  Ward:  J.  R.  Landry;  Sixth  Ward:  Chas. 
Madere;  Seventh  Ward:  C.  D.  Gondran;  Eighth  Ward:  W.  W.  Dixon; 
Ninth  Ward:  J.  M.  Lusk;  Tenth  Ward:  A.  D.  Carpenter,  Aureliixs  White. 

Constables — First  Ward:  Arthur  Joseph;  Second  Ward:  Adam 
Dupre;  Third  Ward:  P.  M.  Ayrand;  Fourth  Ward:  J.  McCray,  V.  C. 
Cantrelle;  Fifth  Ward:  I.  Murray;  Sixth  Ward:  Jno.  Brown;  Seventh 
Ward:  Thos.  Mitchell;  Eighth  Ward:  M.  Ruffin;  Ninth  Ward:  R.  Gaut- 
reaux;  Tenth  Ward:  W.  M.  Fife,  H.  D.  Carpenter. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  from  May  1st,  1900,  Frederick 
Landry,  R.  McCuUough,  Dan'l.  H.  Dyer,  Edw.  N.  Pugh,  Jr.,  C.  0. 
Weber,  W.  J.  Bomar,  R.  N.  Sims,  W.  Lemann. 

Donaldsonville,  population  4,105. 

President  Parish  Board  of  Education,  A.  D.  Vega,  Sr.,  Donaldson- 
ville. 

Superintendent  Parish  Board  of  Education,  R.  McCulloch,  Donald- 
sonville. 

ASSUMPTION. 

327  square  miles;  incorporated  1807;  population  21,620;  seat  of 
justice,  Napoleonville. 

Oscar  Dugas Clerk  of  District  Court 

Charles  L.   Trische Sherili 

Dr.  a.  J.  Himel Coroner 

Surveyor 

Edgard  Aucoin  Tax  Assessor 

F.  H.  Tete Attorney  to  assist  Tax  Collector 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  L.  B.  Landry;  Second  Ward:  E. 
Guillot;  Third  Ward:  Theo.  Delaunne;  Fourth  Ward:  L.  Himel;  Fifth 
Ward:  Dr.  P.  H.  Dansereaux;  Sixth  Ward:  L.  Lemmel;  Seventh  Ward: 
A.  Trahan;  Eighth  Ward:  P.  E.  Landry. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  S.  A.  Truxillo;  Second  Ward: 
M.  Cazere;  Third  Ward:  J.  T.  Gourges;  Fourth  Ward:  L.  D.  Badeaux; 
Fifth  Ward :  L.  Francioni ;  Sixth  Ward :  H.  J.  Yerret,  J.  M.  Bourgeois, 


394  PARISH  OFFICERS^  LIST  OF  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS,  ETC. 

E.  Gianelloni;  Seventh  Ward:  C.  J.  Lafitte;  Eighth  Ward:  A.  Daigle; 
Ninth  Ward :  P.  F.  V.  Labarre. 

Constables — First  Ward:  A.  Vegas;  Second  Ward:  L.  Verret; 
Third  Ward:  E.  Tremin;  Fourth  Ward:  A.  A.  Badeaux;  Fifth  Ward: 
A.  Bourg;  Sixth  Ward:  6.  P.  Landry,  W.  P.  Thibodeaux;  Seventh  Ward: 
A,  Blanchard;  Eighth  Ward:  L.  Alonzo. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  from  May  1st,  1900,  J.  L.  Francioni. 

Napoleonville,  population  945. 

President  Parish  Board  of  Education,  E.  L.  Monnot,  Bertie. 

Superintendent  Parish  Board  of  Education,  John  Marks,  Napoleon- 
ville. 

AVOYELLES. 

843  square  miles;  incorporated  1807;  population  29,701;  seat  of 
justice,  Marksville. 

E.  A,  Plauche Clerk  of  the  District  Court 

A.  V.  Saucier  ^.  .. ., Sheriff 

Dr.  a.  Leigh  Coroner 

•  Surveyor 

L  C.  Johnson Tax  Assessor 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  E.  Sayes;  Second  Ward:  R.  J.  John- 
son; Third  Ward:  P.  Mayeaux;  Fourth  Ward:  J.  Supper;  Fifth  Ward: 
C.  Kaloue;  Sixth  Ward:  E.  E.  Firnxiner;  Seventh  Ward:  A.  J.  Nor- 
wood; Eighth  Ward:  J.  B.  Jeansomme,  O.  Mayeaux;  Ninth  Ward: 
M.  M.  Bordelon;  Tenth  Ward:  IT.  B.  Irion. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  P.  W.  Paul;  Second  Ward 
J.  U.  Chaze,  E.  F.  Bordelon;  Third  Ward:  B.  Ingoof;  H.  Rabalais 
Fourth  Ward:  II.  Bordelon;  Fifth  Ward:  Chas.  Goudeau;  Sixth  Ward 
L.  F.  Bordelon;  Seventh  Ward:  B.  J.  Carbo;  Eighth  Ward:  R.  Dufour, 
T.  E.  Jeansomme;  Ninth  Ward:  T.  J.  Milligan,  H.  E.  Haley;  Tenth 
Ward:  M.  Glaze,  J.  T.  Rhodes. 

Constables — First  Ward:  L.  A.  Felsenthal;  Second  Ward:  W.  H. 
Robert,  W.  Laborde;  Third  Ward:  J.  L.  Chatelin,  T.  A.  Bartel;  Fourth 
Ward:  G.  Descant;  Fifth  Ward:  L.  P.  Terry;  Sixth  Ward:  T.  A. 
Bordelon;  Seventh  Ward:  F.  M.  Morgan;  Eighth  Ward:  H.  H.  Marcotte, 
O.  Lacour;  Ninth  Ward:  J.  F.  DeSoto,  E.  Fisher;  Tenth  Ward:  D.  R. 
Bettison. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  from  May  1st,  1900,  A.  H.  Normand, 
Jos.  E.  Haley,  L.  J,  Ducote,  P.  M.  Fuqua,  C.  P.  Courvillon,  A.  L.  Boyer, 
L.  P.  Gremillion,  C.  A.  Smith,  G.  G.  Gremillion. 

Marksville,  population  837;  Bunkie,  873;  Evergreen,  322;  Cotton- 
port,  r)02;  Mansuria,  408;  Marthaville,  228. 

President  Parish  Board  of  Education,  E.  J.  Joffrion,  Marksville. 

Sui)erintcndcnt  Parish  Board  of  Education,  A.  D.  Lafargue,  Marks- 
ville. 


PARISH  OFFICERS^  LIST  OF  PRIKCIPAL  TOWNS,  ETC.  395 

BIENVILLE. 

856  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1848;  population  17,588;  seat  of 
justice  Sparta. 

J.  W.  TooKE Clerk  of  District  Court 

W.  R.  PuLLiN   Sheriff 

J.  H.  GivENS Coroner 

R.   M.    Crawson Surveyor 

H.  G.  Oden Tax  Assessor 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  W.  H.  Leslie;  Second  Ward:  J.  H. 
Thurmond;  Third  Ward:  II.  F.  Scheen ;  Fourth  Ward:  J.  L.  Wimberly; 
Fifth  Ward:  J.  C.  Watts;  Sixth  Ward:  J.  G.  Blewer. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  J.  W.  Pullig,  J.  F.  Spurlock; 
Second  Ward:  J.  P.  Thurmond,  W.  H.  Lazarus;  Third  Ward:  H.  M. 
King,  J.  T.  Huckaby;  Fourth  Ward:  U.  N.  Page,  H.  J.  Hall;  Fifth 
Ward:  J.  J.  Warren;  Sixth  Ward:  P.  S.  Roden,  R.  E.  Easely. 

Constables — First  Ward:  J.  E.  Curie,  B.  F.  Jameson;  Second 
Ward:  E.  Courtney,  D.  R.  Rogers;  Third  Ward:  J.  G.  Robinson,  L. 
Stewart;  Fourth  Ward:  S.  M.  Fair,  M.  J.  'Moore;  Fifth  Ward:  J.  B. 
Williams;  Sixth  Ward:  W.  W.  Poole. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  from  May  1st,  1900,  B,  J.  Key,  J.  B. 
Wimberly. 

Arcadia,  924;  Bienville.  263;  Gibsland,  558. 

President  Parish  Board  of  Education,  W.  P.  Oden,  Arcadia. 

Superintendent  Board    f  Eduea'tion,  W.  U.  Richardson,  Arcadia. 

BOSSIER. 

773  square  miles ;  incorporated  in  1843 ;  population  24,153 ;  seat  of 
justice,  Benton. 

B.  A.  Kelly Clerk  of  District  Court 

A.   R.    Thompson Sheriff 

H.  Nesson    Coroner 

G.  D.  Alexander Surveyor 

H.  H.  Montgomery Tax  Assessor 

President  Parish  Board  of  Education,  J.  W.  Prince,  Haughton. 

Superintendent  Parish  Board  of  Education,  W.  IT.  Scanlan,  Shreve- 
port. 

Police  Jurors^ — Firsf  Ward:  T.  W.  Holmes;  Second  Ward:  T.  J. 
Tidwell,  J.  C.  Logan;  Third  Ward:  J.  A.  Ford;  Fourth  Ward:  M.  W. 
Carson;  Fifth  Ward:  J.  F.  Adair;  Sixth  Ward:  C.  D.  Sandidge,  L.  C. 
Riggs. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward :  J.  C.  Bell ;  Second  Ward : 
R.  C.  Stinson;  Third  Ward:  J.  G.  Allen,  Thos.  M.  Love;  Fourth  Ward: 
F.  R.  Garrett;  Fifth  Ward:  J.  P.  Gleason ;  Sixth  Ward:  IL  Barneastle, 
J.  N.  Ryan. 


396  PARISH  OFFICERS,  LIST  OP  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS,  ETC. 

Constables — First  Ward:  C.  E.  Jacobs;  Second  Ward:  N.  H. 
Arnold;  Third  Ward:  T.  J.  Taylor;  Fourth  Ward:  J.  J.  Allums;  Fifth 
Ward:  T.  W.  Heath;  Sixth  Ward:  J.  W.  O'Neal,  W.  M.  Morrow. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  from  May  1st,  1900,  H,  S.  Dowell. 

Benton,  463;  Haughton,  194;  Logansport,  688;  Plain  Dealing,  258. 

CADDO. 

852  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1838;  population  44,499;  seat  of 
justice,  Shreveport. 

F.  A.  Leonard  Clerk  of  District  Court 

S.  J.  Ward    , .Sheriff 

II.  C.  Coty   Coroner 

L.  F.   Crawford Surveyor 

D.  E.  Nicholson Tax  Assessor 

President  Board  of  Education,  J.  H.  Shepherd,  Shreveport. 

Superintendent  Board  of  Education,  J.  C.  Moncure,  Shreveport. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  W.  B.  Means,  W.  W.  Wynn;  Second 
Ward:  H.  H.  Huckaby;  Third  Ward:  J.  S.  Noel;  Fourth  Ward:  Jno. 
S.  Young,  Wm.  Winter,  W.  F.  Thoman,  C.  G.  Kives,  W.  T.  Monkhouse; 
Fifth  Ward:  S.  A.  Alexander;  Sixth  Ward:  J.  H.  Bagley;  Seventh 
Ward:  P.  P.  Keith;  Eighth  Ward:  T.  S.  Hutchinson. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  H.  W.  Berneathy,  W.  O. 
Owens ;  Second  Ward :  B.  F.  Teat ;  Third  Ward :  W.  E.  Wassen,  W.  A. 
Elliott;  Fifth  Ward:  S.  J.  Philips;  Sixth  Ward:  L.  T.  Silvester;  Seventh 
Ward:  W.  A.  Hendricks;  Eighth  Ward:  B.  E.  Jacobs. 

Constables — First  Ward:  N.  Tyson,  J.  L.  Pyron;  Second  Ward: 
J.  C.  Childs;  Third  Ward:  T.  C.  Hearn,  J.  M.  Miller;  Fifth  Ward:  C. 
C.  Alexander;  Sixth  Ward:  M.  C.  Bagley;  Seventh  Ward:  L.  Howard; 
Eighth  Ward :  K.  Trottier. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  from  May  1st,  1900,  J.  F.  Slattery, 
Newmanjordy,  Jr.,  B.  F.  Teat,  L.  E.  Smith,  F.  J.  Looney,  J.  D.  Wilkin- 
son, E.  D.  Webb,  S.  L.  Herold,  D.  P.  Ilollis,  W.  A.  Ellett,  T.  F.  Bell,  Jr., 
J.   S.   Comegys. 

Shreveport,  population  16,013. 

CALCASIEU. 

3,400  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1843;  population,  30,428;  seat  of 
justice.  Lake  Charles. 

H.  C.  Gill Clerk  of  District  Court. 

J.  A.  Perkins Sheriff. 

Thos.  H.  Watkins Coroner 

J,  W.  Eoiier , .  Surveyor 

A.  L.  Lyons • Tax  Assessor 

J.  G.  FouRNET Atty.  to  assist  Tax  Collector 


SHEEVEPOKT  HIGH  SCHOOL. 


PARISH  OFFICERS,  LIST  OF  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS,  ETC.  399 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  J.  Chaumoset;  Second  Ward:  F.  A. 
Arcenaux;  Third  Ward:  S.  Bloch,  L.  Chavaune;  Fourth  Ward:  G.  W. 
House;  Fifth  Ward:  J.  P.  Hampton;  Sixth  Ward:  J.  O.  Stewart;  Seventh 
Ward:  J.  D.  Sigler;  Eighth  Ward:  B.  E.  Miller;  Ninth  Ward:  J.  C. 
LeBleu;  Tenth  Ward:  C.  F.  Taylor. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  W.  Jackson,  Jos.  Chenier; 
Second  Ward:  Saml.  Blackford;  Third  Ward:  J.  B.  Kirkman,  J.  L. 
Wasey;  Fourth  Ward:  L.  Cooper,  N.  Vincent,  H.  J.  Perkins;  Fifth 
Ward:  S.  A.  Fairchild,  P.  Langdon,  J.  W.  Fancher;  Sixth  Ward:  D.  D. 
Herford,  H.  E.  Hall;  Seventh  Ward:  D.  P.  Lyles,  G.  W.  Seaman;  Eighth 
Ward:  J.  V.  Peeves;  Ninth  Ward:  J.  H.  Materne,  Dallas  Hayes;  Tenth 
Ward:  E.  S.  Heampstead,  A.  G.  Fisher. 

Constables — First  Ward:  F.  Darbonne,  N.  Garborina;  Second 
Ward:  I.  Fontenot;  Third  Ward:  J.  M.  Stafford,  M.  J.  Guzman;  Fourth 
Ward:  Geo.  Hillebrandt,  A.  Vincent,  Robt.  Truesdale;  Fifth  Ward:  B. 
W.  Lyons,  D.  0.  Vincent;  Sixth  Ward;  F.  T.  Smith,  D.  A.  Shirley,  H. 
T.  Mysell;  Seventh  Ward:  W.  R.  Howell,  J.  Lyles,  Jr.;  Eighth  Ward: 
W.  A.  Seals;  Ninth  Ward:  J.  R.  Jones,  A.  Desermond;  Tenth  Ward: 
J.  Harris,  W.  0.  Queensbery. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  from  May  1st,  1900,  W.  Jackson,  L. 
Sugar,  H.  Hall,  J.  M.  Booze,  A.  M.  Barbe,  L.  H.  Moss,  L.  M.  Valdeterrr, 
J.  B.  Stack,  C.  A.  Weiner,  C.  E.  Wooten,  J.  C.  St.  Germain,  J.  H. 
Heinen,  J.  S.  Toomer 

Lake  Charles,  population  6,680;  Jennings,  1,539;  Oberlin,  213; 
Welsh,  320. 

CALDWELL. 

535  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1838;  population,  6,917;  geat  of 
justice,  Columbia. 

M.  L.  Mecon Clerk  of  District  Court 

J.  J.  Meredith Sheritf 

Dr.  E.L.  Wright Coroner 

Surveyor. 

R.  R.  Redditt Tax  Assessor 

President  Board  of  Education,  E.  J.  Langham,  Columbia. 

Superintendent  Board  of  Education,  C.  P.  Thornhill,  Columbia. 

Police  Jurors— First  Ward:  J.  A.  Powell;  Second  Ward:  N.  M. 
Davis;  Third  Ward:  W.  F.  Humphries;  Fourth  Ward:  M.  Jarrell;  Fifth 

Ward:  J.  M.  Sherrod;  Sixth  Ward:  ;  Seventh  Ward:  A.  B. 

Duff;  Eighth  Ward:  C.  A.  Hebert;  Ninth  Ward:  J.  D.  Meredith;  Tenth 
Ward:  J.  T.  Hanchey. 

Justices  of  the  Peace— First  Ward:  W.  B.  McLain;  Second  Ward: 
R.  B.  Graves;  Third  Ward:  A.  J.  McDaniel;  Fourth  Ward:  S.  D.  S. 
Walker;  Fifth  Ward:  C.  E.  Meredith;  Sixth  Ward:  W.  M.  Newsom;  Sev- 
enth Ward:  C.  Payne;  Eigth  Ward:  H.  A.  Hebert;  Ninth  Ward:  P.  M. 
Fisher;  Tenth  Ward:  E.  F.  Grayson. 


400  PARISH  OFFICERS,  LIST  OP  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS,  ETC. 

Constables — First  Ward:  C.  A.  Ferraud;  Second  Ward:  B.  E. 
Erskins;  Third  Ward:  G.  W.  Thompson;  Fourth  Ward:  H.  M.  Simons; 
Fifth  Ward:  W.  Kent;  Seventh  Ward:  Geo.  Williams;  Eighth  Ward: 
C.  S.  Hilliard;  Ninth  Ward:  L.  E.  Rogeys;  Tenth  Ward:  R.  L.  Elliott. 

Notaries  Public — ^Appointed  from  May  1st,  1900. 

Columbia,  382. 

CAMERON. 

1,545  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1870;  population,  3,952;  seat  of 
justice,  Cameron. 

T.  E.  Gee Clerk  of  District  Court 

J.  A.  Wakefield i •  • Sherilf 

G.  Sweeny Coroner 

Surveyor 

P.  E.  Smith i.  •  -Tax  Assessor 

President  Board  of  Education,  1.  Bonsail,  Cameron. 

Superintendent  Board  of  Education,  A.  G.  Murray,  Lowry. 

Police  Jurors— First  Ward:  E.  J.  Hall;  Second  Ward:  E.  Sterlese; 
Third  Ward:  P.  Montie;  Fourth  Ward:  A.  Vincent;  Fifth  Ward:  O. 
Pivoto. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  R.  Nenermaker;  Second  Ward: 
J.  D.  McCall;  Third  Ward:  A.  A.  Roux,  M.  Dupuy;  Fourth  Ward:  J. 
Portie,  E.  Hebert;  Fifth  Ward;  F.  Erbelding. 

Constables — First  Ward:  M.  L.  Crowell;  Second  Ward:  W.  R.  Mc- 
Call; Third  Ward:  G.  Constance,  Nich  Broussard;  Fourth  Ward:  J.  D. 
Hebert,  Alcebad  Hebert;  Fifth  Ward:  Geo.  W.  Bland. 

CATAHOULA. 

1,350  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1808;  population,  16,351;  seat  of 
justice,  Harrisonburg. 

J.  F.  Robertson Clerk  of  District  Court 

J.  W.  Walters Sherill 

Dr.  H.  W.  A.  Pritchard .Coroner 

C.  C.  Pritchard Tax  Assessor 

R.  J.  Wilson I Atty.  to  assist  Tax  Collector 

; Surveyor 

President  Board  of  Education,  E.  M.  Brian,  Rosefield. 

Superintendent  Board  of  Education,  J.  P.  A.  Whatley,  Harrison- 
burg. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  W.  I.  Gillespie;  Second  Ward:  J.  C. 
Harden;  Third  Ward:  J.  W.  Smith;  Fourth  Ward:  F.  Brown;  Fith 
Ward:  M.  N.  Walker;  Sixth  Ward:  A.  G.  Hodges;  Seventh  Ward:  W. 
S.  Dorsey;  Eighth  Ward:  H.  W.  Berthard;  Ninth  Ward:  W.  F.  Miller. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  L.  Pipes;  Second  Ward:  J. 


PARISH  OFFICERS,  LIST  OF  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS,  ETC.  401 

W.  Sheppard;  Third  Ward:  W.  H.  Whitehead;  Fourth  Ward:  B.  E. 
Blake;  Fifth  Ward:  A.  L.  Plummer;  Sixth  Ward:  S.  Barr;  Seventh 
Ward:  E.  D.  Spann;  Eighth  Ward:  J.  E.  Boyd,  N.  C.  Bennett;  Ninth 
Ward:  C.  N.  Bruce,  L.  P.  Briggs. 

Constables — First  Ward:  E.  F.  Gillespie;  Second  Ward:  T.  D. 
Holstein;  Third  Ward:  J.  F.  Cassels;  Fourth  Ward:  J.  Q.  Prestidge; 
Fifth  Ward:  J.  F.  Thompson;  Sixth  Ward:  J.  H.  Richey;  Seventh  Ward: 
J.  F.  Kelly:  Eigth  Ward:  B.  C.  Thompson,  R.  B.  Swayze;  Ninth  Ward: 

B.  F.  Miller. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  from  May  1st,  1900,  H.  J.  Babcock, 
J.  C.  Boyd,  L.  M.  Davis,  J.  B.  Boatner. 
Harrisonburg,  population  303. 

CLAIBORNE. 

Y65  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1828;  population,  23,029;  seat  of 
justice.  Homer. 

Drew  Ferguson .Clerk  of  District  Court 

J.  H.  KiRKPATRicK Sheriff 

J.  E.  Knighton Coroner 

Surveyor 

Jno.  R.  Phipps Tax  Assessor 

President  Board  of  Education,  J.  C.  Moore,  Howell, 

Superintendent  Board  of  Education,  E.  H.  McClendon,  Howell. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward :  C.  M.  Davidson ;  Second  Ward :  B.  F. 
Collier;  Third  Ward:  J.  A.  Seegers;  Fourth  Ward:  W.  M.  Alexander; 
Fifth  Ward:  A.  H.  Wilburn;  Sixth  Ward:  H.  H  Coleman;  Seventh 
Ward:  Geo.  Gill;  Eighth  Ward:  W.  A.  Melton;  Ninth  Ward:  J.  C. 
Meadows. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  E.  E.  Monzingo;  Second 
Ward :  0.  A.  Smith ;  Third  Ward :  R.  F.  Harvey,  S.  B.  Baueum ;  Fourth 
Ward:  W.  C.  Hanicter;  Fifth  Ward:  F.  P.  Morgan;  Sixth  Ward:  G. 
W.  Dobbins ;  Seventh  Ward :  G.  G.  Gill ;  Eighth  Ward :  R.  T.  McClen- 
don; Ninth  Ward:  F.  M.  McClelland;  Tenth  Ward:  B.  F.  Beard. 

Constables — First  Ward:  J.  M.  Anderson;  Second  Ward:  S.  S. 
Smith;  Third  Ward:  J.  L.  Garrett,  C.  D.  Worley;  Fourth  Ward:  T.  O. 
Maddry;  Fifth  Ward:  E.  E.  Simmons;  Sixth  Ward:  D.  B.  Landers; 
Seventh  Ward:  C.  H.  Lewis,  L.  B.  Robinson;  Eighth  Ward:  L.  J.  Car- 
uthers;  Ninth  Ward:  D.  C.  Cater. 

Homer,  population  1,157. 

CONCORDIA. 

620  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1807;  population,  13,559;  seat  of 
justice,  Vidalia. 

C.  C.  Campbell Clerk  of  District  Court 

H.  H.  Gillespm Sheriff 


402  PARISH  OFFICERS^  LIST  OF  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS,  ETC. 

M.  C.  Reeves Coroner 

Surveyor 

R.  L.  Castleman Tax  Assessor 

N.  M.  Calhoun Atty.  to  assist  Tax  Collector 

President  Board  of  Education,  R.  L.  Castleman,  L'Argent. 

Superintendent  Board  of  Education,  J.  E.  Schiele,  Vidalia. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  L.  Lemeunicr;  Second  Ward:  J.  G. 
Clauffhton ;  Third  Ward :  Dr.  J.  W.  Walker ;  Fourth  Ward :  J.  P.  Fagan ; 
Fifth  Ward:  J.  II.  Ohlsen;  Sixth  Ward;  D.  Snyder;  Seventh  Ward:  W. 
H.  Hudnall;  Eighth  Ward:  A.  T.  Caloit;  Ninth  Ward:  J.  S.  Gaynor; 
Tenth  Ward:  H.  B.  Nugent. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  W.  L.  Shaw;  Second  Ward: 
D.  A.  Tugler;  Third  Ward:  G.  G.  Barker;  Fourth  Ward:  H.  King;  Fifth 
Ward:  L.  Kernald;  Sixth  Ward:  J.  C.  Pierce;  Seventh  Ward:  J.  T. 
Lytic;  Eighth  Ward:  C.  II.  Hester;  Ninth  Ward:  P.  A.  B.  Warren; 
Tenth  Ward:  R.  P.  Holland,  S.  P.  Magoun;  Eleventh  Ward:  E.  P. 
Campbell. 

Constables— First  Ward:  J.  R.  Bidwell:  Third  Ward:  T.  D.  Barker; 
Fourth  Ward:  S.  Thomas;  Fifth  Ward:  J.  Vaughn;  Sixth  Ward:  A.  W. 
Thomas;  Seventh  Ward:  A.  J.  Ragland;  Eighth  Ward:  H.  Hester;  Ninth 
Ward:  W.  H.  Mount;  Tenth  Ward:  H.  B.  White,  T.  J.  Williams; 
Eleventh  Ward :  J.  W.  Rountree. 

Notaries  Purltc — Appointed  from  May  1st,  1900,  N.  M.  Calhoun. 

Vidalia,  population  1,022. 

• 
DESOTO.  . 

856  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1843;  population,  25,063;  seat  of 
justice,  Mansfield. 

A.  M.  Rives Clerk  of  District  Court 

W.  T.  Peoues Sheriff 

Dr.  S.  T.  Walker Coroner 

L.   H.   Bell Surveyor 

W.  B.  Hewitt Tax  Assessor 

President  Board  of  Education,  Wm.  Goss,  Mansfield. 

Superintendent  Board  of  Education,  W.  C.  Scott,  Kingston. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  J.  D.  Williams;  Second  Ward:  T.  C. 
Middleton;  Third  Ward:  J.  J.  Gardner;  Fourth  Ward;  W.  R.  Jackson; 
Fifth  Ward:  W.  W.  Williams;  Sixth  Ward:  R.  F.  Scott;  Seventh  Ward: 
L.  M.  Rambin;  Eighth  Ward:  L.  L.  Whitton. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  S.  F.  Talbert,  N.  B.  Williams; 
Second  Ward:  T.  A.  Adams;  Third  Ward:  G.  M.  Norris;  Fourth  Ward: 
J.  Meadows.  T.  G.  Pegues;  Fifth  Ward:  J.  F.  Smith;  Sixth  Ward: 
E  .R.  Fortsnn.  E.  E.  Scott:  Seventh  Ward:  J.  E.  Robinson,  P.  L.  Bar- 
ron; Eighth  Ward:  J.  K.  Pyle,  J.  R.  Nash. 

Constables — First  Ward:  W.  B.  Peyton,  Jr.;  J.  A.  Sinclair;  Second 


PARISH  OFFICERS^  LIST  OF  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS^  ETC.  405 

Ward:  J.  M.  Lafitte;  Third  Ward:  C.  N.  Baker;  Fourth  Ward:  W.  M. 
Howell,  H.  G.  May;  Fifth  Ward:  Geo.  Hungerbuler ;  Sixth  Ward:  S. 
Phipps,  T.  T.  Scott;  Seventh  Ward:  D.  E.  Nance,  C.  A.  Rambin;  Eighth 
Ward:  N.  P.  Tanner,  D.  T.  Fletcher. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  from  May  1st,  1900,  M.  G.  Nelson, 
G.  M.  Norris,  J.  M.  Hudson,  N.  B.  Williams,  Wm.  H.  Smith. 

Mansfield,  population  847;  Grand  Cane,  385. 

EAST  BATON  ROUGE. 

395  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1807;  population,  31,153;  seat  of 
justice.  Baton  Eouge. 

W.  G.  Randolph Clerk  of  District  Court 

J.  T.  Young Sheriff 

T.  P.  Slngletary Coroner 

Surveyor 

E.  L.  WooDSiDE Tax  Assessor 

President  Board  of  Education,  R.  A.  Hart,  Baton  Rouge. 

Superintendent  Board  of  Education,  R.  C.  Gordon,  Baton  Rouge. 

Police  Jurors — iirst  Ward:  I.  Pujol,  Jos.  Pino;  Second  Ward: 
T.  S.  Alexander,  0.  Kondert;  Third  Ward:  J.  S.  Rodriguez;  Fourth 
Ward:  R.  T.  Y.  Louden,  T.  N.  Samuel;  Fifth  Ward:  W.  A.  Cook;  Sixth 
Ward:  D.  A.  Robertson;  Seventh  Ward:  J.  W.  Hillman;  Eighth  Ward: 
H.  F.  Von  Phul,  Sr.;  Ninth  Ward:  W.  J.  Sharp;  Tenth  Ward:  W.  D. 
Haralson. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  ;  Second  Ward: 

;  Third  Ward:  H.  Cannence;  Fourth  Ward:  J.  H.  Mon- 

tegudo,  J.  A.  Hyce;  Fifth  Ward:  W.  A.  Craig;  Sixth  Ward:  A.  A. 
Landry;  Seventh  Ward:  Geo.  Mundinger;  Eighth  Ward:  H.  F.  Von 
Phul,  Jr.,  J.  C.  Grabert;  Ninth  Ward:  Wm.  Stokes;  Tenth  Ward:  H. 
R.  Gerald. 

Constables — First  Ward:  ;  Second  Ward:  ; 

Third   Ward:   ;    Fourth   Ward:    C.   Hoffman,   A.   B.   Brian; 

Fifth  Ward:  W.  S.  Barksdale;  Sixth  Ward:  E.  J.  Roberts;  Seventh 
Ward:  M.  J.  Germany;  Eighth  Ward:  P.  Arceneaux,  A.  A,  Miller; 
Ninth  Ward:  W.  S.  Martin;  Tenth  Ward:  P.  E.  Lavigne. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  from  May  1st,  1900,  D.  H.  Cross;  C. 
A.  Bergeron,  T.  A.  Moore. 

Baton  Rouge,  population  11,269;  Zachary,  465. 

EAST  CARROLL. 

400  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1877;  population,  11,373;  seat  of 
justice.  Lake  Providence. 

G.  F.  Blackburn Clerk  of  District  Court 

J.  W.  Dunn Sheriff 


406  PARISH  OFFICERS^  LIST  OF  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS,  ETC. 

W.  E.  Long Coroner 

— Surveyor 

W.  C.  McRae Tax  Assessor 

President  Board  of  Education,  T.  J.  Powell,  Lake  Providence. 

Superintendent  Board  of  Education,  C.  R.  Egelly,  Lake  Providence. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  P..  Nicholson;  Second  Ward:  W.  C. 
Hope;  Third  Ward:  P.  McGuire;  Fourth  Ward:  A.  M.  Nilson;  Fifth 
Ward:  T.  W.  Joy. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  J.  B.  Beard,  W.  H.  Dickerson; 
Second  Ward:  C.  H.  Webb;  Third  Ward:  D.  W.  Gilmour,  C.  R.  Egelly; 
Fourth  Ward:  E.  Stockner;  Fifth  Ward:  Jno.  Ridings. 

Constables — First  Ward:  C.  McGinnis,  J.  Iliggins;  Second  Ward: 
Barney  Coun;  Third  Ward:  W.  A.  Blount,  Jr.,  W.  H.  Hunter;  Fourth 
Ward:  J.  R.  Brown;  Fifth  Ward:  J.  Foreman. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  from  May  1st,  1900,  Chas.  R.  Egelly. 

Lake  Providence,  population  1,256. 


EAST  FELICIANA. 

450  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1811;  population  20,443;  seat  of 
justice,  Clinton. 

J.  L.  Cravens Clerk  of  District  Court 

T.  B.  Bennett Sheriff 

F.    Thompson Coroner 

T.  W.  Young Surveyor 

C.  R.  Lemon Tax  Assessor 

President  Board  of  Education,  . 

Superintendent  Board  of  Education,  A.  E.  Miller,  Wilson. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  H.  D.  Moore;  Second  Ward:  A.  J. 
Hansey;  Third  Ward:  C.  F.  Reiley;  Fourth  Ward:  J.  R.  Freeman;  Fifth 
Ward:  J.  Israel;  Sixth  Ward:  M.  T.  Nesone;  Seventh  Ward:  W.  L 
Ratliffe;  Eighth  Ward:  L.  S.  Talbert. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  A.  E.  Carter,  D.  C.  Johnston; 
Second  Ward:  A.  Cook;  Third  Ward:  M.  Gilmore,  W.  F.  Norsworthy; 
Fourth  Ward :  E.  P.  Andrews,  J.  G.  Dubon ;  Fifth  Ward :  J.  A.  White, 
J.  E.  Irvin;  Sixth  Ward:  L.  G.  Dawson;  Seventh  Ward:  C.  P.  Delee; 
Eighth  Ward :  R.  T.  Jackson. 

Constables — First  Ward:  J.  P.  Pearson,  E.  Williams;  Second  Ward: 
S.  Turner;  Third  Ward:  A.  Mulkey,  C.  G.  Allen;  Fourth  Ward:  C. 
Palmer,  H.  S.  White;  Fifth  Ward:  M.  J.  Nettles,  C.  L.  Ross;  Sixth 
Ward:  A.  H.  Carroll;  Seventh  Ward:  J.  Gallout;  Eighth  Ward:  A.  T. 
White. 

Notaries  Piislic — Appointed  from  May  1st,  1900. 

Clinton,  population  960;  Jackson,  2,012;  Slaughter,  259;  Wilson, 
470. 


m 


PARISH  OFFICKRS,  LIST  OF  I'RINCIPAL  TOWNS,  ETC.  407 

FEANKLIN. 

550  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1843;  population,  8,890;  seat  of 
justice,  Winnsborough. 

H.  J.  Lea Clerk  of  District  Court 

W.   H.   Adams Sheriff 

J.   L.   Deuson Coroner 

B.  W.  Leigh Surveyor 

J.  W.  WoMBLE Tax  Assessor 

President  Board  of  Education,  H.  H.  Buie,  Fort  Necessity. 

Superintendent  Board  of  Education,  J.  W.  Denson,  Cowville. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  H.  M.  Watson;  Second  Ward:  S.  L. 
Eichardson;  Third  Ward:  S.  IL  Cordill;  Fourth  Ward:  J.  S.  Copeland; 
Fifth  Ward:  J.  H.  Baker;  Sixth  Ward:  W.  Cummings;  Seventh  Ward: 
R.  M.  Steele;  Eighth  Ward:  S.  I.  Pippin;  Ninth  Ward:  W.  M.  Kincaire. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  F.  J.  Hubert;  Second  Ward: 

C.  H.  Gill,  H.  A.  Lewis;  Third  Ward:  W.  B.  Diamond;  Fourth  Ward: 
G.  W.  Hodge;  Fifth  Ward:  L.  E.  Rundel;  Sixth  Ward:  M.  W.  Lord; 
Seventh  Ward:  J.  M.  King;  Eighth  Ward:  J.  O.  Wiggins;  Ninth  Ward: 
W,  M.  Kincaire. 

Constables — First  Ward:  W.  P.  Byrne;  Second  Ward:  O.  E, 
Kenney,  L.  M.  Llearkey;  Third  Ward:  L.  A.  Osborne;  Fourth  Ward: 
T.  A.  Bradley;  Fifth  Ward:  N.  McEacham;  Sixth  Ward:  M.  M.  Lord; 
Seventh  Ward :  W.  A.  Tucker ;  Eighth  Ward :  J.  T.  McClellan. 

Notary  Public — Appointed  from  May  1st,  1900,  C.  A.  Gill. 

Winnsboro,  population  . 

GEANT. 

578  square  miles ;  incorporated  in  1869 ;  population,  12,902 ;  seat  of 
justice,  Colfax.  * 

J.  J.  O'QuiN Clerk  of  District  Court 

M,  E.  SwAFFORD Sheriff 

W.  Smith  Coroner 

Surveyor 

J.  A.  Harvey Tax  Assessor 

J.  L,  Fletcher Atty.  to  assist  Tax  Collector 

President  J^oard  of  Education,  R.  S.  Cameron,  Colfax. 

Superintendent  Board  of  Education,  J.  A.  Williams,  Colfax. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  J.  H.  McNeely;  Second  Ward:  E.  L. 
Stuckey;  Third  Ward:  B.  F.  Lewis;  Fourth  Ward:  J.  E.  Nugent;  Fifth 
Ward:  T.  M.  Bradford;  Sixth  Ward:  M.  L.  Spikes;  Seventh  Ward:  A. 
C.  Teddlie. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  F.  B.  Dean,  J.  Q.  Long;  Sec- 
ond Ward:  M.  O'Quinn,  O.  A.  Tison;  Third  Ward:  Jack  Frost;  Fourth 


408  PARISH  OFFICERS,  LIST  OF  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS,  ETC. 

Ward:  J.  Clark;  Fifth  Ward:  I.  Nugent;  Sixth  Ward:  J.  B.  Lyman; 
Seventh  Ward:  E.  W.  Horn,  E.  S.  Garute. 

Constables — First  Ward:  G.  M.  Dean,  J.  V.  Carnahan;  Second 
Ward:  C.  McGee,  Lee  Tyson;  Third  Ward:  W.  Frazer;  Fourth  Ward: 
W.  Starling;  Fifth  Ward:  J.  P.  Wooten;  Sixth  Ward:  H.  A.  Eoshto; 
Seventh  Ward :  H.  F.  McManus,  T.  H.  Harrell. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  from  May  1st,  1900,  W.  B.  Clark,  J. 
W.  Dunn,  S.  Patterson,  Jack  Frost,  J.  A.  Pinkerton. 

Colfax,  population  190 ;  Montgomery,  158 ;  Pollock,  637. 

IBEELA.. 

536  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1868;  population,  29,015;  seat  of 
justice.  New  Ibearia. 

J.  G.  LeBlanc Clerk  of  District  Court 

Geo.   Henderson. Sheriff 

G.  P.  Minville Coroner 

L.  S.  Frere Tax  Assessor 

Surveyor 

President  Board  of  Education,  J.  B.  Lawton,  New  Iberia. 

Superintendent  Board  of  Education,  L.  O.  Hacker,  New  Iberia. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  A.  Gonlas;  Second  Ward:  H.  Boutte; 
Third  Ward:  A.  Decuir;  Fourth  Ward:  F.  Deeourt;  Fifth  Ward:  P. 
Eomero;  Sixth  Ward:  H.  Oette,  J.  P.  Suberbielle;  Seventh  Ward:  E. 
Delcambre;  Eighth  Ward:  J.  F.  Brittain. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — Fir.^t  Ward:  E.  C.  Landry;  Second  Ward: 
J.  J.  Vidrinne:  Third  Ward:  J.  A.  Babin;  Fourth  Ward:  J.  E.  Prince; 
Fifth  Ward:  H.  Freeman:  Sixth  Ward:  E.  Brown;  W.  L.  Grant;  Sev- 
enth Ward:  J.  D.  Carter:  Eishth  Ward:  T.  D.  Fay.  F.  P.  Schxnaydre. 

Constables — ^First  Ward:  C.  Lvon;  Second  Ward:  D.  Louriere; 
Third  Ward:  E.  Decuir;  Fourth  Ward:  C.  Boutte;  Fifth  Ward:  D. 
Eomero:  Sixth  Ward:  C.  C.  Palfrey;  Seventh  Ward:  S.  Miguez;  Eighth 
Ward :  A.  F.  Petifils,  A.  Mouret. 

Notaries  Public— Appointed  from  May  1st,  1900,  A.  Gary,  F.  Voor- 
hies,  A.  Eenoudet,  D.  W.  Voorhies,  A.  D.  Foster. 

New  Iberia,  population  6,815 ;  Jeanerette,  1,905 ;  Erath,  215. 

IBEEVILLE. 

646  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1807;  population,  27,006;  seat  of 
justice,  Plaquemine. 

J.  A.  Grace Clerk  of  District  Court 

A.  A.  Brown Sheriff 

Dr.  M.  E.  Barker Coroner 

Surveyor 

A.  Landry Tax  Assessor 


PARISH  OFFICERS^  LIST  OF  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS,  ETC  409 

President  Board  of  Education,  Dr.  W.  A.  Holloway,  Rosedale. 

Superintendent  Board  of  Education,  C.  K.  Schwing,  Plaquemine. 

Police  Jurors — Eirst  Ward:  W.  Jeiferson,  T.  Supple;  Second  Ward: 
A.  H.  Gay,  Sr.;  Third  Ward:  J.  Wilbert;  Eourth  Ward:  J.  I.  Brown; 
Fifth  Ward:  A.  Gueymard;  Sixth  Ward:  W.  B.  Eobertson;  Seventh 
Ward:  J.  S.  Bargas;  Eighth  Ward:  E.  D.  Dardenue;  Ninth  Ward:  P. 
S.  Lorio. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  G.  H.  Cretian;  V.  Sauvage; 
Second  Ward:  O.  D.  Arhour;  Third  Ward:  M.  L.  Levy,  C.  E.  Dupuy; 
Fourth  Ward :  E.  W.  Hoffman ;  Fifth  AVard :  T.  H.  Davis ;  Sixth  Ward : 
J.  W.  Brown;  Seventh  Ward:  W.  C.  Jourdan;  Eighth  Ward:  A.  Temp- 
let; Ninth  Ward:  J.  B.  Wolfolk,  Jr. 

Constables — First   Ward:   E.   A.   Vigier,   J.   Ray;    Second   Ward: 

;    Third    Ward:    G.    Petit,    N.    Neveaux;    Fourth   Ward:    J. 

Johnson ;    Fifth    Ward :    ■_ ;    Sixth    Ward :    L.    Marconneaux ; 

Seventh  Ward:   S.  W.   Jefferson;  Eighth  Ward:    S.  R.   Sparks;   Nintli 
Ward:  A.  Scott. 

Notaries  Public — x\ppointpd  from  May  1st,  1900: — 

Plaquemine,  population   3,590;  Whitecastle,   1,850. 

JACKSON. 

576  square  miles ;  incorporated  in  1845 ;  population,  9,119 ;  seat  of 
justice,  Vernon. 

E.  C.  Culpepper Clerk  of  District  Court 

J.  M.  McDowell Sheriff 

C.   L.    Culpepper Coroner 

Surveyor 

W.  H.  Allen Tax  Assessor 

President  Board  of  Education,  P.  L.  Jordan,  Daily. 
Superintendent  of  Board  of  Education,  N.  M.   Smith,  Vernon. 
Police  Jurors — Eirst  Ward:  W.  M.  C.  Cockrell;  Second  Ward:  R. 

F.  McBride;   Third  Ward:   C.  W.  Allen;   Fourth  Ward:   E.   C.  Kidd; 
Fifth  Ward :  W.  G.  Griggs. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — Eirst  Ward:  I.  Canady;  Second  Ward: 
W.  A.  Donahoo;  Third  Ward:  J.  T.  Shepherd;  Fourth  Ward:  H.  W. 
Sherrard ;  Fifth  Ward :  S.  B.  Smith. 

Constables — First  Ward:  J.  L.  Joiner;  Second  Ward:  C.  E.  Cul- 
pepper; Third  Ward:  F.  E.  Bond;  Fourth  Ward:  M.  Wages;  Fifth  Ward: 
J.  H.  Womack. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  from  May  1st,  1900,  W.  C.  McDonald. 

J.  x^.  JEFFERSON. 

President  -D-  -"orporated  in  1825;  population,  15,321;  seat  of 

Superintendent  hi/u^^ 

'^I'-rk  of  District  Court 


410  PARISH  OFFICEKS,  LIST  OF  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS^  ETC. 

L.  H.  Marrero Sheriff 

S.  D.  GrsTiNE Coroner 

Surveyor 

K.  A.  BuRSLEV Tax  Assessor 

President  Board  of  Education,  M.  Wall,  Amesville. 

Superintendent  Board  of  Education,  F.  A.  Middleton,  McDonough- 
ville. 

Police  Jitrors — First  Ward:  H.  Hart;  Second  Ward:  J.  Spiess; 
Third  Ward:  J.  Ehret;  Fourth  Ward:  W.  Rebantisch;  Fifth  Ward: 
E.  P,  Brady;  Six'h  Ward:  H.  Gardey;  Seventh  Ward:  C.  Flory;  Eighth 
Ward:  V.  Eetz;  Ninth  Ward:  F.  L.  St.  Martin. 

JrsTREs  OF  THE  Peace — First  Ward:  C.  W.  Rossner,  Jr.;  Second 
Ward:  A.  Marrero;  Third  Ward:  V.  Kerner;  Fourth  Ward:  H.  Lange; 
Fifth  Ward :  L.  F.  Arnault ;  Sixth  Ward,  W.  J.  Adam. 

Constables — First  Ward:  C.  Dauenhauer;  Second  Ward:  J.  P. 
Davis;  Third  Ward:  J.  Groff;  Fourth  Ward:  A.  Polky;  Fifth  Ward: 
C.  Root ;  Sixth  Ward :  J.  Ledou. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  fmm  May  l=t,  1900,  L.  A.  Marrero. 

Gretna  population.  ;  Ivenner  population,  1,253. 


LAFAYETTE. 

262  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1825;  population  22,825;  seat  of 
justice,  Lafayette. 

E.  G.  VooRHiES Clerk  of  District  Court 

I.  A.  Broussard Sheriff 

Dr.  J.  MouTON    Coroner 

Surveyor 

A.  M.  Martin  T&x  Assessor 

.) .  Mouton   Attorney  to  assist  Tax  Collector 

President  Board  of  Education,  A.  Olivier,  Broussardville. 

Superintendent  Board  of  Education,  L.  J.  Allerman,  Lafayette. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  A.  Lacey;  Second  Ward:  A.  M.  Brous- 
sard; Third  Ward:  F.  G.  Mouton,  J.  C.  Buchanan;  Fourth  Ward:  J.  O. 
Blanchet;  Fifth  Ward:  M.  Billeaud,  Jr.;  Sixth  Ward:  S.  Broussard; 
Seventh  Ward:  J.  A.  Labbe;  Eighth  Ward:  J.  W^hittington. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  G.  Mouton;  Second  Ward:  H. 
Wagner;  Third  Ward:  C.  G.  Bienvenu,  H.  Monnier;  Fourth  Ward:  J.  0. 
Savoy,  E.  Parent;  Fifth  Ward:   S.  Greig;  Sixth  Ward:  J.  J.  Cousson, 

F.  Abbadie;  Sevfith  Ward:  FL  D.  Verrot ;  Eighth  Ward:  C.  Breaux. 

Constables-  -First  Ward:  A.  Chaison;  Second  Ward:  A.  Cum\ 
mmgs;  Third  Ward:  L.  Hirsch;  T.  Mouton;  Fourth  Ward:  T..T. Sheriff 

K.  Blanchet;   Fifth  Ward:  A.  P.  Labbe;   Sixth  Ward: Coroner 

Babineaux ;  Seventh  Ward  :  E.  Comeaux ;  Eighth. T.' Surveyor 

Notaries  Public — A^roin+.-^d  frorp.  ?.'^:. Tax  Assessor 


PARISH  OFFICERS,  LIST  OF  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS,  ETC.  411 

E.  Parent,  S.  Greig,  H.  Wagner,  C.  F.  Latiolais,  Ben.  F.  Flanders,  H.  A. 
Vander  Cruysson,  J.  L.  Kennedy. 

Lafayette,  population  3,314;  Carencro,  445;  Broussard,  290;  Youngs- 
ville,  200. 

LAFOURCHE. 

1,023  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1807;  population  28,822;  seat  of 
justice,  Thibodeaux. 

C.  J.  Barker Clerk  of  District  Court 

J.  Beary  Sheriff 

Dr.  H.  J.  Price  Coroner 

Surveyor 

E.  E.  MoRVANT   Tax  Assessor 

President  Board  of  Education,  T.  A.  Stack,  Thibodeaux. 

Superintendent  Board  of  Education,  T.  A.  Badeaux,  Thibodeaux. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  J.  L.  Basset;  Second  Ward:  J.  L. 
Aucoin;  Third  Ward:  C.  J.  Guedry;  Fourth  Ward:  H.  Morvant;  Fifth 
Ward:  E.  U.  Morvant;  Sixth  Ward:  L.  Rodrigue;  Seventh  Ward:  A. 
Theriot;  Eighth  Ward:  F.  Falgout;  ISTinth  Ward:  J.  L.  LeBlanc; 
Tenth  Ward :  F.  P.  Parra. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  A,  E.  Hoffman;  Second  Ward: 
C.  A.  Engerran,  O.  L.  Caro;  Third  Ward:  E.  P.  Bernard;  Fourth 
Ward:  G.  Aubat,  Jr.;  Fifth  Ward:  J.  B.  Bourgeois;  Sixth  Ward:  J. 
Meyer;  Seventh  Ward:  A.  J.  Lasseigne;  Eighth  Ward:  M.  Bourgeois; 
Ninth  Ward:  E.  F.  Munnier;  Tenth  Ward:  A.  Cretien. 

Constables — First  Ward:  C.  Brand;  Second  Ward:  A.  Rogers,  M. 
Dupre;  Third  Ward:  J.  D.  Bernard;  Fourth  Ward:  J.  S.  Barker;  Fifth 
Ward:  D.  L.  Lapeyrouse;  Sixth  Ward:  J.  L.  Rodrigue;  Seventh  Ward: 
A.  Ago;  Eighth  Ward:  Bud  White;  Ninth  Ward:  A.  Savoie;  Tenth 
Ward :  J.  Remont. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  from  May  1st,  1900,  R.  Williamson, 
C.  J.  Conlon,  G.  Abribat,  Jr.,  C.  S.  Larkins. 

Thibodeaux,  population  3,253;    Lockport,  411. 

LINCOLN. 

485  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1873;  population  15,898;  seat  of 
justice,  Ruston. 

J.  W.  Williams Clerk  of  District  Court 

F.  B.  FiNLEY Sheriff 

S.   L.   White Coroner 

Surveyor 

J.  R.  Heard Tax  Assessor 

President  Board  of  Education,  L.  J.  Bell,  Chondrant. 
Superintendent  Board  of  Education,  W.  E.  Redwine,  Redwine, 


413  PARISH  OFFICERS,  LIST  OF  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS,  ETC. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  James  H.  Deloney,  J.  L.  Bond;  Second 
Ward:  G.  W.  Dye;  Third  Ward:  D.  S.  Aswell;  Fourth  Ward:  J.  T.  M. 
Hancock;  Fifth  Ward:  J.  C.  Jones;  Sixth  Ward:  H.  Driggers. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  S.  M.  Lewis;  Second  Ward: 
T.  R.  Colvin;  Third  Ward:  A.  Gullatt;  Fourth  Ward:  J.  H.  Frasier; 
Fifth  Ward:  T.  J.  Ford;  Sixth  Ward:  T.  L.  Waugh;  Seventh  Ward:  S. 
P.  Foster. 

Constables — First  Ward:  D.  E.  Colvin;  Second  Ward:  T.  J.  Field; 
Third  Ward:  T.  W.  Madden;  Fourth  Ward:  J.  T.  Gonies;  Fifth  Ward: 
J.  E.  Goodgion;  Sixth  Ward:  S.  E.  Heard;  Seventh  Ward:  A.  N.  K 
Young. 

Notaries  Public— Appointed  from  May  1st,  1900,  F.  F.  Stephens, 
J.  D.  Barksdale. 

Ruston,  population  1,324. 

LIVINGSTON. 

575  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1832;  population  8,100;  seat  of 
justice,  Springville. 

M.  Cooper  Clerk  of  District  Court 

L.  D.  Allen SherifE 

T.  B.  Odom   Coroner 

Surveyor 

T.  A.  Sallassi Tax  Assessor 

President  Board  of  Education,  J.  M.  Flolden,  Springville. 

Superintendent  Board  of  Education,  B.  W.  Benefield,  Maurepas. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  P.  R.  Erwin;  Second  Ward:  B.  R. 
Lockhard;  Third  Ward:  J.  Aydel;  Fourth  Ward:  A.  D.  Starns;  Fifth 
Ward:  P.  Vickner;  Sixth  Ward:  Y.  C.  Richardson;  Seventh  Ward: 
R.  H.  Harris;  Eighth  Ward:  A.  J.  Lard;  Ninth  Ward:  G.  W.  Watts; 
Tenth  Ward:  J.  W.  Settoon. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  T.  S.  Carroll,  S.  B.  Easterly; 
Second  Ward:  S.  S.  Dixon;  Third  Ward:  F.  F.  Stephens;  Fourth  Ward: 
W.  B.  Durbin;  Fifth  Ward:  D.  W.  Settoon;  Sixth  Ward,  W.  B. 
Mclntyre;  Seventh  Ward:  N.  Felder;  Eighth  Ward:  J.  W.  Whitehead; 
Ninth  Ward:  D.  M.  Easley;  Tenth  Ward:  J.  S.  Kimball. 

Constables — First  Ward:  D.  E.  Covington;  Second  Ward:  L. 
Brown;  Third  Ward:  J.  P.  Salassi;  Fourth  Ward:  R.  Purvis;  Fifth 
Ward :  J.  A.  Degen ;  Sixth  Ward :  J.  B.  Simeon ;  Seventh  Ward :  W.  B. 
SutcliiTe;  Eighth  Ward:  C.  E.  Mizell;  Ninth  Ward:  J.  B.  Davidson; 
Tenth  Ward :  W.  T.  Schroeder. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  from  May  1st,  1900,  W.  J.  Settoon,  N. 
Feeder,  J.  F.  Robertson. 

Springfield  population, . 


PARISH  OFFICERS,  LIST  OF  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS,  ETC.  413 

MADISON. 

670  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1839;  population  12,332;  seat  of 
justice,  Tallulah. 

W.  H.  Harvey Clerk  of  District  Court 

C.  H.  Lucas Sheriff  and  Ex-officio  Tax  Collector 

G.  H.  Ogbourne Coroner 

Surveyor 

George  Spencer   Tax  Assessor 

President  Board  of  Education,  N.  Kahn,  Milliken  Bend. 

Superintendent  Board  of  Education,  G.  M.  Long,  Delta. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  S.  H.  James;  Second  Ward:  H.  M. 
Floyd;  Third  Ward:  A.  J.  Sevier;  Fourth  Ward:  W.  M.  Scott;  Fifth 
Ward:  J.  A.  Coltharp;  Sixth  Ward:  A.  B.  Armstrong;  Seventh  Ward: 
G.  W.  Jordan. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  J.  S.  Wilkinson;  Second  Ward: 
J.  T.  McFarland;  Third  Ward:  J.  Witherow;  Fourth  Ward:  H.  M.  Hazel; 
Fifth  Ward:  W.  Caison;  Sixth  Ward:  T.  B.  Barmore;  Seventh  Ward: 

E.  B.  Halford. 

Constables — First  Ward:  N.  Privot,  A.  T.  Cook;  Second  Ward: 
J.  N.  Porterfield;  Third  Ward:  E.  M.  Yerger;  Fourth  Ward:  P.  H. 
Hebert;  Fifth  Ward:  F.  Carson;  Sixth  Ward:  O.  B.  Barmore;  Seventh 
Ward:  W.  W.  Johnson. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  from  May  1st,  1900,  O.  Hebert. 

Tallullah,  population ;  Delta, . 

MOREHOUSE. 

760  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1844;  population  16,634;  seat  of 
justice,  Bastrop. 

G.  W.  Naff       Clerk  of  District  Court 

W.  H.  Hampton Sheriff  and  Ex-oificio  Tax  Collector 

W.  R.  McCreight   Coroner 

Surveyor 

R.   B.   Todd,  Jr Tax  Assessor 

F.  M.  Odom Attorney  to  assist  Tax  Collector 

President  Board  of  Education,  W.  T.  Barham,  Oak  Ridge. 

Superintendent  Board  of  Education,  W.  A.  Harriston,  Bastrop. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  D.  B.  Spyker;  Second  Ward:  W.  Day; 
Third  Ward:  D.  Pickett;  Fourth  Ward:  J.  R.  Broadnax;  Fifth  Ward: 
J.  S.  Rolfe;  Sixth  Ward:  D.  E.  Ivey;  Seventh  Ward:  V.  H.  Brodnax; 
Eighth  Ward:  G.  M.  Patton;  Ninth  Ward:  Geo.  W.  Westbrook;  Tenth 
Ward:  W.  R.  Brinckley. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  S.  T.  Morgan;  Second  Ward: 
E.  W.  Scales;  Third  Ward:  R.  L.  Ballard;  Fourth  Ward:  G.  A.  Lee, 
J.  D.  Turpin;  Fifth  Ward:   F.  M.  Tucker,  F.   0.   Summerlin;   Sixth 


414  PARISH  OFFICERS^  LIST  OF  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS,  ETC. 

Ward:  H.  L.  McFarland;  Seventh  Ward:  W.  E.  Sisson;  Ninth  Ward: 
;  Tenth  Ward:  J.  L.  Buatt. 

Constables— First  Ward:  J.  W.  Jones;  Second  Ward:  W.  J.  Spear; 

Third  Ward: ;  Fourth  Ward:  W.  M.  Taylor;  Fifth 

Ward:  T.  Files,  W.  O.  Files;  Sixth  W^ard:  W.  D.  Todd;  Seventh  Ward: 

J.  G.  Smith;  Eighth  Ward:  G.  A.  Petcrkin;  Ninth  Ward:  

Tenth  Ward:  W.  D.  Higginbotham. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  from  May  1st,  1900,  J.  L.  Buatt. 

Bastrop  population,  787 ;  Mer  Rouge,  465 ;  Oak  Ridge,  348. 

NATCHITOCHES. 

1200  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1807;  population  33,216;  seat  of 
justice,  Natchitoches. 

H.  M.  Hyams Clerk  of  District  Court 

J.  W.  Freeman Sheriff  and  Ex-officio  Tax  Collector 

F.   T.   Gallion I. Coroner 

Surveyor 

F.  F.  Porter Tax  Assessor 

N.  T.  Smith Attorney  to  assist  Tax  Collector 

President  Board  of  Education,  R  B.  Hollingsworth,  Natchitoches. 

Superintendent  Board  of  Education,  U.  P.  Breazeale,  Natchitoches. 

Police  Jurors— First  Ward:  G.  W.  Kile;  Second  Ward:  J.  R. 
Weaver;  Third  Ward:  E.  A.  Fourtz;  Fourth  Ward:  J.  T.  Clark;  Fifth 
Ward:  R.  J.  W.  Knott;   Sixth  Ward:  J.  C.  Hughes;   Seventh  Ward: 

C.  A.  Presley;  Eighth  Ward:  A.  R.  Dowden;  Ninth  Ward:  F.  A.  Cloutier; 
Tenth  Ward:  W.  H.  Russell. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  A.  H.  Lecompte,  C.  H.  Levy; 
Second  Ward:  D.  M.  Simmons,  M.  O.  Gunter;  Third  Ward:  J.  R. 
Murphy;  Fourth  Ward:  J.  E.  Prudhomme,  A.  L.  Deblieux;  Fifth  Ward: 
J.  J.  Horton,  L.  E.  Prothro;  Sixth  Ward:  J.  E.  Keegan,  T.  J.  Welch; 
Seventh  Ward:  R.  A.  Hawthorne,  A.  C.  Presly;  Eighth  Ward:  J.  W. 
Tobin;  Ninth  Ward:  H.  D.  Beale,  J.  A.  Lathier;  Tenth  Ward:  R. 
Rachel,  F.  Robertson. 

Constables— First  Ward:  T.  W.  Ford,  C.  M.  Perot;  Second  Ward: 
M.  Walker,  W.  F.  Terrell;  Third  Ward:  W.  E.  Clark;  Fourth  Ward: 
T.  J.  Hart,  L.  E.  Plaisance;  Fifth  Ward:  S.  R.  Woodruff,  T.  G.  Crump; 
Sixth  Ward:  D.  C.  Keegan,  W.  C.  Hendrick;  Seventh  Ward:  G.  A.  Lee, 

D.  T.  Treadway;  Eighth  Ward:  J.  Beasley;  Ninth  Ward:  P.  A.  Prud- 
homme, C.  C.  O'Quinn ;  Tenth  Ward :  F.  Valery,  P.  Brosett. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  from  May  1st,  1900,  P.  S.  Carter, 
A.  C.  Presley,  C.  W.  Page. 

Natchitoches,  population  2,388;  Provencal,  246;  Robeline,  464. 


HON.   E.   B.    KEUTTSCHNITT, 
President.Board  School  Directors,  Orleans  Parish. 


PARISH  OFFICERS^  LIST  OF  PRINCIP.VL  TOWNS,  ETC.  417 

OELEANS. 

187  square  miles;  act  of  incorporation ;  population 

287,104;  seat  of  justice,  New  Orleans. 

Thomas  Connell Clerk  of  Civil  District  Court 

Henry  B,  MoMubra v  Civil  Sherilf 

Terrence  Reilley    . Criminal  Sheriff 

James  A.  Malloy Clerk  of  Criminal  Court 

J.  Ward  Gurley District  Attorney 

Dr.  M.  V.  Richard Coroner 

Robert  Legier  Recorder  of  Mortgages 

Anthony  Sambola Register  of  Conveyances 

E.  B.  Kruttschnitt President  Board  of  Education 

Warren  Easton Superintendent   of  Education 

Tax  Collectors. 

John  Fitzpatrick First  District 

John  Brewster Second  District 

Hugh  Cain Third  District 

Robert  Ewing .Fourth  District 

Hy.  N.  ITmbach Fifth  District 

Chas  E.  Babcock Sixth  District 

Hy.  Pohlman   Seventh  District 

State  Board  of  Assessors. 

Office :  City  Hall,  New  Orleans. 

C.  Taylor  Gauche First  District 

Alex  Pujol Second  District 

Jos.  Hirn . Third  District 

Samuel  Alston Fourth  District 

Martin  Behrman Fifth  District 

Henry  Puderer Sixth  District 

O.  A.  Trezevant Seventh  District 

Martin  Behrman,  President  of  the  Board. 

C.  Taylor  Gauche,  Vice-President. 

Geo.  C.  Dawkins,  Secretary. 

Inspectors  of  Weights  and  Measures. 

Frank  P.  Custer First  District 

John  Caruso  Second  District 

Joseph  Moos  Third  District 

O.  M.  Redon Fourth  District 

Fred.  C.  Wagner Fifth  District 

Richard  Welch Sixth  and  Seventh  Districts 

Supervisor  of  Registration. 

J.  M.  Gleason Office,  Criminal  Court  ]>uiUliiii^- 

Jury  Commissioners — Term  Four  Years. 
Office:  Criminal  Court  Building,  New  Orleans. 
John  R.  Todd.  A.  D.  Battle.  E.  S.  Maunsell. 


418 


PARISH  OFFICERS^  LIST  OF  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS,  ETC. 


Notaries  Public — (As   per   Judgment   Civil  District  Court,   January, 

1902.) 


Adolph,  Frederick 
Aleix,   Ferdinand 
Ardill,  William 
Bachet,  Joseph 
Barnett,  George  M. 
Barnett,  W.  B. 
Barnett,  E.  J. 
Bassich,  Jr.,  John 
Bell,  Wm.  A. 
Benedict,  Percy  S. 
Brewer,  W.  F. 
Brian,  Alexis 
Brown,  Arthur  H. 
Buchmann,  A.  M. 
Butler,  Chas.  A. 
Butler,  Frank  M. 
Cahill,  Aloysiua  J. 
Cahn,  Edgar  M. 
Charbonnet,  F.  D. 
Clark,   Thaddeus  J. 
Collins,  Conrad  G. 
Collins,  Wm.  Andrew 
Cooper,  Asahel  W. 
Cotonio,  Theodore 
Cousin,  E.  P. 
Davey,  Jr.,  J.  C. 
Bearing,  Geo.  W. 
Dejean,  Michel  V. 
Diebel,  Fred. 
Doriocourt,  Antoine 
Downing,  Rich.  H. 
Dreyfous,  Felix  J. 
Dufour,  H.  Generes 
Duffy,  J.  Watt 
Dupre,  H.  Garland 
Duvigneaud,  Jos. 
Eustis,  Clifford  J. 
Eustis,  J.  G. 
Fisher,  Jno.  B. 
Florance,  Ernest  T. 
Flynn,  George  W. 
Forcelle,  J.  Henri 
Forman,  Charles 
Formento,  William  J. 
Gernon,  Michael 
Gill,  Chas.  G. 
Gleason,  Walter  L. 
Goldberg,   Abram 
Griffin,  Michael 
Grima,  Edgar 


Guillotte,  J.  Valsin 
Gurley,  Hewes  T. 
Gurley,  Wm.  Morgan. 
Hart,  Wm.  Octave 
Henriques,  J.  C. 
Hero,  Andrew,  Jr. 
Horn,  Wm.  K. 
Hubert,  L.  A. 
Hughes,  Will.  L. 
Ker,  Wm.  R. 
Kernan,  Fergus 
Kronenberger,  G.   G. 
Labatut,  Hy.  P. 
Lapice,  Ambrose  G. 
Lautenschlager,  Jos. 
Leake,  Hunter  C. 
LeGardeur,  Rene 
Legier,  Jno.  R. 
Legier,  Robt. 
Leopold,  Arthur  B. 
Lewis,  A.  J. 
Long,  Oregon  W. 
Loomis,  H.  L.  Jr. 
Lory,  Francis,  Jr. 
Mohoney,  Martin  H. 
Moloney,  Robt.  J. 
Manion,   Martin  H. 
Marinoni,  Ulysses,  Jr. 
Martinet,  L.  A. 
Marx,  Fred.  C. 
Merrick,  Edwin  T. 
Meunier,  Jules  F. 
Milner,  P.  M. 
Montgomery,   George 
Mortimer  F.  H. 
Murphy,  E.  J. 
McConnell,  Jr.,  Jas. 
Nix,  J.  D. 
Ory,  Benjamin 
Otero,  Richard  B. 
Parker,  Porter 
Parsons,  E.  A. 
Pascoe,  W.  H. 
Patorno,  Philip  J. 
Patton,  Mercer  W. 
Peters,   A.    J. 
Pomes,  Emile 
Puig,  Felix  J. 
Queyrouze,  Maxime  J. 
Quintero,  Lamar  C 


Rainold,  Fk.  E. 
Rebentisch,  C.  G. 
Reilley,  John  J. 
Renaudin,  Wm. 
Rightor,  Edward 
Rogers,  Wynne  G. 
Rosen,  Charles 
Rosser,  J.  B.  Jr. 
Rouen,  Bussiere 
Sansum  E.  Lee 
Schneidau,  Chas. 
Seguin,  Andre  W. 
Seymour,  E.  H. 
Seymour,  W.  H. 
Shields,  B.  C. 
Simeon,  James 
Simonds,  E.  L. 
Simmons,  Jr.,  P.  A. 
Skinner,  E.  K. 
Soniat,  Chas.  T. 
Soniat,  Meloncy  C. 
Spearing,  J.  Zach. 
Spitzfaden,  Theo. 
Stafford,  E.  M. 
Stifft,  Peter 
Sullivan,  John  P. 
Taylor,  Joseph  D. 
Theard,  Chas.  J. 
Titche,  Bernard 
Trist,  Nicholas  B. 
Tullis,  R.  L. 
Untereiner,  Geo.  J. 
Upton,  C.  B. 
Upton,  R.  P. 
Vidrine,  Eraste 
Villere,  A.  J. 
Villere,  Omer 
Wagner,  John 
Walshe,  Jr.,  B.  T. 
Walshe,  Geo.  C. 
Walton,   Jos.   F. 
Ward,  John  J. 
Watt,  John 
Weill,  E.  L. 
Wenck,  Jeff.  C. 
Wilson,  Andrew  H. 
Woulfe,  Jas.  J. 
Wright,  W.  H. 
Zengel,  Frank 
Zengel,  Fred. 


Pi 

W 
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PARISH  OFFICERS^  LIST  OF  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS,  ETC.  421 

OUACHITA. 

640  square  miles;  incoi-porated  in  1807;  population,  20,947;  seat  of 
justice,  Monroe. 

E.  A.  Young Clerk  of  Court 

D.  A.  Johnson Sheriff  and  ex-Officio  Tax  Collector 

Dr.  Graham  Surghnor Coroner 

John  E.  Hanna Assessor 

Surveyor 

President  Board  of  Education,  A.  L.  Smith,  DeSaird. 

Superintendent  of  Education,  U.  Millsaps,  "West  Monroe. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  W.  S.  Rhodes;  Second  Ward:  D.  D. 
Johnson;  Third  Ward:  L.  Enaut;  Fourth  Ward:  W.  D.  Myatt;  Fifth 
Ward:  John  T.  Haynes;  Sixth  Ward:  C.  li.  Perry;  Seventh  Ward:  J. 
M.  Eainbolt;  Eighth  Ward:  R.  E.  Eoss;  Ninth  Ward:  W.  A.  Head; 
Tenth  Ward:  D.  A.  Breard,  Jr. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward :  C.  H.  Calhoun ;  Second  Ward ; 

P.  Trouard;  Third  Ward:*  ;'  Fourth  Ward:  J.  C.  Mills;  Fifth 

Ward:  E.  W.  McClendon ;  Sixth  Ward:  W.  G.  Watson;  Seventh  Ward: 
Byron  Parker;  Eighth  Ward:  C.  A.  McCain;  Ninth  Ward:  O.  L.  Hind- 
ricks;    Tenth   Ward:*  

Constables — First  Ward:  J.  O.  Stevens;  Second  Ward:  W.  J. 
Scriber;  Third  Ward:  Joe  Mansrham ;  Fourth  Ward:  J.  C.  Bres;  Fifth 
Ward:  C.  E.  Averett;  Sixth  Ward:  John  P.  Eoan;  Seventh  Ward:  E. 
V.  Waller;  Eighth  Ward:  C.  G.  Coot;  Ninth  Ward:  W.  H.  Vaughn; 
Tenth  Ward :  Joe  Mangham. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  since  May  1st,  1900,  Allan  Sholars, 
Monroe. 

Monroe,  population  5,428 ;  West  Monroe,  775. 

PLAQUEMINES. 

930  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1807;  population,  13,039;  seat  uf 
justice,  Point-a-la-Hache. 

A.  T.  Alberti Clerk  of  Court 

Frank  C.  Mevers Sheriff  and  ex-OfScio  Tax  Collector 

J.  E.   Johnson Coroner 

Marc.    Cognevitch Assessor 

■   Surveyor 

President  Board  of  Education,  F.  W.  Gleason,  Dalcour  P.  O. 

Superintendent  of  Education,  P.  A.  Gravolet,  Point-a-la-IIache. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  Geo.  E.  Mann;  Second  Ward:  Adrien 
Leopold;  Third  Ward:  E.  A.  Schayot;  Fourth  Ward:  Thomas  Brophy; 
Fifth  Ward:  George  Schoenberger ;  Sixth  Ward:  John  Aruoli;  Seventh 

♦Charles  Schulze,  City  Judge,  for  Third  and  Tenth  Wards. 


422  PARISH  OFFICERS^  LIST  OF  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS,  ETC. 

Ward:  Roselius  Perez;  Eighth  Ward:  Dave  Witham;  Ninth  Ward: 
Chas.  Ballay;  Tenth  Ward:  J.  B.  Fasterling. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  Chas.  Strack;  Second  Ward: 
Henry  Meyer  and  H.  O.  Martin;  Third  Ward:  P.  E.  Barry  and  Joseph 
Floschia;  Fourth  Ward:  Geo.  W.  Delesdernier ;  Fifth  Ward:  E.  Fellou; 
Sixth  Ward:  J.  B.  Louis;  Seventh  Ward:  Geo.  Fried;  Eighth  Ward: 
Geo.  V.  Groleau;  Ninth  Ward:  Simeon  Martin;  Tenth  Ward:  M.  E. 
Bannon. 

Constables — First  Ward:  Bazile  Henry;  Second  Ward:  Fritz  Meyer 
and  O.  Hingle;  Third  Ward:  Victor  Royas  and  Thomas  Staniel;  Fourth 
Ward:  W.  P.  Simmons  and  Joseph  Angelo,  Jr.;  Fifth  Ward:  Eve  Jajo; 
Sixth  Ward:  John  Murray;  Seventh  Ward:  Henry  Ruiz;  Eighth  Ward: 
Leonce  Maury;  Ninth  Ward:  Rene  Rousselle;  Tenth  Ward:  Philip 
Cognovich. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  since  May  1st,  1900:  . 

Point-a-la-Hache,  population  ;  Port  Eads,  . 

POINTE  COUPEE. 

575  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1807;  population,  25,777;  seat  of 
justice,  New  Roads. 

A.  L.  J  ewell Clerk  of  Court 

E.  G.  Beuker Sherift'  and  ex-OfHcio  Tax  Collector 

Dr.  Adolph  TiRcriT Coroner 

J.  A.  Dayries Assessor 

John  H.  Glanton Surveyor 

President  of  Board  of  Education,  T.  R.  Lorio,  Anchor  P.  O. 

Superintendent  of  Education,  W.  C.  Carruth,  New  Roads  P.  O. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  S.  R.  Harmanson;  Second  Ward:  Geo. 
Keller:  Third  Ward:  G.  P.  Lacour;  Fourth  Ward:  F.  A.  Beauvais;  Fifth 
Ward:  J.  H.  Stonacker;  S"xth  Ward:  F.  A.  Decuir;  Seventh  Ward:  Z. 
T.  Henderson;  Ei.ylith  Ward:  J.  A.  Rougon;  Ninth  Ward:  Oliver  St. 
Dizier;  Teiitli  Ward:  F.  P.  Erwin. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  Jos.  M.  Patterson;  Second 
Ward:  E.  B.  Smith;  Third  Ward:  Henry  Moebuis;  Fourth  Ward:  J.  A. 
Oubre;  Fifth  Ward:  Guy  Belzons  and  J.  J.  Monceret;  Sixth  Ward:  J. 
G.  Lieux;  Seventh  Ward:  J.  A.  Landry;  Eighth  Ward:  John  C.  Tully; 
Ninth  Ward:  Auguste  Pourcian  and  J.  B.  Lejune;  Tenth  Ward:  C.  G. 
Bailey. 

Constables — First  Ward:  B.  R.  Harvey;  Second  Ward:  E.  B. 
Smith;  Third  Ward:  J.  E.  Lacour;  Fourth  Ward:  J.  G.  Ryan;  Fifth 
Ward:  Sam  Taiclee;  Sixth  Ward:  F.  T.  Gremillion;  Seventh  Ward: 
W.  G.  Picard;  Eighth  Ward:  Augusto  Webre;  Ninth  Ward:  Joseph 
Picard  and  J.  H.  Hurst;  Tenth  Ward:  Edgar  Pourcian. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  since  May  1,  1900,  Albin  Provosty,  T. 
Alphonse  Oubre,  Charles  R.  Tessier,  Henry  Moebius,  Joseph  Marion 
Patterson,  Clemojit  E.  Ray,  Jacob  H.  Morrison. 

New  Roade,  population  700. 


PARISH  OFFICERS,  LIST  OF  PRIKCIPAL  TOWNS,  ETC.  423 

RAPIDES. 

1,498  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1807;  population,  39,578;  seat 
of  justice,  Alexandria. 

C.  M.  KiLPATRicK Clerk  of  Court 

D.  T.  Stafford Sherili'  and  ex-Officio  Tax  Collector 

Dr.  S.  H.  Hushing Coroner 

W.  T.  Texada Assessor 

Egbert  W.  Brinuhurst Surveyor 

President  Board  of  Education,  Jonas  Rosenthal,  Alexandria. 

Superintendent  of  Education,  L.  L.  Hooe,  Alexandria. 

Police  Jurors — Eirst  Ward:  Bernard  Weil,  Tlios.  C.  Weadon; 
Second  Ward:  David  Weinberg;  Third  Ward:  E.  A.  Swaim;  Fourth 
Ward:  B.  H.  Randolph;  Eifth  Ward:  J.  H.  Carruth;  Sixth  Ward:  R. 
M.  White;  Seventh  Ward:  J.  Dawson  Johnson;  Eighth  Ward:  E.  Seip; 
Ninth  Ward:  H.  E.  Bradford;  Tenth  Ward:  J.  E.  Ball. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — Eirst  Ward:  W.  W.  Whittin^on,  A.  B. 
Rachal;  Second  Ward:  Robert  Martin,  B.  E.  Pittman;  Third  Ward:  J.  R. 
Hart,  A.  W.  Carroll;  Eourth  Ward:  S.  Y.  Bedgood,  J.  J.  Eerguson;  Eifth 
Ward:  W.  T.  Barr,  B.  E.  Perkins;  Sixth  Ward:  E.  Al.  Lambright,  H.  E. 
Galeman;  Seventh^  Ward :  Jas.  H.  Rudisill,  Daniel  B.  Robert;  Eighth 
Ward:  T.  Speuce  Smith,  L.  C.  Sanford;  Ninth  Ward:  Andrew  David, 
T.  B.  Daniel;  Tenth  Ward:  W.  S.  Hadnot,  John  W.  Moffet. 

Constables — Eirst  Ward:  R.  L.  Dunham,  J.  A.  Rachal;  Second 
Ward:  Ed.  Dunn,  A.  C.  Stafford;  Third  Ward:  George  S.  Tanner,  D.  M. 
Eurlow;  Eourth  Ward:  J.  D.  Dunn,  G.  I.  Patrick;  Eifth  Ward:  H. 
Welden,  Allen  DeShazar;  Sixth  Ward:  Henry  Perkins,  John  Doucey; 
Seventh  Ward:  L.  M.  Townsend,  Theodore  Roberts;  Eighth  Ward:  R.  H. 
Murphy,  S.  R.  Smith;  Ninth  Ward:  J.  J.  Duplessis,  E.  B.  Price;  Tenth 
Ward:  J.  T.  Yawn,  R.  E.  Nugent. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  since  May  1,  1900,  H.  B.  Landis,  L. 

B.  Hackenjos,  L.  L.  Hooe,  J.  H.  Normand,  Jr.,  W.  W.  Whittington,  Jr., 
John  W.  Britt,  John  R.  Hunter,  Thos.  C.  Barrow. 

Alexandria,  population  5,648;  Boyce,  832;  Pineville,  617. 

RED  RITER. 

386  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1871;  population,  11,548;  seat  of 
justice,  Coushatta. 

T.  E.  Paxton Clerk  of  Court 

Keith  Lockett Sheriff  and  ex-Officio  Tax  Collector 

C.  E.  Edgerton , Coroner 

F.  B.  Williams Assessor 

" — ■   i Surveyor 

President  of  Board  of  Education,  L.  M.  Howard,  Coushatta. 

Superintendent  of  Education,  John  I.  Teer,  Coushatta. 

Police  Jurors— First  Ward:   J.  C.  Brown;   Second  Ward:   S.  T. 


424  PARISH  OFFICERS,  LIST  OP  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS,  ETC. 

Teer,  ISr.;  Third  Ward:  J.  H.  Alums;  Eoui-th  Ward:  John  Crichtou; 
Fifth  Ward:  O.  T.  Webb;  Sixth  Ward:  E.  T.  Robinson. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — Fii-st  Ward:  J.  L.  Pro  thro;  Second  Ward: 
J.  M.  Hawkins;  Third  Ward:  W.  H.  Elliott;  Fourth  Ward:  John  H. 
Booth;  Fifth  Ward:  Charles  H.  Terry;  Sixth  Ward:  E.  L.  Kent. 

Constables — First  Ward:  Martin  Clark,  F.  jM,  Adams;  Second 
Ward:  R.  R.  McDowell;  Third  Ward:  M.  M.  Pearce,  M.  L.  Davis; 
Fourth  Ward:  James  Curry;  Fifth  Ward:  L.  W.  Delaney;  Sixth  Ward: 
J.  J.  Thomas. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  since  May  1,  1900,  Thos  W.  Nettles. 

Coushatta,  population  600. 

RICHLAND. 

578  square  miles;  incorporated  in  18G8;  population,  11,116;  seat  of 
justice,  Rayville. 

J.  W.  SuMMERLiN Clerk  of  Court 

W.  N.  Traylor Sherilf  and  ex-Oflicio  Tax  Collector 

Dr.  H.  F.  WiLKiNS Coroner 

Robert  13.  Mhoon Assessor 

Surveyor 

President  of  Board  of  Education,  J.  S.  Summerlin,  Rayville  P.  O. 

Superintendent  of  Education,  W.  A.  Spiers,  Delhi, 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  H.  D.  Carpenter;  Second  Ward:  W. 
T.  Cook;  Third  W^ard:  Geo.  Dunham;  Fourth  Ward:  F.  M.  Smith; 
Fifth  Wai-d:  W.  A.  Bough  ton;  Sixth  Ward:  H.  MJioon;  Seventh  Ward: 
J.  F.  Burns. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  F.  A.  Miles,  Thos.  Lynan; 
Second  Ward:  William  T.  Oliver,  Jr.;  Third  Ward:  J.  R.  Myrick;  Fourth 
Ward :  A.  C.  Jones,  Sr. ;  Fifth  Ward :  P.  H.  Austin ;  Sixth  Ward :  H.  G. 
Beale;  Seventh  Ward:  J.  J.  Pritchard. 

Constables — First  Ward — Clifton  Leggett,  Chas.  B.  Wathen; 
Second  Ward:  H.  C.  Pritchard;  Third  Ward:  E.  T.  Beckley;  Fourth 
Ward::  W.  C.  Chenault;  Fifth  Ward:  Chas.  F.  Bronson;  Sixth  Ward: 
Thomas  Brown;  Seventh  Ward:  Thomas  Byargeon. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  since  May  1,  1900,  Geo.  Wesley  Smith. 

SABINE 

3,008  s(iuare  miles;  incorporated  in  1803;  popultion,  15,421;  seat 
of  justice.  Many. 

W.  E.  McNeely Clerk  of  Court 

H.  Henderson Sheriff  and  ex-Officio  Tax  Collector 

J.  V.  Nash Coroner 

■   Surveyor 

W.  II.  Vandegear Assessor 

J.  H.  Boone Atty.  to  assist  Tax  Collector 


PARISH  OFFICERS,  LIST  OF  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS,  ETC.  425 

President  of  Board  of  Education,  J.  W.  Taylor,  Ft.  Jessup  P.  0. 

Superintendent  of  Education,  Don.  E.  Sorelle,  Many. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  G.  M.  Addison;  Second  Ward:  W.  L. 
Speights;  Third  Ward:  H.  M.  Gandy;  Fourth  Ward:  J.  J.  McCollister; 
Fifth  ^\ard:  T.  Laroux;  Sixth  Ward:  J.  M.  Paul;  Seventh  Ward:  D. 
E.  Stevens ;  Eig-hth  Ward :  Wm.  C.  Maines ;  Ninth  Ward :  John  Edmund- 
son;  Tenth  Ward:  J,  T.  Tanner. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  J.  W.  Pharis  and  J.  M.  San- 
dell;  Second  Ward:  S.  J.  Speights;  Third  Ward:  J.  S.  Carroll;  Fourth 
Ward:  J.  M.  Prother,  T.  C.  Gaddis;  Fifth  Ward:  H.  H.  Patrick; 
Sixth  Ward:  H.  Hubert;  Seventh  Ward:  J.  J.  Brown  and  A.  P.  Keen; 
Eighth  Ward:  J.  D.  McClenny;  Ninth  Ward:  E.  A.  Pierce;  Tenth 
Ward :  R.  W.  Collier. 

Constables — First  Ward:  J.  E.  Jordan,  A.  C.  Leach;  Second 
Ward:  R.  C.  Morris;  Third  Ward:  N.  A.  Watkins;  Fourth  Ward:  James 
W.  Lowry,  J.  E.  Mcllwain;  Fifth  Ward:  Jeff.  Self;  Sixth  Ward: 
J.  W.  Cassell;  Seventh  Ward:  J.  M.  Harrell,  Webb  Ross;  Eighth 
Ward:  W.  E.  Maines;  Ninth  Ward:  C.  C.  Bryan;  Tenth  Ward:  Peter 
Tatum. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  since  May  1,  1900,  John  S.  Carroll, 
W.  S.  Brown,  Thos.  G.  McMichael,  Irwin  McCauley,  J.  D.  McClenny, 
John  H.  Boone,  Lee  N.  Bush,  Robert  Trampton,  John  Brew. 

Many,  population  345;  Pleasant  Hill,  300;  Zwolle,  276. 

ST.  BERNARD. 

680  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1807;  population,  5,031;  seat  of 
justice,  Arabi. 

Jas.  D.  St.  Alexandre Clerk  of  Court 

E.  E.  Nunez Sheriff  and  ex-Officio  Tax  Collector 

Dr.  L.  E.  Foudrlat Coroner 

A.  C.  Gonzales Assessor 

Surveyor 

President  of  Board  of  Education,  Michel  Cambre,  St.  Bernard  P.  O. 

Superintendent  of  Education,  J,  D.  St.  Alexander,  St.  Bernard  P.  O. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  Sebastian  Roy;  Second  Ward:  Gus- 
tave  Jacques;  Third  Ward:  Lovinski  Nunez;  Fourth  Ward:  Adam 
Estopinal;  Fifth  Ward:  Henry  Verret;  Sixth  Ward:  Martin  Nunez; 
Seventh  Ward:  A.  C.  Ruiz. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  Albert  Nunez;  Second  Ward: 
Octave  Perrez;  Third  Ward:  P.  V.  Relimpio;  Fourth  Ward:  Michel 
Cambre;  Fifth  Ward:  Alexander  Nunez;  Sixth  Ward:  M.  Alphonso; 
Seventh  Ward :  A.  B.  Woodruff. 

Constables — First  Ward:  Jack  Serpas;  Second  Ward:  Sidney  Ser- 
pas;  Third  Ward:  S.  L.  Estopinal;  Fourth  Ward:  Alcide  Hernandez; 
Fifth  Ward :  Armos  Nunez ;  Sixth  Ward :  Col.  Menesses ;  Seventh  Ward : 
Arthur  Ruiz. 


426  PARISH  OFFICERS^  LIST  OF  PRINCIPAL  TOVVNS^  ETC. 

ST.  CHAELES. 

284  square  miles;  incorporated  in  18U7;  population,  5,031;  seat  of 
justice,  Hahnville. 

J .  L.  Triche Clerk  of  Court 

Lewis  Ory Sheriff  and  ex-Officio  Tax  Collector 

Dr.   V.  Lehmann Coroner 

Ch AS.  Elfer Assessor 

Surveyor 

P.  E.  Edrington Attorney  to  assist  Tax  Collector 

President  of  Board  of  Education,  H.  L.  Youngs,  Boutte  P.  O. 
Superintendent  of  Education,   T.  B.   Sellers,  Ama  P.  O. 

Pouce  Jury— First  Ward:  B.  F.  Boyle;  Second  Ward:  T.  C. 
Madere;  Third  Ward:  Felix  Perilloux;  Fourth  Ward:  H.  L.  Youngs; 
Fifth  Ward:  E.  E.  Torregrossa. 

JusTiCKS  OF  THE  Peace — First  Ward:  J.  F.  Troxler;  Second  Ward: 
L.  J.  Lauve;  Third  Ward:  O.  Keller;  Fourth  Ward:  R.  E.  Cocke;  Fifth 
Ward:  C.  P.  Bossier. 

Constables — First  Ward :  F.  Bourgeois ;  Second  Ward :  L.  L.  Cham- 
pagne; Third  Ward:  Louis  Maus;  Fourth  Ward:  Henry  Laque;  Fifth 
Ward:   Charles  Songy. 

ST.  HELENA. 

413  square  miles;  incoi"porated  in  1811;  population,  8,479;  seat  of 
justice,  Greensburg. 

M.  C.  Wilson Clerk  of  Court 

E.  B.  Watson Sheriff  and  ex-Officio  Tax  Collector 

li.   G.   Morris Coroner 

J.  D.   Williams Assessor 

•   Surveyor 

President  of  Board  of  Education,  W.  T.  Woodward,  Grangeville  P.  0. 

Superintendent  of  Education,  J.  D.  Easley,  Liverpool  P.  0. 

Police  Jurors— First  Ward:  B.  H.  Newsom;  Second  Ward:  T.  H. 
Allen;  Third  Ward:  M.  B.  Harviu;  Fourth  Ward:  W.  E.  Morgan;  Fifth 
Ward:  R.  D.  Wilson;  Sixth  Ward:  C.  U.  Lee. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  J.  B.  Easley;  Second  Ward: 
A.  W.  Carruth,  J.  S.  Calvit;  Third  Ward:  T.  J.  Smart;  Fourth  Ward: 
L.  J.  Quinn;  Fifth  Ward:  L.  Bennett;  Sixth  Ward:  R.  L.  Schwartz. 

Constables— First  Ward:  W.  N.  Bates;  Second  Ward:  T.  M.  Birch 
T.  M.  Lee;  Third  Ward:  J.  T.  Cobler;  Fourth  Ward:  J.  G.  John- 
son; Fifth  Ward:  G.  B.  Doughty;  Sixth  Ward:  W.  W.  Travis. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  since  May  1,  1900,  John  B.  Deau, 
Milton  A.  Strickland,  Adville  Atkins. 

Greensburg,  population  315. 


PARISH  OFFICERS,,  LIST  OF  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS,  ETC.  427 

ST.  JAMES. 

308  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1807;  population,  20,197;  seat  of 
justices,   Convent. 

Emile  J.  Laiche Clerk  of  Court 

Louis  Le  Bourgeois Sheriff  and  ex-Officio  Tax  Collector 

Dr.  Oscar  Gaudet Coroner 

A.   L.   Bourgeois Assessor 

Surveyor 

President  of  Board  of  Education,  L.  A.  Gourdain,  Convent  P.  O. 

Superi]itendent  of  Education,  J.  N.  Gourdain,  Convent  P.  O. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  John  Dibert;  Second  Ward:  Ernest 
Subra;  Third  Ward:  Xuma  Comio;  Fourth  Ward:  J.  W.  Walsh;  Fifth 
Ward:  Edgar  J.  Bertaut;  Sixth  Ward:  Octave  Roussel;  Seventh  Ward: 
Louis  Hymel;  Eighth  Ward:  Ulysses  Steib. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  H.  J.  Poche,  Edmond  Bour- 
geois; Second  Ward:  Floran  LeBoeuf;  Third  Ward:  Zach  Crane; 
Fourth  Ward:  Feliciene  Chauvin ;  Fifth  Ward:  C.  O.  Lasseiggne;  Sixth 
Ward:  Armand  Agaisse;  Seventh  Ward:  Maurice  Gaudet;  Eighth  Ward: 
Willy  Bourgeois. 

Coxst.vbles  —  Firet  Ward:  L.  J.  Deslattes,  J.  S.  Van  Troup; 
Second  Ward :  Ambrose  Brand ;  Third  Ward :  M.  E.  Helton ;  Fourth 
Ward:  Frederick  Taylor;  Fifth  Ward:  Theobald  Browm ;  Sixth  Ward: 
A.  Marcell;  Seventh  Ward:  Henry  Collins;  Eighth  Ward:  Victor 
Jones  Jr. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  since  May  1,  1900,  Oscar  D.  Billou, 
Henry  M.  Himell,  Richard  Esterbrook,  Louis  S.  Bourgeois. 

ST.  JOHN. 

190  sqaaro  mJies;  incorporated  in  1807;  population,  12,330;  seat  of 
justice,  Edgard. 

Zenon  Millet Clerk  of  Court 

Paul  Berthelot Sheriff  and  ex-Officio  Tax  Collector 

Dr.  L.  B.  Chauff Coroner 

•   Surveyor 

Geo.  H.  Tassix Assessor 

L.  H.  Marrero,  Jr Atty.  to  assist  Tax  Collector 

President  of  Board  of  Education,  J.  D.  Perilloux,  Lions  P.  O. 

Superintendent  of  Education,  C.  E.  Geudron,  Edgard  P.  0. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  Charles  E.  Gendron;  Second  Ward: 
Ernest  Sentilles;  Third  Ward:  Alovan  Granier;  Fourth  Ward:  A.  A. 
Lagaronne;  Fifth  Ward:  Joseph  Le  Brum;  Sixth  Ward:  George  Bour- 
geois. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  J.  L.  Pancaire;  Second  Ward: 
N.  F.  Pecquet;  Third  Ward:  Emile  Tregre;  Fourth  Ward:  S.  N.  Elfer; 
Fifth  Ward:  Gustavo  Duhe;  Sixth  Ward:  Wilson  P.  Tregre. 


428  PAKISn  OFFICEKS,  LIST  OF  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS,  ETC. 

Constables — First  "Ward:  Jules  E.  Savoil;  Second  Ward:  Olivier 
Oubre;  Third  Ward:  Jeiferson  Mericq;  Fourth  Ward:  James  Roussel; 
Fifth  Ward:  Eene  Montz;  Sixth  Ward:  Louis  Tregre. 

ST.  LANDRY. 

3,G42  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1807;  population,  52,906;  seat  of 
justice,  Opelousas. 

H.  E.  EsTORGE Clerk  of  Court 

Marion  L.  Swords Sheriff  and  ex-Officio  Tax  Collector 

R.   M.   Littell Coroner 

W.   II.   Prescott Assessor 

Surveyor 

President  of  Board  of  Education,  Ramond  Breaux,  Opelousas  P.  0. 

Superintendent  of  Education,  J.  L.  Guilbeau,  Opelousas. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  Diomel  Durio,  Jonas  P.  Smith  and 
J.  K.  Sandoz;  Second  Ward:  Jas.  Darby;  Third  Ward:  Jules  Quebe- 
deaux;  Fourth  Ward:  W.  T.  Clopton;  Fifth  Ward:  J.  J.  Fontenot, 
Auguste  J.  Muller  and  Homer  Savant;  Sixth  Ward:  Sam  Haas;  Sev- 
enth Ward:  R.  L.  Derouen;  Eighth  Ward:  Olibe  Manuel. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  Arthur  Simon  and  John 
Mornhingvey;   Second  Wai-d:  Esterman  Lafleur;  Third  Ward: 


Fourth  Ward:  J.  A.  Smith;  Fifth  Ward:  J.  B.  Gardiner;  Sixth  Ward 
G.  Dekerlegard  and  A.  Arnaud;  Seventh  Ward:  Samuel  H.  Butler 
Eighth  Ward :  R.  Lee  Hawkins ;  Ninth  Ward :  Wesley  Budden ;  Tenih 
Ward:  B.  F.  Vanoy;  Eleventh  Ward:  S.  Derbes  and  W.  E.  Gay;  Twelfth 
Ward:  Marshall  P.  Stagg;  Thirteenth  Ward:  Marius  Roberri;  Four- 
teenth Ward:  Eli  Clark;  Fifteenth  Ward:  F.  L.  Fuselier  and  Leon 
Demoruelle;  Sixteenth  Ward:  Louis  Bacou;  Seventeenth  Ward:  A.  W. 
Courville;  Eighteenth  Ward:  S.  J.  Gosselin;  Nineteenth  Ward:  A.  W. 
Dejan. 

Constables — First  Ward:  E.  S.  Keer  and  E.  K.  Wallios;  Second 

Ward:    ]\renton   Dupre;    Third   Ward:   ;   Fourth   Ward:   Felix 

Miller;  Fifth  Ward:  Laurent  Domengeau;  Sixth  Ward:  Alexis  Moreau 
and  Alexandre  Moreau ;  Seventh  Ward :  W.  C.  Gordon ;  Eighth  Ward : 
W.  S.  Reynolds;  Ninth  Ward:  W.  C.  Suiter;  Tenth  Ward:  C.  F.  Sloan; 
Eleventh  Ward:  Leon  Lastroppes  and  Phillip  Zernott;  Twelfth  Ward: 
Chas.  Lafleur;  Thirteenth  Ward:  F.  L.  Doucet;  Fourteenth  Ward:  E. 
H.  Wolff;  Fifteenth  Ward:  Emile  A.  Soileau  and  Ceanea  Veillon;  Six- 
teenth Ward:  William  C.  Tete;  Seventeenth  Ward:  Landry  Rogeau; 
Eighteenth  Ward:  Lucien  P.  Petrie;  Nineteenth  Ward:  Adam  Gay. 

Notaries  Public— Appointed  since  May  1,  1900,  Gilbert  L.  Dupre, 
Alfred  Pavy,  Leon  Demourelle,  D.  H.  Quirk,  Ludovie  Fontenot;  Edward 
Dardean,  Francis  X.  Bermen,  Jules  Gil,  John  M.  Mornhinvey,  J.  A. 
Smith.  Eli  Clark,  R.  L.  Derouen,  W.  C.  Perrault,  Austin  Fontenot,  W.  E. 
Gay,  Arthur  Simeon,  Edward  P.  Veazie. 

Opelousas,  population  2,951;  Washington,  19Y;  Grand  Coteau,  521; 
Arnaudville,  327;  Ville  Platte,  163;  Melville,  517. 


PARISH  OFFICERS^  LIST  OF  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS^  ETC.  429 

ST.  MARTIN. 

648  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1811;  population,  18,910;  seat  of 
justice,  St,  Martinsville. 

A.  V.  Fleming Clerk  of  Court 

Oneziphore  Badon, Sheriff  and  ex-Officio  Tax  Collector 

Dr.  Arthur  Guilbeau Coroner 

Gilbert   Durand Assessor 

Surveyor 

Robert  Martin Atty.  to  assist  Tax  Collector 

President  Board  of  Education,  T.  J.  Labbe,  St.  Martinsville  P.  O. 
Superintendent  of  Education,  A.   S.  Woods,   St.  Martinsville  P.  O. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  A.  P.  Reseweber  and  Jules  Bourque; 
Second  Ward:  Charles  Larson;  Third  Ward:  J.  Laurent  Ducrest;  Fourth 
Ward:  Raymond  St.  Germain;  Fifth  Ward:  Benjamin  Kidder. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  Leopold  Lopez  and  Felix  Zol 
Power ;  Second  Ward :  Anatole  J.  Veret ;  Third  Ward :  Alcee  Wiltz ; 
Fourth  Ward;  O.  Broussard  and  H.  M.  Niblett;  Fifth  Ward:  A.  A. 
Dupre. 

Constables — First  Ward:  Edward  Gueriniere  and  Ben  Bertrand; 
Second  Ward:  Alph  Verret;  Third  Ward:  Louis  Portier^  Fourth  Ward: 
Eraste  Champagne  and  Edward  Thibodeaux;  Fifth  Ward:  A.  Guilbeau. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  since  May  1,  1900,  Olivier  Broussard, 
James  Simon,  J.  Maurill  Olivier,  James  E.  Mouton,  G.  D.  Domengeaux, 
Frank  T.  Guilbeau,  Francis  E.  Delahoussaye,  Dan.  W.  Voorhies. 

St.  Martinsville,  population  1,926;  Breaux  Bridge,  654. 


ST.  MARY. 

square   miles;    incorporated   in    1811;   population,   34,145; 

seat  of  justice,  Franklin. 

J.  A.  LORET Clerk  of  Court 

John  B.  Sanders Sheriff  and  ex-Officio  Tax  Collector 

Dr.  Augustus  J.  Smith Coroner 

W.  T.  Jones Assessor 

Surveyor 

President  of  Board  of  Education,  R.  R.  Cocke,  Franklin  P.  O. 

Superintendent  of  Education,  W.  H.  Kramer,  Franklin  P.  O. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  H.  Delhaye;  Second  Ward:  T.  F. 
Frere ;  Third  Ward :  John  M.  Ibert  and  Alyre  Robichaux ;  Fourth  Ward : 
Charles  T.  Hanagriff;  Fifth  Ward:  J.  F.  Lasus;  Sixth  Ward:  John  D. 
Diackett ;  Seventh  Ward :  Alfred  Fortier. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  L.  A.  Mendoza  and  Emile 
Perret;  Second  Ward:  R.  Hanf;  Third  Ward:  Isaac  Mayer  and  0.  W. 


430  PARISH  OFFICERS^  LIST  OF  PRINCIPAIi  TOWNS,  ETC. 

Brown ;  Fourth  Ward :  N.  J.  Wooster ;  Fifth  Ward :  Ion  Rochelle ;  Sixth 
Ward:  B.  F.  Horton  and  Wm.  Costello;  Seventh  Ward:  A.  E,  Gahn. 

Constables — First  Ward:  Paul  Mendoza  and  Emile  Peret,  Jr.; 
Second  Ward:  T.  H.  Dumesniel;  Third  Ward:  Alfred  Pecot  and  E.  S. 
Martin ;  Fourth  Ward :  P.  B.  Allen ;  Fifth  Ward :  Chris.  Peterson ;  Sixth 
Ward:  Ed.  Bourgeois  and  L.  A.  Hughes;  Seventh  Ward:  M,  D.  Legnon. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  since  May  1,  1900,  T.  M.  Nielling, 
Geo.  B.  Shepherd,  Chas.  A.  Bibbins,  Alexander  Pecot,  Emile  Perret, 
Walter  T.  Gilmore,  Chas.  L.  Wise,  Jas.  R.  Parkerson,  Walter  R.  Gates, 
Placide  P.  Sigur. 

Franklin,  population  2,692;  Berwick,  713;  Morgan  City,  2,332. 


ST.  TAMMANY. 


square   miles ;    incorporated   in   1811 ;   population,   13,335 ; 


seat  of  justice,  Covington. 

H.  R.  Warren Clerk  of  Court 

T.  E.  Brewster Sheriff  and  Ex-officio  Tax  Collector 

Dr.  Julius  F.  Heintz Coroner 

Warren    Thomas Assessor 

John   M.   Yates Surveyor 

T.  M.  Burns Attorney  to  assist  Tax  Collector 

President  Board  of  Education,  L.  L.  Morgan,  Mandeville  P.  0. 
Superintendent  Board  of  Education,  J.  B.  Lancaster,  Covington. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  Geo.  Koepp,  Jr.;  Second  Ward:  Wm. 
Beuhl ;  Third  Ward :  P.  C.  Alexius ;  Fourth  Ward :  Jos.  M.  Smith ;  Fifth 
Ward:  Crawford  Williams;  Sixth  Ward:  U.  Q.  Parker;  Seventh  Ward: 
John  A.  Todd;  Eighth  Ward:  John  Sivinson;  Ninth  Ward:  M.  E.  Cause. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  George  W.  Dutsch  and  Gus- 
tavo Duport;  Second  Ward:  Wilton  Bums;  Third  Ward:  C  .L.  Smith 
and  E.  R.  Doyle;  Fourth  Ward:  James  L.  Phillips  and  Theo.  Strain; 
Fifth  Ward:  John  P.  Neizell;  Sixth  Ward:  Laville  Bremer;  Seventh 
Ward:  Howard  A.  Pierce;  Eighth  Ward:  M.  A.  Crockett;  Ninth  Ward: 
John  Y.  Crow. 

Constables — First  Ward:  Chas.  L.  Olsen,  0.  J.  Oulliber;  Second 
Ward:  Rea  McKee;  Third  Ward:  E.  J.  Pechon,  Eugene  Oupries^ ; 
Fourth  Ward ;  Sam  L.  Phillips  and  Ed  Smith ;  Fifth  Ward :  S.  L.  Jen- 
kins; Sixth  Ward:  Isaac  Tally;  Seventh  Ward:  W.  E.  Talley;  Eighth 
Ward :  John  Crawford ;  Ninth  Ward :  H.  E.  Badon. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  since  May  1,  1900,  B.  F.  Martindale, 
Lewis  L.  Morgan. 

Covington,  population  1,205;  Madisonville,779 ;  Mandeville,  1,029; 
Slidell,  1,129. 


PARISH  OFFICERS^  LIST  OP  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS,  ETC.  431 

TANGIPAHOA. 

790  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1869;  population  17,625;  Beat  of 
justice,  Amite  City. 

Alfred  K.  Lewis Clerk  of  Court 

Festus  p.  Mix Siieriti"  and  ex-Olficio  Tax  Collector 

S.  L.  Prowlett Coroner 

John  Puletson    Assessor 

J.  H.  Alford Surveyor 

Presdent  of  Board  of  Education,  Dr.  C.  S.  Stewart,  Amite  City- 
Superintendent  of  Education,  O.  P.  Amacker,  Kentwood,  P.  O. 
Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  R.  Scott  Varnado;  Second  Ward,  Joseph 
M.  Breiand;  Third  Ward:  E.  H.  Dranke  and  John  Saal;  Fourth  Ward: 
John  H.  Hyde;  Fifth  Ward:  B.  F.  Joiner;  Sixth  Ward:  R.  D.  Buck; 
Seventh  Ward:  E.  Gookin;  Eighth  Ward  S.  B.  Cooper,  Jr. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  T.  J.  Thompson  and  John  P. 
Dunnigan;  Second  Ward:  M.  L.  Wall;  Third  Ward:  L.  M.  Kam,  J.  J. 
Lautier ;  Fourth  Ward :  Wm.  P.  Russell ;  Fifth  Ward :  John  Dykes ;  Sixth 
Ward:  J.  D.  Courmes;  Seventh  Ward:  R.  F.  Jackson,  N.  M.  Tucker; 
Eigfhth  Ward:  John  Oshner. 

Constables — First  Ward:  Joe  Magee,  J.  B.  Lewis;  Second  Ward: 
M.  C.  Nixon;  Third  Ward:  A.  J.  Alford,  J.  V.  Robinson;  Fourth 
Ward:  M.  Nixon;  Fifth  Ward:  E.  Bennett;  Sixth  Ward:  Rene  Chahnes; 
Seventh  Ward:  J.  D.  Hughes,  J.  W.  Dugganis;  Eighth  Ward:  R.  W. 
Cooper. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  since  May  1,  1900:  Alfred  W.  Spiller, 
W.  H.  McClendon,  Clifton  Stigall,  Leroy  N.  Karn,  James  B.  Adams,  R. 
F.  Jackson,  O.  P.  Amacker. 

Amite  City,  population,  1,547;  Hammond,  1,511;  Tangipahoa,  297; 
Kentwood,  1,313,  Roseland,  1,320. 

TENSAS. 

612  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1842;  population,  19,070;  seat  of 
justice,,  St.  Joseph. 

Jos.   Curry    Clerk  of  Court 

W.  C.  Young Sheriff  and  Ex-officio  Tax  Collector 

E.  T.  Newell Coroner 

W.  G.  Fulton Assessor 

President  of  Board  of  Education,  H.  A.  Garrett,  St.  Joseph. 

Superintendent  of  Education,  A.  E.  Greene,  St.  Joseph. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  W.  W.  Bland;  Second  Ward: 
Louis  Buckner;  Third  Ward:  S.  Boudurant,  Sr.;  Fourth  Ward:  L.  F. 
Smith;  Fifth  Ward:  John  G.  O'Kelly;  Sixth  Ward:  W.  D.  A.  Gorten; 
Seventh  Ward :  Chas.  Johnson. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  S.  F.  Hopkins;  Second  Ward:  John 
Murdoch;  Third  Wardt  Frank  H.  Gurry;  Fourth  Ward:  H.  S.  Nicholls; 


432  PARISH  OFFICEBS,  LIST  OF  PRINCII'AL  TOVVNS^  ETC. 

Fifth  Ward:  John  G.  O'Kelly;  Sixth  Ward:  R.  D.  Shelley;  Seventh 
Ward:  David  D.  Miller. 

Constables — First  Ward:  John  Mills;  Second  Ward:  J.  T.  Gerdon; 
Third  Ward:  J.  R.  Smitha;  Fourth  Ward:  E.  T.  Berry;  Fifth  Ward: 
Wm.  Page ;  Sixth  Ward :  John  D.  Shelton ;  Seventh  Ward :  Ed  Strange. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  since  May  1,  1900:  Thomas  M.  Wade. 

Towns:  St.  Joseph,  population,  717;  Waterproof,  298. 

TERREBONNE. 

1806  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1822;  population,  24,464;  seat  of 
justice,  Houma. 

0.  A.  Celestln Clerk  of  Court 

A.  W.  Connelly Sheiiti'  and  Ex-officio  Tax  Collector 

Dr.  C.  a.  Duval Coroner 

Claude  A.  Duval,  Jr Assessor 

Surveyor 

Chah.  W.  Du  Roy Attorney  to  assist  Tax  Collector 

President  of  Board  of  Education,  T.  H.  Casey,  Gibson,  P.  0. 

Superintendent  of  Education,  Arthur  Kelly,  Gibson  P.  O. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  E.  B.  Hebert;  Second  Ward:  Alex  Mc- 
Collam;  Third  Ward:  L.  F.  Carrue;  Fourth  Ward:  J.  M.  Breaux;  Fifth 
Ward:  E.  Ellender;  Sixth  Ward:  Leo  Lirette;  Seventh  Ward:  F.  E.  Gui- 
dry;  Eighth  Ward:  F.  E.  Boudreaux;  Nintih  Ward:  J.  S.  Miller;  Tenth 
Ward:  Xavier  St.  Martin. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  Constant  Le  Blanc;  Second 
Ward:  A.  A.  LeBlanc,  R.  E.  Dill;  Third  Ward:  J.  P.  Larrieu,  J. 
C.  Bourg;  Fourth  Ward:  A.  C.  Kohlman;  Fifth  Ward:  Chas.  J.  Cham- 
pagne; Sixth  Ward:  Anatole  Rhodes;  Seventh  Ward:  J.  P.  Rouen; 
Eighth  Ward:  F.  R.  Richaud;  Ninth  Ward:  H.  C.  Daspit;  Tenth  Ward: 
T.  S.  Wright. 

Constarles — First  Ward:  William  Butcher;  Second  Ward:  Adam 
Savoie,  M.  H.  Daunis;  Third  Ward:  Adam  Duthu,  Jules  Levron; 
Fourth  Ward:  Ernest  Cantrelle;  Fifth  Ward:  Alfred  Martin;  Sixth 
Ward:  E.  Rhodes;  Seventh  Ward:  J.  A.  Rouen;  Eighth  Ward:  Ivy 
Rochel;  Ninth  Ward:  Ed  SdhefFler;  Tenth  Ward:  Emile  Porche. 

Town :     Houma,  population,  3,212. 

UNION. 

886  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1839;  population,  18,520;  seat  of 
justice,  Farmerville. 

E.  Everett Clerk  of  Court 

Chas.  H.  Murphy Sheriff  and  Ex-Officio  Tax  Collector 

J.  G.  Taylor Coroner 

James  M.   Underwood Assessor 

H.  H.  Ward Surveyor 


PARISH  OFFICERS^  LIST  OF  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS,  ETC.  433 

President  of  Board  of  Education,  J.  G.  Trimble,  Farmerville. 

Superintendent  of  Education,  B.  F.  Pleasant,  Farmerville. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  Benj.  I'aylor;  Second  Ward:  D.  W. 
Hollis;  Third  Ward:  S.  W.  Taylor;  Fourth  Ward:  W.  F.  Grafton;  Fifth 
Ward :  W.  S.  Cooper ;  Sixth  Ward :  J.  B.  Clark. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward :  Henry  Arche ;  Second  Ward : 
John  Rodgers;  Third  Ward:  Geo.  F.  Clark;  Fourth  Ward:  T.  L.  Hal- 
loway;  Fifth  Ward:  R.  A.  Gibson;  Sixth  Ward:  B.  M.  Tatom;  Seventh 
Ward:  J.  W.  Hunt;  Eighth  Ward:  D.  K.  McLaurin,  J.  E.  Ferguson: 
Ninth  Ward:  J.  B.  Cole;  Tenth  Ward:  S.  R.  Terrall. 

Constables — First  Ward :  Jos  Hall ;  Second  Ward  :  F.  T.  Malone ; 
Third  Ward:  J.  W.  Montgomery;  Fourth  Ward:  J.  A.  Gresham;  Fifth 
Ward:  W.  H.  Slade;  Sixth  Ward:  R.  L.  Davis;  Seventh  Ward:  W.  S. 
Spears;  Eighth  Ward:  Job  S'erling;  Ninth  Ward:  Chas.  Simmons; 
Tenth  Ward :  D.  W.  Hicks. 

Towns:     Farmerville,  population,  458;  Junction  City,  389. 

VERMILION. 

1,226  square  miles ;  incorporated  in  1844 ;  population,  20,Y05 ;  seat  of 
justice,  Abbeville. 

Simonet  Le  Blanc Clerk  of  Court 

J.  Oscar  Hebert Sheriff  and  Ex-OfBcio  Tax  Collector 

Dr.  C.  J.  Edwards Coroner 

E.  H.  Gueydan  Assessor 

Surveyor 

President  of  Board  of  Education,  O.  Bourg,  Abbeville  P.  O. 

Superintendent  of  Education,  J.  R.  Kitchell,  Abbeville  P.  O. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward :  S.  D.  Le  Blanc ;  Second  Ward :  C.  Har- 
rington; Third  Ward:  JM.  L.  Eldridge;  Fourth  Ward:  Aristide  Picard; 
Fifth  Ward:  T.  J.  Hauffpauir;  Sixth  Ward:  Babilas  Le  Blanc;  Seventh 
Ward:  Joseph  Thenll ;  Eighth  Ward:  Worthy  Quereau. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward :  P.  Pelloat ;  Second  Ward : 
Joseph  Trahan;  Third  Ward:  F.  M.  Leguenec,  O.  II.  O'Bryan ; 
Fourth  Ward:  James  M.  Seaon ;  Fifth  Ward:  S.  A.  Dubas;  Sixth  Ward: 
A.  Schlessinger  and  F.  C.  Darby;  Seventh  Ward:  Felix  O'Neill;  Eighth 
Ward :  J.  E.  B.  Jones. 

Constables — First  Ward:  Camile  Le  Blanc;  Second  Ward:  Andrew 
Moss;  Third  Ward:  IT.  B.  Lyons,  C.  B.  XTpchurch ;  Fourth  Ward: 
R.  J.  Hebert;  Fifth  Ward:  Paul  F.  Richard;  Sixth  Ward:  B.  J.  Hart- 
man,  Martin  Touchet;  Seventh  Ward:  J.  B.  Mills;  Eighth  Ward: 
L.  P.  Theriot. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  since  May  1,  1900:  S.  P.  Watts,  Jos.  G. 
Le  Blanc,  S.  A.  Dubus,  J.  A.  Schlessinger,  W.  B.  Gordy,  William  P.  Ed- 
wards; O.  H.  O'Bryan,  J.  W.  Shanks,  Leonard  Meaux,  Ed  Haste,  John 
Nugier,  Jr.,  Edward  Thorp. 

Towns:     Abbeville,  population,  1,536;  Gueydan,  376. 


434  PAlilSH  OFFICERS,  LIST  OF  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS,  ETC. 

VERNON. 

1,540  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1871;  population,  10,327;  seat  of 
justice,  Leesville. 

J.  J.  Hicks-  • Clerk  of  Court 

T.  J.  Davis .Sheriff  and  Ex-Officio  Tax  Collector 

F.  P.  Jones Coroner 

W.  U.  Smart.  .  •  • Assessor 

Elzie  Stokes  Surveyor 

President  of  P>oard  of  Education,  T.  II.  Lcblen,  Nearns  P.  O. 

Superintendent  of  Education,  J.  G.  Palmer,  Leesville,  P.  O. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  M.  H.  F.  Stanley,  I.  0.  Winfree; 
Second  Ward:  Charles  Martin;  Third  Ward:  W.  C.  Cain;  Fourtli  Ward: 
M.  V.  Johnson;  Fifth  Ward :  W.  T.  Hill;  Sixth  Ward:  J.  R.  Bagents. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  W.  H.  Smart;  Second  Ward: 
J.  K.  Foster,  W.  M.  Conerly;  Third  Ward:  M.  U.  Hughes;  Fourth 
Ward :  D.  H.  McLeod,  J.  M.  Oakes ;  Fifth  Ward :  J.  F.  Hogland ;  Sixth 
Ward:  W.  D.  Holton. 

Constables— First  Ward:  M.  IT.  Gill;  Second  Ward:  R.  T.  McCon- 
athy;  Third  Ward:  H.  A.  Long;  Fourth  Ward:  Joseph  Lacaze;  Fifth 
Ward :  James  P.  Garkin  ;  Sixth  Ward  :  A.  W.  Cooley. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  since  ]\fay  1,  1900:  William  H.  Smart, 
D.  M.  Holton,  F.  M.  Ingalls,  R.  Lee  R'chardson,  J.  K.  Foster,  J.  M. 
Oakes,  Jas.  G.  Palmer,  Will  A.  Aaron. 

Towns:  Leesville,  population,  1.148. 

WASHINGTON. 

668  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1819;  population,  9,628;  seat  of 
justice,  Franklinton. 

J.  K.  Johnson  Clerk  of  Court 

H.  N.  Simmons  Sheriff  and  Ex-Officio  Tax  Collector 

W.    R.   Abney Coroner 

Leslie  L.  Bankston Assessor 

Surveyor 

President  of  Board  of  Education,  W.  II.  Babington,  Franklin- 
ton P.  O. 

Superintendent  of  Education,  D.  E.  Branch,  Pine  P.  O. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward  :  J.  D.  Carson  ;  Second  Ward :  L.  P.  Par- 
ker; Third  Ward:  T.  D.  Foil;  Fourth  Ward:  J.  L.  Pounds;  Fifth  Ward: 
Louis  Grain. 

Justices  of  the  Peace— First  Ward:  F.  R.  McDougall;  Second 
Ward:  E.  Banister;  Third  Ward:  T.  J.  Groves;  Fourth  Ward:  Joseph 
Ard:  Fifji'^  Ward:  F.  N.  K.  Adams. 

Constables— First  Ward:  J.  T.  Myles;  Second  Ward:  Jesse  Alford ; 
Third  Ward:  L.  H.  Bankston;  Fourth  Ward:  W.  F.  McGehee;  Fifth 
Ward :  H.  T.  Boon. 

Towns:     Franklinton,  population,  236. 


PARISH  OFFICERS^  LIST  OP  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS^  ETC.  435 

WEBSTER. 

504  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1871;  population,  15,125;  seat  of 
justice,  Minden. 

J..  H.  Tillman Clerk  of  Court 

B.  E.  Griffith Sheriff  and  Ex-Oliicio  Tax  Collector 

J.  W.  Morgan . ., Coroner 

Patrick  Clement Assessor 

— > Surveyor 

President  of  Board  of  Education,  J .  M.  Miller,  Minden  P.  0. 

Superintendent  of  Education,  J.  M,  Uavies,  Minden  P.  O. 

Police  Jurors — Eirst  Ward:  L,  E.  Aikus;  Second  Ward:  G.  W.  Oak- 
ley; Third  Ward:  J.  Y.  Burton;  Eourth  Ward:  W.  G.  Stewart;  Eifth 
Ward:  J.  T.  Boyett. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — Eirst  Ward:  T.  H.  McEachem  and  T.  M. 
Kerkley;  Second  Ward:  A.  G.  McCann;  Third  Ward:  J.  W.  Baten; 
Eourth  Ward:  J.  C.  Lowry,  J.  H.  Moxey;  Eifth  Ward:  E.  E.  Kennon, 
J.  S.  Bacon. 

Constables — Eirst  Ward:  M.  S.  Newsom,  I.  W.  Merritt;  Second 
Ward:  J.  M.  Leonard;;  Third  Ward:  N.  B.  Walker;  Eourth  Ward:  J.  M. 
Chanler,  T.  R.  Dickens;  Eifth  Ward:  Claude  Buison,  J.  B.  Madden. 

Notaries  Pubuc — ^Appointed  since  May  1,  IDUU:  L.  K.  Watkins, 
Jesse  E.  Sykes. 

Towns:     Minden,  population,  1,561. 

WEST  BATON  ROUGE. 

210  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1807;  population,  10,285;  seat  of 
justice,  Port  Allen. 

L.  A.  Hebert,  Jr Clerk  of  Court 

A.  V.  DuBROCA Sherifi  and  Ex-Officio  Tax  Collector 

Dr.  E.  Bourgeois Coroner 

Gaudena  Cazes Assessor 

Surveyor 

President  of  Board  of  Education,  Thomas  Jones,  Walls  P.  O. 

Superintendent  of  Education,  J.  W,  Hyams,  Port  Allen  P.  O. 

Pouce  Jurors — Eirst  Ward:  M.  V.  Comeaux;  Second  Ward:  Al- 
phonse  Rivault;  Third  Ward:  A.  D.  Barrow;  Eourth  Ward:  Jules  Do- 
rion;  Eifth  Ward:  David  Devall;  Sixth  Ward:  A.  A.  Alford;  Seventh 
Ward,  T.  G.  Erwin. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — Eirst  Ward:  E.  E.  Hebert;  Second  Ward: 
E.  0.  Gwin;  Third  Ward:  Oscar  Bauer;  Eourth  Ward:  Wm.  H.  Esque; 
Eifth  Ward:  F.  M.  Marler;  Sixth  Ward:  Thomas  Jones;  Seventh  Ward: 
Adam  Lejune. 

Constables — Eirst  Waard:  W.  C.  Guedry;  Second  Ward:  Maurice 
Bergeron;  Third  Ward:  Emile  Bauer;  Eourth  Ward:  W.  W.  Lemmon; 
Eifth  Ward:  E.  Marler;  Sixth  Ward:  W.  A.  Trahon. 

Towns :     Port  Allen,  population,  . 


436  PARISH  OFFICERS,  LIST  OF  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS,  ETC. 

WEST  GAUROLL. 

380  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1877;  population,  3,865;  seat  of 
justice,  Floyd. 

I.  C.  Wells Clerk  of  Court 

J.  D.  Herring giheriff  and  Ex-Ofl&cio  Tax  Collector 

T.  N.  Pulley   Coroner 

W.  S.  B.  MiTCHENOR Assessor 

President  of  Board  of  Education,  C.  T.  Milliken,  Floyd. 

Superintendent  of  Education,  T.  B.  Keneau,  Floyd. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  Thos.  L.  Lefevre;  Second  Ward:  G.  N. 
Grant;  Third  Ward:  James  A.  Lester;  Fourth  Ward:  C.  D.  Broswell; 
Fifth  Ward:  T.  B.  Griffeth. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  E.  M.  Flemming;  Second 
Ward:  William  A.  Iledrick;  Third  Ward:  R.  L.  Vining;  Fourth  Ward: 
T.  B.  Reneau ;  Fifth  Ward :  A.  P.  Webb. 

Constables — First  Ward:  W.  L.  Richburg;  Second  Ward:  John  W. 
Bradley;  Third  Ward:  Sam  Crow;  Fourth  Ward:  W.  H.  Renau;  Fifth 
Ward :  John  Adams. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  since  May  1,  1900:  Wm.  A.  Hedrick, 
S.  N.  Dorsett. 

Towns:     Floyd,  population,  . 

WEST  FELICIANA. 

302  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1811;  population,  15,994;  seat  of 
justice  ,St.  Francisville. 

A.  Villeret Clerk  of  Court 

J .  H.  Clack Sheriff  and  Ex-Officio  Tax  Collector 

W.  H.  Taylor Coroner 

Matt.  Gilmore Assessor 

Surveyor 

President  of  Board  of  Education,  J.  P.  Bowman,  St.  Francisville. 

Superintendent  of  Education,  G.  W.  Newman,  St.  Francisville. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  H.  Lofton;  Second  Ward:  C.  W.  Sim- 
ttions;  l-liird  Ward:  S.  C.  Stirling;  Fourth  Ward:  C.  F.  Howell;  Fifth 

Ward:    W.    H.    Pilaris;    Sixth    Ward:    ;    Seventh 

Ward:  John  Lesassier;  Eighth  Ward:  N.  II.  Barrow;  Ninth  Ward:  F. 
I ).  Hamilton ;  Tenth  Ward :  S.  L.  Lavergne. 

Justices    of    the    Peace — First    Ward:    T.    T.    Lawson,    C.    W. 
lemple;  Second  Ward:  C.  W.  Simmons;  Third  Ward:  F.  D.  Haralson; 
Kourth  Ward:  C.  H.  Argue;  Fifth  Ward:  W.  R.  Campbell;  Sixth  Ward: 
Iv  S.  Denson;  Seventh  Ward:  Mose  McWaters;  Eighth  Ward:  A.  Mc 
<  iehee;  Ninth  Ward:  J.  F.  Maryman;  Tenth  Ward:  R.  S.  Towles. 

Constables — First  Ward:  Mose  Vantromp,  J.  W.  Ard;  Second 
VV^ard:  H.  D.  Harvey;  Third  Ward:  Ed.  Baines;  Fourth  Ward:  W.  H. 
vVieker;  Fifth  Ward:  R.  R.  Spilhnan;  Sixth  Ward:  P.  0.  Bourgeois; 


PARISH  OFFICERS^  LIST  OF  PRINCIPAL  TOWNS,  ETC.  437 

Seventh  Ward :  C.  M.  Davis ;  Eighth  Ward :  Judge  Nutter ;  Ninth  Ward : 
Robert  Taylor ;  Tenth  Ward :  H.  B.  Lavergne. 

NoT.\RiES  Public — Appointed  since  May  1st,  1900: . 

Towns :     Bayou  Sara,  population,  755 ;  St.  Francisville,  1.059. 


WINN. 

945  square  miles;  incorporated  in  1852;  population,  9,648;  seat  of 
justice,  Winnfield. 

a.  K.  Able Clerk  of  Court 

R.  W.  Bailey Sheriff  and  Ex-Officio  Tax  Collectoi 

J .  J.  Peters   Coroner 

J .  H.  Crawford  Assessor 

H.  Iv  Tannehill Surveyor 

President  of  Board  of  Education,  W.  L.  Long,  Winnfield  P.  O. 

Superintendent  of  Education,  Cas.  Moss,  Winnfield  P.  O. 

Police  Jurors — First  Ward:  W.  D.  Bevil;  Second  Ward:  W.  W. 
Thompson;  Third  Ward:  J.  R.  Sikes;  Eourth  Ward:  J.  W.  Wasson;  Fifth 
Ward:  J.  C.  Crew;  Sixth  Ward:  Geo.  C.  Purvis;  Seventh  Ward:  P.  F. 
Smith;  Eighth  Ward:  A.  J.  Franks;  Ninth  Ward:  Chas.  R.  Nugent; 
Tenth  Ward:  D.  W.  Sholars. 

Justices  of  the  Peace — First  Ward:  C.  M.  Bevil;  Second  Ward: 
J.  R.  Tullos;  Third  Ward:  W.  W.  Boyett;  Fourth  Ward:  N.  M.  Moffet; 
Fifth  Ward:  G.  M.  Wyatt;  Sixth  Ward:  W.  J.  Drewett;  Seventh  Ward: 
W.  M.  Simmons;  Eighth  Ward:  J.  B.  Wilson  and  A.  J.  Clifton. 

Constables — First  Ward:  G.  M.  Smith;  Second  Ward:  J.  A.  San- 
ders; Third  Ward:  John  C.  Adams;  Fourth  Ward:  B.  A.  Wasson;  Fifth 
Ward:  J.  A.  Sutton;  Sixth  Ward:  W.  S.  Drewett;  Seventh  Ward:  J.  T. 
Young;  Eighth  Ward:  B.  E.  Wilson;  Ninth  Ward:  P.  J.  Martin. 

Notaries  Public — Appointed  since  May  1,  1900 :  Geo.  W.  Beck,  R.  C. 
Jones,  W.  M.  Wallace,  James  S.  Peters,  Thomas  M.  Milling,  John  H. 
Matthews. 


STATE    INSTITUTIONS 


THE  TULANE  UNIVERSITY  OF  LOUISIANA, 

NEW  ORLEANS. 

The  Tulane  University  of  Louisiana,  as  now  constituted,  is  the 
result  of  a  contract  entered  into  in  1884  by  the  State  of  Louisiana  and 
the  Board  of  Administrators  of  the  Tulane  Educational  Eund,  by  which 
the  existing  University  of  Louisiana  was  placed  under  the  perpetual  care 
of  the  Tulane  Administrators,  with  all  its  property,  powers,  privileges, 
immunities  and  franchises,  and  with  such  other  powers  as  might  be 
necessary  to  enable  them  to  "foster,  maintain  and  develop  a  great  Uni- 
versity in  the  City  of  New  Orleans."  By  the  act,  No.  43,  of  the  Session 
of  1884,  making  this  contract,  the  name  of  the  institution  was  changed 
to  "The  Tulane  University  of  Louisiana." 

The  starting  point  of  the  University  of  Louisiana  was  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  "Medical  College  of  Louisiana,"  in  September,  1834.  This 
institution  was  chartered  April  2,  1835,  and  in  March,  1836,  it  issued 
the  first  degrees  in  medicine  or  science  ever  conferred  in  Louisiana,  or  the 
Southwest.    The  State  Constitution  of  1845  ordained  as  follows: 

"Art.  137.  An  University  shall  be  established  in  the  City  of  New 
Orleans.  It  shall  be  composed  of  four  faculties,  to-wit:  One  of  law,  one 
of  medicine,  one  of  the  natural  sciences,  and  one  of  letters. 

"Art.  138.  It  shall  be  called  the  University  of  Louisiana,  and  the 
Medical  College  of  Louisiana,  as  at  present  organized,  shall  constitme 
the  faculty  of  medicine. 

"Art.  139.  The  Legislature  shall  provide  by  law  for  its  further 
organization  and  government,  but  shall  be  under  no  obligation  to  con- 
tribute to  the  establishment  or  support  of  said  University  by  appropri- 
ations." 

The  act  of  organization  (Act  of  1847,  No.  49),  with  some  trifling 
changes,  was  re-enacted  in  1855,  and  is  substantially  embodied  in  the 
Revised  Statutes  of  1856  and  1870. 

The  Law  Department  was  organized  xmder  a  plan  adopted  by  the 
Board  of  Administrators  on  May  4,  1847.  With  some  intermissions  it 
has  been  in  operation  continuously  since  that  time. 

At  different  times  in  the  course  of  the  years  following  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  University,  the  Legislature  appropriated  amounts  aggregating 
something  over  $100,000  toward  the  providing  of  building  and  equipment 


STATE  INSTITUTIONS,  439 

for  the  Medical  Department,  but  this  amount  was  largely  augmented  by 
appropriations  by  the  faculty  from  moneys  received  for  tuition  and  by 
personal  contributions. 

An  effort  at  the  inauguration  of  an  academic  department  was  made 
by  the  Administrators  of  the  University  at  a  meeting  held  June  1,  1847, 
when  a  committee  was  appointed  "to  report  on  the  expediency  of  organiz- 
ing the  Department  of  Letters  and  Natural  Sciences,  and  on  the  means 
that  can  be  commanded  to  that  effect."  The  Legislature  having  provided 
no  funds  for  the  support  of  the  University,  suggestions  were  made  at 
that  time  towards  raising  funds  for  the  purpose.  The  only  practical 
outcome  of  the  effort  was  a  donation  of  $500  by  Glendy  Burke  and  a  like 
sum  "by  Judah  Touro,  two  public-spirited  citizens,  which  funds  were  dedi- 
cated to  the  establishment  of  prizes  in  elocution  and  Hebrew.*  About 
1847  a  small  appropriation  was  obtained  from  the  State,  and  the  academic 
building  was  erected. 

The  department  closed  in  1860,  and  the  civil  war  intervening,  no 
efforts  were  made  for  sixteen  years  to  sustain  an  academic  department. 
After  the  restoration  of  civil  government  in  Louisiana,  in  1876,  the 
newly  appointed  Board  of  Administrators  determined  to  put  in  operation 
again  the  academic  department  so  long  contemplated.  It  was  organized, 
and  on  November  4,  1878,  it  reopened  its  doors.  The  Board  memorialized 
the  Constitutional  Convention  of  1879,  and,  through  its  action,  aid  was 
given  for  the  first  time  to  the  academic  department.  The  Constitution 
of  1879  contained  the  following  provisions : 

"concerning  a   STATE  UNIVERSITY. 

"Art.  320.  The  University  of  Louisiana,  as  at  present  established 
and  located  at  New  Orleans,  is  hereby  recognized  in  its  three  departments, 
to-wit:  the  law,  the  medical,  and  the  academical  departments,  to  be  gov- 
erned and  controlled  by  appropriate  faculties.  The  General  Assembly 
shall,  from  time  to  time,  make  such  provisions  for  the  proper  government 
and  maintenance  and  support  of  said  State  University  of  Louisiana,  and 
all  the  departments  thereof,  as  the  public  necessities  and  well-being  of  the 
people  of  the  State  of  Louisiana  may  require,  nat  to  exceed  $10,000 
annually." 

Under  this  provision  the  Legislature  made  an  annual  grant  of  $10,000 
until  1884,  $50,000  in  all,  when  it  was  relieved  from  this  obligation  by 
its  contract  with  the  Administrators  of  the  Tulane  Educational  Fund. 

The  Academic  Department  thus  recognized  and  modestly  supported 
made  irarked  progress  during  the  six  years  of  its  existence  before  it  was 
taken  hold  of  by  the  Tulane  Administrators.  But  it  was  seriously  handi- 
capped for  lack  of  funds,  and  a  great  development  was  not  then  possibl:; 
to  it.  Besides  its  tuition  fees  and  the  appropriations  from  the  State, 
referred  to  above,  it  received  a  donation  of  $1,000  from  Mr.  Charles  T. 
Howard,  of  New  Orleans,  for  the  equipment  of  the  chemical  department. 


♦These  funds,    largely  augmented   by   accumulated   compound   interest,   are   still 
Vised  for  the  purposes  intended  by  their  donors. 


440  STATE  INSTITUTIONS. 

and  one  of  $20,000  from  Mr.  Paul  Tulane  for  the  purchase  of  the  building 
now  known  as  Tulane  Hall,  the  present  home  of  the  Law  Department. 

The  greatest  epoch  in  the  educational  history  of  the  State,  however, 
was  the  donation  by  Paul  Tulane,  in  1882,  of  his  New  Orleans  property 
for  the  higher  education  of  "the  white  young  persons  in  the  City  of  New 
Orleans."  Mr.  Tulane  was  at  the  time  a  resident  of  Princeton,  New 
Jersey,  but  had  been  for  many  years  a  merchant  in  New  Orleans,  where 
the  foundation  of  his  fortune  was  laid.  He  called  in  consultation  General 
Randall  Lee  Gibson,  United  States  Senator  from  Louisiana,  and  together 
they  selected  a  board  of  trustees  who  incorporated  themselves  under  the 
title  of  "The  Administrators  of  the  Tulane  Educational  Fund,"  and  to 
whom  Mr.  Tulane  transferred  the  property  which  he  desired  to  donate  to 
educational  purposes. 

Mr.  Tulane's  first  donation  of  his  real  estate  was  valued  at  about 
$363,000.  He  subsequently  made  other  donations,  until  the  amount  given 
by  him  aggregated  $1,050,000,  yielding  an  annual  revenue  of  about 
$75,000.  It  was  his  expressed  intention  to  add  largely  to  this  sum,  but, 
as  he  died  without  a  will,  these  intentions  were  never  carried  out. 

In  1884  the  Board  of  Administrators  of  the  Tulane  Educational 
Fund  were  given  by  the  Legislature  of  Louisiana  (by  Act  43  of  that  year) 
complete  and  perpetual  control  of  the  University  of  Louisiana,  and  exemp- 
tion from  taxation  of  income-producing  property  that  might  be  acquired 
by  the  Tulane  Administrators  up  to  the  amount  of  $5,000,000. 

This  act  was  ratified  at  a  general  election  in  April,  1887,  and  has  been 
later  ratified  in  the  Constitution  of  1898.  The  status  of  the  University 
as  a  State  institution  has  thus  been  fully  maintained. 

In  1886  the  late  Mrs.  Josephine  Louise  Newcomb,  of  New  York  City, 
whose  husband,  Warren  Newcomb,  was  formerly  a  highly  esteemed  sugar 
merchant  of  New  Orleans,  donated  to  the  Tulane  Educational  Fund  "the 
sum  of  $100,000,  to  be  used  in  estahlishino-  the  H.  Sophie  Newcomb  Mem- 
orial College,  in  the  Tulane  University  of  Louisiana,  for  the  higher  educa- 
tion of  white  girls  and  young  women."  In  thus  perpetuating  the  memory 
of  an  only  child,  Mrs.  Newcomb  enabled  the  Tulane  Administration  to 
round  out  the  ideal  of  a  University  and  to  create  an  institution  that  would 
give  to  women  all  the  educational  advantages  which  had  befdre  been 
offered  by  it  only  to  men. 

Since  the  establishment  of  the  Newcomb  College,  it  had  been  a  matter 
of  the  greatest  personal  interest  to  Mrs.  Newcomb,  who  added  largely  to 
her  original  endowment,  and  has  enabled  it  to  build  the  handsome  group 
of  buildings  in  which  it  is  now  domiciled. 

In  1891  Mrs.  Ida  A.  Richardson,  whose  husband.  Dr.  T.  G.  Richard- 
son, had  been  for  many  years  associated  with  the  Medical  Department 
of  the  University,  as  Professor  of  Surgery  and  Dean,  and  who  had  been 
one  of  the  original  members  of  the  Board  of  Administrators  of  the  Tulane 
Educational  Fund,  gave  the  sum  of  $140,000  to  build  a  new  and  modem 
building  for  the  Medical  Department,  on  a  site  purchased  by  the  Tulane 
Board,  and  to  equip  the  building  with  every  needed  appliance  for  the  most 
approved  methods  of  instruction  in  medicine  and  pharmacy. 


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Ill  February,  1900,  Mrs.  Caroline  Tiltoii  donated  to  the  Tulane 
Administrators  the  sum  of  $50,000,  for  the  erection  of  a  library  building 
as  a  memorial  to  her  husband,  to  be  known  as  the  "F.  W,  Tilton  Mem- 
orial Library."  The  construction  of  this  building  is  in  progress,  and  it 
will  be  a  valuable  addition  to  the  splendid  group  of  buildings  now  occupied 
by  the  Academic  Department  of  the  University. 

Gifts  for  the  establishment  of  scholarships  in  the  academic  colleges 
have  been  made  by  Mrs.  Ida  A.  Richardson,  Mr.  B.  C.  Wetmore,  Mr. 
F.  Walter  Callender,  Mr.  Simon  Ilcrnshelm,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Baker,  and 
the  Louisiana  Battle  Abbey  Association. 

Funds  for  the  endowment  of  medals  have  been  given  by  Mr.  Glendy 
Burke,  Mr.  J-ndah  Touro,  Mr.  Louis  Bush,  and  M.  le  Baron  de  Coubertin. 

The  productive  endowment  fund  of  the  entire  University,  including 
tlie  Newcomb  College  and  the  professional  schools,  amounts  to  about 
$1,350,000.  Its  buildings  and  equipment  represents  an  investment  of 
about  $.850,000. 

The  State  of  Louisiana,  in  accordance  with  the  usage  of  all  American 
States,  exempts  the  property  of  the  University  from  taxation  on  the 
ground  of  public  service.  It  is  thus  enabled  to  use  its  entire  income  for 
educational  purposes. 

In  accordance  with  the  terms  of  Act  43,  of  the  Session  of  1884,  the 
Administrators  give  to  each  member  of  the  State  Legislature  the  right 
to  keep  one  well-prepared  student  in  the  Academical  Department  of  the 
University  without  payment  of  tuition  fees.  The  number  of  such  scholar- 
ships is  now  one  hundred  and  fifty-one.  Twenty  scholarships  are  open  to 
appointees  of  the  Mayor  of  New  Orleans.  More  than  fifty  others  arc 
given  by  the  Board  of  administrators  to  well-qualifled  applicants.  No 
worthy  young  man  will  be  denied  the  privilege  of  attending  the  University 
for  lack  of  ability  to  pay  the  tuition  fees.  It  is  the  purpose  of  the  Admin- 
istrators to  extend  its  benefits  as  widely  as  possible  with  the  means  at 
their  command. 

BOARD  OF  ADMINISTRATORS. 

Charles  Erasmus  Fenner,  B.  L.,  LL.  D President 

James  McConnell,  B.  L First  Vice  President 

Robert  Miller  Walmsley Second  Vice  President 

Edoar  Howard  Farrar,  M.  A.  II i:\rv  (iInder, 

Benjamin  AI organ  Palmer,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.  Joseph  Chandler  Morris, 
"Walker  Brainard  Spencer,  A.  B.,  B.  L,,    (JicoRGE  Quintard  Whitney, 
Beverley  Ellison  Warner,  A.  M.,  D.  D.,  John  Baptist  Levert, 
Walter  Denis  Denegre.  A.  B.,  B.  L.,  /ishton  Phelps, 

Walter  Robinson  Stauffer,  Charles  Janvier, 

John  Dymond,  Jr.,  A.  B..  B.  L. 

Ex-Officio  : 

W^iLLiAM  Wrkjht  Heard Governor  of  Louisiana 

Paul  Capdevielle Mayor  of  New  Orleans 

Joseph  V.  Calhoun State  Superintendent  of  Public  Education 


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444  STATE  INSTITUTIONS. 

Joseph  Anatole  Hincks,  Secretary  and  Treasurer  of  the  Tulane  Educa- 
tional Fund. 
Richard  Kearny  Bruff^  Secretary  of  the  University. 

OFFICERS  OF  INSTRUCTION. 

Edwin  Anderson  Alderman,  D.  C.  L.,  luL.  D.,  President  of  the  Uni- 
versity. 

Brown  Ayres,  B.  Sc,  Ph.  D.,  Vice-Chairman  of  the  Faculty,  Dean 
of  Academic  Colleges  and  Professor  of  Physics  and  Astronomy. 

Stanford  Emerson  Chaille,  A.  R.,  Ai.  D.,  LL.  D.,  Dean  of  the  Medi- 
cal Department  and  Professor  of  Physiology,  Hygiene  and  Pathological 
Anatomy. 

'    Ernest  Sydney  Lewis,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  General  and  Clinical  Ob- 
stetrics and  Disease  of  Women  and  Children. 

John  Barnwell  Elliott,  A.  B.,  M.  D.,  Ph.  D.,  Professor  of  the 
Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine  and  Clinical  Medicine. 

John  Hanno  Deiler,  (Graduate  Royal  Normal  College  of  Munchen- 
Freising),  Professor  of  German  Language  and  Literature. 

Alcee  Fortier,  D.  Lt.,  Professor  of  Romance  Languages. 

Robert  Sharp,  A.  M.,  Ph.  D.,  Professor  of  English. 

Edmond  Souchon,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Clinical  Surgery. 

John  Morse  Ordway,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  Biology  (Newcomb  Col- 
lege). 

Wiluam  Woodward  (Graduate  Mass.  Normal  Art  School),  Professor 
of  Drawing  and  Painting  (Newcomb  College). 

Henry  Denis,  B.  L.,  Professor  of  Civil  Law  and  Lecturer  on  the 
Land  Laws  of  the  United  States. 

John  Rose  Ficklen,  B.  Let.,  Professor  of  History  and  Political 
Science. 

John  Williamson  Caldwell,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Chemistry 
and  Geology. 

Ellsworth  Woodward  (Graduate  Rhode  Island  School  of  Design), 
Professor  of  Drawing  and  Painting,  and  Director  of  Art  Instruction 
(Newcomb  College). 

Brandt  Van  Blarcom  Dixon,  A.  M.,  LL.  D.,  President  of  the  New- 
'comb  College,  and  Professor  of  Philosophy. 

Jane  Caldwell  Nixon,  Professor  of  English  and  Rhetoric  (Newcomb 
College). 

Evelyn  Walton  Ordway,  B.  S.,  Professor  of  Chemistry  (Newcomb 
College). 

Marie  Augustin,  Professor  of  French  (Newcomb  College). 

Frank  Adair  Monroe,  Professor  of  Commercial  Law  and  the  Law  of 
Corporations. 

Harry  Hinckley  Hall,  B.  L.,  Dean  of  the  Law  Department,  and 
Professor  of  Criminal  Law,  the  Law  of  Evidence  and  of  Practice  under 
the  Code  of  Practice  of  Louisiana. 

Mary  Leal  Harkness,  A.  M.,  Ph.  D.,  Professor  of  Latin  (Newcomb 
College). 


STATE  INSTITUTIONS.  445 

James  Hardy  Dillard,  M.  A.,  B.  L.,  D.  Lt.,  Professor  of  Latin. 

William  Benjamin  Smith,  A.  M.,  Ph.  D.,  Professor  of  Matheroatics. 

Louis  Pavrot  Reynaud,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Materia  Medica,  Thera- 
peutics, and  Clinical  Medicine. 

William  Henry  Creighton,  U.  S.  N.,  Professor  of  Mechanical  En- 
gineering. 

KuDOLPH  Matas,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  General  and  Clinical  Surgery. 

Prederick  Wespy,  Ph.  D.,  Professor  of  Greek  and  German  (New- 
comb  College). 

Abraham  Louis  Metz,  M.  Ph.  M.  D.,  Professor   of   Chemistry  and 
Medical  Jurisprudence. 

Levy   Washington   Wilkinson,   M.  Sc,  Professor  of  Lidustrial  and 
Sugar  Chemistry. 

Thomas  Carter,  A.  B.,  B.  D.,  Professor  of  Greek. 

Thomas  Cargill  Warner  Ellis,  A.  B.,  B.  L.,  Professor  of  Admiralty 
and  International  Law. 

Eugene  Davis  Saunders,  B.   L.,   Professor  of   Constitutional  Law, 
Common  Law  and  Equity. 

Mary  Cass  Spencer,  A.  B.,  M.  S.,  Professor  of  Mathematics  (New- 
comb  College). 

Clara  Gregory  Baer  (Graduate  Posse  Normal  School  of  Gymnas- 
tics), Professor  of  Physical  Education  (Newcomb  College). 

George  Eugene  Beyer   (University  of  Berlin),  Acting  Professor  of 
Biology  and  Natural  History,  and  Curator  of  Museum. 

James  Adair  Lyoi?,  Jr.,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  Physics  (Newcomb  Col- 
lege). 

Douglas  Smith  Anderson,  M.  A.,  Associate  Professor  of  Electrical 
Engineering. 

Morton  Arnold  Aldrich,  Ph.  D.,  Associate  Professor  of  Economic* 
and  Sociology. 

Edward  Ernest  Sheib,  M.  A.,  Ph.  D.,  Associate  Professor  of  Philos- 
ophy and  Pedagogy. 

Gertrude  Roberts  Smith  (Graduate  Mass.  Normal  Art  School),  As- 
sistant Professor  of  Drawing  and  Painting   (Newcomb  College). 

Mary  Given  Sheerer  (Graduate  Cincinnati  Art  Academy),  Assistant 
Professor  in  Art  Department  (Newcomb  College). 

William  Benjamin  Gregory,  M.  E.,  Assistant  Professor  of  Experi- 
mental Engineering  and  Mechanism. 

WiLLUM  Prentiss  Brown,  A.  M.,  Assistant  Professor  of  English  and 
Latin. 

Henry  Fisler  Rugan,  Assistant  Professor  of  Mechanic  Arts. 

Benjamin  Palmer  Caldwell,  A.  B.,  Ch.  E.,  Ph.  D.,  Assistant  Pro- 
fessor of  Chemistry. 

Winter  Lincoln  Wilson,  M.  S.,  Assistant  Professor  of  Civil  Engin- 
eering. 

And  forty  lecturers,  demonstrators,  Instructors  and  assistants,  mak- 
ing a  total  teaching  force  of  eighty-seven. 


446  STATE  INSTITUTIONS. 


LOUISIANA  STATE  UNIVERSITY. 
BATON  EOUGE. 

The  visitor  strolling  through  the  capital  of  Louisiana  finds  no  more 
attractive  spot  than  the  beautiful  grounds  of  the  Louisiana  State  Uni- 
versity, The  smooth-shaven  lawns,  the  shaded  walks,  the  flowers,  the 
giant  oaks,  and  the  quaint  old  buildings  form  an  ideal  setting  for  the 
handsome  cadets  who  gather  in  groups  about  the  grounds  and  buildings. 

The  grounds  lie  between  the  northernmost  street  of  the  city  and  the 
fine  artificial  lake  that  was  formed  some  years  ago  by  building  a  dam 
across  Bayou  Gracie.  They  have  a  frontage  of  nearly  half  a  mile  on  the 
bluft'  overlooking  the  Mississippi  river,  and  extend  back  more  than  a 
mile.  The  front  is  occupied  by  the  University  proper,  and  the  back  by 
one  of  the. three  Experiment  Stations  of  the  University,  the  other  two 
being  located  at  Audubon  Park,  in  New  Orleans,  and  at  Calhoxin,  in 
Ouachita  parish. 

The  buildings  and  grounds  were  formerly  used  by  the  United  States 
as  a  garrison,  but  were  given  to  Louisiana  in  1886  for  the  vise  of  the 
State  University.  Around  this  old  military  post  cluster  historic  associ- 
ations of  greatest  interest.  Occupied  in  succession  by  French,  English, 
Spanish  and  American  garrisons,  it  has  been  at  some  time  the  temporary 
home  of  nearly  every  man  who  has  become  distinguished  in  the  military 
history  of  the  United  States. 

The  Louisiana  State  University  and  Agricultural  and  Mechanical 
College  had  its  origin  in  certain  grants  of  land  made  by  the  United 
States  government  "for  the  use  of  a  seminary  of  learning."  It  was  first 
established  near  Alexandria,  in  Rapides  parish,  under  the  name  of  the 
Louisiana  State  Seminary  of  Learning  and  Military  Academy,  and  was 
opened  on  January  2,  1860,  with  Col.  (afterwards  General)  W.  T.  Sher- 
man as  Superintendent.  In  October,  1869,  its  buildings  were  destroyed 
by  fire,  and  the  institution  was  moved  to  Baton  Rouge. 

The  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College  was  founded  on  land  grants 
of  the  United  States  government,  made  in  1862  for  that  purpose,  and 
was  combined  with  the  State  University  in  1877. 

Since  its  foundation,  the  University  has  had  within  its  walls,  either 
as  professors  or  as  students,  many  men  who  have  risen  to  prominence  in 
the  State  and  Nation.  The  University  is  justly  proud  of  its  past  career, 
but  it  is  young  enough  to  look  to  the  future,  and  its  influence  and  power 
for  good  were  never  so  great  as  they  are  to-day. 

The  object  of  the  institution  is  to  devote  special  attention  to  the 
sciences  relating  to  Agriculture  and  the  Mechanical  Arts,  and  at  the 
same  time,  to  offer  to  its  students  opportunities  for  broad  and  liberal 


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448  STATE  INSTITUTIONS. 

literary  and  general  scientific  education.  It  offers  eight  regular  courses 
of  study,  the  Agricultural,  Mechanical,  Civil  Engineering,  Sugar  En- 
gineering, Commercial,  General  Science,  Latin  Science  and  Literary,  be- 
sides special  and  post  graduate  courses  for  students  who  are  ready  for 
such  courses. 

The  course  in  Agriculture,  for  which  the  experiment  stations,  gardens 
and  well-equipped  laboratories  give  exceptional  facilities,  is  designed  to 
meet  the  educational  needs  of  the  farmers  in  this  progressive  age. 

The  sugar  planter  is  not  only  an  agriculturist,  but  a  manufacturer; 
and  to  train  experts  in  this  important  industry,  courses  of  instruction  are 
necessary  that  few  colleges  can  offer.  With  trained  experts  in  its  scien- 
tific chairs,  workshops  and  Sugar  Experiment  Station,  located  in  our  own 
sugar  belt,  the  University  has  superior  facilities  to  gve  thorough  theoret- 
ical and  practical  instruction  in  everything  pertaining  to  the  culture  and 
manufacture  of  sugar. 

The  courses  in  Mechanical  and  Civil  Engineering  not  only  give 
thorough  training  in  the  higher  mathematics,  but  fit  the  student  to  fill 
the  positions  that  are  rapidly  opening  to  capable  surveyors  and  engineers. 
The  graduates  in  these  courses  find  ready  employment  in  good  positions. 

The  General  Science  Course  gives  a  broad  scientific  training,  and  at 
the  same  time  affords  an  opportunity  for  the  student  to  specialize,  during 
the  Junior  and  Senior  years,  in  the  science  of  his  choice.  Many  students 
in  this  course  specialize  in  Chemistry,  for  which  the  University  offer-5 
facilities  that  cannot  be  surpassed  in  the  South. 

The  Commercial  Course,  while  not  ignoring  the  liberal  training  and 
instruction  which  are  of  value  in  all  occupations  and  professions,  aims 
"to  train  the  mental  faculties  most  needed  in  business  and  to  impart 
the  kinds  of  knowledge  most  serviceable  in  business." 

The  other  courses  aim  at  general  rather  than  special  culture.  In 
them  the  student  combines  scientific  with  linguistic  training;  or,  while 
not  neglecting  the  broader  divisions  of  science,  becomes  familiar  with  the 
masterpieces  of  literary  art,  ancient  and  modern,  and  is  thus  trained 
in  the  appreciation  of  literary  culture. 

The  current  session  of  the  University  opened  on  the  18th  of  Septem- 
ber, 1901,  and  will  close  on  the  4th  of  June,  1902.  The  attendance  has 
been  larger  than  ever  before,  418  students  having  been  enrolled.  Of  these 
twenty  came  from  other  States,  and  twenty-one  from  foreign  countries. 

The  T^niversity  has  thirty  buildings  on  its  campus,  and  is  soon  to 
begin  the  construction  of  a  handsome,  modem  library  building,  for  which 
it  recently  received  a  donation  of  $25,000  from  Mr.  John  Hill,  of  We^t 
Pntnn  "Rouge. 

].OUISIANA  STATE  UNIVERSITY  AND  A.  AND  M.  COLLEGE. 

Board  of  Supervisors. 

(Ex-Officio  Members.) 

Gov  William  W.  Heard President 

Hon.  J.  V.  Calhoun Superintendent  of  Public  Education 


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450  STATE  INSTITUTIONS. 

Thomas  D.  Boyd. President  of  the  Faculty 

William  Garig,  Vice-President East  Baton  Kougc; 

Samuel  McC.  Lawrason West  Feliciana 

J.  G.  White Rapides 

J.  M.  Smith Union 

Pnnp  S.  PuGH Acadia 

George  Hill West  Baton  Rouge 

*T.  G.  Sparks Pointe  Coupee 

H.  S.  Chenet I Orleans 

C.  J.  Ducote Avoyelles 

C.  C.  Davenport Morehouse 

George  K.  Pratt Orleans 

F.  W.  Price Lincoln 

A.  T.  Prescott,  Secretary Baton  Rouge 

H.  Skolfield,  Treasurer Baton  Rouge 

Executive  Committee. 

William  Garig,  Chairman,  Thomas  D.  Boyd, 

Samuel  McC.  Lawrason,  George  Hill, 

J.  V.  Calhoun,  H.  Skolfield,  Secretary 

FACULTY. 

Thomas  D.  Boyd,  A.  M.,  LL.  D.,  President. 

James  W.  Nicholson,  A.  M.  LL.  D.,  Professor  of  Mathematics. 

William  C.  Stubbs,  Ph.  D.,  Professor  of  Agriculture. 

Harcourt  a.  Morgan,  B.  S.  A.,  Professor  of  Zoology  and  Ento- 
mology. 

Edward  L.  Scott,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  Ancient  Languages. 

C.  Alphonso  Smith,  A.  M.,  Ph.  D.,  Professor  of  English. 

Charles  E.  Coates,  Ph.  D.,  Professor  of  Chemistry. 

Thomas  W.  Atkinson,  B.  S.,  C.  E.,  Professor  of  Physics  and  Me- 
chanics. 

Charles  H.  Stumberg,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  Modern  Languages. 

WiLLUM  H.  Dalrymple,  M.  R.  C.  V.  S.,  Professor  of  Veterinary 
Science. 

Boykin  W.  Pegus,  B.  S.,  Professor  of  Civil  Engineering. 

Arthur  T.  Prescott,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  History  and  Political 
Science. 

A.  M.  Herget,  Professor  of  Drawing  and  Mechanic  Arts. 

F.  H.  Billings,  Ph.  D.,  Professor  of  Botany. 

Robert  L.  Himes,  Professor  of  Commerce. 

Jno.  a.  Lockwood,  Captain  U.  S.  A.,  Professor  of  Military  Science. 
**A.  C.  Veatch,  Professor  of  Geology. 

Frank  H.  Burnette,  Assistant  Professor  of  Horticulture. 


♦•Election  to  go   Into  effect   in   July,    1902. 


STATE  INSTITUTIONS.  451 

Charles  Henry  Kretz^  B.  S.,  Assistant  Professor  of  Mechanical  En- 
gineering. 

Thomas  H.  Harris,  Principal  of  Sub-Freshman  Department. 

Alfred  Best,  B.  S.,  Assistant  in  Chemistry. 

Henry  K.  Strickland,  M-  A.,  Assistant  in  English. 

W.  S.  Borland,  B.  S.,  Physical  Director,  and  Instructor  in  Sub- 
Freshman  Department. 

C.  A.  Mathews,  Instructor  in  Sub-Freshman  Department. 

Officers. 

Thomas  D.  Boyd President 

John  A.  Lockwood Commandant  of  Cadets 

William  C.  Stubbs Director  of  Experiment  Stations 

James  W.  Dupree Surgeon 

Charles  H.  Stumberg Librarian 

Harney  Skolfield Treasurer 

Roger  Swire Assistant  Treasurer 

B.  H,  Carroll Secretary 

J.  R.  Holmes Steward 

John  A.  Mehler Janitor 


452  STATE  INSTITUTIONS. 


STATE  NORMAL  SCHOOL. 

The  State  Normal  School  was  established  by  the  General  Assembly  in 
July,  1884.  The  State  Board  of  Education  located  the  school  at  Natchi- 
toches, and  the  buildings  and  grounds  of  the  Convent  of  the  Sacred  Heart 
were  bought  by  the  Parish  and  City  of  Natchitoches  and  given  to  the 
State  for  use  of  the  school. 

Dr.  Edward  E.  Sheib,  now  of  Tulane  University,  was  the  first  presi- 
dent of  the  school.  Under  his  direction  the  first  session  was  opened  in 
November,  1885,  with  a  faculty  of  three  teachers,  and  an  enrolment  of 
sixty  students. 

Col.  Thomas  D.  Boyd  succeeded  Dr.  Sheib  in  1888,  and  served  as 
president  until  1896,  when  he  resigned  to  become  president  of  the  Louisi- 
ana State  University,  and  B.  C.  Caldwell,  science  teacher  of  the  Normal 
School,  was  appointed  to  succeed  him. 

The  Normal  School  is  supported  by  appropriations  made  by  the 
General  Assembly;  the  present  annual  appropriation  is  $18,000.  The 
Peabody  Education  Fund  gives  the  Normal  School  $1,700  a  year  for 
Teachers'  Institutes,  and  from  $1,000  to  $2,000  a  year  for  other  purposes. 

The  school  is  maintained  for  the  sole  purpose  of  training  teachers  for 
the  public  schools  of  the  State.  Young  people  who  wish  to  become  teachers 
are  instructed  in  the  class  rooms  and  laboratories  of  the  Normal  School 
for  three  years,  then  they  serve  an  apprenticeship  of  one  year  in  the  model 
public  school  that  is  maintained  by  the  Normal  School,  where  three  hun- 
dred children  are  taught  under  the  direction  of  the  training  teachers. 

The  older  teachers  of  the  State  are  instructed  in  the  institutes  and 
summer  schools  that  are  conducted  by  the  Normal  School  in  each  parish 
of  the  State.  The  institute  conductors  that  have  had  charge  of  this  sec- 
tion of  the  Normal  School's  work  are,  in  the  nrder  of  service:  Prof.  A. 
L.  Smith,  Dr.  Martin  G.  Brumbaugh,  B.  C.  Caldwell,  Prof.  R.  L.  Himes. 
President  Jas.  B.  Aswell  and  Prof.  Henry  E.  Chambers. 

Up  to  the  present  time  the  Normal  School  has  sent  out  four  hundred 
and  forty-two  graduates,  all  but  three  of  whom  have  gone  into  the  schools 
as  teachers.  Several  hundred  undergraduates,  after  one  or  more  year'? 
of  normal  training,  have  also  become  teachers;  and  at  this  time  every 
parish  in  the  State  and  nearly  every  tovm  and  village  has  one  or  more 
Normal  teachers  in  its  corps.  From  1,200  to  2,300  teachers  a  year  hav^ 
received  instruction  in  the  institutes  and  summer  schools  conducted  by 
the  Normal  School. 

The  attendance  has  increased  steadily  every  year  since  the  establish- 
ment of  the  school,  the  average  increase  being  about  forty  each  year;  and 
the  enrolment  at  this  time  (February,  1902)  is  660. 

The  course  of  study  in  the  model  school  covers  a  period  of  ten  years. 


454  STATE  INSTITUTIONS. 

beginning  at  the  age  of  six,  and  the  Normal  course,  beginning  at  the 
age  of  fifteen,  for  girls,  and  sixteen  for  young  men,  covers  a  period  of 
four  years.  Tuition  is  free  to  students  from  all  parts  of  Louisiana,  in 
both  the  model  school  and  the  Normal  cdurse;  and  is  also  free  to  students 
from  other  States  who  pledge  themselves  to  teach  in  the  public  schools  of 
Louisiana  for  one  year  after  graduation. 

The  fall  term  begins  October  1st  and  ends  January  31st;  the  spring 
term  begins  the  1st  of  February  and  closes  the  last  Wednesday  in  May. 
It  is  expected  that  a  summer  term,  beginning  June  1st  and  continuing  to 
the  last  week  of  September,  will  be  provided  for  at  the  session  of  the 
Genernl  Assembly  this  summer,  making  the  Normal  School  session  con- 
tinuous throughout  the  calendar  year. 

The  school  occupies  one  of  I  he  finest  sites  in  the  State;  the  grounds 
inclnc'e  one  hundred  and  two  acres  of  lawns  and  pine  forest.  There  are 
six  la-ge  buildings;  the  auditorium  building  containing  the  class-rooms 
and  laboratories  and  the  assembly  hall ;  the  model  public  school  building, 
in  which  the  practice  teaching  and  training  work  are  done;  and  the  four 
dormitories  for  girls.  The  boarding  club,  occupying  the  dormitories,  has 
a  membership  of  275  this  year.  The  young  men  board  in  private  families 
in  the  town. 

The  expenses  of  students  range  from  $100  to  $140  for  the  session  of 
eight  months. 

BOARD  OF  AD^IINISTRATION. 

EX-OFFICIO  MEMBERS. 

His  Excellency,  William  Wright  Heard,  Governor  of  Louisiana, 
Eaton  Rouge. 

Hon.  J.  V.  Calhoun,  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Education, 
Baton  Rouge. 

B.  C.  Caldwell,  President  State  Normal  School,  Natchitoches. 

representative  members. 

Hon.  Thos.  C.  Barret,  First  District,  Shreveport.  Term  expires 
July  1st,  1902. 

Mr.  J.  Guy  Trimble,  Second  District,  Farmerville.  Term  expires 
July  1st,  1904. 

Judge  A.  J.  Lafargue,  Third  District,  Marksville.  Term  expires 
July  1st,  1904, 

Hon.  L.  D.  Beale,  Fourth  District,  Baton  Rouge.  Tenn  expires 
July  1st,  1906. 

Hon.  W.  p.  Martin,  Fifth  District,  Thibodeaux.  Term  expires 
July  1st,  1906. 

Dr.  Z.  T.  Gallion,  Resident  Administrator,  Natchitoches.  Term 
expires  July  1st,  1902. 


state  institutions.  455 

Ofucers  of  the  Board. 

( lov.  \\.  \V.  Heard,  rrcsident   Baton  Rouge 

Hon.  T.  C.  Barret,  Vice-President  Shreveport 

Mr.  J.  A.  DucouRNAU,  Treasurer  Natchitoches 

Mr.  T.  p.  Chaplin,  Secretary Natchitoches 

FACULTY,  1901-1902. 

B.  C.  Caldwell,  President   Arithmetic  and  Book-keeping 

*Henry  E.  Chambers,  State  Institute  Conductor History 

J.  E.  I{j:eny,  Principal  of  Training  School Pedagogy 

George  Williamson,  Botany,  Zoology  and  Physiology 

George  D.  Pickels Physics  and  Chemistry 

William'  Smythe  Johnson  Psychology 

Agnes  H.  Morris   History  and  Civics 

Lizzie  Carter  McVoy   English 

**Margaret  Elise  Cross   Latin 

Laure    Tauzin    French 

R.  S.  Calves   Spanish 

Maude  Thayer   Latin 

Lillian  Mildred  Knott Singing 

Anna  Gertrude  Morse  Drawing  and  Color  Study 

Ada  Quinoey  Pitcher   Gymnastics 

Annie  Ogden  Burris  Piano 

*Bessie   McVoy    Piano 

Phoebe  Atkinson   Violin 

W.  M.  BucKLiN  . .  .1 Organ,  Mandolin  and  Guitar 

Ella  F.  Montgomery  Piano 

Bessie  V.  Russell  Critic  Teacher,  1st  Primary 

Henrietta  Lewis Critic  Teacher,  2nd  Primary 

Jessie  Bowden   Critic  Teacher,  Intermediate  Grades 

Augusta  Nelkin   Critic  Teacher,  Grammar  Grades 

J.  L.  Westfrook  Cashier 

Mrs.  Zeffie  M.  Smith  Librarian 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  R.  Lobdell   Matron 

Mrs.  Anne  R.   Smyth Steward 

George  Free^lan    Engineer 

Minor  Clinton  Janitor 


*  Resigned.     **  Absent  on   leave. 


456  STATE  INSTITUTIONS. 


THE  LOUISIANA  INDUSTRIAL  INSTITUTE, 

RUSTON,  LOUISIANA. 

The  Louisiana  Industrial  Institute  has  a  single  mission;  that  of 
preparing  boys  and  girls  for  useful  living. 

The  State  has  equipped  this  institution  and  fitted  it  for  the  suc- 
cessful teaching  of  the  various  industrial  lines  of  life,  including  an 
academic  course,  equal  to  that  of  a  good  college. 

The  school  was  created  by  Act  68  of  the  Legislature  of  1894.  It  is 
an  institute  "for  the  education  of  the  white  children  of  Louisiana  in  the 
arts  and  sciences,  at  which  such  children  may  acquire  a  thorough 
academic  and  literary  education,  together  with  a  knowledge  of  kinder- 
garten instruction,  telegraphy,  stenography  and  photography,  of  drawing, 
painting,  designing  and  engraving,  in  their  industrial  applications;  also 
a  knowledge  of  fancy,  practical  and  general  needle  work ;  also  a  knowledge 
of  book-keeping,  and  of  agricultural  and  mechanical  art,  together  with 
such  other  practical  industries  as  from  time  to  time  may  be  suggested  by 
experience,  or  such  as  will  tend  to  promote  the  general  object  of  said 
institute,  to-wit:  Fitting  and  preparing  such  children,  male  and  female, 
for  the  practical  industries  of  the  age." 

The  same  act  located  the  school  "at  Huston,  Lincoln  Parish,  Louis- 
iana," and  placed  it  under  the  control  of  the  Governor  of  the  State,  two 
trustees  appointed  from  the  State  at  large,  and  one  trustee  appointed 
from  each  Congressional  District  of  the  State.  By  a  subsequent  act  of 
the  State,  Superintendent  of  Public  Education  was  made  an  ex-officio 
member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

The  first  session  of  the  institute  began  in  September,  1895,  with  a 
faculty  of  six  teachers.  During  the  session  202  students,  from  22 
parishes,  were  enrolled.  The  faculty  for  the  session  of  1896-1897  con- 
tained 9  teachers,  and  the  enrollment  reached  211,  from  25  parishes. 
During  the  session  of  1897-1898  the  faculty  contained  12  teachers,  and 
the  enrollment  reached  300,  from  27  parishes.  The  session  of  1898-1899 
enrolled  298  students,  from  33  parishes  and  3  States,  with  a  faculty  of  9 
teachers.  During-  the  session  of  1899-1900  there  were  enrolled  276  students 
from  31  parishes,  taught  by  a  faculty  of  12  teachers.  A  faculty  of  14 
teachers  taught  the  session  of  1900-1901,  enrolling  368  students  from  36 
parishes. 

The  present  session  began  September  10,  1901,  with  a  faculty  of  17 
teachers  and  more  than  300  students.  The  second  term  of  the  session 
opened  January  21,  1902,  with  an  enrollment  of  524  students,  representing 
39  parishes  and  five  states  besides  Louisiana.  The  student  body  is  divided 
as  follows:     309  boys  and  215  girls,  with  112  girls  and  5  lady  teachers 


STATE  INSTITUTIONS.  457 

living  in  the  new  dormitory.  The  appropriation  for  maintenance  is 
$15,000  annually,  while  the  crowded  conditions  demand  at  least  $20,000. 

The  buildings  are  all  of  brick,  assuring  comfort  and  durability.  The 
main  building  contains  25  rooms,  and  the  girls'  dormitory  has  46.  The 
music  room  furnishes  accomodations  for  9  pianos  and  the  library  contain- 
ing 2,000  volumes,  is  centrally  located.  The  equipment  for  the  various 
departments  is  worth  $15,000. 

The  grounds,  including  56  acres  of  land,  are  well  adapted  to  school 
purposes,  being  especially  marked  by  excellent  natural  drainage  and 
covered  with  beautiful  lawn  and  stately  oak. 

The  school  is  organized  into  the  following  well  equipped  departments : 
Language  and  Literature;  Pure  and  Applied  Mathematics;  History; 
Civics;  Biology;  Physics  and  Chemistry;  Photography;  Mechanics  (in- 
cluding Drawing) ;  Business  (including  Book-keeping,  Shorthand,  and 
Typewriting) ;  Domestic  Science,  Elementary  Agriculture ;  Music,  Print- 
ing, and  Telegraphy. 

The  work  provides  for: 

1.  A  union  of  academic  and  industrial  subjects,  whereby  educational 
and  vocational  training  are  combined,  making  acquisition  and  application 
inseparable. 

2.  The  intensive  study  of  the  essential  academic  subjects,  supple- 
mented by  the  mastery  of  a  vocational  subject. 

3.  The  daily  use  of  shops,  laboratories,  and  the  necessary  facilities, 
for  good  work. 

The  session's  work  is  divided  into  two  terms,  an  arrangement  which 
enables  the  student  to  begin  the  course  at  the  commencement  of  any 
term.  Classification  is  based  upon  the  term's  work.  Students  who  are 
unable  to  remain  in  school  continuously  can  resume  work  at  the  beginning 
of  any  succeeding  term  with  the  advantages  and  credits  of  consecutive 
work. 

To  complete  a  coiirse  of  study  students  must  take  all  the  announced 
academic  subjects  and  one  industrial.  They  will  receive  the  degree  of 
Bachelor  of  Industry  (B.  I.)  upon  the  completion  of  a  required  course. 

A  certificate  of  proficiency  is  awarded  each  student  upon  the  mastery 
of  any  industrial,  provided  that  the  student  is  found  proficient  in  the 
accompanying  academic  studies.  No  student  will  be  awarded  a  certificate 
of  proficiency  who  is  not  skillful  in  the  use  of  good  English. 

The  academic  subjects  need  no  further  explanation.  The  industrial 
subjects  are  subdivided  into  three  general  courses  as  follows,  the  student 
selecting  any  one,  or  two  of  them: 

1.  The  General  Business  Course  includes:  Printing,  Telegraphy, 
Typewriting,  Book-keeping,  Stenography,  and  Surveying.  Book-keeping 
and  Stenography  begin  with  the  second  term  of  the  first  year.  Surveying 
is  offered  to  the  senior  class. 

2.  The  Mechanical  Course  offers  systematic  exercises  in  Joinery, 
Wood  Turning,  Pattern  Making,  General  Construction  Work,  Forging, 


458  STATK  INSTITUTIONS. 

Firing   Boiler    and    Tending   Engine;    Making    Iron    and    Steel    Tools; 
Machine  Work. 

3.  The  Domestic  Science  Course  has  all  the  significance  that  the 
words  sewing  and  cooking  carry  when  used  with  intelligence  and 
economy.  Instruction  is  given  in  the  art  of  needle-work,  including  exer- 
cises in  model  work,  plain  sewing,  dressmaking,  embroidery,  etc.  In  the 
kitchen  laboratory  students  make  a  careful  study  of  foods,  their  compo- 
sition and  use,  their  classes,  and  their  relations  to  the  human  body. 
Every  step  taken  is  based  upon  scientific  principles.  Instruction  is  given 
in  chemistry,  physiology,  botany  and  bacteriology',  with  special  reference 
to  neatness,  health,  and  economy  in  the  home. 

The  academic  classes  run  each  day  from  8 :30  to  1,  while  the  indus- 
trial classes  run  from  2  to  5  P.  M. 

It  would  be  diiiicult  to  find  a  happier  union  of  forces  to  prepare  girls 
and  boys  for  effective  living  than  is  seen  at  the  Louisiana  Industrial 
Institute.  The  town  is  healthful  and  beautiful,  the  tone  of  the  people  is 
intensely  moral  and  cultured.  The  economic  principle  is  studiously 
regarded  from  the  student's  standpoint,  $104  paying  the  total  necessary 
expenses  of  a  session  of  nine  months,  while  intensive  study  and  thorough 
training  are  noted  characteristics  of  the  institution.  The  student  organi- 
zations supplement  the  regular  courses  by  furnishing  abundant  exercise 
for  the  training  of  the  physical,  the  mental,  and  the  moral  boy  or  girl. 
The  students  come  from  the  school  ready  to  live. 

MEMBEKS  OF  THE  BOARD  OF  TRUSTEES. 

Gov,   W.  W.  Heard President 

Hon.  J,  V.  Calhoun  Baton  Rouge 

E.   M.   Graham    Ruston 

John  C.  Pugh   Shreveport 

John  Dymond   New  Orleans 

J.  H.  DiLLARi) New  Orleans 

Winston   Overton    Lake   Charles 

J.  J.  BooLES   Ruston 

A.   V.   Coco Marksville 

James  B.  Aswkll.  Seeretaiy  of  Board Ruston 

jAisfES  B.  As  WELL.  President  of  School Ruston 

Harry  Howaiu),  Secretary  of  School Ruston 


STATE  INSTITUTIONS.  .  459 


SOUTHWESTERN    LOUISIANA    INDUSTEIAL 

INSTITUTE, 

LAFAYETTE,  LA. 

The  Southwestern  Louisiana  Industrial  Listitute  was  established  by 
Act  162  of  the  General  Assembly  of  Louisiana,  July  14th,  1898,  for  the 
education  of  the  white  children  of  Louisiana  in  the  arts  and  sciences. 

The  institute  is  under  the  control  of  a  Board  of  Trustees  consisting 
of  the  Governor  of  the  State  and  the  State  Superintendent  of  Education, 
ex-officio,  and  of  eight  members  appointed  by  the  Governor,  as  follows : 
One  from  each  of  the  sis  Congressional  Districts  of  the  State,  ^nd  two 
from  the  State  at  large.  The  President  of  the  institute  is,  ex-officio.  Sec- 
retary of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

The  act  of  establishment  provided  that  the  institution  should  be  lo- 
cated in  that  parish  of  the  Thirteenth  Senatorial  District  which  should  of- 
fer the  best  inducements  therefor  to  the  Board  of  Trustees.  The  people  of 
the  Parish  of  Lafayette  offered  a  self-imposed  tax  of  two  mills  on  the 
dollar  of  the  assessed  valuation  of  their  property  for  ten  years,  supple- 
mented by  liberal  appropriations  from  the  municipal  corporations  of  the 
town  and  the  parish,  by  cash  subscriptions  from  private  citizens,  and 
by  the  private  gift  of  a  valuable  site  of  twenty-five  acres.  This  offer 
proved  to  be  the  best  among  several  that  were  submitted  in  active  com- 
petition, and  was  accepted  by  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

The  town  of  Lafayette  is  the  capital  of  Lafayette  parish,  is  centrally 
located  on  the  main  line  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railway  at  the  terminus 
of  the  Alexandria  branch  of  this  road,  and  is  easily  accessible  from  all 
points.  It  has  a  population  of  thirty-five  hundred,  and  is  at  the  junction- 
point  of  the  chief  industrial  interests  of  Louisiana — those  of  sugar,  cotton 
and  rice. 

With  the  resources  made  available  by  the  issuance  of  ncgotiatiable 
bonds  upon  the  ten-year  tax  voted  by  the  people,  liberally  supplemented  by 
appropriations  from  the  State,  the  Board  was  enabled  to  erect  and  equip 
a  complete  group  of  buildings,  adequate  to  the  needs  of  the  most  thor- 
oughl.y  organized  secondary  institution  of  learning  of  the  present  day, 
both  for  academic  instruction  and  for  manual  training. 

The  main  building  is  a  handsome  two-story  brick  structure,  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty-three  feet  long  by  sixty-five  feet  wide,  with  an  eight-foot 
basement  and  two  large  lecture  rooms,  forty  feet  by  sixty-five,  on  the 
third  floor.  The  basement  contains  a  complete  sanitary  system,  with 
the  most  modem  plumbings  and  fittings,  together  with  the  main  body  of 
the  pipe-connections  for  the  systems  of  steam-heat  and  water-supply  with 


460  •  STATE  INSTITUTIONS. 

wihich  the  building  is  provided  throughout;  and  it  also  contains  a  series 
of  paved  play-rooms  for  rainy  weather,  lunch  rooms,  a  janitor's  room,  and 
tne  suite  of  rooms  devoted  to  the  Cooking  School.  The  iirst  floor  consists 
of  six  large  class  rooms,  two  cloak  rooms,  two  retiring  rooms,  the  recep- 
tion room  and  offices,  and  the  Library — all  opening  into  a  twelve-foot  hall- 
way through  the  entire  length  of  the  building.  The  second  floor  has  on 
the  south  end  two  Laboratories  for  Physics  and  Chemistry,  with  sui-i  ... 
room,  dark  room,  and  outlets  for  gas,  water  and  electricity;  and  on  the 
north  end  it  has  two  class  rooms  and  a  supply  room  for  freehand  and 
mechanical  drawing;  while  the  whole  central  portion  of  the  second  floor 
forms  the  ample  and  beautiful  Auditorium,  sixty-two  feet  in  width  by 
seventy-two  feet  in  length  and  twenty-four  feet  from  floor  to  ceiling — 
the  most  attractive  feature  of  the  building.  This  auditorium,  with  the 
stage  and  retiring  rooms  in  one  comer,  has  a  seating  capacity  of  about 
eight  hundred,  and  is  now  provided  with  more  than  six  hundred  hand- 
some oak  opera  chairs.  Of  the  two  large  third-floor  rooms  at  either  end 
of  the  building,  one  is  the  Gymnasium,  and  has  two  locker  rooms;  the 
other  is  the  Literary  Society  Hall  and  Music  Room,  and  has  an  ante- 
room adjacent.  The  building  is  well  protected,  being  formed  into  three' 
separate  fire  units  by  thirteen-inch  brick  partitions  throughout,  and 
having  two  complete  stairways  from  bottom  to  top;  and  its  architecture 
is  upon  lines  of  solidity  and  strength. 

The  Dormitory  for  Girls  is  a  two-story  brick  building,  one  hundred 
and  forty  feet  long  by  fifty-eight  feet  wide,  to  afford  accommodations 
when  completed  for  eighty  persons.  As  yet  the  interior  of  the  building 
is  completed  only  on  the  first  floor,  which  provides  comfortably  for 
twenty-eight  students.  There  are  on  this  floor  seven  dormitory  rooms,  o 
bathroom,  the  reception  room,  the  Matron's  room  ,the  infirmary,  and  the 
dining  room,  serving  room,  two  store  rooms  and  the  kitchen.  Each 
dormitory  room  is  furnished  with  four  single  enameled  iron  beds,  two 
enameled  iron  washstands,  a  handsome  and  substantial  bureau,  and  a 
private  locker  for  each  girl.  The  entire  building  is  equipped  with  most 
modern  conveniences,  including  water  supply,  both  cistern  water  and 
artesian  from  the  municipal  supply,  and  electric  light. 

The  Workshop  is  a  single-story  frame  building  of  the  general  di- 
mensions of  one  hundred  feet  by  thirty,  and  is  protected  with  a  covering 
of  galvanized  iron.  The  shop  is  thoroughly  equipped  with  twenty-four 
work  benches  with  tools,  six  lathes,  an  improved  saw-.bonch  with  two  cir- 
cular saws,  a  planer,  a  scroll  saw,  a  large  grindstone,  and  all  tools  neces- 
sary for  the  best  modern  equipment  of  a  manual  training  shop,  A  fifteen 
horse-power  engine  drives  this  machinery  and  is  supplied  by  a  sixty 
horse-power  boiler  which  also  heats  the  main  building  by  means  of  a 
reducing  valve. 

The  Industrial  Institute  offers  to  both  boys  and  girls  a  rounded 
course  in  the  academic  branches  and  the  manual  training  pursuits  of  the 
secondary  school — a  course  that  will  provide  not  only  for  mental  develop- 
ment and  culture,  but  also  for  the  education  of  the  hand  as  being  the 


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462  STATE  INSTITUTIONS. 

most  important  servant  of  the  brain.  It  is  designed  to  provide  educative 
material  representative  of  the  humanistic,  the  scientific,  and  the  economic 
aspects  of  knowledge,  and  lo  fit  students  both  for  the  better  and  more 
intelligent  pursuit  of  the  practical  industries  of  life,  and  also  for  the 
1-  ore  advanced  stud'es  of  tlic  college  and  the  university. 

THE  FIRST  SESSION. 

The  Industrial  Institute  began  its  first  session  on  September  18th, 
1901.  One  hundred  students  were  enrolled  on  the  first  day,  and  this 
number  was  quickly  increased  to  one  hundred  and  fifty.  The  standard 
lias  been  kept  high,  and  all  students  have  been  urged  to  take  the  regular 
and  complete  four  years'  course  in  academic  and  industrial  studies. 
The  whole  work  of  the  school  has  been  most  cheerfully  entered  into  by 
both  teachers  and  pupils.  The  class  rooms,  the  laboratories,  the  library, 
the  cooking  school,  the  drawing  rooms,  the  sewing  room,  the  typewriting 
room,  the  book-keeping  room,  the  music  rooms,  the  gymnasium,  the 
offices,  and  the  workshop — all  are  places  of  the  most  active  and  interesteil 
effort  towards  self-improvement.  And  the  esprit  du  corps  shown  in  the 
student  organizations — the  glee  clubs,  the  literary  society,  the  athletic 
associations,  baseball,  football,  basket  ball,  tennis,  and  the  several  class 
organizations — clearly  indicates  a  most  wholesome  condition,  in  both  body 
and  mind,  of  the  entire  school  community  of  the  Institute. 

The  people  of  the  parish  and  of  the  community  in  wliich  the  Institute 
is  located  believe  in  it  strongly,  and  give  it  at  all  times  their  most  cordial 
support. 

BOARD  OF  TRUSTEES. 

PIis  Excellency,  Governor  W.  W.  Heard,  ex-officio Baton  Rouge 

Superintendent  of  Education,  Hon.  J.  V.  Calhoun,  ex-officio, 

Baton  Rouge 

Hon.  Albert  Estopinal New  Orleans 

First  District.     Term  expires  in  1902. 

Hon.  Brown  Ayres   New  Orleans 

Second  District.     Term  Expires  in  1904. 

Hon.  John  C.  Buchanan  Lafayette 

Third  District.     Term  expires  in  1904. 

Hon.  John  IT.  Overton  Alexandria 

Fourth  District.     Term  expires  in  1904. 

Hon.  J.  G.  Lee Baton  Rouge 

Fifth  District.     Term  expires  in  1902. 

Hon.  Thomas  H.  Lewis Opelousas 

Sixth  District.     Term  expires  in  1902. 

Hon.  James  A.  Lee  New  .Iberia 

At  Large.     Term  expires  in  1904. 

Hon.  Robert  Martin St.  Martinville 

At  Large.     Term  expires  in  1902. 


state  institutions,  463 

Officers  of  the  Board. 

Gov.  W.  W.  Heard,  President Baton  Rouge 

Hon.  Eobt.  Martin,  Vice  President St.  Martinville 

Hon.  Crow  Girard,  Treasurer Lafayette 

Pres.  E.  L.  Stephens,  Secretary Lafayette 

FACULTY. 

E.  L. .STEPHEisrs,  President;  Mathematics. 

V.  L.  Roy,  Science.  .    . 

AsHBY  Woodson,  Manual  Training. 

Miss  Gertrude  Mayfield,  Domestic  Science. 

Miss  Beverly  Randolph,  Drawing  and  Gymnastics. 

Miss  Edith  G.  Dupre,  English  and  French. 

Florent  Sontag,  Music. 

L.  W.  Mayer,  Stenography. 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  F.  Baker,  Matron. 


464  STATE  INSTITUTIONS. 


SOUTHERN  UNIVERSITY  AND  AGRICULTURAL 
AND  MECHANICAL  COLLEGE, 

NEW  OKLEANS,  LA. 

The  Constitutional  Convention  of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  in  1879  in 
its  wisdom,  established  in  the  City  of  Kew  Orleans  an  institution  to  be 
devoted  to  the  higher  education  of  persons  of  color,  to  be  entitled  the 
"Southern  University." 

The  support  of  this  institution  was  secured  by  constitutional  pro- 
visions, entitling  it  to  an  annual  appropriation  for  its  current  expenses, 
by  the  State  Legislature,  of  not  more  than  ten  thousand  dollars,  nor  less 
than  five  thousand  dollars. 

At  the  session  of  the  General  Assembly  of  Louisiana,  in  April,  1880, 
an  act  was  passed  "To  establish  in  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  a  university 
for  the  education  of  persons  of  color;  and  to  provide  for  its  proper  gov- 
ernment." 

On  the  3rd  of  March,  1881  the  "Act  of  Incorporation  or  Charter" 
was  signed  by  I.  N.  Marks,  George  H.  Fayerweather,  S.  D.  Stockman, 
Edwin  H.  Fay,  John  J.  Carter,  Robert  H.  Jones,  J.  B.  Wilkinson,  M.  D., 
T.  T.  AUain,  Zebulon  York,  N.  C.  Blanchard,  John  S.  Billieu,  and 
W.  Sanders,  as  incorporators.  The  same  body  of  men  composed  the  first 
Board  of  Trustees. 

Although  this  charter  was  gotten  out  in  March,  1881,  we  find  that 
the  school  was  in  existence  half  a  year  or  more  previous  to  that  date.  For, 
on  October  10th,  1880,  the  Board  of  Trustees  held  a  meeting  and  passed 
laws  designating  the  proper  officers  of  the  Faculty  of  the  school.  And 
another  meeting  was  held  December  1st,  1880. 

The  school  started  in  a  very  slow  way  at  first,  and  continued  at  that 
pace  for  some  years. 

When  the  act  was  passed  by  the  Legislature  establishing  the  school, 
through  some  oversight,  the  idea  seemed  not  .to  occur  to  any  one  that  a 
building  would  be  necessary  in  which  this  school  should  hold  its  daily 
sessions.  A  building  was  essential.  The  Board  of  Trustees  did  about 
the  only  thing  it  could  do  under  the  circumstances.  Money,  annually 
appropriated  to  pay  teachers'  salaries,  was  applied  to  secure  the  first 
essential— a  school  building,  although  a  number  of  the  teachers  had  to 
be  dispensed  with. 

A  building  was  purchased  on  Calliope  street.  New  Orleans,  and  as 
much  money  as  could  be  spared  was  paid  towards  the  same,  while  a 
mortgage  was  given  on  the  house  for  the  rest.    Annually  payments  were 


466  STATE  INSTITUTIONS. 

made  from  the  teachers'  fund  to  liquidate  this  debt.    But  it  necessitated 
a  lack  of  teachers  and  the  holding  back  of  the  school. 

The  first  president  of  the  school  was  one  of  its  trustees — Mr.  George 
H.  Fayerweather.     He  held  this  office  for  one  year. 

President  Fayerweather  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  C.  H.  Thompson,  an 
Episcopal  minister.  He  occupied  the  position  for  one  year  also,  when 
the  Board  of  Trustees  concluded  to  apply  to  the  trustees  of  Vanderbilt 
University,  Nashville,  Tennessee,  for  a  recommendation  of  one  of  their 
graduates  to  take  the  position.  Eev.  J.  H.  Harrison,  a  graduate  of 
Vanderbilt  University,  took  charge  of  the  university  in  the  fall  of  1883, 
as  its  president.  Professor  Harrison  possessed  the  intuitions  and  correct 
training  of  the  true  teacher.  The  school  made  a  very  decided  advance 
under  President  Harrison's  management.  The  Girls'  Industrial  Depart- 
ment and  the  Chemical  and  Physical  Departments  had  their  beginning 
under  his  administration  and  direct  promotion.  The  grade  of  the  school 
generally  was  raised.  President  Harrison  remained  in  charge  three  year? 
and  then  resigned  and  returned  to  Tennessee. 

The  next  president  of  the  school  was  Rev.  George  W.  Bothwell  from 
northwest  Ohio.  Mr.  Bothwell  had  previously  occupied  a  position  as 
teacher  in  a  somewhat  similar  institution  in  New  Orleans. 

During  this  administration  the  school  was  moved  from  its  quarters 
on  Calliope  street  to  its  present  position  on  Soniat  and  Magazine  streets, 
permission  having  been  previously  been  obtained  from  the  Legislatur*" 
to  sell  the  school's  interest  in  the  old  quarters  and  to  purchase  a  whole 
square  of  ground  in  the  then  outskirts,  on  Sonniat  and  Magazine  streets, 
and  to  build  thereon  the  present,  much  more  commodious  and  suitable, 
substantially  built,  three-story  brick  building.  The  money  obtained  from 
the  sale  of  the  old  building  was  applied  as  part  payment  for  the  new.  The 
Legislature  also  appropriated  State  warrants,  then  at  a  considerable  dis- 
count in  the  market,  to  assist  in  paying  for  the  new  quarters.  Only 
about  $7,500  was  realized.  A  debt  of  $12,000  at  8  per  cent,  interest  was 
left  on  the  building  and  grounds.  This  debt  was  gradually  reduced  to 
$9,000  by  payments  from  the  fund  for  the  salaries  of  the  teachers.  Last 
year  it  was  reduced  to  $8,000,  and  interest  reduced  to  6V2  per  cent.  The 
grounds,  however,  in  the  meantime  have  appreciated  in  value  until  they 
are  now  worth  over  three  times  their  original  cost. 

President  Bothwell,  elected  in  18S6,  occupied  the  position  of  presi- 
dent of  the  university  just  one  year. 

The  Board  of  Trustees  then,  in  18^7,  elected  as  president  a  native  of 
Louisiana — LL  A.  Hill,  the  present  incumbent. 

The  greatest  difficult.y  to  overcome  was  the  discipline  of  the  school, 
which  is  now  equal,  if  not  superior  to  that  of  any  similar  institution. 

There  were  no  graduates  of  the  school  before  1887.  Since,  and 
including  1902,  the  total  from  all  departments  is  213  graduations.  The 
highest  number  for  one  year,  32,  is  in  the  present — 1902. 

The  university  now  has  an  Agricultural  Department  on  a  farm  of 
100  acres,  a  Mechanical  Department,  a  tinsmith  shop,  a  Printing  Depart- 


STATE  INSTITUTIONS.  467 

ment,  dairy,  and  Girls'  Industrial  Department,  supported  jointly  by  the 
United  States  and  State  Governments.  It  has  also  the  usual  Academic 
course. 

The  attendance  now  is  422. 

BOAED  OF  TRUSTEES. 

Mr.  Wm.  H.  Preis,  Hon.  L.  H.  Marrero, 

Hon.  J.  C.  Hexriques,  Mr.  Ernest  Cucullu, 

Capt.  a.  a.  Woods,  Mr.  J.  W.  Cook, 

Mr.  Henry  W.  Spear,  Rev.  A.  L.  Reese. 

Capt.  John  H.  O'Connor,  I.  E.  Mullon,  M.  D., 

Mr.  Branch  K.  Miller,  Mr.  H.  H.  Freeman. 

Officers  of  the  Board. 

Wm.  H.  Preis,  President New  Orleans,  La. 

J.  W.  Cook,  Vice-President Lake  Prcvidence,  La. 

Hon.  J.  C.  Henriques,  Secretary  and  Treasurer New  Orleans,  La. 


*j- 


468  STATE  INSTITUTIONS. 


LOUISIANA  INSTITUTE  FOR  THE  BLIND, 
BATON  ROUGE,  LOUISIANA. 


BOARD  OF  TRUSTEES. 

Gov.  W.  W.  Heard,  ex-officio.  President Baton  Rouge 

C.  C.  Bird,  Esq.,  Vice-President  Baton  Rouge 

C.  J.  Barrow,  Esq Baton  Rouge 

Jos.  Gebelin,  Esq Baton  Rouge 

Jos.  Gottlieb,  Esq Baton  Rouge 

C.  H.  Jolly,  Esq Baton  Rouge 

O.  Kondert,  Esq Baton  Rouge 

Hon  W.  W.  Ventress Iberville  Parish 

A.  E.  Read,  Esq Superintendent 

The  Louisiana  Institute  for  the  Blind  is  emphatically  an  institution 
for  the  education  of  the  blind  children  of  the  State. 

Governor  Claiborne,  in  his  message  to  the  Legislature  of  1806,  said: 
"The  youth  should  be  regarded  as  the  property  of  the  State,  their  welfare 
should  constitute  a  primary  care  of  the  government,  and  those  in  power 
should  esteem  it  their  duty  to  make  provision  for  their  improvement." 

The  blind  are  peculiarly  the  wards  of  the  State,  and  it  must,  there- 
fore, afford  sincere  pleasure  to  those  whose  duty  it  is  to  be  interested  in 
the  education  and  welfare  of  Louisiana  children  to  know  something  of 
the  work  of  this  school. 

The  course  of  study  is  abreast  with  that  of  most  High  Schools.  The 
classes  in  history,  literature,  arithmetic  and  the  sciences  (elementary 
branches)  would  bear  a  very  favorable  comparison  with  classes  of  the  same 
grade  in  other  schools.  Music  is  taught  by  an  able  instructor.  Lessons 
are  given  on  the  piano  and  other  musical  instruments,  and  instruction 
is  also  given  in  thorough  bass,  harmony  and  musical  history.  Physical 
culture  is  an  important  and  interesting  feature  in  the  regular  school 
course,  and  one,  seeing  the  ease  and  grace  of  the  pupils  as  they  wind 
and  unwind  in  the  intricate  marches,  would  find  it  difficult  to  believe  that 
they  were  moving  in  darkness. 

In  the  industrial  department  the  pupils  are  taught  kindergarten 
work,  knitting,  crocheting,  sewing,  by  hand  and  machine,  basket-making 
and  typewriting.  The  larger  boys  learn  piano-tuning,  mattress-making, 
to  cane  chairs  and  broom-making.  The  work  done  in  the  shop  is  an  excel- 
lent training  for  those  whose  sources  for  gaing  a  living  are  so  limited. 

The  aim  of  the  superintendent  and  teachers  is  that  of  education — that 
it  may  not  be  superficial ;  and  above  all,  that  it  may  be  of  practical  benefit. 
Life  for  all  is  full  of  terrible  possibilities,  and  especially  so  for  those 


STATE  INSTITUTIONS.  469 

deprived  of  sight,  who  are,  in  a  great  measure,  unfitted  to  battle  with 
the  world.  Hence,  every  eSort  is  made  to  make  the  pupils  self-reliant 
and  to  perfect  them  in  some  branch  of  work  by  which  they  can  earn  a 
living.     Several  of  the  graduates  are  now  self-supporting. 

In  addition  to  the  regular  courses  of  study,  the  pupils  are  read  to  an 
hour  each  day.  The  reading  matter  is  carefully  selected  and  they  enjoy 
the  rare  privilege  of  hearing  only  what  is  good  and  pure.  Thus,  iu 
every  direction  an  effort  is  made  to  throw  about  the  inmates,  influences  re- 
fining and  elevating. 

The  administration  of  the  school  is  vested  in  the  Superintendent 
and  a  Board  of  Trustees,  the  Governor  being  President  ex-officio. 

Under  the  law,  pupils  are  received  between  the  ages  of  seven  and 
twenty-one,  inclusive. 

The  grounds  are  ample  and  beautiful  and  the  buildings,  until  this 
season,  have  been  sufficient.  There  has  been  a  much  larger  attendance 
this  session  than  ever  before,  and  the  prospect  for  a  still  larger  number, 
is  of  the  best;  as  already  it  has  been  found  necessary  to  decline  to  receive 
applicants. 

It  is  believed  and  hoped  that  provisions  will  be  made  by  the  State  for 
the  accommodation  of  all  who  may  apply. 


470  STATE  INSTITUTIONS. 

THE  LOUISIANA  DEAF  AND  DUMB  INSTITUTE. 

BATOX  rouge;  LOUISIANA. 

In  1852,  the  late  Col.  F.  D.  liichardson,  a  distinguished  citizen  of 
St.  Mary,  introduced  in  the  Legislature  the  bill  founding  the  Louisiana 
School  for  the  Deaf.  Mr.  James  S.  Brown,  of  the  Indiana  school,  was 
the  original  superintendent.  The  initial  attendance  numbered  thirteen 
pupils.  In  1884  the  facilities  of  the  school  were  still  meagre,  and  the 
attendance  only  about  thirty-five  pupils.  The  present  year,  1902,  finds  an 
admirably  equipped  institution  with  one  hundred  and  ten  pupils,  making 
busy  and  bright  the  atmosphere  of  class-rooms  and  work-shops. 

The  recent  progress  of  the  school  has  been  marked;  its  beneficent 
purpose  has  steadfastly  sought  the  unfortunate  children  of  the  State,  for 
whoso  welfare  it  was  established. 

The  institution  occupies  a  large  and  picturesque  building,  sur- 
rounded by  beautiful  grounds;  a  neat  hospital,  industrial  building,  etc., 
are  coimected  with  the  school.  Industrial  training,  introduced  in  1890,  is 
a  most  important  feature  in  the  school's  work.  The  boys  are  taught  the 
trades  of  carpentry,  shoemaking  and  printing;  the  girls,  the  useful  art  of 
sewing,  etc. 

In  the  educational  department  of  the  school,  oral  and  mannal 
methods  are  advantageously  employed.  In  fact,  the  deaf  pupil  is  devel- 
oped along  all  helpful  lines. 

The  faculty  for  the  session  of  1901-1902  comprises  the  following 
teachers : 

Oral  Department — Llettie  I.  Patterson,  Ernestine  Jastremski,  Ida 
L.  Austin,  Ninetta  Layton. 

Manual  Department — H.  L.  Tracy,  Nellie  Cornay,  James  Goodwin, 
A.  J.  Sullivan. 

Instructors,  Industrial  Department — H.  L.  Tracy,  printing;  Frank 
A.  Dobson,  shoemaking;  L.  L.  Ilennigan,  carpentiy;  Sarah  Hereford, 
sewing. 

Officers,  Domestic  Department — Anna  M.  Foules,  matron;  Sarah 
Hereford,  F.  A.  Dobson,  L.  L.  Ilennigan,  A.  J.  Sullivan,  supervisors; 
Mrs.  Clara  Ripley,  in  charge  of  hospital. 

Secretary  and  Instructor  of  Gymnastics — Mary  E.  Land. 

Book-keeper — Henry  Jastremski. 

BOARD  OF  TRUSTEES. 

Gov.  W.  W.  Heard Ex-officio  President 

Hex.  J.  V.  Calhoun,  Supt.  of  Public  Education Ex-officio  Member 

Harney  Skolfield   Vice-President 

John  Jastremski  Secretary 

P.  J.  Trezevant,  Isidore  Mendelsohn,  H.  C.  Paulsen, 

A.  D.  Lytle  and  G.  L.  Trichel  Members 

Wm.  H.  Reynaud  Treasurer 

Dr.  B.  Duchien   ; Physician 

Dr.  John  Jastremski  has  earnestly  served  the  State  as  superintendent 
of  this  school  since  1884. 


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472  STATE  INSTITUTIONS. 


GULF  BIOLOGIC  STATION. 

Louisiana's  extensive  coast  line  of  1950  miles  has  always  been  known 
to  be  rich  in  food  fishes,  oysters,  crabs,  shrimp,  and  other  salt  water 
form  of  value  as  food  for  man.  While  many  States,  not  so  well  located 
as  Louisiana,  have  realized  years  ago  the  importance  of  studying  and 
protecting  their  coast  products,  it  was  not  until  1898  that  this  State 
passed  an  act,  No.  182,  creating  and  establishing  a  Biologic  Station  upon 
the  coast  for  special  investigation  of  problems  affecting  fish  and  fisheries. 
This  act  provided  for  a  board  of  control  consisting  of  the  Governor  of 
the  State,  the  State  Superintendent  of  Education,  the  Commissioner  of 
Agriculture  and  Immigration  and  the  Presidents  of  the  State  University, 
the  State  Normal,  and  the  State  Industrial  Institute. 

This  board  was  empowered  and  directed  to  locate  said  station  and 
to  provide  for  co-operation  in  its  investigations  with  the  United  States 
Commission  of  Fish  and  Fisheries;  to  offer  its  facilities  under  special 
regulations  to  special  investigators  and  students  of  Biologic  Sciences,  and 
to  publish  in  publications  of  the  Bureau  of  Agriculture  and  Immigration 
such  results  of  investigation  of  said  station,  as  would  be  of  value  in  the  de- 
velopment of  the  Biologic  resources  of  the  State. 

At  the  regular  session  of  the  State  Legislature  in  1900,  Section  2  of 
Act  182  of  1898,  was  amended  and  re-enacted  under  Act  163,  adding  the 
President  of  the  Southwestern  Industrial  Institute  to  the  Board  of 
Control,  and  giving  full  power  and  authority  to  the  Board  of  Control  to 
pass  all  needful  regulations  and  rules  for  the  government  and  manage- 
menr~of  said  station;  to  fix  and  determine  a  scale  of  charges  and  fees 
to  be  paid  by  all  persons  using  said  station  and  its  apparatus,  and  avail- 
ing themselves  of  its  advantages  and  facilities;  to  elect  honorary  mem- 
bers, annual  and  life,  on  such  terms  and  conditions  as  the  Board  may 
provide;  to  accept  donations  of  money  or  property  for  the  benefit  and 
use  of  said  station,  and  to  devote  the  same  to  the  purposes  and  objects 
of  said  station ;  to  acquire  lands  necessary  to  the  extension  or  improvement 
of  the  said  station;  to  receive  all  funds  appropriated  by  the  State  or 
donated  by  persons,  or  institutions,  and  to  control  and  manage  the  same, 
and  disburse  the  same  for  necessary  expenses  of  the  station;  to  fish  un- 
molested, in  any  of  the  public  waters  of  the  State  with  dredging  apparatus^ 
seines,  nets,  trawls,  surface  trawls,  and  all  other  instruments  and  ap- 
paratus for  the  sole  purpose  of  obtaining  the  materials  needed  in  the 
prosecuting  the  purposes  and  necessary  investigations  in  the  directions 
of  the  scientific  objects  for  which  the  stntion  is  established,  as  set  fort'.i 
in  the  original  act;  and  generally  all  power  and  authority  necessary  to 
carry  out  the  purposes  and  objects  of  said  act,  in  investigating  the  Fauna 
and  Flora  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  the  waters  adjacent  thereto. 

An  appropriation  of  $5,000  was  made  by  the  State  Legislature  in 


STATE  INSTITUTIONS.  473 

1900,  which,  under  the  direction  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  tlhe  Board 
of  Control,  has  been  used  to  erect  a  station  building. 

This  building,  which  is  now  (March,  1902,)  complete,  has  been 
carefully  designed  and  is  so  constructed  as  to  give  excellent  facilities  for 
biologic  work,  and  at  the  same  time  reduces  to  a  minimum  any  danger 
from  storms. 

The  United  States  Weather  Bureau  has  placed  upon  the  station 
grounds  a  splendidly  equipped  weather  station,  which  will  not  only  be  of 
invaluable  service  to  the  operations  of  the  station,  but  will,  by  timely 
forecasts  of  high  winds  and  tidal  waves,  protect  the  agricultural  and 
live  stock  interests  of  the  coast  parishes. 

Some  equipment  such  as  seines,  trawls,  tow  nets,  surface  nets,  etc., 
have  been  purchased,  and  during  the  season  of  1901  some  investigations 
were  made.  From  the  results  of  last  season's  collecting  and  observa- 
tion the  location  promises  a  wide  range  of  scientific  investigations.  The 
oyster  beds  of  the  Pass  oifer  excellent  opportunities  for  cultural  investi- 
gations of  value  to  the  oyster  interests  of  the  State. 

The  laboratory  building  will  be  formally  opened  to  students  of 
science  early  in  June  (1902),  after  which  time  active  operations  will  be 
constantly  carried  on  and  the  results  of  all  investigations  published. 

Appropriations  will  be  asked  for  to  further  equip  the  station  and  to 
place  it  upon  a  basis  in  keeping  with  tlie  spirit  of  the  legislative  act 
which  authorized  its  creation. 


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STATE  INSTITUTIONS.  T  47c 


OHAEITY  HOSPITAL. 

This  famed  institution  is  dealt  with  in  this  sketch  as  a  modern 
hospital  and  as  it  exists  to-day.  Its  enlarged  scope  and  usefulness,  and 
its  broad  work,  are  sufficient  for  the  purposes  of  this  publication,  which 
deals  with  the  present  conditions  of  Louisiana,  her  political  economic 
situation,  her  resources  and  advantages,  her  marked  position  as  a  State, 
as  we  now  find  them.  These  would  naturally  embrace  her  great  institu- 
tions, elemosynary  and  otherwise,  and  place  to  the  fore-front  as  a  leader 
of  the  class  the  Charity  Hospital. 

The  antecedent  history  of  the  hospital  reaches  back  legitimately  to 
the  year  1727,  when  is  chonicled  the  arrival  of  seven  Ursuline  Nuns,  with 
four  servants,  whose  specified  duty  it  was  to  take  charge  of  the  Charity 
Hospital  of  New  Orleans.  The  hospital  of  which  they  had  to  take  charge 
on  their  arrival  was  at  the  corner  of  Bienville  and  Conti  streets,  but 
this  was  soon  exchanged  for  a  more  convenient  one  connected  with  the 
Ursulines'  Convent,  corner  of  Conde  and  Ursuline  streets.  With  this 
humble  and  abridged  beginning  the  hospital  increased  its  proportions 
from  time  to  time,  moving  its  location  as  demanded  by  events  and 
casualties  of  fire  and  storm  until,  in  1784,  Don  Andres  Almonaster  Y 
Roxas,  a  rich  and  benevolent  Spaniard,  commenced  the  erection  of  a 
hospital  on  the  west  side  of  Rampart  street,  between  Toulouse  and  St. 
Peter  streets.  It  cost  $114,000.00,  and  two  years  was  occupied  in  building 
it.  The  hospital  founded  by  Almonaster  Y  Roxas  remained  under  the 
patronage  and  direction  of  his  family  until  1811,  when  it  was  ceded  to 
the  public,  the  building,  however,  having  been  previously  destroyed  by 
fire.  By  the  act  of  the  Legislature  accepting  it,  it  was  placed  under  the 
government  of  a  Council  of  Administrators,  nine  in  number,  of  whom  the 
Governor  was  to  appoint  six  and  the  City  Council  three. 

In  1813  it  was  enacted  that  a  Board  of  eight  should  be  appointed  by 
the  Governor  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  the  Governor 
being  ex-officio  a  member.  In  1815  the  Charity  Hospital  was  built  on  the 
square  bounded  by  Common,  Dryades,  Canal  and  Baronne  streets.  In 
1832  the  property  was  sold  tothe  State  and  converted  into  a  State  House. 
With  the  proceeds  of  the  sale,  $125,000.00,  the  Administrators,  at  a  cost 
of  $150,000.00,  purchased  the  square  on  which  the  Charity  Hospital  now 
stands  and  erected  buildings  sufficient  to  accommodate  four  to  five 
hundred  patients.  Additions  have  been  made  from  time  to  time  until  now 
some  800  can  find  beds,  with  comfortable  room  in  case  of  unusual 
pressure  for  at  least  200  additional. 

The  facts  excerpted  mainly  from  the  history  of  the  Charity  Hospital 
by  the  late  Dr.  James  Bums,  and  published  by  authority  by  the  then 
Board  of  Administrators  of  1877,  are  necessarily  inserted  as  preliminary 
to  a  brief  notice  of  the  institution  as  it  is  to-day. 


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STATE  INSTITUTIONS.  477 

Tte  hospital  covers  two  squares  of  ground,  bounded  by  Howard, 
Gravier  and  Magnolia  streets,  and  Tulane  avenue,  a  piece  of  land  700 
feet  in  length  by  430  feet  in  depth.  On  this  plot  is  located  no  less  than 
16  buildings  devoted  to  the  various  purposes  of  the  institution.  The 
front  or  main  building  is  three  stories  high,  300  feet  wide  and  50  feet 
deep,  and  of  itself  contains  34  large  and  well  ventilated  wards.  In  fact 
the  building,  as  it  now  stands,  is  a  model  hospital  of  itself.  Passing 
through  its  transverse  corridor  you  enter  the  A.  B.  Miles  Surgical 
Amphitheatre,  complete  in  all  its  details  for  the  work  of  modem  surgery, 
and  which  means  an  epitome  of  the  progress  of  the  age  in  this  regard. 
In  the  brief  limits  of  this  imperfect  sketch  it  is  impossible  to  embrace 
even  the  leading  features  of  the  Charity  Hospital.  Its  buildings  and 
accessories,  a  large  portion  of  which  are  the  result  of  legacies  and  dona- 
tions made  it  by  philanthropic  citizens  of  New  Orleans,  are  such  as  to 
compare  favorably  with  any  in  the  country.  The  munificent  donation  oi 
Mrs.  D.  A.  Milliken  of  over  $100,000.00  enabled  the  present  Board  of 
Administrators  to  erect  and  furnish  complete  the  Richard  Milliken 
Memorial  Hospital  for  Children.  A  donation  of  $50,000.00  from  a 
benevolent  citizen,  whose  name  has  been  withheld  at  his  request,  has 
enabled  the  erection  of  a  Home  for  Female  Trained  Nurses,  now  about 
ready  for  occupancy.  The  grand  bequest  of  $73,000.00  from  the  late 
W.  T.  Eichards  has  been  partly  used  for  various  improvements  and 
additions,  as  have  many  minor  sums  from  others.  The  people  of  New 
Orleans,  and  the  State  of  Louisiana,  are  justly  proud  of  the  great 
Charity  Hospital  which  is  cared  for  by  the  State  in  a  broad  and  generous 
manner. 

Its  present  government  is  as  follows: 

OFFICERS  CHARITY  HOSPITAL,  NEW  ORLEANS,  LA.,  1902. 

BOARD  OF  ADMINISTRATORS.  ' 

His  Excellency,  W.  W.  Heard,  Ex-officio  President. 
E.  S.  Lewis,  M.  D.,  Vice-President. 
R.  E.  Craig.  John  T.  Gibbons.  A.  R.  Brousseau. 

Geo.  Seeman.  W.  G.  Vincent.  De.  Geo.  S.  Bbl. 

Hunter  C.  Leake.  » 

HOSPITAL  officers. 

Dr.  J.  D.  Bloom House  Surgeon 

Dr.  E.  D.  Fenner 1st  Assistant  House  Surgeon 

Dr.  J.  M.  Batchelor 2nd  Assistant  House  Surgeon  and  Registrar 

Edwin  Marks  Secretary  and  Treasurer 

Dr.  0.  L.  Pothier  •  .Pathologist 

Dr.  M.  Couret Assistant  Pathologist 

Walter  T.  Taylor Chemist  and  Druggiat 

James  R.  Leake  Clerk 

John   Pander    - -•  -Engineer 

attorneys. 
Farrar,  Jonas  &  Kbuttschnitt. 


STATE  INSTITUTIONS.  479 


THE  INSANE  ASYLUM  OF  THE  STATE  OF 

LOUISIANA. 

In  1847  an  act  was  passed  by  the  Legislature  "to  establish  an  Insane 
Asylum  in  the  State  of  Louisiana,"  and  approved  March  5th,  1847.  The 
Asylum  was  located  at  Jackson,  East  Feliciana  Parish,  access  to  which 
was  from  Bayou  Sara,  on  the  Mississippi  river,  thirteen  miles  distant. 

The  Asylum  was  opened  November  21st,  1848,  and  85  patients  were 
lemoved  from  the  New  Orleans  Charity  Hospital,  where  they  were  being 
cared  for  at  that  time.  The  report  of  Dr.  Preston  Pond,  physician  to  the 
Asylum,  December  31st,  1849,  shows  that  130  patients  had  been  admitted, 
and  at  that  date  there  were  75  remaining.  The  following  table,  from 
the  biennial  reports  at  hand,  gives  the  population  of  the  Asylum  at 
different  periods:  Patients 

Tear.  Kemaining. 

December  Slst,  1849  75 

"  1851  78 

«  1853  132 

«  1854  130 

«  1855  162 

«  1856  102 

«  1857  125 

«  1858  137 

«  1859  157 

"  1860  144 

«  1865  172 

«  1867  163 

«  1869  145 

"  1870  163 

«  1871  168 

"  1877  194 

April  1st,  1882  244 

"  1884  472 

«  1888  452 

March  17th,  1890  488 

"  1892  601 

«  1894  717 

«  1896  846 

«  1898  985 

"  1900  1170 

«  1902  1284 


STATE  INSTITUTIONS.  481 

After  New  Orleans  was  captured  by  the  Federals  in  1862,  no  more 
insane  were  sent  from  there  to  Jackson  until  the  close  of  the  war.  New 
Orleans  assumed  charge  of  her  indigent  insane  in  1866  at  the  old  Marine 
Hospital,  which  was  known  as  the  City  Insane  Asylum,  until  1882  when 
they  were  transferred  to  the  State  Insane  Asylum  at  Jackson.  On 
February  5th,  1878,  a  committee  composed  of  Drs.  Charles  Turpin,  John 
J.  Castellanos,  C.  J.  Bickham,  I.  L.  Crawcour,  and  E.  S.  Lewis,  made  an 
elaborate  official  report  upon  the  conditions  of  the  City  Insane  Asylum  to 
the  Mayor  and  Administrators  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  in  which  they 
strongly  condemned  that  institution.  In  1881,  out  of  an  average  of  170 
patients  confined  in  the  City  Insane  Asylum  of  New  Orleans,  69  of  that 
number  died.  They  cost  the  city  in  the  eleven  years  from  1871  to  1881, 
inclusive,  $231,791.41.  There  was  no  epidemic  that  year,  yet  the  annual 
mortality  was  40.5  per  cent.  The  death  rate  in  the  State  Insane  Asylum 
for  1900  was  6.43  per  cent.,  and  in  1901,  5.24  per  cent. 

Previous  to  the  Civil  War  of  1861-65,  not  more  than  a  score  of  "free 
negroes"  were  received  into  the  Asylum,  while  slaves  were  excluded.  The 
insane  slaves,  who  were  comparatively  few  in  numbers,  were  cared  for  on 
the  plantations  by  their  owners. 

Of  the  84  admissions  to  the  State  Insane  Asylum  in  1865,  thirteen 
were  colored  people.  From  that  time  the  negro  began  to  occupy  an 
important  numerical  position  among  the  insane  of  Louisiana.  At  this 
date,  March  17th,  1902,  there  are  465  colored  patients  in  the  Asylum. 

From  1848  to  1852,  Mr.  James  King  was  superintendent  and  Dr. 
Preston  Pond  was  visiting  physician.  In  1852  E.  C.  Power  became 
superintendent.  In  1856  Dr.  G.  W.  Mayberry  became  superintendent. 
In  1857  Dr.  J.  E.  T.  Gourlay  became  superintendent,  succeeded  by  the 
following : 

1858,  Dr.  J.  D.  Barkdull,  who  continued  until  during  the  Civil  War. 

1866,  Dr.  Preston  Pond. 

1870,  Dr.  L.  A.  Burgess. 

1877,  Dr.  J.  W.  Jones,  who  continued  imtil  1890. 

1890,  Dr.  L.  G.  Perkins. 

1892,  Dr.  A.  Gayden,  until  January,  1897. 

1897,  Dr.  Geo.  A.  B.  Hays,  the  present  superintendent. 

At  the  close  of  the  biennial  period,  March  17th,  1896,  there  were  846 
patients  in  the  Asylum.  In  six  years  that  number  has  increased  to  1284, 
as  follows: 

White  males  448 

White  females   371 

Total   white    819—  819 

Colored  males    210 

Colored   females    255 

Total  colored   465—  465 

Grand  total    1284: 


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STATE  INSTITUTIONS.  483 

BOARD  OF  ADMmiSTRATORS. 

The  officers  of  the  asylum  are : 

Governor  W.  W,  Heard President  (Ex-Officio) 

James  P.  Bowman Vice-President 

Zach.  Lea Secretary  and  Treasurer 

William  Lynd.  C.  B.  Hicks. 

E.  C.  Fenner.  N.  S.  Dougherty. 

J.  S.  Landry.  J.  W.  Nicholson. 

E.  S.  Hastings. 

MEDICAL  OFFICERS. 

Geo.  a.  B.  Hays,  M.  D Superintendent 

R.  C.  Kemp,  M.  D Assistant  Superintendent 

W.  E.  Kittredge,  M.  D Assistant  Superintendent 

The  Asylum  is  filled  beyond  its  legitimate  capacity,  but  more  patients 
are  being  received  from  time  to  time. 

At  the  present  time  there  are  not  more  than  fifty  insane  in  the  State 
waiting  for  admission  into  the  Asylum. 


484  STATE  INSTITUTIONS. 


THE  CONFEDERATE   MEMORIAL  HALL, 

NEW  ORLEANS. 

The  Confederate  Memorial  Hall,  of  New  Orleans,  is  the  outgrowth  of 
the  desire  of  the  Benevolent  Associations  of  Confederate  Veterans  in 
New  Orleans,  to  collect  and  preserve  the  relics  and  records  of  the  great 
war  between  the  States,  especially  those  pertaining  to  Louisiana. 

Previous  to  1889,  these  Associations  had  met  in  separate  halls,  where 
each  had  gathered  from  its  members  some  sacred  memento  of  that  war. 
In  that  year,  a  movement  was  started,  among  them,  for  a  hall  in  common, 
and  the  bringing  together  therein  of  their  several  collections. 

This  movement  was  stimulated  by  the  offer  of  Frank  T.  Howard, 
Esq.,  of  New  Orleans,  the  son  of  a  Confederate  veteran  from  Louisiana,  to 
erect  a  suitable  and  handsome  hail  to  meet  the  desire  of  the  different 
Confederate  Veteran  Associations,  and  to  dedicate  it  perpetually  to  thei, 
uses  and  the  preservation  of  their  collections. 

To  give  proper  shape  to  the  matter,  the  Louisiana  Historical  Asso- 
ciation was  organix.ed,  and  chartered  in  1889,  for  ninety-nine  years.  Its 
Board  is  constituted  from  the  membership  of  the  Asosciation  of  the  Army 
of  Tennessee,  the  Association  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  the 
Battalion  of  Washington  Artillery,  the  Association  of  Veterans  of  Con- 
federate States  Cavalry,  and  of  the  Trustees  of  the  Howard  Memorial 
Ivibrary  Association;  five  members  being  selected  by  each,  to  represent 
them  on  the  Board  of  Governors,  who  hold  office  for  a  period  of  one 
year.  Each  Board  of  Governors  elects  from  their  number  a  President  and 
two  Vice  Presidents,  a  secretary,  who  is  Treasurer  also,  and  a  Custodian. 

The  hall  was  dedicated  on  the  8th  of  January,  1891.  Public  interest 
in  it  became  rapidly  aroused,  and  the  collection  was  soon  swollen  in  a 
notable  manner.  Until  1899  the  expenses  of  the  hall  had  been  met 
by  monthly  payments  from  the  Confederate  Associations  using  the  hall 
for  a  meeting  place.  Their  dwindling  resources  warned  them  to  provide 
more  permanently  for  the  maintenance  of  the  Hall;  and  when  the  Consti- 
tutional Convention  of  the  State  met  in  1898,  it  was  applied  to  to  make 
provision  in  the  Constitution  for  "the  maintenance,  in  New  Orleans,  of  n 
Memorial  Hall  or  repository  for  the  collection  of  relics  and  mementoes 
of  the  late  Civil  War,  and  of  other  objects  of  interest."  The  request  was 
incorporated  in  the  Constitution,  and  the  minimum  appropriation  fixed  at 
$1,200.00  per  annum.  This  yearly  sum,  with  not  much  more  than  $100.00 
received  from  contributions  of  visitors,  and  membership  fees,  constitutes 
the  whole  income  upon  which  the  hall  has,  so  far,  been  kept  up  to  the  high 
itandard  of  usefulness  and  attraction  that  it  has  attained.  The  State 
appropriation  is  applied  solely  to  the  maintenance  of  the  collection;  the 


O 


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486  STATE  INSTITUTIONS. 

building  and  its  repairs  are  munificently  attended  to  by  Frank  T.  How- 
ard, Esq.,  who,  beside,  has  made  several  magnificent  contributions  to  the 
collection.  His  benificence  to  the  hall  and  its  collection  aggregates  & 
large  sum  of  money.  In  beauty,  in  completeness",  in  security,  the  hall 
claims  the  admiration  of  all  visitors;  and  their  number  exceeded  20,000 
in  the  past  year. 

It  is  the  meeting  place  of  the  Asosciation  of  the  Army  of  Tennessee, 
the  Association  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  the  Veteran  C  -i 
erate  States  Cavalry  Association,  the  Ladies'  Confederate  Memorial  Aa- 
Bociation,  the  United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy,  Chapter  No.  Y2,  of 
the  Confederate  Employment  Bureau,  Henry  St.  Paul  Camp,  U.  C.  V., 
and  Camp  Beauregard,  United  Sons  Confederate  Veterans.  It  is  head- 
quarters of  the  Louisana  Division  United  Confederate  Veterans,  and  the 
depository  of  the  archives  of  the  general  organization  of  the  United  Con- 
federate Veterans.  The  body  of  Jefferson  Davis  was  lain  in  state  within 
its  walls.  The  Hall  is  the  scene  of  nearly  every  Confederate  function  that 
occurs  in  New  Orleans.  In  no  spot  in  the  South  has  so  much  Confed- 
erate thought,  sentiment,  glory  and  historical  material  been  concen- 
trated. It  stands  unique  in  the  estimation  of  visitors — a  Pantheon  in- 
deed! 

The  collection  numbers  to-day  fully  15,000  articles  of  the  deepest  in- 
terest, and  most  of  them  of  inestimable  value.  There  are  60  battle  flags, 
mostly  of  Louisiana  comamnds;  several  captured  Federal  flags;  300 
framed  oil  paintings,  lithographs,  engravings  and  crayons;  some  500  pho- 
tographs and  daguerrotypes ;  1,000  books  and  pamphlets  from  Jefferson 
Davis'  library;  several  thousand  of  his  official  and  private  papers;' his 
cradle,  his  swords  and  field  glass,  his  watch,,  and  hundreds  of  his  personal 
effects,  and  as  many  more  that  belonged  to  his  daughter.  Miss  Winnie; 
Mrs.  Davis  gave  the  greater  part  of  her  relics,  and  the  most  valuable,  to 
the  Hall.  Mementoes,  papers,  portraits  of  Generals  R.  E.  Lee,  Stonewall 
Jackson,  Albert  Sidney  Johnston,  Jos.  E.  Johnston,  Leonidas  Polk.  Brn- 
ton  Bragg,  Richard  Taylor,  P.  G.  T.  Beauregard,  Henry  W.  Allen,  D.  W. 
Adams,  Harry  T.  Hays,  Leroy  A.  Stafford,  Randall  L.  Gibson,  Zebulon 
York,  W.  E.  Starke,  Blanchard,  Gardner,  Hebert  and  many  others,  too 
numerous  to  be  mentioned,  abound  in  the  archives  and  on  the  walls  that 
enclose  them.  It  would  be  impossible,  except  in  a  catalogue,  to  enumer- 
ate all  the  precious  contents  of  the  hall.  It  stands  unsurpassed  by  no  sim- 
ilar museum  in  the  South,  and  by  few  war  museums  anywhere.  Its  use- 
fulness has  been  invaluable  to  the  State's  Pension  Commissioners,  and  to 
the  Governors  of  the  vSoldiers'  Home  in  their  investigations  of  applicants' 
records.  From  its  300  muster  rolls  and  other  records  of  Louisiana  Con- 
federate troops,  the  true  story  of  our  State's  military  history  during  the 
Civil  "War  will  be  made  possible  of  accomplishment  in  time,  and  with 
more  liberal  appropriation. 

The  officers  of  the  Association  and  members  of  the  Board  of  Gov- 
ernors are  as  follows: 


state  institutions,  487 

Officers  : 

Frank  T.  Howard Honorary  President 

Geo.  a.  Williams President 

Frank  T.  Howahu First  Vice  President 

J.  A.  Chalaron Secretary  and  Treasurer 

Members  of  the  Board. 

Jno.  C.  Henry,  Harry  T.  Howard, 

W.  G.  Vincent,  Frank  A.  Monroe, 

Thos.  Eice,  Chap  Hyams, 

J.  B.  Levert,  Dr.  C.  H.  Tebault, 

J.  L.  Hempstead,  Thos.  L.  Macon, 

J.  C.  Denis,  John  B.  Richardson, 

John  W^  Caldwell,  R.  E.  Craig, 

T.  E.  Davis,  B.  F.  Eshleman, 

W.  L.  Goldsmith,  E.  P.  Cottraux, 

G.  H.  Tichenor,  W.  G.  Coyle, 

Scott  McGehee,  John  H.  Holmes. 


488  STATE  INSTITUTIONS. 


CAMP  NICHOLLS-THE  SOLDIERS'  HOME  OF 

LOUISIANA. 

in  i^arcli,  l&oU,  the  Ueuerai  Assemuiy  oi  tlie  State  edtabiislied  a 
fcjoldiers  Jriome  lor  -Louisiana  and  appropriated  lor  its  establisJiment  and 
mamieuauce  twenty  thousand  dollars. 

The  Directory  was  composed  ot  members  of  the  General  Assembly, 
elected  by  that  body,  and  as  members  of  the  first  board  were  chosen : 
Theo.  F.   Thienneman,   Orleans.     W.  T.  Palfrey,  St.  Mary. 
Geo.  A.  French,  Orleans.  Chas.  A.  iirusle,  Jbervilie. 

Thomas  Murray,  Orleans.  Eugene  Waggaman,  Jetierson. 

Peter  M.  Peterson,  Orleans.  Geo.  W.  Munday,  East  Feliciana. 

Mr.  Thienneman  was  made  President;  Thomas  Murray,  Treasurer; 
Geo.  A.  French,  Secretary. 

The  Home  was  located  at  Mandeville,  in  the  Parish  of  Saint  Tam- 
many, and  from  the  date  of  its  active  operation,  in  May,  1866,  to  January, 

1867,  ninety-six  veterans  of  the  Confederate  Army  were  admitted.  In 
1867  the  Legislature  appropriated  for  the  Home  ten  thousand  dollars,  and 
the  control  remained  with  the  same  Board  until  the  administration  of  the 
affairs  of  the  State  were  changed  by  being  placed  under  military  control, 
and  the  administration  coming  into  power  under  the  Constitution  adopted 

1868.  No  further  appropriations  were  made  and  the  institution  was  dis- 
continued. In  June,  1882,  the  General  Assembly  amended  and  re-enacted 
the  Act  of  1866  and  changed  the  manner  and  form  of  choosing  directors, 
substituting  for  choice  by  the  Legislature  from  among  its  own  members, 
the  appointment  of  the  officers  of  the  Louisiana  Division  of  the  Army  of 
Tennessee  and  those  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  Louisiana,  direct- 
ors of  the  Home. 

In  1898  the  law  was  further  amended  by  declaring  that  the  board 
should  consist  of  fifteen  members;  five  to  be  elected  by  the  Army  of 
Tennessee,  and  five  by  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  and  five  by 
appointment  by  the  Governor. 

The  appropriation  for  the  work  indicated  by  the  act  was  five  thousand 
dollars  for  the  two  succeeding  years.  Under  this  act  the  Board  con- 
sisted of: 


Francis  T.  Niuholls Army  Northern  Virginia,  Louisiana  Div 

Louis  Prados Army  Northern  Virginia,  Louisiana  Div 

John  H.  Murray Army  Northern  Division,  Louisiana  Div 

John  J.  Fitzpatrick Army  Northern  Virginia,  Louisiana  Div 

J.  W.  T.  Leech Army  Northern  Virginia,  Louisiana  Div 

J.  A.  Chalarox Army  Tennessee,  Louisiana  Div 

John  Augustin Army  Tennessee,  Louisiana  Div 

Walter  H.  Eogers Army  Tennessee,  Louisiana  Div 

Alfred  J.  Lewis Army  Tennessee,  Louisiana  Div 

EiCHARD  Lambert Army  Tennessee,  Louisiana  Div 


sion 
sion 
sion 
sion 
sion 
sion 
sion 
sion 
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490  STATE  INSTITUTIONS. 

General  NichoUs  was  chosen  President;  J.  A.  Chalaron  was  chosen 
President  pro  tern.,  John  II.  Murray  Treasurer,  and  Alfred  J.  Lewis  Secre- 
tary, William  Bullett  Superintendent,  and  Miss  Mary  S.  Hill  Matron. 

The  appropriation  by  the  State  was  not  immediately  available,  but  in 
1883  twenty-five  hundred  dollars  were  received  on  account  of  the  year 
1882.  The  Board  acquired  by  purchase  a  tract  of  land  situate  on  Bayou 
Saint  John,  near  Esplanade,  the  present  location  of  the  Home,  which,  in 
compliment  to  the  President  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia  and  the 
Home,  was  called  Camp  Nicholls.  In  May  the  flag  of  Louisiana  was 
raised  on  the  lawn  of  the  Home  by  the  daughter  of  General  Robt.  E.  Lee, 
the  daughter  of  General  Stonewall  Jackson  and  the  daughter  of  General 
D.  H.  Hill.  Mrs.  General  Jackson  had  made  the  flag  and  was  present  on 
the  occasion.  Contributions  were  received  from  private  persons  and  from 
several  parishes,  and  in  September,  1883,  a  sham  battle  was  given  at  the 
Fair  Grounds  under  the  auspices  of  the  two  Confederate  veteran  associa- 
tions of  Northern  Virginia  and  Tennessee,  netting  over  $7000.  With  this, 
added  to  other  amounts,  the  permanent  work  of  establishment  begun  and 
has  been  maintained  to  the  present.  The  Presidents  of  the  Home  have 
been  chosen  alternately  from  these  two  associations,  and  up  to  the  present 
time  have  been : 

Francis  T.  Nicholls Army  of  Northern  Virginia 

Walter  H.  Rogers. Army  of  Tennessee 

David  Zable Army  of  Northern  Virginia 

Alfred  J.  Lewis Army  of  Tennessee 

Joseph  D.  Taylor Army  of  Tennessee 

William  R.  Lyman Army  of  Northern  Virginia 

John  B.  Vinet Army  of  Tennessee 

Edwin  Marks Army  of  Northern  Virginia 

Wm.  E.  Huger Army  of  Tennessee 

Wallace  McChesney Army  of  Northern  Virginia 

Chas.  H.  Luzenberg Army  of  Tennesse<; 

H.  H.  Ward Army  of  Northern  Virgini.i 

Blayney  T.  Walshe Army  of  Northern  Virginia 

Alden  McLellan Army  of  Tennessee 

The  number  of  inmates  in  May,  1892,  was  140.    The  present  Board  of 
Management  is : 

W.  H.  McChesney  President 

M.  B.  Bergeron.  . : Presideni:  Pro  Tern. 

1.  S.  Richards Treasurer 

H.  H.  Ward  Secretary 

E.  H.  Lombard,  E.  DeVerges, 

F.  L.  Place,  Edwin  Marks, 
B.  T.  Walshe,  A.  R.  Blakely, 
J.  W.  Noyes,                                  Louis  Guion, 
Thos.  McPkake,  Alden  McLellan, 

J.  W.  Carnahan. 


Thos.   Higgins Superintendent 


492  STATE  INSTITUTIONS. 


LOUISIANA  STATE  PENITENTIARY. 

The  General  Assembly,  at  its  session  of  1890,  by  Act  No.  70,  carried 
into  effect  Article  196  of  the  new  Constitution,  which  prohibited  any 
form  of  leasing  the  State  prisoners  and  directed  that  they  be  employed 
under  absolute  State  control. 

This  act  established  a  Board  of  Control  and  vested  it  with  ample 
poAver,  with  the  consent  of  the  Governor,  to  purchase  lands,  build  factories 
and  quarter  boats,  establish  manufactures,  contract  for  public  work  and  to 
build  levees  and  public  roads. 

The  first  Board  consisted  of  C.  Harrison  Parker,  president ;  G.  A.  Kill- 
gure,  secretary  and  treasurer,  and  E.  P.  White.  The  latter  resigned  and 
R.  N.  Sims  was  appointed  in  his  stead. 

They  determined  to  continue  the  work  of  levee  building  only  in  so  far 
as  it  could  furnish  for  such  work  first-class  men,  graded  physically,  and 
employ  the  rest  in  agriculture.  For  this  latter  pui-jjose,  Angola  planta- 
tion, on  the  Mississippi  river,  opposite  Red  River,  embracing  8,000  acres 
of  splendid  alluvial  land,  was  purchased  and  some  3,000  acres  put  into 
cultivation  in  1901  in  corn  and  cotton.  The  result  of  the  years'  operation 
was  a  money  revenue  of  some  $92,000.00  with  corn,  hay,  peas,  etc.,  to 
supply  all  wants  for  the  season.  Hope  plantation,  2,800  acres,  on  the 
Bayou  Teche,  was  also  purchased.  This  place  is  devoted  to  sugar  cane 
and  yielded,  in  1901,  a  product  of  1,040,000  pounds  of  sugar,  35,000  gallons 
of  syrup  and  molasses,  besides  16,000  bushels  of  corn,  hay,  potatoes,  peas, 
etc.,  for  the  years'  requirements.  For  1902  about  1,000  acres  were  put 
down  in  seed  cane  and  a  large  crop  is  in  prospect. 

The  crops  sold  and  proceeds  of  levee  work,  for  the  year  1901,  brought 
in  a  revenue  of  $176,000.00,  and  the  agricultural  produce  on  hand  Janu- 
ary 1st,  1902,  and  reserved  for  prison  use  in  1902,  made  up  an  aggregate  of 
some  $26,000.00  above  the  net  cost  of  maintenance.  Henceforth  the  system 
is  expected  to  pay  its  own  expenses  of  operation  and  afford  a  surplus  to 
complete  payments  on  the  property  purchased. 

When  the  Board  took  charge  on  January  1st,  1901,  there  were  1,014 
prisoners,  of  which  128  were  white  and  884  colored,  and  981  men  and  33 
women.    In  April,  1902,  this  total  had  run  up  above  1,200. 

The  death  rate,  under  the  lease  system  for  the  eight  preceding  years 
averaged  a  fraction  over  100  per  annimi,  or  about  10  per  cent,  of  the 
population.  One  year  it  was  21  per  cent.  This  was  cut  down  in  1901  to 
38,  notwithstanding  the  existence  of  small-pox  in  one  camp  when  the 
Board  took  charge.  For  the  first  four  months  of  1902  the  deaths  have 
been  only  8,  which  will  bring  the  rate  down  to  20  in  the  1,000,  or  one-fifth 
of  w'hat  it  had  averaged  previously. 

At  the  present  time  there  are  320  prisoners  at  work  on  the  levees  and 
some  740  on  the  farms.  A  small  factory  at  the  Baton  Rouge  Peniten- 
tiary supplies  the  force  with  shoes  and  clothing.  There  will  be  some 
5,300  acres  in  cotton,  sugar  cane  and  corn  this  year.     A  saw-mill  and 


494  STATE  INSTITUTIONS. 

barrel  factory  on  Angola  are  contemplated  to  utilize  the  raw  material 
there  on  the  timber  lands. 

The  Board  has  constructed  upon  these  farms  permanent  quarters  on 
the  most  approved  sanitary  lines,  which  are  fitted  up  with  steel  beds, 
having  wire  woven  springs.  The  prisoners  are  compelled  to  work  accord- 
ing to  their  strength,  but  they  are  provided  with  the  best  quality  of  food, 
all  they  can  eat,  including  an  abundance  of  vegetables,  and  are  well 
clothed  and  humanely  treated. 

TRe  following  tabular  statement  o:^  the  result  of  the  years'  operations 
of  the  Louisiana  Penitentiary,  under  the  new  system,  will  be  of  interest : 

TOTAL  PRODUCTS  FARMS  AND  LEVEE  CAMPS— 1901. 

Total  product  Angola  State  Farm,  summary,  1901 $114,870  67 

Total  product  Hope  State  Farm,  summary,  1901 55,169  47 

Receipts  Baton  Rouge  Penitentiary,  summary,  1901 3,716  90 

Receipts  and  interest  levee  camps,  summary,  1901 ".  63,781  16 


Grand  total,  1901 $237,538  20 


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MILITARY    DEPARTMENT. 


ilOSTEB  OF  THE 

Louisiana  State  National  Guard. 


Wm.  W.  Heard,  Lieutenant  General — Governor  and  Commander-in-Chief. 

Allen  Jumel,  Major  General — Adjutant  General  and  Chief  of  Staff. 

J.  W.  Dupree,  Brigadier  General — Surgeon  General. 

J.  B.  Vinet,  Brigadier  .General — Chief  of  Ordnance. 

RutHn  G.  Pleasant,  Brigadier  General — Judge  Advocate  General. 

E.  P.  Cottraux,  Brigadier  General — Quartermaster  General. 

John  McGrath,  Brigadier  General — Commissary  General. 

George  W.  Booth,  Brigadier  General — Inspector  General. 

PERSONAL  STAFF  OF  THE  GOVERNOR  OF  LOUISIANA. 

Wm.  H.  Byrnes,  Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Wm.  H.  Price,  Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Henry  G.  Hester,  Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

James  A,  Ware,  Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Ed.  H.  Lombard,  Colonel — ^Aid-de-camp. 

Dudley  Selph,  Colonel — Inspector  General  of  Rifle  Practice. 

Arsene  Perrillat,  Colonel — Chief  of  Engineers. 

Edward  S.  Maunsell,  Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

W.  W.  Ventress,  Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Jas.  T.  Harris,  Colonel — Chief  Signal  Officer. 

Alden  McLellan,  Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Geo.  A.  B.  Hayes,  Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Wm.  K.  Horn,  Lieutenant  Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Isaac  B.  Ellis,  Lieutenant  Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

J.  C.  Andrews,  Lieutenant  Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Roger  de  Montluzin,  Lieutenant  Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Maurice  Generelly,  Lieutenant  Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Wm.  H.  Murray,  Lieutenant  Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Branch  M.  King,  Lieutenant  Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Geo.  S.  Kaussler,  Lieutenant  Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Jas.  J.  Hooper,  Lieutenant  Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

L.  P.  Vinet,  Lieutenant  Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Clement  Story,  Lieutenant  Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Andrew  H.  Gay,  Lieutenant  Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Orris  McLellan,  Lieutenant  Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Ed.  A.  Pike,  Lieutenant  Colonel — Aid-de-camp. 

Edmond  Hayden,  Major — Aid-de-camp  and  Master  of  Transportation. 


500  LOUISIANA  STATE  NATIONAL  GUARD. 

Ed.  A.  Chavanne,  Major — Aid-de-camp. 

E.  J.  Banlett,  Major — Aid-de-camp. 

J.  Stone  Ware,  Major — Aid-de-camp.  ; 

Edward  S.  Cobb,  Major — Aid-de-camp. 

W.  R.  Percy,  Major — Aid-de-camp. 

Alphonse  Prudhomme,  Major — Aid-de-camp. 

John  C.  Blackman,  Major — Aid-de-camp. 

Jas.  P.  Gosseraud,  Major — Aid-de-camp. 

W.  McL.  Fayssoux,  Major — Aid-de-camp. 

Alfred  H.  Isaacson,  Major — Aid-de-camp. 

John  Marks,  Major — Aid-de-camp. 

J.  T.  Buddecke,  Major — Aid-de-camp, 

Frank  Lobrano,  Major — Aid-de-camp  and  Asst.  Q.  M.  General  (State 

Armorer). 
Jas.  B.  Sinnot,  Jr.,  Major — Aid-de-camp. 

FIRST  MILITARY  DIVISION  OR  DISTRICT. 

John  Glynn,  Jr.,  Major  General — Commanding. 

E.  C.  Fenner,  Colonel — Assistant  Adjutant  General. 

Sylvester  Walmsley,  Lieutenant  Colonel — Asst.  Paymaster  General. 

Ernest  T.  Lewis,  Lieutenant  Colonel — Asst.  Surgeon  General. 

R.  B.  Scudder,  Major — Assistant  Quartermaster  General. 

Frank  M.  Kerr,  Major — Inspector  of  Rifle  Practice,  Aid-de-camp. 

J.  Walker  Ross,  Captain — Aid-de-camp. 

Gabriel  Filleul,  Major — Assistant  Inspector  General. 

BATTALION  WASHINGTON  ARTILLERY. 

Jno.  B.  Richardson,  Lieutenant  Colonel — Commanding. 

Harry  M.  Isaacson,  Major. 

Allison  Owen,  Captain — Adjutant. 

Hubert  Palfrey,  Captain — Ordnance  Officer. 

L.  Ed.  Bowman,  Captain — Assistant  Ordnance  Officer. 

Samuel  H.  Peck,  Captain — Commissary. 

Thos.  McC.  Hyman,  Captain — Assistant  Commissary. 

Geo.  Pendercost  Thompson,  Captain — Quartermaster. 

Gus.  Leefe,  Captain — Assistant  Quartermaster. 

Jos.  T.  Scott,  Captain — Surgeon. 

Maxime  Landry,  Captain — Assistant  Surgeon. 

Sidney  St.  John  Eshleman,  Captain — Inspector  Rifle  Practice. 

Battery  "A." 
Sam  Fitzhugh,  Captain.  W.  H.  Seymour,  First  Lieutenant. 

Battery  "B." 

Frank  McKeough,  Captain.  Morris  Barr,  First  Lieutenant. 

Chas.  Pursell,  Second  Lieutenant. 


LOUISIANA  STATE  NATIONAL  GUARD.  601 


Battery  "C." 


Talbot  J.  Bartlette,  Captain.  Edw.  E.  Baily,  Eirst  Lieut.,  Jr. 

Francis  B.  Finny,  First  Lieutenant.    Malcolm  S.  Graham,  Second  Lieut., 

Battery  "D." 

W.  D.  Gardiner,  Captain.  Jno.  T.  Leekert,  Eirst  Lieut.,  Jr. 

W.  C.  Richardson,  First  Lieut.  Calvin  E.  Sorsby,  Second  Lieut. 

Battery  "E." 

E.  P.  Owen,  Captain.  W.  J.  Nelson,  First  Lieut.,  Jr. 

T.  S.  Waterman,  First  Lieut.  Edwin  A.  Fowler,  Second  Lieut. 


BATTALION  ^LOUISIANA  FIELD  ARTILLERY. 

Jno.  P.  .Sullivan,  Lieutenant  Colonel — Commanding. 

Wm.  D.  Chamberlain,  jMajor. 

Daniel  P.  Lawton,  Captain — Chaplain. 

Paul  Gelpi,  Captain,  Assistant  Surgeon. 

Albert  H.  Parker,  Jr.,  Captain. 

W.  J.  Gayle,  Captain — Ordnance  Officer. 

John  Lawler,  Captain — Quartermaster. 

W.  W.  Fredericks,  Captain — Quartermaster. 

'Smile  A.  Hoffman,  Captain — Commissary. 

R.  G.  Hadden,  Captain — Commissary. 

Chas.  H.  Hamilton,  Captain — Adjutant. 

Leonard  C.  Chamberlain,  Captain — Surgeon. 

Marshall  P.  Robertson,  Captain — Assistant  Ordnance  Officer. 

Battery  "A." 

Geo.  W.  Schwebel,  Captain.  Chas.  Albert  Watson,  First  Lieut.,  Jr. 

John  S.  Stout,  First  Lieutenant.       John  A.  Bergey,  Second  Lieutenant. 

Battery  "B." 

Benj.  P.  Delany,  Captain.  Maurice  W.  Heath,  First  Lieut.,  Jr. 

Battery  "C." 

H.  Bol.  Thompson,  Jr.,  Captain.  Jos.  T.  McKendrick,  First  Lieut. 

Ed.  D.  Abadie,  First  Lieutenant,  Jr. 

Battery  "D." 

Fred.  W.  Fromann,  Captain.  Emile  C.  Hohn,  First  Lieutenant. 

Jules  P.  Dumestre,  First  Lieut.,  Jr.    Walter  E.  Lundin,  Second  Lieut. 

Battery  "E." 

Peter  A.  Chopin,  Captain.  Wm.  J.  Young,  First  Lieutenant. 

Gaston  Horaist,  First  Lieutenant,  Jr. 


502  LOUISIANA  STATE  NATIONAL  GUARD. 

FIRST  NAVAL  BATTALION. 

Field  and  Staff. 

J.  W.  Bostick,  Commander. 

Robt.  F.  Spangeuberg,  Lieutenant  Commander — Executive  Officer. 

Hy.  G.  Shaw,  Lieutenant  Commander — Paymaster. 

John  H.  McFarlane,  Lieutenant  Commander — Navigator. 

Robt.  B.  Quick,  Lieutenant  Commander — Navigator. 

Geo.  A.  Sheldon,  Lieutenant  Commander — Inspector  of  Rifle  Practice. 

Rene  A.  Murjihy,  Lieutenant  Commander — Surgeon. 

F.  Codman  Ford,  Lieutenant  Commander — Manin  Officer,  Instructor 

of  Small  Arms. 
John  J.  Hule,  Lieutenant  Commander,  Jr. — Past  Asst.  Paymaster. 
Louis  J.  Genella,  Ensign — Signal  Officer.  * 
Ralph  Handlin,  Ensign — Signal  Officer. 
John  C.  Febiger,  Lieutenant — Ordnance  Officer. 
Richard  C.  Wilson,  Lieutenant  Commander — Chief  Engineer  Officer. 

DnisioN  "A,"  First  Naval  Battalion. 

Chas.  I.  Kiehl,  Lieutenant.  Edward  A.  Gamard,  Ensign. 

Eugene  T.  Chassaignac,  Lieutenant,  Jr.  Grade. 

Division  "B,"  First  Naval  Battalion. 

Irwin  Fuerst,  Lieutenant.  Edmond  J.  Mui-phy,  Ensign. 

Louis  M.  Gibson,  Lieutenant  Jr.  Grade. 


Di\isioN  "C,"  First  Naval  Battalion, 

Henry  B.  Carroll,  Lieutenant.      Walter  L.  Abbott,  Lieut.,  Jr.  Grade. 
William  S.  Delany,  Ensign. 


Division  "D,"  First  Naval  Battalion. 
E.  B.  McKirmey,  Lieutenant.      Ernest  D.  Ivy,  Lieutenant,  Jr. 

•  Division  "E,"  First  Naval  Battalion. 

Thos.  S.  Collins,  Lieutenant.        John  S.  Baird,  Lieut.,  Jr.  Grade. 
■     Don  V.  Dyer,  Ensign. 

Division  "F,"  First  Naval  Battalion. 

John  S.  Barelli,  Lieutenant.         Jas.  A.  Oakes,  Lieut.,  Jr.  Grade. 
David  R.  Aiken,  Ensign. 


LOUISIANA  STATE  NATIONAL  GUARD.  503 

FIEST  KEGIMENT  INFANTRY  L.   S.  N.  G. 

Field  and  Staff. 

Geo.  M.  Hodgdon,  Colonel — Commanding. 

Harry  A.  Benners,  Lieutenant  Colonel. 

01.  W.  Hainkel,  Major. 

Juste  Fontaine,  Jr.,  Major. 

Emmet  L.  Montgomer3\  First  Lieutenant — Adjutant. 

Frank  J.  Chalaron,  Major — Surgeon. 

Allen  Jumel,  Jr.,  Captain — Assistant  Surgeon. 

S.  F.  Mioton,  Captain — Assistant  Surgeon. 

Co:mpany  "A." 
Geo.  H.  Vennard,  Captain.  Alex.  E.  Josephson,  First  Lieutenant. 

Company  "C." 
A.  J.  A.  Parody,  Captain.  Alfred  H.  Ford,  First  Lieutenant. 

Company  "D." 
John  N.  Subbe,  Captain.  Charles  Epstein,  First  Lieutenant. 

Company  "E." 
Geo.  M.  Hainkel,  First  Lieut.     Leon  Brudlove,  Second  Lieutenant. 

Company  "H." 

J.  L.  Madden,  Captain.  W.  F.  Russell,  First  Lieutenant. 

Chris.  C.  Socola,  Second  Lieutenant. 

Company  "K." 

Wm.  J.  Lawler,  Captain.  Chas.  Dittmar,  First  Lieutenant. 

Herman  S.  Patterson,  Second  Lieutenant. 

Company  "L." 
J.  Gaston  Wiltz,  Captain.  Arthur  Fridge,  First  Lieutenant. 

Company  "M." 

John  S.  Larsen,  Captain.  Ambrose  L.  Rowe,  First  Lieutenant. 

James  P.  Boyce,  Second  Lieutenant. 


504  LOUISIANA  STATE  NATIONAL  GUARD. 

SECOND  SEPARATE  COMPANY  INFANTRY. 

(JEFFERSON    PARISH.) 

Jos.  Kaxitz,  Captain.  Thos.  A.  Tillotson,  First  Lieutenant. 

Jno.  R.  Langridge,  Second  Lieutenant. 

FIRST  TROOP  CAVALRY. 

(ORLEANS   PARISH.) 

Adolphe  Rocquet,  Captain.  Wm.  S.  Hero,  Second  Lieutenant. 

Chas.  Robt.  Churchill,  First  LieiArthur  Nolte,  Captain,  Surgeon. 

SIGNAL  CORPS. 

J.  Henry  Warner,  First  Lieut.  Robt.  Weiss,  Jr.,  First  Lieutenant. 

Perry  W.  Falls,  First  Lieutenant,  Assistant  Surgeon. 

FIRST  BATTALION  INFANTRY,  L.  S.  N.  G. 

Field  and  Staff. 
F.  P.  Stubbs,  Jr.,  Major,  Commanding. 

Company  "A,"  First  Battalion  Infantry. 
Lewis  P.  Kilboume,  Captain.       A.  Villere,  Second  Lieutenant. 

Company  "C,"  First  Battalion  Infantry. 

Horace  J.  Sheppard,  Captain.      Louis  H.  Bell,  First  Lieutenant. 
Samuel  G.  Williams,  Second  Lieutenant. 

Company  "D,"  First  Battalion  Infantry. 
Chas.  L.  Oakley,  First  Lieut.  Jno.  P.  Parker,  Jr.,  Second  Lieut. 


PART    III. 


16 


POLITICAL. 


POLITICAL. 


SUFFRAGE  IN  THE  UlSTITED  STATES. 


states. 


Alabama. 


Arkansas. 


California. 

s 


Colorado. 


I 

t 

Connecticut. 
Delaware. . . 

Florida 

Georgia. . . . 


Idaho . 


Illinois . 
Indiana, 


Iowa. 


Req'm'ts  as  to  citizenship. 


Persons  excluded  from  suffrage. 


Citizen   of   the  United'  Convicted  of  treason  or  other  crime 


States,  or  alien  who 
has  declared  inten- 
tion. 
Citizen  of  the  United 
States,  or  alien  who 
has  declared  inten- 
tion. 


punishable      by 
idiots,  or  insane. 


imprisonment. 


Idiots,  insane,  convicted  of  felony 
until   pardoned,   failure   to   pay 
poll  tax.  United  States  soldiers 
j      on  duty  in  State. 
Citizen     by     nativity,  \  Chinese,  insane,  embezzlers  of  pub- 
naturalization,   or  lie  moneys,  convicted  of  infamous 
treaty  of  Queretaro.  |     crime,  person  unable  to  read  Con- 
stitution in  English,  and  to  write 
his  name. 
Citizen   or   alien,  male  Under  guardianship,  insane,  idiots, 
or   female,   who   has      or  imprisoned, 
declared   intention  4 
months  prior  to  elec- 
tion. 
Citizen   of  the  United 
States. 


Citizen    who   has    paid 
registration  fee  of  $1 . 


Citizen   of 
States. 


the  United 


Citizen  of  the  United 
States  who  has  paid 
all  his  taxes  since 
18Y7. 

Citizen  of  the  United 
States,male  or  female 


Citizen  of  the  United 
States. 

Citizen  of  the  United 
States,  or  alien  who 
has  declared  inten- 
tion and  resided  1 
year  in  United  States 
and  6  months  in  State 

Citizen  of  the  United 
States. 


Convicted  of  felony  or  theft,  un- 
less pardoned.  Person  unable  to 
read  Constitution  or  statutes. 

Idiots,  insane,  paupers,  felons.  Per- 
son who  can  not  read  the  English 
language  and  write  his  name. 

Insane,  under  guardianship,  con- 
victed of  felony  or  any  infamous 
crime. 

Idiots,  insane,  convicted  of  crime 
punishable  by  imprisonment  un- 
til pardoned,  failure  to  pay  taxes. 

Under  ffuardianship,  idiots,  insane, 
convicted  of  felony,  treason,  or 
embezzlement  of  public  funds, 
polvgamist  or  bigamist. 

Convicted  of  felony. 

Convicted  of  crime  and  disfran- 
chised by  judgment  of  the  court. 
United  States  soldiers,  sailors, 
find  marines. 


Idiots,   insane, 
mous  crime. 


convicted   of  infa- 


510 


POLITICAL. 


SUFFRAGE  IN   THE  UNITED  STATES. 


states. 


Kansas . 


Kentucky. 
Louisiana. 


Maine. 


Maryland 

Massachusetts. . . 


Michigan. 


Minnesota. 


""W 


Mississippi. 


Missouri. 


Req'm'ts  as  to  citizenship. 


Citizen  of  the  United 
States,  alien  who  has 
declared  intention,  or 
treaties  with  Mexico. 

Citizen  of  the  United 
States. 

Citizen  of  the  United 
States. 


Persons  excluded  from  suffrage. 


Citizen   of   the   United 
States. 


Citizen   of   the   United 
States. 

Citizen   of   the   United 
States. 


Citizen  or  inhabitant 
who  has  declared  in 
tention  under  United 
States  laws  6  months 
before  election  and 
lived  in  State  2i/2 
years. 

Citizen  of  the  United 
States,  or  alien  who 
has  declared  inten- 
tion, and  civilized  In- 
dians. 

Citizen  of  the  United 
States. 


Citizen  of  the  United 
States,  or  alien  who 
has  declared  inten- 
tion not  less  than  1 
year  or  more  than  5 
before  offering  to  vote 


Felons,  insane,  duelists,  rebels,  not 
restored  to  citizenship,  under 
guardianship,  public  embezzlers, 
offering  or  accepting  a  bribe. 

Treason,  felony,  bribery  at  election. 

Idiots,  insane,  convicted  of  treason, 
embezzlement  of  public  funds,  all 
crime  puliishable  by  imprison- 
ment in  penitentiary,  persons  un- 
able to  read  and  write,  and  not 
owning  property  in  the  State  as- 
sessed at  $300,  or  not  the  son  or 
grandson  of  a  citizen  of  the 
United  States  prior  to  Jan.  1, 
1867,  person  who  has  not  paid 
poll  tax. 

Paupers,  persons  under  guardian- 
ship, Indians  not  taxed,  and  in 
1893  all  new  voters  who  cannot 
read  the  Constitution  or  write 
their  own  names  in  English. 

Convicted  of  larceny  or  other  in- 
famotis  crime,  unless  pardoned, 
persons  convicted  of  bribery. 

Paupers  and  persons  under  guar- 
dianship, person  who  cannot  read 
Constitution  in  English  and 
write  his  name. 

Indians,  duelists  and  accessories. 


Convicted  of  treason  or  felony,  un- 
less pardoned,  persons  under 
guardinanship  or  insane. 


Insane,  idiots,  Indians  not  taxed, 
felons,  persons  who  have  not  paid 
taxes,  persons  who  cannot  read  or 
undprstand  Constitution. 

Urtitod  Stntes  soldiers  and  marines, 
paupers,  criminals  convicted  once 
until  pardoned,  felons  and  viola- 
tors of  suffrage  laws  convicted  a 
second  time. 


POUTICAL, 


511 


SUFFRAGE  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


States. 


Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada , 

New  Hampshire 


New  Jersey. 


New  York 

North  Carolina. 


North  Dakota, 


Ohio. 


Oregon . 


Pennsylvania. 


Req'm'ts  as  to  citizenship. 


Citizen  of  the  United 
States. 

Citizen  of  the  United 
States,  or  alien  who 
has  declared  inten- 
tion. 

Citizen  of  the  United 
States. 

Citizen  of  the  United 
States. 


Citizen  of  the  United 
States,  or  alien  who 
has  declared  inten- 
tion 30  days  prior  to 
election. 

Citizen  who  shall  have 
been  a  citizen  for  90 
days. 

Citizen  of  the  United 
States. 


Citizen  of  the  United 
States,  alien  who  has 
declared  intention  1 
year  and  civilized  In- 
dian. 

Citizen  of  the  United 
States. 

Citizen  of  the  United 
States,  or  alien  who 
has  declared  inten- 
tion one  year  preced- 
ing election. 

Citizen  of  the  United 
States  at  least  one 
month,  and  if  22  years 
old  or  more,must  have 
paid  tax  within  two 
years. 


Persons  excluded  from  suffrage. 

Felons,  unless  pardoned,  idiots,  in- 
sane. United  States  soldiers,  sea- 
men, and  marines,  Indians. 
Persons  excluded  from  sulirage. 

Convicts. 


Idiots,  insane,  unpardoned  convicts, 
Indians,  Chinese. 

Paupers  (except  honorably  dis- 
charged United  States  soldiers 
and  sailors),  persons  excused 
from  paying  taxes  at  their  own 
request. 

Idiots,  insane  paupers,  persons  con- 
victed of  crimes  (unless  pardon- 
ed) which  exclude  them  from  be- 
ing witnesses. 

Convicted  of  bribery  or  any  infa- 
mous crime,  Indians  under  tribal 
relations. 

Convicted  of  felony  or  other  infa- 
mous crime,  idiots,  lunatics,  per- 
sons unable  to  read  or  write,  un- 
less lineal  descendant  of  citizen 
of  United  States  prior  to  Jan.  1, 
1867,  non-payment  of  poll  tax. 

Under  guardianship,  persons  non 
compos  mentis,  or  convicted  of 
felony  andy  treason,  unless  re- 
stored to  civil  rights. 

Felony  until  pardoned,  idiots,  in- 
sane. United  States  soldiers  and 
sailors. 

Idiots,  insane,  convicted  of  felony. 
United  States  soldiers  and  sailors, 
Chinese* 


Convicted  of  some  offense  whereby 
right  of  suffrage  is  forfeited, 
non-taxpayers. 


512 


POLITICAL. 


SUFFRAGE  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


States. 


Khode  Island. 


South  Carolina. 


South  Dakota. 
Tennessee 


Texas. 


Utah.... 
Vermont. 

Virginia . 


Washington. .. 
West  Virginia. 
Wisconsin. .. . 


Wyoming. 


Req'm'ts  as  to  citizenship. 


Citizen   of   the   United 
States. 


Citizen   of    the    Uniled 
States. 


Persons  excluded  from  suffrage. 


Citizen  of  the  United 
States,  or  alien  who 
hasdeclared  intention 

Citizen  of  the  United 
States  who  has  paid 
poll  tax  of  preceding 
year. 

Citizen  of  the  United 
States,  or  alien  who 
hasdeclared  intention. 

Citizen,  male  and  fe- 
male. 

Citizen  of  the  United 
States. 


Citizen   of   the   United 
States. 


Citizen   of   the   United 
States. 

Citizen  of  the  State. 


Citizen  of  the  United 
States,  or  alien  who 
has  declared  inten- 
tion. 

Citizen  of  the  United 
States,  male  and  fe- 
male. 


Paupers,  lunatics,  persons  non  com- 
pos mentis,  convicted  of  bribery 
or  infamous  crime  until  restored 
to  right  to  vote  under  guardianship. 

Convicted  of  treason,  murder,  or 
other  infamous  crime,  dueling, 
paupers,  insane,  idiots,  person 
who  has  not  paid  poll  tax,  who 
cannot  read  and  write  any  sec- 
tion of  the  State  Constitution, 
or  can  show  that  he  has  paid  all 
taxes  on  property  within  the  State 
assessed  at  $300. 

Under  guardianship,  idiots,  insane, 
convicted  of  treason  or  felony, 
unless  pardoned. 

Convicted  of  bribery  or  other  in- 
famous offense. 


Idiots,  lunatics,  paupers,  convicted 
of  felony.  United  States  soldiers 
and  seamen. 

Idiots,  insane,  convicted  of  treason 
or  violation  of  election  laws. 

Those  who  have  not  obtained  the 
approbation  of  the  board  of  civil 
authority  of  the  town  in  which 
they  reside. 

Idiots,  lunatics,  convicted  of  bribery 
at  election,  embezzlement  of  pub- 
lic   funds,    treason,   felony   and 
petty  larceny,  duelists  and  abet- 
tors unless  pardoned  by  legislature. 

Indians  not  taxed,  idiots,  insane, 
persons  convicted  of  infamous 
crimes. 

Paupers,  idiots,  lunatics,  convicted 
of  treason,  felony  or  bribery  at 
elections. 

Insane,  under  guardianship,  con- 
victed of  treason  or  felony,  unless 
pardoned,  Indians  having  tribal 
relations. 

Idiots,  insane,  persons  convicted  of 
infamous  crimes  unless  restored 
to  civil  rights,  unable  to  read 
State  Constitution. 


POUTIOAL.  513 


DEMOCRATIC  PARTY 


Platform  Adopted  at  the  National  Convention  Held  at  Kansas  Citt, 

Mo.,  July  5th,  1900. 


We,  the  representatives  of  the  Democratic  Party  of  the  United 
States,  assembled  in  National  Convention  on  the  aniversary  of  the 
adoption  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  do  reaffirm  our  faith  in 
that  immortal  proclamation  of  the  inalienable  rights  of  men  and  our 
allegiance  to  the  Constitution  framed  in  harmony  therewith  by  the  fathers 
of  the  republic.  We  hold  with  the  United  States  Supreme  Court  thut 
the  Declaration  of  Independence  is  the  spirit  of  our  government,  of 
which  the  Constitution  is  the  form  and  letter. 

Source  of  all  Governments. 

We  declare,  again,  that  all  governments  instituted  among  men  derive 
their  just  powers  from  the  consent  of  the  governed;  that  any  govern- 
ment not  based  upon  the  consent  of  the  governed  is  a  tyranny,  and 
that  to  impose  upon  any  people  a  government  of  force  is  to  substitute  the 
methods  of  imperialism  for  those  of  a  republic. 

We  hold  that  the  Constitution  follows  the  flag,  and  denounce  the 
doctrine  that  an  executive  or  Congress,  deriving  their  existence  and 
their  powers  from  the  Constitution,  can  exercise  lawful  authority  beyond 
it  or  in  violation  of  it.  We  assert  that  no  nation  can  long  endure  half  re- 
public, and  half  empire,  and  we  warn  the  American  people  that  imperial- 
ism abroad  will  lead  quickly  and  inevitably  to  despotism  at  home. 

The  Status  of  Porto  Rico. 

Believing  in  these  fundamental  principles,  we  denounce  the  Porto 
Rico  law,  enacted  by  a  Republican  Congress  against  the  protest  and  oppo- 
sition of  the  Democratic  minority,  as  a  bold  and  open  violation  of  the 
nation's  organic  law  and  a  flagrant  breach  of  the  national  good  faith. 
It  imposes  upon  the  people  of  Porto  Rico  a  government  without  their  con- 
sent and  taxation  without  representation.  It  dishonors  the  American 
people  by  repudiating  a  solemn  pledge  made  in  their  behalf  by  the  com- 
manding general  of  our  army,  which  the  Porto  Ricans  welcomed  to  a 


514  POLITICAL. 

peaceful  and  unresisted  occupation  of  their  land.  It  doomed  to  pov- 
erty and  distress  a  people  whose  helplessness  appeals  with  peculiar  force 
to  our  justice  and  magnanimity. 

In  this,  the  first  act  of  its  imperialistic  programme,  the  Eepublican 
party  seeks  to  commit  the  United  States  to  a  colonial  policy,  inconsistent 
with  republican  institutions  and  condemned  by  the  Supreme  Court  in 
numerous  decisions. 

The  Pledge  to  Cuba. 

We  demand  the  prompt  and  honest  fulfillment  of  our  pledge  to  the 
Cuban  people  and  the  world  that  the  United  States  has  no  disposition  nor 
intention  to  exercise  sovereignty,  jurisdiction,  or  control  over  the  Island 
of  Cuba,  except  for  its  pacification. 

The  war  ended  nearly  two  years  ago,  profound  peace  reigns  over  the 
island,  and  still  the  administration  keeps  the  government  of  the  island 
from  its  people,  while  Republican  carpetbag  officals  plunder  its  revenues 
and  exploit  the  colonial  theory  to  the  disgrace  of  the  American  people. 

Policy  Toward  the  Filipinos. 

We  condemn  and  denounce  the  Philippine  policy  of  the  present  ad- 
ministration. It  has  involved  the  republic  in  unnecessary  war,  sacri- 
ficed the  lives  of  many  of  our  noblest  sons  and  placed  the  United  States 
previously  known  and  applauded  throughout  the  world  as  the  cham- 
pion of  freedom,  in  the  false  and  un-American  position  of  crushing  with 
military  force  the  efforts  of  our  former  allies  to  achieve  liberty  and 
self-government. 

The  Filipinos  cannot  be  citizens  without  endangering  our  civiliza- 
tion; they  cannot  be  subjects  without  imperiling  our  form  of  govern- 
ment, and  as  we  are  not  willing  to  surrender  our  civilization  or  to  convert 
the  republic  into  an  empire,  we  favor  an  immediate  declaration  of  the 
nation's  purpose  to  give  the  Filipinos,  first,  a  stable  form  of  government ; 
second,  independence;  and  third,  protection  from  outside  interference 
such  as  has  been  given  for  nearly  a  century  to  the  republics  of  Central 
and  South  America. 

The  greedy  commercialism  which  dictated  the  Philippines  policy  oi 
the  Republican  administration  attempts  to  justify  it  with  the  plea  that 
it  will  pay,  but  even  this  sordid  and  unworthy  plea  fails  when  brought  to 
the  test  of  facts.  The  war  of  criminal  aggression  against  the  Filipinos, 
entailing  an  annual  expense  of  many  millions,  has  already  cost  more 
than  any  possible  profit  that  could  accrue  from  the  entire  Philippines 
trade  for  years  to  come.  Furthermore,  when  trade  is  extended  at  th« 
expense  of  liberty  the  price  is  always  too  high. 

Territorial  Expansion. 

We  are  not  opposed  to  territorial  expansion  when  it  takes  in  de- 
sirable territory  which  can  be  erected  into  States  in  tbe  Union,  and  who3« 


POUTICAL.  515 

people  are  willing  and  fit  to  become  American  citizens.  We  favor  trade 
expansion  by  every  peaceful  and  legitimate  means.  But  we  are  unalter- 
ably oposed  to  the  seizing  or  purchasing  of  distant  islands  to  be  governed 
outside  the  Constitution,  and  whose  people  can  never  become  citizens. 

We  are  in  favor  of  extending  the  republic's  influence  among  the 
nations,  but  believe  that  influence  should  be  extended  not  by  force  and 
violence,  but  thro'  the  persuasive  power  of  a  high  and  honorable  example. 

The  importance  of  other  questions  now  pending  before  the  American 
people  is  in  no  wise  diminished,  and  the  Democratic  party  takes  no  back- 
ward step  from  its  position  on  them,  but  the  burning  issue  of  imperialism 
growng  out  of  the  Spanish  War  involves  the  very  existence  of  the  republic 
and  the  destruction  of  our  free  institutions.  We  regard  it  as  the  para- 
mount issue  of  the  campaign. 

The  Monroe  Doctrine. 

The  declaration  in  the  Eepublican  platform  adopted  at  the  Philadel- 
phia convention,  held  in  June,  1900,  that  the  Republican  party  "stead- 
fastly adheres  to  the  policy  announced  in  the  Monroe  Doctrine,"  is  mani- 
festly insincere  and  deceptive.  This  profession  is  contradicted  by  the 
avowed  policy  of  that  party,  in  opposition  to  the  spirit  of  the  Monroe 
doctrine,  to  acquire  and  hold  sovereignty  over  large  areas  of  territory 
and  large  numbers  of  people  in  the  eastern  hemisphere. 

We  insist  on  the  strict  maintenance  of  the  Monroe  doctrine  in  all 
its  integrity,  both  in  letter  and  in  spirit,  as  necessary  to  prevent  the 
extension  of  European  authority  on  this  continent  and  as  essential  to  our 
supremacy  in  American  affairs.  At  the  same  time  we  declare  that  no 
American  people  shall  ever  be  held  by  force  in  unwilling  subjection  to 
European  authority. 

MlUTARlSM. 

We  oppose  militarism.  It  means  conquest  abroad  and  intimidation 
and  oppression  at  home.  It  means  the  strong  arm  which  has  ever  been 
fatal  to  free  institutions.  It  is  what  millions  of  our  ctizens  have  fled  from 
in  Europe.  It  will  impose  upon  our  peace-loving  people  a  large  standing 
army  and  unnecessary  burden  of  taxation  and  a  constant  menace  to  their 
liberties.  A  small  standing  army  and  a  well-disciplined  State  militia 
are  aiQply  sufficient  in  time  of  peace. 

This  republic  has  no  place  for  a  vast  military  service  and  conscrip- 
tion. When  the  nation  is  in  danger  the  volunteer  soldier  is  his  country's 
best  defender.  The  national  guard  of  the  United  States  should  ever  be 
cherished  in  the  patriotic  hearts  of  a  free  people.  Such  organizations 
are  ever  an  element  of  strength  and  safety.  For  the  first  time  in  our 
history  and  coeval  with  the  Philippine  conquest  has  there  been  a  whole- 
sale departure  from  our  time-honored  and  approved  system  of  volunteer 
organization. 

We  denounce  it  as  an  un-American,  undemocratic  and  unrepublicaa 
and  as  a  subversion  of  the  ancient  and  fixed  principles  of  a  free  people. 


516  poutical. 

Private  Monopolies. 

Private  monopolies  are  indefensible  and  intolerable.  Tliey  destroy 
competition,  control  the  price  of  all  material  and  of  the  finished  product, 
thus  robbing  both  producer  and  consumer.  They  lessen  the  employmem 
of  labor  and  arbitrarily  fix  the  terms  and  conditions  thereof  and  deprive 
individual  energy  and  small  capital  of  their  opportunity  for  betterment. 
They  are  the  most  efficient  means  yet  devised  for  appropriating  the  fruita 
of  industry  to  the  benefit  of  the  few  at  the  expense  of  the  many,  and 
unless  their  insatiate  greed  is  checked  all  wealth  will  be  aggregated  in  • 
few  hands  and  the  republic  destroyed. 

The  dishonest  paltering  with  the  trust  evil  by  the  Republican  party 
in  State  and  national  platforms  is  conclusive  proof  of  the  truth  of  the 
charge  that  trusts  are  the  legitimate  product  of  Republican  policies,  that 
they  are  fostered  by  Republican  laws,  and  that  they  are  protected  by  the 
Republican  administration  in  return  for  campaign  subscriptions  and 
political  support. 

We  pledge  the  Democratic  party  to  an  unceasing  warfare  in  nation. 
State  and  city  against  private  monoply  in  every  form.  Existing  laws 
against  trusts  must  be  enforced  and  more  stringent  ones  must  be  enacted, 
providing  for  publicity  as  to  the  affairs  of  corporations  engaged  in  inter- 
state commerce  and  requiring  all  corporations  to  show,  before  doing 
business  outside  of  the  State  of  their  origin,  that  they  have  no  water 
in  their  stock,  and  that  they  have  not  attempted  and  are  not  attempting  to 
monopolize  any  branch  of  business  or  the  production  of  any  articles  of 
merchandise,  and  the  whole  constitutional  power  of  Congress  over  inter- 
state commerce,  the  mails  and  all  modes  of  interstate  communication 
shall  be  exercised  by  the  enactment  of  comprehensive  laws  upon  the  sub- 
ject of  trusts. 

Tariff  laws  should  be  amended  by  putting  the  products  of  trusts 
upon  the  free  list  to  prevent  monopoly  under  the  plea  of  protection. 

The  failure  of  the  present  Republican  administration,  with  an  abso- 
lute control  over  all  the  branches  of  the  national  government,  to  enact 
any  legislation  designed  to  prevent,  or  even  curtail  the  absorbing  power 
of  trusts  and  illegal  combinations,  or  to  enforce  the  anti-trust  laws  al- 
ready on  the  statute  books,  proves  the  insincerity  of  the  high-sounding 
phrases  of  the  Republican  platform. 

Corporations  should  be  protected  in  all  their  rights  and  their  legiti- 
mate interests  should  be  respected,  but  any  attempt  by  corporations  to  in- 
terfere with  the  public  affairs  of  the  people  or  to  control  the  sovereignty 
which  creates  them  should  be  forbidden  under  such  penalties  as  will  make 
such  attempts  impossible. 

The  Tariff. 

We  condemn  the  Dingley  tariff  law  as  a  trust-breeding  measure, 
skillfully  devised  to  give  the  few  favors  which  they  do  not  deserve  and 
to  place  upon  the  many  burdens  which  they  should  not  bear. 

We  favor  such  an  enlargement  of  the  scope  of  the  interstate  com- 


POUTICAL.  517 

merce  law  as  will  enable  the  commission  to  protect  individuals  and  com- 
munities from  discriminations  and  the  public  from  unjust  and  unfair 
transportation  rates. 

Coinage  of  Silver. 

We  reaffirm  and  indorse  the  principles  of  the  national  Democratic 
platform  adopted  at  Chicago  in  1896;  and  we  reiterate  the  demand  of 
that  platform  for  an  American  financial  system  made  by  the  American 
people  for  themselves,  which  shall  restore  and  maintain  a  bimetallic  price 
level;  and  as  part  of  such  system  the  immediate  restoration  of  the  free 
and  unlimited  coinage  of  silver  and  gold  at  the  present  legal  ratio  of  16  to 
1  without  waiting  for  the  aid  or  consent  of  any  other  nation. 

We  denounce  the  currency  bill  enacted  at  the  last  session  of  Congress 
as  a  step  forward  in  the  Republican  policy  which  aims  to  discredit  th© 
sovereign  right  of  the  national  government  to  issue  all  money,  whether 
coin  or  paper,  and  to  bestow  upon  national  banks  the  power  to  issue  and 
control  the  volume  of  paper  money  for  their  own  benefit. 

A  permanent  national  bank  currency,  secured  by  government  bonds, 
must  have  a  permanent  debt  to  rest  upon,  and  if  the  bank  currency  is 
to  increase  with  population  and  business  the  debt  must  also  increase.  The 
Republican  currency  scheme  is  therefore  a  scheme  for  fastening  upon 
the  tax-payers  a  perpetual  and  growing  debt  for  the  benefit  of  the  banks. 
We  are  opposed  to  this  private  corporation  paper  circulated  as  money, 
but  without  legal  tender  qualities,  and  demand  the  retirement  of  the 
national  bank  notes  as  fast  as  government  paper  or  silver  certificates  can 
be  substituted  for  them. 

Election  of  Senators. 

We  favor  an  amendment  to  the  Federal  const  it  ut.  on  providing  for  the 
election  of  United  States  senators  by  direct  vote  of  the  people,  and  wc 
favor  direct  legislation  wherever  practicable. 

The  Labor  Question. 

We  are  oposed  to  government  by  injunction.  We  denounce  the  black- 
list and  favor  arbitration  as  a  means  of  settling  disputes  be- 
tween corporations  and  their  employes.  In  the  interest  of  Amer- 
ican labor  and  the  uplifting  of  the  workingman  as  the  comer 
stone  of  prosperity  of  our  country  we  recommend  that  Congress 
create  a  department  of  labor  in  charge  of  a  secretary,  with  a  seat  in  the 
cabinet,  believing  that  the  elevation  of  the  American  laborer  will  bring 
with  it  increased  production  and  increased  prosperity  to  our  country  at 
home  and  to  our  commerce  abroad. 

Pensions  fob  Soldiers. 

We  are  proud  of  the  courage  and  fidelity  of  the  American  soldiers  and 
sailors  in  all  our  wars.  We  favor  liberal  pensions  to  them  and  their  de- 
pendents, and  we  reiterate  the  position  taken  in  the  Chicago  platform  in 


518  POLITICAL. 

1896  that  the  fact  of  enlistment  and  service  shall  be  deemed  conclusive  ev- 
idence against  disease  and  disability  before  enlistment. 

The  Isthmian  Canal. 

We  favor  the  immediate  construction,  ownership  and  control  of  the 
Nicaragua  canal  by  the  United  States,  and  we  denounce  the  insincerity 
of  the  plank  in  the  National  Republican  platform  for  an  isthmian  canal 
in  face  of  the  failure  of  the  Republican  majority  to  pass  the  bill  pending 
in  Congress. 

We  condemn  the  Ilay-Pauncefote  treaty  as  a  surrender  of  American 
rights  and  interests,  not  to  be  tolerated  by  the  American  people. 

Admission  of  Territories. 

We  denounce  the  failure  of  the  Republican  party  to  carry  out  its 
pledges  to  grant  Statehood  to  the  territories  of  Arizona,  New  Mexico  and 
Oklahoma  and  we  promise  the  people  of  those  territories  immediate  State- 
hood, and  home  rule  during  their  condition  as  territories ;  and  we  favor 
home  rule  and  a  territorial  form  of  government  for  Alaska  and  Porto 
Rico. 

We  favor  an  intelligent  system  of  improving  the  arid  lands  of  the 
west,  storing  the  waters  for  purposes  of  irrigation  and  the  holding  of 
such  lands  for  actual  settlers. 

Chinese  Exclusion. 

We  favor  the  continuance  and  strict  enforcement  of  the  Chinese 
exclusion  law  and  its  application  to  the  same  classes  of  all  Asiatic  races. 

Sympathy  for  the  Boers. 

Jefferson  said:  "Peace,  commerce  and  honest  friendship  with  all 
nations;  entangling  alliances  with  none."  We  approve  this  wholesome 
doctrine  and  earnestly  protest  against  the  Republican  departure  which 
has  involved  us  in  so-called  politics,  including  the  diplomacy  of  Europe 
and  the  intrigue  and  land-grabbing  of  Asia,  and  we  especially  condemn 
the  ill-concealed  Republican  alliance  with  England,  which  must  mean 
discrimination  against  other  friendly  nations  and  which  has  already 
stifled  the  nation's  voice  while  liberty  is  being  strangled  in  Africa. 

Believing  in  the  principles  of  self-government  and  rejecting,  as  did 
our  forefathers,  the  claim  of  monarchy,  we  view  with  indignation  the 
purpose  of  England  to  overwhelm  with  force  the  South  African  Republics. 
Speaking,  as  we  do,  for  the  entire  American  nation,  except  its  Republican 
officeholders,  and  for  all  free  men  everywhere,  we  extend  our  sympathies 
to  the  heroic  burghers  in  their  unequal  stiniggle  to  maintain  their  liberty 
and   independence. 

Subsidy  Bill. 

We  denounce  the  lavish  appropriations  of  recent  Republican  Con- 
gresses, which  have  kept  taxes  high  and  which  threaten  the  perpetuation 


POLITICAL.  519 

of  the  excessive  war  levies.  We  oppose  the  accumulation  of  a  surplus 
to  be  squandered  in  such  barefaced  frauds  upon  the  taxpayers  as  the 
shipping  subsidy  bill,  which,  under  the  false  pretense  of  prospering 
American  shipbuilding,  would  put  unearned  millions  into  the  pockets  of 
favorite  contributors  to  the  Republican  campaign  fund. 

Reduction  of  War  Taxes. 

We  favor  the  reduction  and  speedy  repeal  of  the  war  taxes  and  a 
return  to  the  time-honored  Democratic  policy  of  strict  economy  in  govern- 
mental expenditures. 

Believing  that  our  most  cherished  institutions  are  in  great  peril,  that 
the  very  existence  of  our  Constitutional  Republic  is  at  stake  and  that  the 
decision  now  to  be  rendered  will  determine  whether  or  not  our  children 
are  to  enjoy  those  blessed  privileges  of  free  government  which  have  made 
the  United  States  great,  prosperous  and  honored,  we  earnestly  ask  for  the 
foregoing  declaration  of  principles  the  hearty  support  of  the  liberty- 
loving  American  people,  regardless  of  previous  party  affiliations. 


DEMOCRATIC  PARTY. 

National  Committee  1900-1904 — Officers. 

U.  S.  Senator  James  K.  Jones,  Chairman, Washington,  D.  C. 

Ex-Gov.  W  .J.  Stone,  Vice-Chairman St.  Louis,  Mo. 

C.  A.  Walsh,  Secretary Ottumwa,  Iowa. 

M.  F.-  DUNLAP,  Treasurer Jacksonville,  Illinois. 

Executive  Committee. 

James  K.  Jones,  Chairman Washington,  D.  0. 

J.  G.  Johnson,  Vice-Chairman Peabody,  Kansas. 

C.  A.  Walsh,  Secretary Ottumwa,  Iowa. 

W.  J.  Stone, St.  Louis,  Mo. 

H.  D.  Clayton Eufaula,  Alt. 

D.  J.  Campan Detroit,  Mich. 

Thos.  Gahan Chicago,  Illinois. 

J.  M.  GuFFEY Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Geo.  Fred  Williams Boston,  Mass. 

T.  D.  O'Brien St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Thos.  Taggart Indianapolis,  Ind. 

James  C.  Dahlman Omaha,  Neb. 

Norman  E.  Mack Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Ways  and  Means  Committee. 

James  K.  Jones,  Chairman Washington,  D.  C. 

John  R.  McLean,  Vice-Chainnan Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

C.  A.  Walsh,  Secretary Ottumwa,  Iowa. 


520  POLITICAL. 

Urey  Woodson  Owensboro,  Kv. 

Adair  Wilson Denver,  Colorado. 

B.  R.  Tillman Trenton,  S.  C. 

d.  G.  Johnson. Peabody,  Kansas. 

T.  E.  Ryan Waukesha,  Wig. 

M.  F.  Tarpey Alameda,  Cal. 

M.  F.  Dunlap,  Treasurer Jacksonville,  HI. 

Press  Committee. 

James  K.  Jones,  Chairman Washington,  D.  C. 

Clark  Howell,  Jr.,  Vice-Chairman Atlanta,  Ga. 

C.  A.  Walsh,  Secretary Ottumwa,  Iowa. 

JosEPHUs  Daniels  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

True  L.  Morris Portsmouth,  N.  H. 

J.  G.  Johnson Peabody,  Kansas. 

David  C.  Dunbar Salt  Lake,  Utah. 

DEMOCRATIC  NATIONAL  COMMITTEE. 

STATE.  members.  ADDRESS. 

Alabama    Henry  D.  Clayton Eufaula. 

Arkansas   James  P.  Clark Little  Rock. 

California    M.  F.  Tarpey Alameda. 

Colorado    Adair  Wilson Denver. 

Connecticut    Homer  S.  Cunimings Stanford. 

Deleware    R.  R.  Kenney Dover. 

Florida Geo.  P.  Raney Tallahassee. 

Georgia    Clark  Howell Atlanta. 

Idaho    E.  M.  Wolfe Mountain  Home. 

Illinois Thomas   Gahan    Chicago. 

Indiana    Thomas  Taggart Indianapolis. 

Iowa   C.   A.  Walsh    Ottumwa. 

Kansas  ".  .C J.  G.  Johnson Peabody. 

Kentucky Urey  Woodson Owensboro. 

Louisiana    N.  C.  Blanchard Shreveport. 

Maine Geo.  E.  Hughes Bath. 

Maryland Arthur  P.  Gorman Laurel. 

Massachusetts George  Fred  Williams Boston. 

Michigan   Daniel  J.  Campau Detroit. 

Minnesota    T.  D.  O'Brien St.  Paul. 

Mississippi    A.  J.  Russell Meridian. 

Missouri    William  J.  Stone St.  Louis. 

Montana    Tohn  N.  M.  Neill Helena. 

Nebraska  James  C.  Dahlman Omaha. 

Nevada J.    R.    Ryan Virginia  City. 

New  Hampshire True  L.  Norris Portsmouth. 

New  Jersey W.   B.   Gourley    Patterson. 

New  York Norman  E.  Mack Buffalo. 

North  Carolina    Josephus  Daniels Raleigh. 

North  Dakota    J.  B.  Eaton^ Fargo. 


POLITICAL.  521 

STATE.  MEMBERS.  '  ADDRESS. 

Ohio   John  R.  McLean Cincinnati. 

Oregon M.  A.  Miller Lebanon. 

Pennsylvania    J.  M.  Guffey Pittsburg. 

Rhode  Island   Geo.  W.  Green Woonsocket. 

South  Carolina    B.  R.  Tillman Trenton. 

South  Dakota Maris  Taylor Huron. 

Tennessee    J  ames  M.  Head Nashville. 

Texas   R.  M.  Johnston Houston. 

Utah    David  C.  Dunbar Salt  Lake. 

Vermont    John  H.  Senter Montpelier. 

Virginia Peter  J.  Otey Lynchburg. 

Washington    W.  H.  Dunphy Walla  Walla. 

West  Virginia   John  T.  McGraw Grafton. 

Wisconsin   T.  E.  Ryan Waukesha, 

Wyoming John  E.  Osborne Rawlins. 

Alaska    Louis  L.  Williams Juneau. 

Arizona    J.  B.  Breathitt Tusoon. 

Oklahoma    J.  R.  Jacobs Shawnee. 

Indian  Territory   

New  Mexico  H.  B.  Ferguson Albuquerque. 

District  of  Columbia 

Hawaii Wm.  H.  Cornwell Honolulu. 


CHAIRMEN    AND    SECRETARIES    OF    STATE    DEMOCRATIC 

COMMITTEES. 

Alabama — John  V.  Smith,  Chairman  Campaign  Committee,  Bir- 
mingham; R.  J.  Lowe,  Chairman  Executive  Committee,  Birmingham; 
John  G.  Pugh,   Secretary,  Birmingham. 

Arkansas — Carroll  Armstrong,  Chairman,Morrillton ;  Gray  Carroll, 
Secretary;  headquarters  Little  Rock. 

California — J.  C.  Simms,  Chairman,  headquarters  California  Hotel, 
San  Francisco;  Thomas  Curran,  Secretary,  San  Francisco. 

Colorado — Milton  Smith,  Chairman,  Denver;  Rod  S.  King,  Secre- 
tary, Denver. 

Connecticut — Nelbert  E.  Gary,  Chairman,  Ridgefield;  David  T. 
McNamara,  Secretary;  headquarters  New  Haven. 

Delaware — Williard  Saulsbury,  Chairman;  headquarters  Wilming- 
ton; C.  C.  Clifford,  Secretary,  Dover. 

Florida — Frank  Clerk,  Chairman,  Jacksonville;  James  E.  Crane, 
Secretary,  Tampa. 

Georgia — F.  G.  DuBignon,  Chairman,  Savannah;  J.  M.  Goldsmith, 
Secretary,  Atlanta. 

Idaho — K.  I.  Perky,  Chairman,  Boise  City;  L.  C.  Rice,'  Secretary, 
Boise  City. 

Illinois — Walter  Watson,  Chairman,  Mt.  Vernon;  Fred  E.  Eldred, 
Secretary,  Chicago. 


522  POLITICAL. 

Indiana — ^Parks  M,  Martin,  Chairman,  Spencer;  W.  H.  Hawkins, 
Secretary,  Indianapolis. 

Iowa — George  A.  Huffman,  Ciiairman,  Des  Moines;  A.  E.  Jackson, 
Secretary,  Tama. 

Kansas — J.  Mack  Love,  Chairman,  Arkansas  City;  W.  H.  L.  Pep- 
perell,  Secretary,  Concordia. 

KENTUCKY — James  B.  McCreary,  Chairman,  Louisville;  J.  M.  Lan- 
sing, Secretary,  Louisville. 

Louisiana — E.  B.  Kruttschnitt,  Chairman,  New  Orleans;  Robert  S. 
Landry,  Secretary,  New  Orleans. 

Maine — George  E.  Hughes,  Chairman,  Bath;  Fred  E.  Beane,  Secre- 
tary, Hallowell. 

^Maryland  —  MuiTy  Vandiver,  Chairman,  headquarters  Baltimore; 
Lloyd  Wilkinson,  Secretary,  Pooomeke  City. 

Massachusetts — Chris.  T.  Callahan,  Chairman,  Holyoke;  W.  S. 
McNary,  Secretary,  Boston. 

Michigan — D.  J.  Campau,  Chairman,  Detroit;  C.  S.  Hampton,  Sec- 
retary, Petosky. 

Minnesota — L.  A.  Rosing,  Chairman,  St.  Paul;  George  S.  Canfield, 
Secretary,  St.  Paul. 

MississiPPi—C.  C.  Miller,  Chairman,  Meridian;  C.  A.  Gordon,  Secre- 
tary, Port  Gibson. 

Missouri — J.  M.  Selbert,  Chairman  (Laclede  Hotel),  St.  Louis;  J. 
H.  Edwards,  Secretary,  Jefierson  City. 

Montana — Walter  Cooper,  Chairman,  Helena;  Harvey  Bliss,  Secre- 
tary, Big  Timber. 

Nebraska — Dr.  P.  L.  Hall,  Chairman,  Omaha ;  Wm.  Cain,  Secretary, 
Omaha. 

Nevada — W.  J.  Westerfield,  Chairman,  Reno;  John  H.  Dennis,  Sec- 
retary, Reno. 

New  Hampshire — John  F.  Amey,  Chairman,  Concord;  T.  H.  Madi- 
gan^  Secretary,  Pittsfield. 

New  Jersey — Wm.  B.  Gourley,  Chairman,  headquarters  Jersey  City; 
W.  K.  Devereaux,  Secretary,  Asbury  Park. 

New  York — Frank  Campbell,  Chairman,  Bath;  John  M.  Carlisle, 
Secretary,  Watertown. 

North  Carolina — F.  M.  Simmons,  Chairman,  Raleigh;  P.  M.  Pear- 
sail,  Secretary,  Raleigh. 

North  Dakota — Thomas  Kleinogel,  Chairman,  headquarters  Fargo; 
E.  C.  Carruth,  Secretary,  Grand  Forks. 

Ohio — George  S.  Long,  Chairman  Executive  Committee,  Columbus; 
E.  A.  Crawford,  Secretary  Executive  Committee,  Columbus. 

Oregon — R.  S.  Sheridan,  Chairman,  Roseburg;  W.  E.  Burke,  Secre- 
tary, Portland. 

Pennsylvania — George  S.  Rilling.  Chairman,  Erie;  J.  F.  Meyer, 
Secretary,  Pottsville. 

Rhode  Island — George  W.  Greene,  Chairman,  Woonsocket;  Patrick 
H.  Quinn,  Secretary,  Providence. 


POLITICAL.  523 

South  Carolina — Willie  Jones,  Chairman,  Columbia;  U.  X.  Qunter, 
Secretary  Columbia. 

South  Dakota — John  Pusey,  Chairman,  Sioux  Falls;  J.  P.  Morrill, 
Secretary,  Sioux  Falls;  John  E..  Wilson,  Chairman  Campaign  Committee, 
Deadwood. 

Tennessee — Morgan  C.  Fitzpatrick,  Chairman,  Nashville;  N.  C. 
Robertson,  Secretary,  Nashville. 

Texas — James  B.  Wells,  Chairman,  San  Antonio;  Jeflf  McLemore, 
Secretary,  San  Antonio. 

Utah — John  W.  Burton,  Chairman,  Salt  Lake  City;  James  Cohoii, 
Secretary,  Salt  Lake  City. 

Virginia — J.  Taylor  Ellyson,  Chairman,  Richmond;  J.  Button,  Sec- 
retary, Walker's  Ford. 

Vermont — Emery  S.  Harris,  Chairman,  Bennin^on;  C.  A.  C.  Jack- 
son, Secretary,  Montpelier. 

Washington — Henry  Driun,  Chairman,  Spokane;  A.  M.  Mecklem, 
Secretary,  Spokane. 

Wisconsin — A.  F.  Warden,  Chairman,  Milwaukee;  C.  J.  Noel,  Sec- 
retary, Marinette. 

Alaska — F.  C.  Hammond,  Chairman,  Juneau;  F.  D.  Kelsey,  Secre- 
tary, Juneau. 

West  Virginia — J.  N.  Miller,  Chairman,  Hinton-Charleston ;  W. 
E.  R.  Byrne,  Secretary,  Charleston, 

Wyoming — Colin  Hunter,  Chairman,  Cheyenne ;  Luke  Voorheea,  Sec- 
retary, Cheyenne. 

Arizona — T.  E.  Parish^  Chairman,  Phoenix;  Frank  P.  Trott,  Secre- 
tary, Phoenix. 

Oklahoma — Wm.  M.  Henderson,  Chairman,  Oklahoma  City;  Verds 
V.  Hardcastle,  Secretary,  Oklahoma  City;  John  T.  Taylor,  Chairman 
Territorial  Committee,  Guthrie. 

New  Mexico — C.  E.  Easley,  Chairman,  Santa  Fe;  A.  E.  Renne- 
han,  Secretary,  Santa  Fe. 

Hawau — Col.  Chas.  McCarthy,  Chairman,  Honolulu;  Ed  M.  Hart, 
Secretary,  Honolulu. 


PLATFORM  OF  THE  DEMOCRATIC  PARTY  OF  THE  STATE 

OF  LOUISIANA. 

adopted  at  the  state  convention  held  in  baton  rouge,  la.,  JULY  3,  1900. 

The  Committee  on  Platform  and  Resolutions  consisting  of  the  fol- 
lowing named  delegates: 

At  Large — Congressman  Robert  F.  Broussard,  Judge  James  M. 
Thompson  and  Senator  T.  C.  Barret. 

First  Congressional  District- — C.  A.  Capdau,  John  D;sTnond,  Sr. 

Second  Congressional  District — E.  B.  Kruttsehnitt,  H.  C.  Cage. 

Third  Congressional  District — ^A.  P.  Pujo,  J.  Y.  Sanders. 


524  POLITICAL. 

Fourth  Congressonal  District— W.  P.  Peyton,  Wm.  Polk. 

Fifth  Congressional  District — G.  W.  Montgomery,  Allen  Barksdale. 

Sixth  Congressiooial  District — Charles  Kilbourne,  A.  V.  Coco — 
reported  as  follows: 

The  Democratic  Party  of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  in  Convention 
assembled,  hereby  adopts  the  following  platform: 

1.  We  reaffirm  our  allegiance  to  the  principles  of  the  Democratic 
Party  as  set  forth  in  the  platform  adopted  by  the  National  Convention 
at  Chicago  in  1896. 

2.  We  hereby  instruct  our  delegates  to  vote  for  the  nomination  of 
William  J.  Bryan  for  the  Presidency  of  the  United  States,  at  the  Kansas 
City   Convention. 

3.  Having  our  faith  grounded  on  the  Declaration  of  Independence, 
we  still  adhere  to  the  doctrine  that:  "All  governments  derive  their  just 
powers  from  the  consent  of  the  governed,"  and  we  therefore  denounce  the 
imperialistic  policy  of  the  present  Republican  administration  as  un- 
American  and  fraught  with  great  danger  to  the  Republican  institutions 
of  our  country,  and  as  subversive  of  the  principles  of  liberty  guaranteed 
by  our  Constitution. 

4.  We  condemn  the  policy  of  the  annexation  of  the  Philippine 
Islands,  adopted  by  the  Republican  Party,  as  a  breach  of  national  honor 
and  as  contrary  to  the  traditions  and  teachings  of  the  founders  of  this 
Republic,  and  we  believe  that  as  soon  as  a  stable  form  of  government  can 
be  established  on  said  islands,  they  should  be  given  their  independence 
on  such  terms  as  may  be  mutually  agreed. 

5.  We  believe  that  the  pledge  made  by  Congress  before  the  war 
with  Spain,  that  Cuba  should  be  free,  should  be  speedily  carried  out, 
and  that  the  government  of  the  island  should  be  handed  over  to  her 
citizens,  so  that  we  may  not  have  a  further  exhibition  of  criminal  pecula- 
tion, to  the  disgrace  and  dishonor  of  American  manhood. 

6.  We  denounce  trusts  and  combinations  in  restraint  of  trade,  and 
demand  such  legislation  by  both  Congress  and  State  governments  as  will 
promptly,  thoroughly  and  effectively  relieve  the  people  from  their  burdens. 

7.  We  believe  that  a  nation  cannot  long  endure  half  Republic  and 
half  Empire,  and  oppose  wars  of  conquest  and  the  acquisition  of  colonial 
possessions. 

8.  We  oppose  militarism.  It  imposes  upon  the  people  an  unneces- 
sary burden  and  is  a  constant  menace  to  their  liberties.  A  small  stand- 
mg  army  and  a  well  equipped  State  militia  are  sufficient  in  time  of  peace; 
in  time  of  war  the  citizen  soldier  should  be  the  Republic's  defense. 

9.  We  earnestly  urge  that  our  levee  system  be  given  liberal  support 
by  the  National  Government;  that  our  waterways  receive  all  necessary 
improvements  and  that  the  channel  of  the  Mississippi  river  be  deepened 
to  the  fullest  extent  required  by  the  wants  of  commerce. 

10.  We  favor  the  immediate  construction  of  the  Nicaragua  Canal 
by  the  United  States  Government  alone,  and  to  be  held  under  its  exclusive 
control   and  protection. 


POLITICAL.  525 

11.  We  favor  the  election  of  United  States  Senators  by  a  direct  vot« 
of  the  people. 

12.  We  extend  our  deepest  sjonpathy  to  the  patriotic  band  of  Boers 
who  are  struggling  against  overwhelming  odds  for  the  right  of  self-gov- 
ernment and  for  their  liberty,  lives  and  homes. 


The  following  sixteen  delegates  to  represent  the  Democracy  at  the 
Kansas  City  Convention,  two  from  each  of  the  six  Congressional  Districts 
and  four  at  large,  were  selected: 

United  States  Senators  S.  D.  McEnery  and  M.  J.  Foster,  Justice 
Blanchard  of  the  Supreme  Court,  who  is  a  member  of  the  National  Com- 
mittee, and  Captain  John  Fitzpatrick  were  selected  as  delegates  at  large. 

First  Congressional  District — Alex  Pujol,  Vic  Mauberret. 

Second  Congressional  District — E.  Howard  McCaleb,  L.  H.  Marrerro. 

Third  Congressional  District— W.  H.  Price,  R.  F.  Broussard. 

Fourth  Congressional  District — J.  M.  Foster,  W.  F.  Blackman. 

Fifth  Congressional  District — W.  W.  Heard,  J.  A.  Ransdell. 

Sixth  Congressional  District — H.  L.  Fuqua,  Marion  L.  Swords. 

Electors  at  Large — R.  H.  Snyder,  Thos.  H.  Lewis. 

First  District — Charles  J.  Theard. 

Second  District— W.  0.  Hart. 

Third  District— E.  McCullom. 

Fourth  District — ^H.  T.  Liverman. 

Fifth  District— Allen  Barksdale. 

Sixth  District— S.  D.  Ellis. 


ROLL  OF  THE  DEMOCRATIC  STATE  CENTRAL  COMMITTEE, 

STATE  OF  LOUISIANA. 

(Appointed  December,  1899,  to  serve  until  December,  1903.) 

NAMES.  POSTOFFICE. 

At  Large — Robt.  F.  Broussard New  Iberia. 

f-Ex.  Com.  John  Brewst(?r 1317  Ursulines  Street. 

Ex.  Com.  C.  C.  Cordill St.  Joseph. 

S.  P.  Colvin Ruston. 

Ex.  Com.  L.  P.  Caillouet Thibodeaux. 

B.  P.  Edwards Bienville. 

Ex.  Com.  *J.  M.  Foster Shreveport. 

Ex.  Com.  John  Fitzpatrick  2024  Canal  Street. 

Peter  Farrell 620  St.  Andrew  Street. 

Sara'l  T.  Gately 4737  Canal  Street. 

C.  Taylor  Gauche 1521  St.  Charles  Ave. 

Ex.  Com.  J.  M.  Gleason Grim.  Court  Bldg. 

Ex.  Com.  Chas.  Janvier 308  Camp  Street. 

Ex.  Com.  Thos.  J.  Kernan Baton  Rouge. 

E.  B.  Kruttschnitt 818  Hennen  Building. 

•Vacancy  ;    dead.       4.Executlve  Committee. 


526  poLinoAL. 

Ex.  Com.  D.S.Kemp Amite  City. 

E.  T.  Lampkin Monroe. 

Thos.  H.  Lewis Upelousas. 

Ex.  Com.  P.  M.  Lambremont (Jonvent. 

A.  S.  Leclerc 701  Koyal  Street. 

E.  Howard  McCaleb 'Z'6'28  St.  Charles  Ave. 

Wm.  iVicCue 2441  J)^.  Peters  Street. 

Wm.  M.  Murphy iaUulah. 

Ex.  Com.  L,  H.  Marrero Amesville. 

T.  J.  Moulin 1823  Frenchmen  Street 

Ex.  Com.  A.  P.  Pujo Lake  Charles. 

Ex.  Com.  O.  0.  Provosty New  Roads. 

Ex.  Com.  C.  Harrison  Parker 1617  St.  Charles  Ave. 

Ex.  Com.  *Geo.  C.  Preot Hennen  Building. 

D.  C.  Scarborough Natchitoches. 

Ex.  Com.  R.  N.  Sims Donaldsonville. 

Ex.  Com.  R.  H.  Snyder St.  Joseph. 

Frank  B.  Thomas 806  Gravier  Street. 

Ex.  Com.  T.  S.  Wilkinson Myrtle  Grove. 

Ex.  Com.  Fred  Zengel 623  Gravier  Street. 

Ex  Officio  Edward  McCollam Ellendale. 

Acadia — Geo.  K.  Bradford Rayne. 

Ascension — H.  C,  Braud Burnside. 

Assimiption — Joe  E.  LeBlanc Paincourtville. 

Avoyelles — Dr.  W.  G.  Branch.- Bunkie. 

Bienville — J.  P.  Harrell Arcadia. 

Bossier — T.  T.  Land Benton. 

Caddo — John  S.  Young Shreveport. 

Calcasieu — John  H.  Poe Lake  Charles. 

Caldwell — J,  J.  Meredith Columbia. 

Cameron — Norbert  LeBoeuf Cameron. 

Catahoula — C.  W.  Fairbanks Sicily  Island. 

Ex.  Com.     Claiborne — C.  W.  Seals Homer. 

Concordia — R.  L.  Castleman L'Argent. 

DeSoto— W.  B.  Hewitt Mansfield. 

East  Baton  Rouge — Wm.  H.  Reynaud.  Baton  Rouge. 

East  Carroll — Dr.  F.  R.  Bernard Lake  Providence. 

East  Feliciana — C.  R.  Lemon Ethel. 

Franklin— T.  B.  Gilbert,  Sr Wisner. 

Grant — John  Randolph Fairmount. 

Iberia — Dr.  Clarence  Pierson New  Iberia. 

Ex.  Com.     Iberville — Jas,  A.  Ware White  Castle. 

Jackson — Wm.  H.  Allen Vernon. 

Jefferson — James   S.  Brady Waggaman. 

Lafourche — H.  N.  Coulon Thibodeaux. 

Lafayette — Julian   Mouton Lafayette. 

Livingston — L.  D.  Allen Denham  Springs. 

Lincoln — S.  M.  Lewis Ruston. 

Madison— J.  T.  McClellan Tallulah. 

Morehouse — W.  D.  Whetstone Oak  Ridge, 

Ex.  Com.     Natchitoches — C.  V.  Porter Natchitoches. 

Ex.  Com.     Orleans,  1st  Ward — *Mike  Fanning.  ..1535  Tchoupitoulas  St. 

•Vacancy ;  dead. 


POLITICAL. 


527 


Ex.  Com.  2nd  Ward— Walter  C.  Murphy. .  .1124  Baronne  Street. 

3rd  Ward— *Kemy  Klock 4140  Canal  Street. 

Ex.  Com.  4th  Ward— V.  Mauberret 1813  Bienville   Street. 

Ex.'  Com.  5th  Ward— Alex.  Pujol 2336  St.  Ann  Street. 

6th  Ward— Chas.  R.  Kennedy 1202  Dorgenois   Street. 

Ex.  Com.  7th  Ward— P.  A.  Capdau 1102  Canal  Street. 

Ex.  Com.  8th  Ward— Jos.  Hirn 2318  Royal  Street. 

9th  Ward — Ferd.  Dudenhefer 600  Elysian  Fields  Ave 

Ex.  Com.  10th  Ward— Robt.  Ewing Daily  States. 

11th  Ward — Jas.  A.  Malloy 521   Washington   Ave. 

Ex.  Com.  12th  Ward — Henry  B.  McMurray.  .912  Constantinople  St. 

Ex.  Com.  13th  Ward— Geo.  J.  Glover 311    Baronne    Street. 

14th  Ward— Hugh  C.  Cage 204  Carondelet  Street. 

Ex.  Com.  15th  Ward — Martin  Behrmann ...   228  Pelican  Avenue. 

Ex.  Com.  16th  Ward— O.  A.  Trezevant 323  Short  Street. 

17th  Ward— Fred.  Deibel 337  St.  Charles  Street. 

Ouachita — TJriah   Millsaps West  Monroe. 

Plaquemine — Dr.  Jno.  N.  Thomas.  ..  .Quarantine  Station. 

Pointe  Coupee — J.  A.  Dayries Pointe  Coupee. 

Ex.  Com.    Rapides— H.  H.  White Alexandria. 

Red  River— J.  T.  S.  Thomas Loves  Lake. 

Richland— W.  N.  Traylor Rayville. 

Sabine— W.  C.  Davis Pleasant  Hill. 

St.  Bernard- E.  E.  Nunez St.   Bernard. 

St.  Charles — A.  Madere Hahnville. 

St.  Helena — J.  M.  Odom Grangeville. 

St.  James — Louis  LeBourgeois Convent. 

St.  John — ^Paul  Berthelot Lucy. 

St.  Landry — E.  B.  Dubuisson Opelousas. 

St.  Martin — A.  F.  Domengeaux Breaux  Bridge. 

St.  Mary— Thos.  J.  SchafFer Franklin. 

St.  Tammany— E.  F.  Perrilloux Slidell. 

Tangipahoa — Clay   Elliott Amite  City. 

Tensas — G.  C.  Goldman Goldman. 

Terrebonne — Harry  Cage Houma. 

Union — R.  B.  Dawkins Farmerville. 

Vermilion — Arlvien   Xnnez Bancker. 

Vernon — Jas.  A.  Monk iTcesville. 

Washington — T.  E.  Bennett Warner. 

Webster — R.  C.  Drew Minden. 

West  Baton  Rouge — Gaudens  Cazes . .  .  Port   Allen. 

West  Carroll- W.  S.  B.  Mitchner Floyd. 

Ex.  Com.     West  Feliciana — S.  McC.  Lawrason.  .  .St.  Francisville. 
Winn— J.  T.  Wallace Winnfield. 

♦Deceased. 

Total  Membership — 111. 

E.  B.  Kruttschnitt,  Chairman Hennen  Building 

Robt.  S.  Landry,  Secretary 204  Carondelet  Street 

HUCH  C.  Cage,  Chairman  Executive  Committee. .    204  Carondelet  Street. 
H.  B.  McMurray,  Sec'y  Ex.  Commitee 912  Constantinople  St, 


528  POLITICAL. 

DEMOCRATIC  PARTY— CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT  COMMIT- 
TEES. 

First  Congressional  District. 

Hon.  Martin  Behrman^  Chairman Algiers. 

Henry  P.  Ducastaing,  Secretary 5th  Ward,  Orleans. 

A.  L.  Lanauze,  Assistant  Secretary 5th  Ward,  Orleans. 

Orleans,  Third  Ward— Clark  Steen,  Ed  J.  Flynn. 

Fourth  Ward — Rudolph  J.  Goebel,  Sidney  Harper. 

Fifth  Ward— Alex  Pujol,  J.  L.  Rock. 

Sixth  Ward — John  Brewster,  A.  L.  Lanauze. 

Seventh  Ward — Ben.  P.  Tiller,  Jos.  E.  Generelly. 

Eighth  Ward— Wm.  McCue,  R.  W.  Riordan. 

Ninth  Ward — Ferd.  Dudenheffer,  H.  H.  Minor. 

Fifteenth  Ward — Martin  Behrman,  T.  J.  Mooney,  H.  T.  Umbach. 

Plaquemine  Parish — Simon  Leopold,  Frank  C.  Mevers. 

St.  Bernard  Parish — E.  E.  Nunez,  Albert  Estopinal,  Jr. 

Second  Congressional  District. 

E.  A.  Brandao,  Chairman Orleans,  13th  Ward. 

CoL.  W.  K.  Horn,  Secretary Orleans,  2d  Ward. 

Orleans,  First  Ward — *Hon.  Mike  Fanning,  Hon.  C.  Taylor  Gauche. 

Second  Ward— Charles  H.  Schenck,  E.  S.  Whitaker. 

Tenth  Ward — Robert  Ewing,  Peter  Farrell. 

Eleventh  Ward — James  Malloy,  L.  O'Donnell. 

Twelfth  Ward— H.  B.  McMurray,  D.  M.  Kilpatrick. 

Thirteenth  Ward — E.  A.  Brandao,  John  T.  Michel,  C.  E.  Murray. 

Fourteenth  Ward — H.  C.  Cage,  M.  W.  Newman. 

Sixteenth  Ward — Edward  Harper,  O.  A.  Trezevant. 

Seventeenth  Ward — J.  Vic  Leclerc,  Henry  Pohlman. 

Jefferson  Parish — L.  H.  Marrero,  Amesville. 

St.  Charles  Parish — A.  Madere,  Haimville. 

St.  John  Parish— Wm.  Hart,  Edgard;  Paul  Berthelot,  Lucy  P.  O.; 
J.  L.  Gaudet,  Edgard. 

St.  James  Parish — P.  M.  Lambremont,  Convent. 

Third  Congressional  District. 

P.  A.  Sompayrac,  Chairman Lake  Charles,  Calcasieu. 

Ed.  G.  Voorhies,  Secretary Lafayette. 

Ascension  Parish — Vic  Maurin,  R.  N.  Simms,  Jr.,  Donaldsonville. 

Assumption  Parish — E.  P.  Munson,  Napoleonville;  Clay  Dugaa, 
Paincourtville. 

Calcasieu  Parish — W.  E.  Steidley,  Lake  Charles;  Dr.  J.  H.  Cooper, 
Welsh. 


POLITICAL.  529 

Cameron  Parish — E.  Sturlese,  Grand  Chenier;  P.  E.  Smith,  Cameron. 

Iberia  Parish — J.  A.  Provost,  Jeanerette,  A.  N.  Muller,  Geo.  M. 
Robertson,  New  Iberia. 

Iberville  Parish — A.  K.  Grace,  Plaquemine;  W.  J.  Gahan,  White 
Castle;  A.  A.  Browne,  Plaquemine. 

Lafayette  Parish — A.  M.  Martin,  Lafayette;  Aurelien  Olivier,  Broua- 
eard. 

Lafourche  Parish — L.  P.  CaiUouet,  Thibodaux;  W.  H.  Price,  Thibo- 
daux. 

St.  Martin  Parish — T.  J.  Labbe,  St.  Martinville;  A.  Domingeaux, 
Breaux  Bridge;  A.  V.  Eournet,  St.  MartinviUe. 

Terrebonne  Parish — John  D.  Shaffer,  Ellend/ale;  Alfred  Daspit, 
Daspit ;   Ed  McCulloni,  Houma. 

St.  Mary  Parish — J.  Y.  Sanders,  Franklin. 

Vermilion  Parish — Adrien  Nunez,  Abbeville. 

Fourth  Congressional  District. 

D.  T.  Stafford,  Chairman Alexandria. 

Leon  R.  Smith,  Secretary Shreveport 

Caddo — J.  A.  Thigpen,  Shreveport. 
Bossier — E.  S.  Dortch,  Taylortown. 
Bienville — J.  H.  Boone,  Arcadia. 
Webster — J.  H.  Thompkins,  Minden. 
Winn— J.  T.  Wallace,  Winnfield. 

Grant 

Rapides — E.  G.  Himter,  Alexandria. 
DeSoto — A.  F.  Jackson,  Mansfield. 
Red  River — L.  R.  Collins,  Coushatta. 
Natchitoches — G.  L.  Trichel,  Natchitoches. 

Members  at  Large. 

D.  T.  Stafford,  Rapides,  Alexandria. 
Leon  R.  Smith,  Caddo,  Shreveport. 
J.  N.  Sandlin,  Minden. 

Fifth  Congressional  District  Committee. 

Catahoula — J.  W.  Walters,  Harrisonburg. 
Caldwell — N.  M.  Davis,  Columbia. 
Claiborne — J.  C.  Madden,  Homer. 
Concordia — J.  S.  Boatner,  Vidalia. 
East  Carroll — E.  J.  Hamley,  Lake  Providence. 
Franklin— T.  B.  Gilbert,  Sr.,  Gilbert. 
Jackson — W.  H.  Allen,  Vernon. 
Lincoln — E.  M.  Graham,  Ruston, 

*Dece»sea. 


530  POUTIOAL. 

Madison — C.  H.  Lucas,  Tallulah. 

Morehouse — A.  H.  Davenport,  Mer  Rouge. 

Ouachita — C.  H.  Trousdale,  Monroe. 

Richland— J.  H.  Guill,  Alto. 

Union — J.  M.  Smith,  Farmerville. 

Tensas — Hugh  TuUis,  St.  Joseph. 

West  Carroll— W.  S.  B.  Mitchener,  Floyd. 

Sixth  Congressional  District. 

Hon.  Milton  L,  Strickland,  Chairman Greensburg 

Hon.  James  H.  Murphy,  Secretary Covington 

Arcadia  Parish — P.  S.  Pugh,  Crowley. 

Avoyelles  Parish — W.  D.  Haas,  Bunkie. 

East  Baton  Rouge  Parish — N.  S.  Dougherty,  Baton  Rouge. 

West  Baton  Rouge  Parish — Thos.  G.  Gwin,  Port  Allen. 

East  Feliciana  Parish — W.  R.  Perkins,  Norwood. 

Livingston  Parish — F.  W.  Miscar,  Denham  Springs. 

St.  Helena  Parish — E.  B.  Watson,  Greensburg. 

St.  Landry  Parish — E.  B.  Dubuisson,  Opelousas. 

St.  Tammany  Parish — Geo.  H.  Gause,  Covington. 

Tangipahoa  Parish — Bolivar  Edwards,  Amite  City. 

Pointe  Coupee  Parish ,  . 

Washington  Parish — Gordon  W.  Goodbee,  Franklinton. 
At  Large — M.  L.  Strickland,  H.  E,  Estorge,  J.  C.  Johnson,  L.  B. 
Claiborne,  J.  S.  Settoon,  M.  P.  Robertson. 


POLITIOAL.  531 


REPUBLICAN  PARTY. 


Platform  Adopted  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  June  20,  1900. 


The  Republicans  of  the  TJnited  States,  through  their  chosen  Repre- 
sentatives, met  in  National  Convention,  looking  back  upon  an  unsur- 
passed record  of  achievement  and  looking  forward  into  a  great  field  of 
duty  and  opportunity  and  appealing  to  the  judgment  of  their  country- 
men, make  these  declarations: 

The  expectation  in  which  the  American  people,  turning  from  the 
Democratic  Party,  intrusted  power  four  years  ago  to  a  Republican  chief 
magistrate  and  a  Republican  Congress,  has  been  met  and  satisfied.  When 
the  people  then  assembled  at  the  polls,  after  a  term  of  Democratic  legisla- 
tion and  administration,  business  was  dead,  industry  was  paralyzed  and  the 
national  credit  disastrously  impaired.  The  country's  capital  was  hidden 
away  and  its  labor  distressed  and  unemployed. 

The  Democrats  had  no  other  plan  with  which  to  improve  the  ruinous 
conditions  which  they  had  themselves  produced  than  to  coin  silver  at  the 
ratio  of  16  to  1.  The  Republican  Party,  denouncing  this  plan  as  sure  to 
produce  conditions  even  worse  than  those  from  which  relief  was  sought, 
promised  to  restore  prosperity  by  means  of  two  legislative  measures — 
a  protective  tariff  and  a  law  making  gold  the  standard  of  value. 

The  people,  by  great  majorities  issued  to  the  Republican  Party  a 
commission  to  enact  these  laws.  This  commission  has  been  executed,  and 
the  Republican  promise  is  redeemed.  Prosperity  more  general  and  more 
abundant  than  we  have  ever  known  has  followed  these  enactments.  There 
is  no  longer  controversy  as  to  the  value  of  any  government  obligations. 
Every  American  dollar  is  a  gold  dollar  or  its  assured  equivalent,  and  the 
American  credit  stands  higher  than  that  of  any  nation.  Capital  is  fully 
employed  and  everywhere  labor  is  profitably  occupied. 

The  War  and  Its  Results. 

No  single  fact  can  more  strikingly  tell  the  story  of  what  Republican 
government  means  to  the  country  than  this — ^that  while  during  the  whole 
I)eriod  of  107  years,  from  1790  to  1897.  there  was  an  excess  of  exports 
over  imports  of  only  $383,028,497,  there  has  been  in  the  short  three  years 
of  the  present  Republican  administration  an  excess  of  exports  over 
imports  in  the  enormous  sum  of  $1,483,537,094. 

And,  while  the  American  people,  sustained  by  this  Republican  legis- 
lation, have  been  achieving  these  splendid  triumphs  in  their  business  and 
commerce,  they  have  conducted  and  in  victory  concluded  a  war  for  liberty 
and  human  rights. 


532  POLITIOAL. 

No  thougiits  of  national  aggrandizement  tarnish  the  high  purpose 
with  which  American  standards  were  unfurled.  It  was  a  war  unsought 
and  patiently  resisted,  but  when  it  came  the  American  government  waa 
ready.  Its  fleets  were  cleared  for  action.  Its  armies  were  in  the  field, 
and  the  quick  and  signal  triumph  of  its  forces  on  land  and  sea  bore  equal 
tribute  to  the  courage  of  American  soldiers  and  sailors  and  to  the  skill 
and  foresight  of  Republican  statesmanship.  To  10,000,000  of  the  human 
race  there  was  given  "a  new  birth  of  freedom,"  and  to  the  American 
people  a  new  and  noble  responsibility. 

Indorsement  of  the  President. 

We  indorse  the  administration  of  William  McKinley.  Its  acts  have 
been  established  in  wisdom  and  in  patriotism,  and  at  home  and  abroad 
it  has  distinctly  elevated  and  extended  the  influence  of  the  American 
nation.  Walking  untried  paths  and  facing  unforeseen  responsibilities, 
President  McKinley  has  been  in  every  situation  the  true  American  patriot 
and  the  upright  statesman,  clear  in  vision,  strong  in  judgment,  firm  in 
action,  always  inspiring  and  deserving  the  confidence  of  his  countrymen. 

Democratic  Rule. 

In  asking  the  American  people  to  indorse  this  Republican  record 
and  to  renew  their  commission  to  the  Republican  Party,  we  remind  them 
of  the  fact  that  the  menace  to  their  prosperity  has  always  resided  in 
Democratic  principles,  and  no  less  in  the  general  incapacity  of  the  Demo- 
cratic Party  to  conduct  public  affairs. 

The  prime  essential  of  business  prosperity  is  public  confidence  in  the 
good  sense  of  the  government  and  in  its  ability  to  deal  intelligently  with 
each  new  problem  of  administration  and  legislation.  That  confidence 
the  Democratic  Party  has  never  earned.  It  is  hopelessly  inadequate,  and 
the  country's  prosperity,  when  Democratic  success  at  the  polls  is  an- 
nounced, halts  and  ceases  in  mere  anticipation  of  Democratic  blunders 
and  failures. 

The  Gold  Standard. 

We  renew  allegiance  to  the  principle  of  the  gold  standard  and  declare 
our  confidence  in  the  wisdom  of  the  legislation  of  the  Fifty-sixth  Con- 
gress, by  which  the  parity  of  all  our  money  and  the  stability  of  our  cur- 
rency on  a  gold  basis  has  been  secured. 

We  recognize  that  interest  rates  are  a  potent  factor  in  production 
and  business  activity,  and  for  the  purpose  of  further  equalizing  and  of 
further  lowering  the  rates  of  interest,  we  favor  such  monetary  legislation 
as  will  enable  the  varying  needs  of  the  season  and  of  all  sections  to  be 
promptly  met  in  order  that  trade  may  be  evenly  sustained,  labor  steadily 
employed  and  commerce  enlarged. 

The  volume  of  money  in  circulation  was  never  so  great  per  capita 
as  it  is  to-day. 

We  declare  our  steadfast  opposition  to  the  free  and  unlimited  coin- 


POLITICAL.  533 

age  of  silver.  No  measure  to  that  end  could  be  considered  which  was 
without  the  support  of  the  leading  commercial  countries  of  the  world. 
However  firmly  Republican  legislation  may  seem  to  have  secured 
the  country  against  the  peril  of  base  and  discredited  currency,  the  elec- 
tion of  a  Democratic  president  could  not  fail  to  impair  the  country's 
credit  and  to  bring  once  more  into  question  the  intention  of  the  Ameri- 
can people  to  maintain  upon  the  gold  standard  the  parity  of  their  money 
circulation.  The  Democratic  party  must  be  convinced  that  the  American 
people  will  never  tolerate  the  Chicago  platform. 

Trusts  and  Monopolies. 

We  recognize  the  necessity  and  propriety  of  the  honest  co-operation 
of  capital  to  meet  new  business  conditions,  and  especially  to  extend  our 
rapidly  increasing  foreign  trade,  but  we  condemn  all  conspiracies  and 
combinations  intended  to  restrict  business,  to  create  monopolies,  to  limit 
production  or  to  control  prices,  and  favor  such  legislation  as  will  effec- 
tually restrain  and  prevent  all  such  abuses,  protect  and  promote  competi- 
tion, and  secure  the  rights  of  producers,  laborers  and  all  who  are  engaged 
in  industry  and  commerce. 

The  Tariff  and  Protection. 

We  renew  our  faith  in  the  policy  of  protection  to  American  labor. 
In  that  policy  our  industries  have  been  established,  diversified  and  main- 
tained. By  protecting  the  home  market  the  competition  has  been  stimu- 
lated and  production  cheapened.  Opportunity  to  the  inventive  genius 
of  our  people  has  been  secured  and  wages  in  every  department  of  labor 
maintained  at  high  rates,  higher  now  than  ever  before,  always  distinguish- 
ing our  working  people  in  their  better  conditions  of  life  from  those  of  any 
competing  country.  Enjoying  the  blessings  of  American  common  schools, 
secure  in  the  right  of  self-government  and  protected  in  the  occupancy  of 
their  own  markets,  their  constantly  increasing  knowledge  and  skill  have 
enabled  them  finally  to  enter  the  markets  of  the  world. 

We  favor  the  associated  policy  of  reciprocity,  so  directed  as  to  op'^n 
our  markets  on  favorable  terms  for  what  we  do  not  ourselves  produce  in 
■Return  for  free  foreign  markets. 

Restriction  of  Immigration. 

In  the  further  interest  of  American  workmen,  we  favor  a  more  effec- 
tive restriction  of  the  immigration  of  cheap  labor  from  foreign  lands, 
the  extension  of  opportunities  of  education  for  working  children,  the 
raising  of  the  age  limit  for  child  labor,  the  protection  of  free  labor  as 
against  contract  convict  labor,  and  an  effective  system  of  labor  insurance. 

Our  Carrying  Trade. 

Our  present  dependence  upon  foreign  shipping  for  nine-tenths  of  our 
foreign  carrying  is  a  great  loss  to  the  industry  of  this  country.  It  is 
also  a  serious  danger  to  our  trade,  for  its  sudden  withdrawal  in  the  event 


534  POLITICAL. 

of  European  war  would  seriously  cripple  our  expanding  foreign  commerce. 
The  national  defense  and  naval  efficiency  of  this  country,  moreover,  sup- 
ply a  compelling  reason  for  legislation  which  will  enable  us  to  recover 
our  former  place  among  the  trade-carrying  fleets  of  the  world. 

Soldiers'  Pension. 

The  nation  owes  a  debt  of  profound  gratitude  to  the  soldiers  and 
sailors  who  have  fought  its  battles,  and  it  is  the  government's  duty  to 
provide  for  the  survivors  and  for  the  widows  and  orphans  of  those  who 
have  fallen  in  the  country's  wars.  The  pension  laws,  founded  in  this 
just  sentiment,  should  be  liberal  and  should  be  liberally  administered,  and 
preference  should  be  given  wherever  practicable  with  respect  to  employ- 
ment in  the  public  service  to  soldiers  and  sailors  and  to  their  widows  and 
orphans. 

Civil  Service  Eeform. 

We  commend  the  policy  of  the  Republican  Party  in  maintaining 
the  efficiency  of  the  civil  service.  The  administration  has  acted  wisely 
in  its  effort  to  secure  for  public  service  in  Cuba,  Porto  Rico,  Hawaii  and 
the  Philippine  Islands  only  those  whose  fitness  has  been  determined  by 
training  and  experience.  We  believe  that  employment  in  the  public 
service  in  these  territories  should  be  confined  as  far  as  practicable  to  their 
inhabitants. 

The  Colored  Voter. 

It  was  the  plain  purpose  of  the  Fifteenth  Amendment  to  the  Consti- 
tution to  prevent  discrimination  on  account  of  race  or  color  in  regulating 
the  elective  franchise.  Devices  of  State  governments,  whether  by  statu- 
tory or  Constitutional  enactment,  to  avoid  the  purpose  of  this  amend- 
ment, are  revolutionary  and  should  be  condemned. 

Roads  and  Rural  Mail  Delivery. 

Public  movements  looking  to  a  permanent  improvement  of  the  roads 
and  highways  of  the  country  meet  with  our  cordial  approval,  and  we 
recommend  this  subject  to  the  earnest  consideration  of  the  people  and  of 
the  legislatures  of  the  several  States. 

We  favor  the  extension  of  the  rural  free  delivery  service  wherever 
its  extension  may  be  justified. 

In  further  pursuance  of  the  constant  policy  of  the  Republican  Party 
•to  provide  free  homes  on  the  public  domain,  we  recommend  adequate 
national  legislation  to  reclaim  the  arid  lands  of  the  United  States,  reserv- 
ing control  of  the  distribution  of  water  for  irrigation  to  the  respective 
States  and  Territories. 

Admission  of  Territories. 

We  favor  home  rule  for  and  the  early  admission  to  Statehood  of  the 
Territories  of  New  Mexico,  Arizona  and  Oklahoma. 


POLITICAL.  535 


War  Taxes. 


The  Dingley  Act,  amended  to  provide  sufficient  revenue  for  the  con- 
duct of  the  war  has  so  well  performed  its  work  that  it  has  been  possible 
to  reduce  the  war  debt  in  the  sura  of  $40,000,000.  So  ample  are  the  gov- 
ernment's revenues  and  so  great  is  the  public  confidence  in  the  integrity 
of  its  obligations  that  its  newly  funded  2  per  cent,  bonds  sell  at  a  premium. 
The  country  is  now  justified  in  expecting,  and  it  will  be  the  policy  of  the 
Republican  Party  to  bring  about,  a  reduction  of  the  war  taxes. 

The  Nicaragua  Canal. 

We  favor  the  construction,  ownership  control  and  protection  of  an 
isthmian  canal  by  the  government  of  the  United  States. 

New  Foreign  Markets. 

New  markets  are  necessary  for  the  increasing  surplus  of  our  farm 
products.  Every  effort  should  be  made  to  open  and  obtain  new  markets, 
especially  in  the  Orient,  and  the  administration  is  warmly  to  be  com- 
mended for  its  successful  effort  to  commit  all  trading  and  colonizing 
nations  to  the  policy  of  the  open  door  in  China. 

In  the  interest  of  our  expanding  commerce,  we  recommend  that  Con- 
gress create  a  department  of  commerce  and  industries  in  the  charge  of  a 
secretary  with  a  seat  in  the  cabinet.  The  United  States  consular  system 
should  be  reorganized  under  the  supervision  of  this  new  department  upon 
such  a  basis  of  appointment  and  tenure  as  will  render  it  still  more  service- 
able to  the  nation's  increasing  trade. 

The  American  government  must  protect  the  person  and  property  of 
every  citizen  wherever  they  are  wrongfully  violated  or  placed  in  peril. 

The  American  Women. 

We  congratulate  the  women  of  America  upon  their  splendid  record 
of  public  service  in  the  Volunteer  Aid  Association,  and  as  nurses  in  camp 
and  hospital  during  the  recent  campaigns  of  our  armies  in  the  Eastern 
and  Western  Indies,  and  we  appreciate  their  faithful  co-operation  in  all 
works  of  education  and  industry. 

Cession  of  Samoa, 

President  McKinley  has  conducted  the  foreign  affairs  of  the  United 
States  with  distinguished  credit  to  the  American  people.  In  releasing  U9 
from  the  vexatious  conditions  of  a  European  alliance  for  the  government 
of  Samoa  his  course  is  especially  to  be  commended.  By  securing  to  our 
undivided  control  the  most  important  island  of  the  Samoan  group  and  the 
best  harbor  in  the  Southern  Pacific  every  American  interest  has  been 
safeguarded. 

We  approve  the  annexation  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands  to  the  United 
States. 


536  political. 

Sympathy  for  the  Boers. 

We  commend  the  part  taken  by  oiir  government  in  the  Peace  Con- 
ference at  The  Hague. 

We  assert  our  steadfast  adherence  to  the  policy  announced  in  the 
Monroe  doctrine. 

The  provisions  of  The  Hague  Convention  were  wisely  regarded  when 
President  McKinley  tendered  his  friendly  offices  in  the  interest  of  peace 
between  Great  Britain  and  the  South  African  Republics.  While  the 
American  government  must  continue  the  policy  prescribed  by  Washing- 
ton, affirmed  by  every  succeeding  president  and  imposed  upon  us  by  The 
Hague  treaty,  of  non-intereference  in  European  controversies,  the  Ameri- 
can people  earnestly  hope  that  a  way  may  soon  be  found,  honorable  alike 
to  both  contending  parties,  to  terminate  the  strife  between  them. 

Cuba  and  the  Philippines. 

In  accepting,  by  the  treaty  of  Paris,  the  just  responsibility  of  our 
victories  in  the  Spanisii  war,  the  President  and  Senate  won  the  undoubted 
approval  of  the  American  people.  No  other  course  was  possible  than  to 
destroy  Spain's  sovereignty  throughout  the  West  Indies  and  in  the  Phil- 
ippine Islands.  That  course  created  our  responsibility  before  the  world 
and  with  the  unorganized  population  whom  our  intervention  had  freed 
from  Spain  to  provide  for  the  maintenance  of  law  and  order  and  for  the 
establishment  of  good  government  and  for  the  performance  of  interna- 
tional obligations. 

Our  authority  could  not  be  less  than  our  responsibility,  and  wherever 
sovereign  rights  were  extended  it  became  the  high  duty  of  the  government 
to  maintain  its  authority,  to  put  down  armed  insurrection  and  to  confer 
the  blessings  of  liberty  and  civilization  upon  all  the  rescued  peoples.  The 
largest  measure  of  self-government  consistent  with  their  welfare  and  our 
duties  shall  be  secured  to  them  by  law. 

To  Cuba  independence  and  self-government  were  assured  in  the  same 
voice  by  which  war  was  declared,  and  to  the  letter  this  pledge  shall  be 
performed. 

The  Republican  Party,  upon  its  history  and  upon  this  declaration  of 
its  principles  and  policies,  confidently  invokes  the  considerate  and  approv- 
ing judgment  of  the  American  people. 


REPUBLICAN  NATIONAL  COMMITTEE— 1900-1904. 

(Headquarters,  Chicago  and  New  York.) 

M.  A.  Hanna,  Chairman Ohio. 

Perry  S.  Heath,  Secretary Indiana. 

Cornelius  N.  Bliss,  Treasurer New  York. 

VoLNEY  W.  Foster,  Asst.  Treasurer Illinois. 

EnwiN  F.  Brown,  Subtreasurer Illinois. 

Geo.  N.  Wiswell,  Sergeant-at-Arms Wia. 


POLITICAL.  537 

STATE.  MEMBER.  ADDRESS. 

Alabama   J.  W.  Demmick Montgomery. 

Alaska    John  G.  Held Juneau. 

Arizona    W.   M.   GriiStli Tucson. 

Arkansas    Powell  Clayton Eureka  Springs. 

California   W.  C.  Van  Fleet San  Francisco. 

Colorado    E.  O.  Wolcott Denver. 

Connecticut    Chas.  F.   Brooker Ansonia. 

Delaware   J.  E.  Addicks ...  .Wilming-ton. 

District  of  Columbia.  .  M.  M.  Parker Washington. 

Florida    John  G.  Long St.  Augustine. 

Georgia    J.  W.  Lyons Augusta. 

Hawaii H.  M.  Sewell Honolulu. 

Idaho   G.  L.  Shoup Salmon  City. 

Hlinois  Graeme  Stewart Chicago. 

Indiana    Harry  S.  New Indianapolis. 

Indian  Territoiy W.  M.  Mellette Vinita. 

Iowa   Ernest  E.  Hart Council  Bluffs. 

Kansas D.  W.  Mulvane Topeka. 

Kentucky    John  W.  Yerkes Danville. 

Louisiana   Lewis  S.  Clark    Patterson. 

Maine J.  LI    Manley Augusta. 

Maryland L.  E.  McCoraas Plagerstown. 

Massachusetts    Geo.  V.  L.  Meyer Boston. 

Michigan Wm.  H.  Elliot Detroit. 

Minnesota   T.  LI.  Shevlin IMinneapolis. 

Mississippi    H.  C.  Turley Natchez. 

Missouri    R.  C.  Kerens St.  Louis. 

Montana    W.  H.  De  Witt Butte. 

Nebraska R.  B.   Schneider Ereraont. 

Nevada    P.  L.  Flanigan Reno. 

New  Hampshire Chas.  T.  Means Manchester. 

New  Jersey F.  T.  Murphy Newark.  ^ 

New  Mexico Solomon   Luna    Los  Lunas. 

New  York Fred.    S.   Gibbs    New  York. 

North  Carolina   J.  C.  Pritchard Marshall. 

North  Dakota Axel.  McKenzie Bismarck. 

Ohio   ]\r.  T.  Herrick Cleveland. 

Oklahoma    William  Grimes Kingfisher. 

Oregon    Geo.  A.  Steel Portland. 

Pennsylvania    M.  S.  Quay Beaver. 

Rhode  Island   C.  R.  Brayton Providence. 

South  Carolina   E.  A.  Webster •.    ...  .Orangeburg. 

South  Dakota J.  M.  Greene Chamberlain. 

Tennessee    W.  P.  Brownlow Jonesboro. 

Texas   .■ R.  B.  Hawley Galveston. 

Utah O.  J.  Salisbury Salt  Lake  City. 

Vermont    J.  W.  Brock Montpelier. 

Virginia    G.  E.  Bowden Norfolk. 

West  Virginia   N.  B.  Scott Wheeling. 

Washington G.  H.  Baker Goldendale. 

Wisconsin   Henry  C.  Payne Milwaukee. 

Wyoming W.  Vandevanter Cheyenne. 

:7 


538  POLITICAL. 

CHAIRMEN    REPUBLICAN    STATE    CENTRAL    COMMITTEES. 

STATE.  CHAIRMAN.  ADDRESS. 

Alabama    Wm.  Vaughen   ...  .Birmingham. 

Arizona    Chas.  R.  Drake Tucson. 

Arkansas    H.  L.  Remmel Little  Rock. 

California    Geo.   Stone   San  Francisco. 

Colorado    A.  B.  Seaman Denver. 

Connecticut    O.  R.  Flyer Torrington. 

Delaware   J.  Frank  Alee .Dover. 

Florida    Henry  S.  Chubb Gainesville. 

Georgia    W.  H.  Johnson Atlanta. 

Idaho    Frank  A.  Fenn Boise. 

Illinois   F.  II.  Rowe Jacksonville. 

Indian  Territory H.  W.  Darrough Vinita. 

Indiana    Chas.   S.  Hemley Indianapolis. 

Iowa   II.  O.  Weaver Des  Moines. 

Kansas Alorton  Albaugh Topeka. 

Kentucky Leslie  Combs Louisville. 

Louisiana    F.  B.  Williams New  Orleans. 

Maine J.  H.  Manley Augusta. 

Maryland P.  L.  Goldsborough Baltimore. 

Massachusetts A.  H.  Goetting Boston. 

Michigan   Gerrit  J.  Diekema Detroit. 

Minnesota   W.  C.  Masterman St.  Paul. 

Mississippi    F.  W.  Collins Jackson. 

Missouri    Thos.  J.  Akins St.  Louis. 

Montana    Jos.  P.  Woolman Helena. 

Nebraska   H.  C.  Lindsay Omaha. 

Nevada    R.  K.  Colcord Carson  City. 

New  Hampshire Jacob  H.  Gallinger Concord. 

New   Jersey    Franklin  T.  Murphy Newark. 

New  Mexico John  S.  Clark Las  Vegas. 

New   York Bern'.  B.  Odell,  Jr New  York. 

North  Carolina   A.  E.  Holton Winston. 

North  Dakota Wm.  Budge Grand  Forks. 

Ohio   Chas.  Dick Columbus. 

Oklahoma    Wm.  Grimes Guthrie. 

Oregon  Geo.  A.  Steel Portland. 

Pennsylvania    Frank  Reeder Faston. 

Rhode  Island    Hunter  C.  White Providence. 

South  Carolina B.  R   Tolbert,  Jr Greenwood. 

South  Dakota  Frank   Crane    Sioux  Falls. 

Tennessee    A.   M.   Tillman    Nashville. 

Texas   F.   H.  R.   Green TeiTell. 

TTtah F.  H.  Callister Sfilt  Lake  City. 

Vermont    Tra  R.  Allen Fair  Haven. 

Vir<ririia    Park  Agnew Alexandria. 

WashinirtoTi    J.  H.  Shively Seattle. 

West  Virginia   W.  M.  O.  Dawson Parkersburg. 

Wisconsin    Geo.  F.  Bryant "M^ilwaukee. 

Wyoming    J.  A.  Van  Orsdel Cheyenne. . 


POLITICAL^  539 

SECRETARIES  REPUBLICAN  STATE  CENTRAL  COMMITTEES. 

STATE.  SECRETARY.  ADDRESS. 

Alabama    W.  H.  Harney Birmingham. 

Arizona    J-  Knox  Corbett Tucson. 

Arkansas    W.  S.  Holt Little  Rock. 

California    W.  M.  Cutter San  Francisco. 

Colorado    W.  H.  Brisbane Leadville. 

Connecticut    Samuel  A.  Eddy Canaan. 

Delaware   W.  T.  Smithers Dover. 

Florida    Jos.  E.  Lee Jacksonville. 

Georgia    J.  H.  Deveaux Savannah. 

Idaho    Ceo.  A.  Robethan  ....    ...  .Pocatello. 

Illinois   Walter  Fieldliouse Chicago. 

Indian  Teri'itory Michael  Conlin Atoka. 

Indiana    Warren  Bigler Indianapolis. 

Iowa   C.  W-  Phillips Des  Moines. 

Kansas T.   T.  Kelley Paola. 

Kentucky Geo.  W.  Long Louisville. 

Louisiana    W.  J.  McFarlane New  Orleans. 

Maine Byron  Boyd Augusta. 

Maryland Levi  A.  Thompson Baltimore. 

Massachusetts Thomas  Talbot Boston. 

Michigan  D.  E.  Alward Detroit. 

Minnesota   Chas.  C.  Whitney St.  Paul. 

Mississippi    L.  B.  Boseley Jackson. 

Missouri    A.  F.  Shriner St.  Louis. 

Montana    •.  Thos.  B.  Miller Helena. 

Nebraska   John  T.  Mallalien Omaha. 

Nevada    E.  D.  Vanderleith Carson  City. 

New  Hampshire Louis  G.  Hoyt Kingston. 

New   Jersey    

New  Mexico Mux  Frost Santa  Fe. 

New    York R.  L.  Fox New  York. 

North  Carolina   W.  S.  Hyams Raleigh. 

North  Dakota M.  H.  Jewell Bismark. 

Ohio   John  R.  Malloy ...  .Columbus. 

Oklahoma    Clias.  H.  Filson Guthrie. 

Oregon  W.  S.  Duniway Portland. 

Pennsylvania    W.  R.  Andrews Philadelphia. 

Rhode  Island    Eugene  F.  Warner Providence. 

South  Carolina J.  H.  Johnson Columbia. 

South  Dakota Frank  McNulty Sioux  Falls. 

Tennessee    J.  C.  R.  McCall Nashville. 

Texas G.  W.  Johnson Corsicana. 

Utah P.  P.  Christensen Salt  Lake  City. 

Vermont    Alfred  E.  Watson Llartford. 

Virginia    Asa  Rogers Petersburg. 

Washington    J-  W.  Lvons Port  Townsend. 

West  Virginia    A.  B.  White ...  .Parkersburg. 

Wisconsin    Zeno  M.  Host IMilwaukee. 

Wyoming    Fred  Bond    •  •  •  •  Cheyenne. 


540  POLITICAL. 

REPUBLICAN  STATE  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE. 

(No  platform  adopted  at  last  Convention.) 

Frank  B.  Williams,  Ex-Officio  Chairman Patterson,  La. 

W.  E.  Howell,  Chairman ThibodaiLx,  La. 

Malcolm  J.  McFarlane,  Secretary New  Orleans,  La. 

Hon.  Henry  McCall, McCall,  La. 

Hon.  H.  C.  Warmoth Lawrence,  La. 

Hon.  W.  J.  Behan White  Castle,  La. 

Lewis  S.  Clarke Patterson,  La. 

Charles  Godchaux New  Orleans,  La. 

Pearl  Wight  New  Orleans,  La. 

Robert  Nason Lake  Charles,  La. 

REPUBLICAN  STATE  CENTRAL  C0M:MITTEE. 

Frank  B.  Williams,  Chairman Patterson,  La. 

Malcolm  J.  McFarlane,  Secretary New  Orleans,  La. 

Lewis  S.  Clarke,  National  Committeeman Patterson,  La. 

Pearl  Wight,  Treasurer New  Orleans,  La. 

Members  at  Large. 

H.  C.  Warmoth,  I.  K.  Small,  John  A.  Wogan,  John  C.  Parker,  Pearl 
Wight,  Charles  Godchaux,  R.  H.  Nason,  Henry  McCall,  B.  C.  Leblanc, 
Charlton  Beattie,  H.  Hawkins,  W.  P.  Flower,  H.  S.  Bollinger,  W.  M. 
Waddell,  James  C.  Weaks,  William  Rouse,  August  Levert,  C.  S.  Bums. 

Members. 

L.  C.  Green,  H.  O.  Maher,  Honore  Dugas,  H.  D.  Edwards,  B.  F. 
O'Neal,  P.  B.  Weeks,  W.  E.  Ramsey,  Dr.  E.  J.  Hall,  J.  M.  Carter,  John 
O.  Connor,  John  W.  Cooke,  B.  J.  Greenberry,  J.  P.  Tolotte,  W.  J.  Behan, 
L.  A.  Trosclair,  John  A.  Vignaud,  W.  W.  Johnson,  Josiah  Gross,  N.  C. 
Brunet,  C.  H.  Thompson,  A.  H.  Leonhardt,  D.  D.  Colcock,  J.  J.  Halloran, 
F.  B.  Ludeling,  Edward  Butler,  F.  M.  Welch,  R.  V.  Ducros,  Charles 
Bourgeois,  Lucien  Como,  Charles  Schexnayder,  C.  W.  Millspaugh,  Q. 
Gardemai;  L.  S.  Clarke,  R.  W.  Osborn,  L.  F.  Suthon,  J.  T.  Labbett,  Wil- 
liam Gassie,  Jr.,  B.  E.  James. 

REPUBLICAN  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT  COMMITTEES. 
FIRST  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 

Walter  L.  Cohen Chairman 

L.  J.  Joubert Recording  Secretary 

Jos.  Fabacher .  Corresponding  Secretary 


political.  541 

Members. 

Third  Ward— F.  C.  Antoine,  Gates  F.  Wilson. 
Fourth  Ward — Jos.  Wilkins,  A.  Guillimet. 
Fifth  Ward— E.  Leblanc,  H.  Boutte. 
Sixth  Ward — Jos.  Luminet,  Chas.  Elgar. 
Seventh  Ward — W.  J.  Moore,  Paul  Sigg. 
Eighth  Ward— L.  D.  Thompson,  I.  B.  Kiefer. 
Ninth  Ward — J.  Henderson,  C.  Marrerro. 
Fifteenth  Ward— A.  F.  Gabriel,  R.  F.  Harper. 
St.  Bernard — Ernest  Coycault,  H.  Amedee. 
Plaquemines 

SECOND  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 

Edward  Barnes,  Chairman New  Orleani 

Ernest  Duconge,  First  Vice  Chairman New  Orleana 

T.  S.  Roberts,  Second  Vice  Chairman New  Orleans 

J.  B.  Arleans,  Third  Vice  Chairman New  Orleans 

C.  H.  Thompson,  Secretary .New  Orleans 

Chas.  Dickerson,  Assistant  Secretary St.  James,  La. 

Executive  Committee. 

New  Orleans — Edward  Barnes,  ex  officio  Chairman;  0.  H.  Thomp- 
son, ex  officio  Secretary;  E.  Duconge,  E.  Carmouche,  C.  C.  Crane,  MeC. 
Campfield,  Horace  Freeman,  Thomas  H.  Lytle. 

St.  John  Parish — E.  F.  R.  Augustus. 

St.  Charles  Parish — Marshal  Bennet. 

Jefferson  Parish — Eugene  Duplesis. 

Members  of  Committee. 

Geo.  A.  Green,  Edward  Gray,  F.  H.  Lewis,  Alex.  Plicque,  Geo.  Marti- 
nez, David  Smith,  J.  B.  Williams,  L.  J.  Obert,  Henry  Clark,  Eugene 
Duplesis,  Gustave  Roche,  Marshal  Bennet,  Geo.  Atkins,  H.  B.  Dema»,  A. 
St.  Cyr. 

At  Large — E.  Carmouche,  C.  C.  Crane,  E.  F.  R.  Augustus,  Major 
Andrew  Hero,  Wm.  L.  Thompson,  Jos.  Alexander,  H.  Borman,  Horace 
Freeman,  McC.  Campfield,  Thos.  H.  Lytle.     (25  vacancies.) 

THIRD  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 

L.  E.  Robinson,  Chairman Welsh,  La. 

C.  S.  Hebert,  Secretary Plaquemine,  L«. 

Members. 

A  t  Large — Meyer  Netter,  Donaldsonville ;  Henry  Munson,  Napoleon- 
ville ;  George  Lock,  Lake  Charles ;  C.  Taylor  Cade,  New  Iberia ;  J.  R. 
Dominjeau,  Lafayette;  Dr.  John  Gazzo,  Raceland;  C.  E.  Smedes,  Cade; 
A.  Allsan,  Jeannerette ;   L.  F.  Suthon,  Houma ;  W.  S.  Nelson,  Perry. 


542  POLITICAL. 

From  the  Parishes' — Ascension — Henry  McCall,  McCall;  W.  P. 
Dixon,  Hope  Villa. 

Assumption — Honore  Dugas,  Paincourtville ;  C.  C.  Barton,  Alber- 
marle. 

Calcasieu — D.  E.  Sweet,  Jennings;    R.  R.  Stone,  Lake  Charles. 

Cameron — E.  I.  Hall,  Lake  Side;   C.  B.  Jones,  Cameron. 

Iberville — W.  J.  Bohn,  White  Castle;    S.  O.  LaBlanc,  Plaquemine. 

Iberia — Leo  Frank,  Jeanerette;   F.  Gates,  New  Iberia. 

Lafayette — Gus  A.  Breaux,  Lafayette;   John  Price,  Scott. 

Lafourche — W.  E.  Howell,  Thihodeaux ;   John  Godchaux,  Raceland. 

St.  Martin — Felix  Bienvenu,  St.  Martinsville;  Gabe  Gardemal,  St. 
Martinsville. 

St.  Mary — E.  N.  Carney,  Franklin;    Henry  N.  Pharr,  Berwick. 

Terrebonne — Wm.  Minor  and  Alphonse  Dupont,  of  Houma. 

Vermilion — Martin  Bagly,  Ramsey;    S.  P.  Watts,  Abbeville. 

FOURTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 

S.  Herold  of  Caa3o Presiden: 

F.  E.  McDermott Secretary 

Members. 

Bossier— B.  F.  O'Neal.  DeSoto— T.  C.  Guice. 

Caddo— S.  Herold.  Rapides— F.  E.  McDermott. 

Winn — J.  W,  Bivett,  Sr.  Natchitoches — A.  DeVargus. 

Grant— G.  S.  Garner.  Sabine— J.  A.  Tetts. 

FIFTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 

REPUBLICAN    COMMITTEE,   LAKE   PROVIDENCE,   LA. 

W.  W.  Johnson,  Chairman Lake  Providence,  La. 

R.  J.  Walker,  Viee-Chairman Afton  P.  O.,  La. 

P.  C.  Taylor,  Secretary Afton  P.  O.,  La. 

Jno.  W.  Cooke Lake  Providence,  La. 

Geo.  W.  Stewart Lake  Providence,  La. 

Wm.  Rouse Lake  Providence,  La. 

S.  W.  Green •• .  . .  .Lake  Providence,  La. 

Willis  W.  Johnson Omega  P.  O.,  La. 

Geo.  H.  Woods -St.  Joseph,  La. 

Wade  H.  Houghl Columbia,  La. 

Members. 

East  Carroll— J.  B.  Biyant,  Atherton  P.  O.,  La. 
'  West  Carroll — A.  D.  Owens,  Floyd,  La. 
Madison — Milton  McCoy,  Delta,  La. 
Tensas — T.  B.  Strange,  St.  Joseph,  La. 
Concordia— H.  E.  Reed,  Bullitt's  Bayou,  La. 
Caldwell — M.  P.  Vantly,  Columbia,  La. 


POLITICAL. 


543 


Catahoula — S.  H.  Cooper,  Jonesville,  La. 
Claiborne — Geo.  H.  Williams,  Homer,  La. 
Morehouse — W.  M.  Taylor,  Bastrop,  La. 
Richland— E.  W.  Duning,  Alto,  La. 
Franklin — B.  J.  Greenbury,  Crowville,  La. 

Lincoln — John  Atkins,  . 

Ouachita — R.  P.  Cooke,  Monroe,  La. 

Union — I.  Shuster, . 

Jackson — A.  Wyly,  • 


SIXTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 

L.  J.  SouER Chairman 

H.   Block Vice-Chairman 

Wm.   Duplessis Secretary 

A.  R.  RiCARD,  Jr Assistant  Secretary 

Acadia — D.  Cazeau.  St.  Tammany — A.  E.  Fontini. 

Avoyelles — Warren  McCree.  St.  Helena — Leonard  Smith. 

East  Baton  Rouge — Jas.  R.  Lewis.  St.  Landry — B.  A.  Guidry. 

East  Feliciana — Geo.  A.  Reiley.  Tangipahoa — Geo.  J.  Duffy. 

Livingston — Horace  McCoy.  Washington — George  A.  Magee. 

Pointe  Coupee — J.  B.  Churchill.  West  Feliciana — Henry  Ford. 
West  Baton  Rouge — Alex  Baynes. 

At  Large — Hon.  John  Yoist,  N.  LTnderwood,  B.  V.  Baranco,  A.  L. 
Boyer,  Louis  Desmarais,  Jr.,  Mike  Winfield. 


544 


POLITICAL. 


REGTSTKATION  T'ABLES. 


TABLE  SHOWING  THE  NUMBEK  OF  PERSONS  TAKING  THE 
DIFFERENT  OATHS  UNDER  RECONSTRUCTION  LAWS  IN 
EACH  PARISH  IN  1867. 


Parishes. 


o 

2: 


O 


d 


a 
O 


o 


o 


o 
Z 

si 

-4-> 

<a 
O 


-M 


a 


Ascension     2,634  1 

Assumption    2,270  38 

Avoyelles 

Bienville    

Bossier    1,867 

Caddo   

Calcasieu    712 

Caldwell    751  5 

Catahoula    1,174  22 

Claiborne   3,100  .  .  . 

Concordia 1,911  1 

De  Soto 2,336  2 

East  Baton  Rouge 2,048  .  . . 

Can-oil 2,339  1 

East  Feliciana    2,203  2 

Franklin     

Iberville 2,897  9 

Jackson    

Jefferson    5,913  8 

Lafourche    2,995 

Lafayette    1,570  3 

Livingston   871  2 

Madison    

Morehouse    1,725 

Natchitoches    3,776  17 

Orleans 40,357  132 

Ouachita    2,323  11 

Plaquemines    

Pointe  Coupee 2,519 

Rapides    4,092  3 

Sabine 650  107 

St.  Bernard 1,145  8 

St.   Charles    1,646  .  .  . 

St.  Helena 1,490  5 

St.   James    3,066  7 

St.  John  the  Baptist 1,908  .  . . 

St.    Landry    4,004  7 

St.  Martin 1,438  1 

St.   Mary    

St.  Tammany    1,199  2 

'rensas 1,958  i 

Terrebonne    2,931 

Union   786 

Vermilion 619  5 

Washington   . 447  22 

West  Baton  Rouge 

West  Feliciana   1,933  .  . 

Winn   862  2 


239 
626 


31 

i58 
12 

57 
9 
23 
51 
45 
212 

21 

78 

575 
13 
57 

'20 

56 

1,241 

18 

187 

254 

306 

34 

2 

33 

8 

3 

1,102 

541 

264 
30 
348 
786 
475 
382 

lis 

11 


3 

1 


No  Books. 
No  Books. 


2,874 
2,934 
2,287 
1,571 

1  898 
3',586  No  Books 

970 

768 
1,196 
3,157 
1,921 
2,361 
2,099 
2,385 
2,410 
1,186 

2  927 

l',508  No  Books, 

5,999 

3.570 

1,586 

930 
1,702  No  Books. 
1,745 
3,849 
41,733 
2  353 

2^542  No  Books. 
2,706 
4,349 
1,063 
1,187 
1,658 
1,528 
3,081 
1,911 
5,113 
1,981 

3,51 3  No  Books. 
1,468 
1,979 
3,327 
1,572 

999 

851 
1,080  No  Books. 
2,053 

8T5 


TABLE   SHOWING  THE  NUMBEE  AND  AGES  OF  PERSONS  REGI8- 
TERED  IN  EACH  PARISH  IN  THE  STATE,  1808. 

T^     .  ,                                From  From  From  From  From  71  v  *  Totuf 
Parishes.                         21  to  30     31  to  40     41  to  50  51  to  60  61  to  70  years  ^•'*  Regis- 
years,  years.  years.  years.  years.  and  over.     S'^""  teml. 

Ascension     .  .     1,058  682  538  410  116  70  ^874 

Assumption     1,128  669  601  367  130  39  "  '  2934 

Avoyelles     998  487  406  278  99  19  '  "  2'287 

Bienville    650  371  304  173  58  15  "i  1571 

Bossier 871  428  307  199  81  12  ..  1898 

Ca^do    1,518  955  613  316  111  33  40  a.'sSC 

Calcasieu 449  231  137  106  37  10  ...  970 

Caldwell 331  170  136  89  34  8  .  768 

Catahoula 509  253  206  156  54  18  1196 

Claiborne     1,443  706  530  303  135  40  ,    '  3*157 

Concordia 691  401  371  290  118  50  1*921 

DeSoto 1,042  485  417  297  85  35  ...  2*861 

East    Baton    Rouge    701  480  414  323  116  65  ...  2  099 

Carroll     1,132  492  407  253  66  35  ...  2.*885 

East    Feliciana     961  501  437  294  128  61  28  2  410 

Franlflin    520  284  198  141  30  13  ...  1*186 

Iberville     1,026  664  592  397  173  75  ...  2  927 

Jackson    647  330  288  160  60  23  ...  1  508 

Jeflferson    2,099  1,393  1,205  864  350  88  ...  5*999 

Lafourche    1,446  775  668  449  174  58  ...  3  570 

Lafayette    692  361  261  172  80  20  ...  1  586 

Livingston 374  238  175  94  39  10  ...  '930 

Madison 755  330  326  227  85  39  ...  1,763 

Morehouse    772  390  322  178  66  17  1  745 

Natchitoches    ^ 1,508  720  712  600  232  77  ...  3,849 

Orleans 15,583  10,270  7,094  4,085  1,247  324  ...  41,733 

Ouachita     1,110  542  368  231  78  24  ...  2,353 

Plaquemines 1,082  551  433  332  95  49  ...  2,543 

Pointe    Coupee 1,084  600  473  350  144  55  ...  2  706 

Rapides    1,795  858  770  583  238  105  ...  4,349 

Sabine 474  247  154  126  37  25  ...  1,063 

St.    Bernard    459  233  219  163  83  30  ...  1,187 

St.   Charles 543  300  322  308  112  63  10  1,65« 

St.    Helena 649  338  269  165  79  28  ...  1,52S 

St.   James 1,137  580  614  408  204  82  56  8,081 

St.    John    259  185  164  97  43  13  1,150  1,911 

St.    Landry    2,166  1,325  916  489  169  48  ...  6,113 

St.    Martin    801  461  367  230  96  26  ...  1,981 

St.    Mary     1,493  883  543  361  173  60  ...  3.518 

St.    Tammany     450  445  213  162  72  30  93  1,465 

Tensas 874  411  324  260  86  24  ...  1,979 

Terrebonne    1,444  675  615  355  137  49  52  8,327 

Union     604  357  290  156  70  15  ...  1,572 

Vermilion    410  250  169  117  44  9  ...  999 

Washington    351  192  159  93  38  18  ...  851 

West   Baton    Rouge    407  240  201  156  53  23  ...  1,080 

West    Feliciana    812  374  430  262  125  50  ...  2,053 

Winn    350  212  169  110  30  4  ...  87» 

Total    57,738  33,325  25,847     16,735  6,110  2,084  1,429  146,898 

TABLE  OF  THE  AGES  OF  REGISTERED  VOTERS  IN  EACH  WARD  OF 
THE  PARISH  OF  ORLF.VXS.  I'i'l^.                             

a  a  a  -  a  a 

^  ft;  <v  c  c  a; 

Do  *'0  i^O  I'O  to  4) 

fccc  fe'*'  &ifl  &:»  &t-  ^        • 

^^^•^^-  lis  II  £  l|e  Ih  ^1^  II?  ^ 

First    Ward    ' 8,130 

Second   Ward 1,813  1,066  736  354  108  27  4,104 

Third    Ward     2,906  1.928  1,230  695  203  55  7,017 

Fourth   Ward    1,243  756  509  274  77  17  2,87« 

Fifth    Ward    1.864  1,210  770  439  129  48  4,460 

Sixth     Ward     1,257  687  467  271  104  22  2,808 

Seventh   Ward 1,494  986  754  482  108  56  3,940 

Eighth    Ward    1,012  689  498  308  94  17  2,618 

Ninth   Ward    948  717  586  345  80  16  2,692 

Tenth    Ward     1.222  944  622  358  109  23  3,278 

Eleventh    Ward    1,035  800  533  304  93  20  2,788 

Right    Bank    789  487  389  255  82  23  2,025 

Total    15,583  10,270  7,094  4,085  1,247  324     41,733 


546 


POLITICAL. 


STATEAIENT  OF  REGISTERED  VOTERS  OF  THE  STATE  OF  LOUK 

lANA  FOR  THE  YEAR  1878, 

According  to  the  Returns  made  by  the  Assessors  of  the*  Several  Parishes  of  t\ 
State  and  the  Registrar  of  Voters  for  the  Parish  of  Orleans. 


s 

1 

O 

u 

^i 

S  2 

5 

+3 

b 

go 

►z 

o  rt 

4 

%^\ 

I. 

^ 

VI 

o 

0 
> 

►a 

>S^ 

VI 

o 

2-a 

o 

•a  u 

■O    t4 

a  ^ 

i5 

xi 

^H 

^^ 

o^ 

o^ 

Parishes 

0 

o 

a 

V.   M 

0-5 

VI 

O 

VI 

o 

^1 

jz: 

u 

Ui 

Ui 

u 

u 

u 

h 

t^ 

<u 

E 

*) 

0) 

OJ  o 

a>  o 

$  o 

i  o 

^-« 

.a 

J^ 

A 

•QA 

X3.C 

■c.a 

■o,q 

a 

s 

a 

3 

a 

a 

s 

i^ 

ii^ 

i^ 

f^ 

Z 

Z 

z 

z 

Z 

z 

Z 

z 

Ascension    .  .     . 

.  .  .      2,472 

2.426 

46 

740 

1,282 

575 

238 

165 

1,494 

Assumption     .  . 

.  .      3,131 

771 

67 

1,478 

1,658 

838 

179 

640 

1,474 

Avoyelles     .  .  . 

.  .  .      3,809 

3,221 

88 

1,679 

1,630 

1.164 

155 

515 

1,475 

Bienville     .  . 

.  ..      1,410 

1,403 

7 

908 

502 

871 

28 

37 

474 

♦Bossier    .  .    .  . 

•    >    • 

■    •    • 

•    •    > 

Caddo    

.'.'.      5,478 

5,160 

318 

1.476 

3,Y82 

1.655 

276 

91 

3,458 

Calcasieu     .  .     . 

1,674 

1,619 

52 

1.374 

300 

951 

21 

423 

279 

Caldwell    .  .     .  . 

952 

947 

5 

512 

440 

475 

45 

37 

395 

Cameron    .  .     .  . 

404 

81 

343 

121 

208 

6 

135 

55 

Catahoula    . .    . 

.  .  .      1.662 

1.641 

21 

997 

665 

884 

48 

163 

617 

Claiborne     .  .     . 

.  .  .      2,352 

1,428 

13 

1,441 

911 

1,420 

21 

890 

Concordia    .... 

.  ..      2,931 

2,900 

31 

294 

2.687 

286 

i87 

8 

2,450 

DeSoto     .  .     .  . 

.  .      1,502 

31 

1,034 

468 

967 

22 

67 

446 

E.    Baton    Rouge          3,199 

3,006 

193 

1.203 

1.996 

1,076 

380 

127 

1,516 

East    Carroll     . 

.  .  .      1,984 

1,953 

31 

179 

1,805 

175 

210 

4 

1,774 

East     Feliciana 

1,748 

1,672 

76 

743 

1.005 

782 

44 

11 

961 

Franlvlin     .  . 

.  .  .      1,044 

1,011 

33 

568 

476 

478 

46 

96 

430 

Grant    

.  .      1,030 

438 

502 

560 

470 

448 

40 

112 

430 

'beri^ 

.  .  .      2,956 

1.302 

89 

1,891 

1.565 

988 

197 

408 

1,86« 

Iberville    

.  .      2,358 

2,322 

36 

386 

1,972 

362 

140 

24 

1,832 

Jackson     

502 

499 

3 

345 

157 

829 

6 

16 

151 

Jefferson    .  .    .  . 

.  .  .      1,949 

1.763 

186 

567 

1,382 

463 

175 

104 

1,270 

Lafourche     .  .  . 

.  .      3,137 

3,046 

127 

1,824 

1,349 

982 

138 

842 

1,211 

Lafayette    .... 

.  .      1,930 

1,873 

57 

1,120 

510 

672 

44 

448 

766 

Livingston     .  .  . 

947 

913 

34 

791 

156 

628 

18 

163 

138 

Lincoln    

.  .      1.643 

1,636 

7 

1.089 

554 

926 

42 

163 

512 

Madison     ...     . 

2,557 

2.553 

24 

288 

2,339 

288 

288 

2,051 

Morehouse     .  . 

.  .      1,983 

1.953 

30 

646 

1,387 

588 

42 

68 

1,295 

Natchitoches    .  . 

.      3,793 

3.680 

113 

1,880 

1,963 

1,212 

242 

618 

1.721 

Orleans — • 

1st   Ward    .  . 

.  .      2,523 

1.867 

656 

1.984 

589 

1,786 

150 

248 

389 

lind  Ward    .  . 

.  .      2,955 

2.145 

810 

2.916 

786 

1,940 

185 

229 

601 

3rd    Ward    .  . 

.      5,429 

4.003 

1,426 

3,781 

1,648 

8,271 

436 

510 

1,648 

4th  Ward    .  . 

2  272 

1,711 

561 

1,657 

615 

1,573 

284 

84 

381 

5th   Ward    .  . 

'.  '.      3;323 

2,453 

870 

2,338 

985 

2,105 

459 

233 

526 

6th   Ward    .  . 

.  .      2,026 

1,624 

402 

1,488 

548 

1,300 

256 

183 

287 

7th   Ward    .  . 

.  .      3,519 

2,894 

625 

1.997 

1,522 

1,824 

674 

173 

848 

8th  Ward    .  . 

.  .      1,814 

1,161 

658 

1,498 

316 

1,304 

106 

194 

210 

9th   Ward    .  . 

.  .      2.451 

1,582 

869 

1,873 

578 

1,680 

98 

193 

480 

10th   Ward    . 

2,874 

1,996 

878 

2.236 

638 

2,064 

206 

172 

432 

11th   Ward    . 

.  .      2,886 

2.083 

797 

2.128 

752 

1,997 

284 

131 

518 

12th   Ward    . 

.  .      1,359 

1,078 

281 

1.066 

293 

1,007 

55 

59 

238 

13th    Ward    . 

967 

885 

82 

550 

417 

494 

115 

56 

302 

14th   Ward    . 

519 

396 

123 

280 

239 

255 

49 

25 

190 

15th    Ward    . 

.  .      1,950 

1.584 

366 

932 

1,018 

797 

169 

135 

849 

16th    Ward    . 

627 

521 

106 

214 

413 

196 

115 

18 

298 

17th   Ward    . 

667 

949 

173 

874 

293 

839 

66 

35 

227 

Ouachita    .  .    .  . 

..      3,012 

2,919 

93 

898 

2,119 

805 

179 

88 

1,940 

Plaquemines    .  . 

.  .      2,285 

780 

130 

860 

1.425 

784 

202 

126 

1,223 

Pointe    Coupee 

.  .      2.770 

2,699 

71 

816 

1,954 

701 

307 

115 

1,647 

♦  The  Parish  of  Bossier  has  sent  no  returns. 


POLITICAL. 


547 


STATEMENT  OF  REGISTERED  VOTERS  OF  THE  STATE  OF 
LOUISIANA  FOR  THE  YEAR  1878— Continued. 

According  to  the  Returns  made  by  the  Assessors  of  the  Several  Parishes  of  tht 
State  and  the  Registrar  of  Voters  for  the  Parish  of  Orleans. 


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Rapides     

3,627 

3,482 

145 

1,775 

1,852 

1,593 

124 

182 

1,728 

Red   River    

2,770 

2,699 

71 

816 

1,954 

701 

307 

115 

1,647 

Richland 

1,245 

616 

27 

643 

1,232 

574 

70 

69 

532 

Sabine     

1,047 

1,037 

10 

829 

218 

634 

15 

195 

203 

St.    Bernard    .... 

921 

883 

37 

396 

525 

216 

40 

180 

485 

St.    Charles     .... 

1,332 

1,315 

17 

197 

1,135 

172 

185 

25 

950 

St.    Helena    

1,238 

1.216 

OO 

641 

597 

577 

197 

64 

500 

St.    James 

2,444 

2.417 

27 

570 

1,874 

440 

101 

130 

1,773 

St.   John    

1,885 

1.855 

30 

618 

1,267 

487 

142 

131 

1.125 

St.    Landry    

6,965 

6.914 

51 

3,681 

3.284 

2,114 

227 

1,567 

3,059 

St.    Martin    

2,303 

2,267 

36 

1,099 

1.204 

693 

84 

406 

1,120 

St.    Mary     

2,960 

2,850 

110 

786 

2,174 

667 

293 

109 

1,891 

St.    Tammany     .  . 

1,176 

1.081 

95 

682 

494 

533 

30 

149 

364 

Tangipahoa    .  .     . 

1,456 

1,384 

72 

932 

524 

797 

62 

134 

463 

Tensas     

3,249 

3.209 

40 

318 

2,931 

310 

467 

8 

2,464 

Terrebonne    .  .    .  . 

3,138 

3,042 

96 

1.361 

1,777 

762 

184 

599 

1,593 

Union     

2,201 

2,175 

26 

1.483 

718 

1.288 

55 

195 

663 

Vermilion 

1,241 

1.206 

35 

968 

273 

492 

23 

476 

250 

Vernon    

723 

719 

4 

668 

55 

503 

165 

55 

Washington    .  .     . 

779 

777 

2 

587 

192 

415 

'27 

172 

165 

Webster    

1,631 

1,580 

51 

760 

871 

723 

26 

37 

845 

W.  Baton  Rouge.  . 

975 

949 

26 

353 

622 

302 

76 

51 

546 

West    Carroll    .  .  . 

604 

599 

5 

335 

269 

270 

29 

65 

240 

West    Feliciana    . 

.      1.980 

1,937 

43 

440 

1,540 

4:^2 

113 

18 

1,427 

Winn    

Total     

892 
155,103 

887 

5 
12.276 

771 

121 

595 

11 

176 

110 

133.563 

77.341 

78.123 

62,883 

10,390 

13,926 

68,700 

!• 


548 


POLITICAL. 


OFFICIAL    STATEMENT    OF    THE    REGISTERED    VOTERS    OF 
STATE  OF  LOUISIANA  FOR  THE  YEAR  1880. 


THl 


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o 

a 

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3 

a 

3 

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3 

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Z 

z 

z 

z 

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z 

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Ascension    

3,398 

3,312 

86 

1,048 

2,350 

824 

224 

340 

2,001 

Assumption    .  .     .  . 

4,410 

4,301 

109 

2,078 

2,332 

1,042 

1,036 

273 

2,050 

Avoyelles 

3,853 

3,753 

100 

1,987 

1,866 

1,351 

636 

227 

1,639 

lUenvlUe     

1,669 

1,659 

10 

1,075 

595 

1,008 

66 

29 

566 

Bossier    

3,000 

2,950 

50 

800 

2,200 

775 

25 

200 

2,904 

Caddo    

5,953 

5,616 

337 

2,070 

3,833 

1,937 

133 

292 

3,591 

Calcasieu 

2,173 

2,074 

99 

1,800 

373 

1,197 

603 

28 

345 

Caldwell    

1,081 

1,073 

6 

574 

507 

496 

78 

100 

407 

Cameron 

406 

376 

30 

345 

61 

215 

130 

9 

52 

Catahoula    

1,972 

1,957 

15 

1,254 

718 

1,224 

30 

18 

700 

Claiborne 

3,157 

3,138 

19 

1,877 

1,280 

1,725 

152 

92 

1.188 

Concordia    

3,046 

3,623 

23 

359 

2,687 

352 

7 

271 

2,416 

DeSoto    

1,829 

1,801 

28 

1,148 

681 

1,076 

72 

26 

655 

E.    Baton   Rouge 

4,121 

3.913 

211 

1,674 

2,450 

1,503 

171 

372 

2,078 

East    Carroll     .  . . 

2,716 

2,685 

31 

251 

2,465 

247 

4 

165 

2,300 

East    Feliciana     . 

2,385 

2,278 

707 

1,028 

1,327 

943 

105 

109 

1,208 

Franklin     

1,110 

565 

28 

593 

517 

528 

66 

20 

497 

Grant     

857 

748 

9 

464 

384 

408 

65 

60 

324 

Iberia 

3,444 

3,337 

107 

1,042 

1,802 

1,140 

502 

231 

1,671 

Iberville    

3,860 

3,788 

72 

833 

3,027 

757 

76 

202 

2,825 

Jackson     

747 

741 

6 

501 

246 

483 

18 

29 

247 

Jefferson     

2,607 

2,333 

274 

887 

1,720 

732 

155 

208 

1.672 

Lafourche    

4,473 

4,343 

130 

2,423 

2,050 

1,386 

1,037 

229 

1,821 

Lafayette 

2,347 

2,271 

76 

1,407 

940 

774 

733 

51 

889 

Livingston    ...     . 

1,047 

1,009 

38 

860 

187 

671 

789 

19 

168 

Lincoln     

1,904 

1,904 

5 

1,772 

632 

1,056 

216 

45 

587 

Madison    

2,849 

2,812 

37 

321 

2,528 

319 

2 

397 

2,131 

Morehouse    ...     . 

2,118 

2,094 

24 

699 

1,419 

665 

68 

24 

1,351 

Natchitoches    .     . 

4.313 

4,209 

104 

1.992 

2,312 

1.286 

706 

266 

2,055 

Orleans — 

1st   Ward    .  .     . 

1.921 

1,428 

500 

1,487 

441 

1,378 

109 

166 

270 

2nd  Ward    .  .    . 

2,602 

1,873 

729 

2,085 

517 

1,912 

173 

173 

844 

3rd  Ward    .  .    . 

4,071 

2.952 

1,119 

2.919 

1,152 

2,697 

222 

453 

690 

4th   Ward    .  .    . 

1,529 

1.140 

389 

1.151 

378 

1,119 

32 

197 

187 

5th   Ward    .  .    . 

2.279 

1,740 

539 

1,705 

574 

1,605 

100 

297 

277 

6th   Ward    .  .    . 

1.465 

1,189 

276 

1.132 

332 

1,160 

72 

191 

142 

7th  Ward    .  .    . 

2,353 

1,979 

374 

1,504 

849 

1,416 

88 

422 

427 

8th  Ward    .  .    . 

.      1,472 

966 

506 

1,262 

210 

1,147 

115 

71 

139 

9th   Ward    .  .    . 

2,222 

1,469 

753 

1,797 

425 

1,621 

176 

99 

326 

10th  Ward    .  . . 

2,675 

1,847 

128 

2,246 

429 

2,117 

120 

207 

277 

11th   Ward    .  .  . 

2,042 

1,936 

706 

2,077 

565 

1,960 

117 

. 

358, 

12th    Ward    .  .  . 

1,138 

861 

277 

866 

272 

828 

38 

85 

187 

13th   Ward    .  .  . 

843 

684 

159 

526 

317 

488 

38 

86 

23]J 

14th   Ward    .  .  . 

369 

270 

99 

217 

152 

196 

21 

46 

iqfl 

15th   Ward    .  . . 

1,758 

1,445 

313 

842 

916 

753 

89 

219 

6M| 

Ifith    Ward    .  .  . 

566 

491 

75 

182 

384 

167 

15 

107 

17th   Ward    .  .  . 

561 

415 

146 

329 

232 

310 

19 

56 

itI] 

Ouachita 

.      3,026 

2.934 

92 

935 

2,091 

836 

836 

203 

l,88|l 

Plaquemines    .    . 

2,834 

2.283 

601 

1,4.50 

1,383 

966 

485 

325 

l,05l 

Pointe   Coupee.    . 

2,964 

2.890 

74 

875 

2,087 

760 

115 

336 

1,75P 

Rapides 

4,326 

2,356 

1,970 

2,099 

2,227 

1,784 

315 

117 

2,110 

Red   River 

947 

934 

13 

402 

545 

372 

30 

77 

408 

Richland 

1,572 

1,544 

22 

732 

840 

660 

72 

100 

740 

Sabine 

.      1.196 

1,179 

17 

929 

267 

704 

225 

16 

251 

St.    Bernard    .  .    . 

.      1.479 

1,423 

56 

696 

783 

376 

320 

89 

6941 

I'ULlXltAL. 


549 


OFFICIAL    STATEMEXT    OF    THE    REGISTERED    VOTERS    OF    THE 
STATE  OF  LOUISIAXA  FOR  THE  YEAR  1880— Continued. 


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St.  Charles 1,583 

1,565 

18 

226 

1,357 

202 

24 

241 

1,116 

St.   Helena 1,258 

1,339 

59 

644 

614 

589 

55 

99 

575 

St.   James 3,110 

3,056 

54 

983 

2,128 

932 

50 

40 

2,088 

St  John 2,269 

•>  o'>i 

48 

776 

1.493 

607 

169 

208 

1,285 

St.   Landry    ....      8.095 

7;8S6 

109 

4,321 

3,774 

2,563 

1,758 

258 

3,516 

St.  Martin    ....      2,578 

2,532 

45 

1,250 

1,328 

780 

460 

123 

1,205 

St.   Mary 4.511 

4.277 

214 

1,168 

3,343 

1,030 

138 

446 

2,897 

St.  Tammany     .-   .      1,373 

1,253 

120 

815 

558 

613 

202 

138 

420 

Tangipahoa    .  .     .  .      1.995 

1,910 

85 

1,291 

704 

1.094 

197 

80 

704 

Tensas 2,689 

3,643 

46 

403 

3,286 

398 

5 

525 

2,761 

Terrebonne    ....      4,135 

4,017 

118 

1.866 

2,269 

991 

955 

173 

2,096 

Union 2,363 

2,341 

22 

1,562 

801 

1,334 

228 

72 

729 

Vermilion 1,552 

1,506 

46 

1.240 

312 

572 

668 

36 

276 

Vernon 885 

881 

4 

830 

55 

627 

203 

.  .  . 

55 

Washington    .  .     .  .         871 

867 

4 

638 

253 

446 

192 

38 

195 

Webster 1,814 

1,771 

43 

963 

85] 

943 

20 

15 

236 

West   Baton   Rouge     1,347 

1,266 

81 

533 

814 

485 

48 

135 

679 

West    Carroll    ....         688 

680 

8 

348 

340 

280 

68 

36 

.304 

West   Feliciana    .  .     2,192 

2,152 

40 

486 

1,706 

478 

8 

107 

1,599 

Winn 1,039 

1,031 
158,485 

8 

900 

39 

690 

210 

17 

122 

Totals 172,005 

13,276 

85,451 

88,024 

69,006 

16,913 

11,403 

76,087 

550 


POLITICAL. 


STATEMENT  OF  REGISTERED  VOTERS  OF  THE  STATE  OF  LOUIS- 
IANA FOR  THE  YEAR  1886. 


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Ascension     .... 

.  .      4.542 

4.414 

128 

1,574 

2,968 

1.191 

383 

499 

2,465 

Assumption      .  .  . 

.  .      4,615 

4,505 

100 

1,979 

2,636 

1.010 

969 

360 

2.276 

Avoyelies     .... 

.  .      5,007 

4,866 

141 

2.597 

2,410 

1,861 

736 

567 

1,843 

Bienviiie     

.  .      2.247 

2.233 

14 

1,428 

819 

1.345 

83 

71 

748 

Bossier      

.  .       3.S22 

3.722 

100 

1,218 

2.604 

1,175 

43 

254 

2,360 

Caddo    

.  .      5.810 

5,462 

348 

1.988 

3.822 

1,897 

91 

286 

3,536 

Calcasieu    .  .     . 

.  .      3,009 

3.741 

168 

3,392 

517 

3,036 

356 

269 

248 

Caldwell    ...     . 

..      1,113 

1.110 

3 

591 

522 

561 

30 

90 

432 

Cameron    

454 

431 

23 

393 

61 

196 

197 

6 

55 

Catahoula    .... 

.  .      2,500 

2.475 

25 

1.500 

1.000 

955 

545 

123 

877 

Claiborne    .... 

.  .      4.104 

4.1 82 

12 

2,174 

2.020 

2.1.39 

35 

83 

1,937 

Concordia    . .     . 

.  .       3.700 

3.646 

54 

509 

3,191 

504 

5 

232 

2,959 

De    Soto    . .     .  . 

.  .       1.062 

1,944 

18 

844 

1,118 

892 

42 

47 

1,071 

East    Baton    Roi 

ige      5.600 

5..398 

202 

2,220 

3,470 

1,987 

233 

591 

2,879 

East    Carroll     . 

.  .       2.683 

2.640 

43 

234 

2.449 

234 

403 

2,040 

East    Feliciana 

.  .      2.706 

2.677 

119 

1.020 

1,776 

989 

'si 

133 

1,643 

Franklin     .... 

.  .       1,0(»5 

996 

0 

440 

565 

425 

15 

37 

528 

Grant     

.  .      1,288 

1.274 

14 

712 

576 

586 

126 

71 

505 

Iberia     

5,588 

5.29(> 

29" 

2.607 

2,981 

1,805 
1,063 

1,.3'02 

533 

2,448 

Iberville     .... 

.  .      5,206 

5.101 

165 

1.272 

3.994 

209 

358 

3,636 

Jackson     .... 

..      1.117 

1.114 

3 

710 

407 

641 

69 

46 

361 

Jefferson    

.  .      3,528 

3,172 

356 

1.178 

2,350 

928 

250 

397 

1,953 

Lafayette    .  .     . 

.  .      2,004 

2,242 

752 

1.836 

1.158 

1,020 

816 

340 

818 

Lafourche    . .     . 

.  .       5.337 

5,201 

136 

3.071 

2.266 

1,519 

1.552 

370 

1,895 

Lincoln    

.  .      2.410 

2.400 

10 

1.514 

896 

1,280 

234 

86 

810 

Livingston      .  . 

.  .       1.104 

1.161 

33 

1.033 

161 

771 

262 

26 

135 

Madison    .  .     .  . 

.  .      3.333 

3.300 

33 

263 

3,070 

253 

10 

423 

2,647 

Morehouse     .  . 

.  .      3,400 

3.384 

25 

1.032 

2,377 

1,020 

12 

40 

2,337 

Natchitoches     . 

.  .      4.841 

4,740 

101 

2,163 

2,678 

1,340 

823 

418 

2,260 

Orleans — 

First    Ward 

3.078 

2.458 

620 

2.488 

590 

2,293 

195 

246 

344 

Second    Ward 

.  .      4.221 

3.253 

968 

3.395 

826 

3,129 

266 

268 

558 

Third     Ward 

5.60O 

4.320 

1.280 

4.081 

1.519 

3,828 

253 

651 

868 

Fourth   Ward 

2.708 

2.130 

569 

2.100 

599 

2,019 

90 

310 

289 

Fifth    Ward 

4.157 

2.031 

1.226 

3,412 

745 

3.044 

.368 

400 

345 

Sixth    Ward 

.  .       2.255 

1.704 

551 

1,823 

432 

1.505  . 

318 

244 

188 

Seventh    Ward    .      4.01.3 

3.330 

683 

2,904 

1,109 

2,687 

217 

553 

556 

Eighth     Ward 

.  .      2.441 

1.752 

689 

2.168 

273 

1,960 

208 

110 

163 

Ninth     Ward. 

..       2.018 

2.005 

913 

2.397 

521 

2,151 

246 

147 

374 

Tenth     Ward 

4,240 

3.149 

1.001 

3,5.30 

710 

3,277 

253 

323 

387 

Eleventh    Wa 

•d.       4.007 

3.320 

777 

3.184 

913 

3,015 

169 

431 

482 

Twelfth     War 

d..      1.962 

1.566 

396 

1,536 

426 

1,465 

71 

176 

250 

l.Sth    Ward    . 

.  .       1,345 

1.090 

2.55 

908 

437 

8.34 

74 

167 

270 

14th    Ward    . 

762 

580 

182 

525 

237 

460 

61 

94 

143 

l.'ith    Ward    . 

.  .       2,497 

2.036 

461 

1.405 

1,092 

1.285 

120 

298 

794 

Ifith    Ward    . 

707 

675 

92 

275 

492 

260 

15 

174 

318 

17th    Ward    . 

721 

558 

163 

449 

272 

404 

45 

82 

190 

Ouachita     .  . 

2.848 

2,702 

56 

998 

1,850 

921 

77 

271 

1,579 

Plaquemines    .  . 

.  .      2.5.30 

1.848 

682 

1.062 

1,468 

721 

341 

328 

1,140 

Pointe   Coupee 

.  .      3.406 

3.231 

175 

905 

2,501 

807 

98 

246 

2.255 

Rapides     ... 

.  .      5.2S3 

3.299 

1.984 

2.508 

2.775 

2.148 

360 

164 

2,611 

Red    River     .  .  . 

..       1.236 

1.216 

20 

504 

732 

435 

69 

94 

638 

Richland    .  .    .  . 

1.591 

1.572 

19 

559 

1.032 

492 

67 

165 

867 

Sabine    .  .     .  . 

.  .       1,492 

1.479 

13 

1.165 

327 

914 

251 

16 

311 

St.    Bernard    .  . 

.  .       1.723 

1,647 

76 

649 

1.074 

341 

308 

397 

677 

St.    Charles    .  . 

.  .      1.817 

1,802 

15 

221 

1.599 

193 

28 

341 

1.255 

POLITICAL. 


551 


STATEMENT  OF  EEGISTERED  VOTERS  OF  THE  STATE  OF  LOUIS- 
IANA FOR  THE  YEAR  1886— Continued. 


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St.    Helena    

.      1,207 

1.191 

16 

637 

570 

585 

52 

121 

449 

St.    James     

.      4.103 

3.978 

125 

1.194 

2.909 

1.017 

177 

262 

2,647 

St.   John    

.      2.T21 

2,710 

11 

911 

1,810 

778 

133 

119 

1,691 

St.   Landrv    

.    10.831 

10.488 

343 

6.024 

4.807 

3,390 

2,634 

411 

4,396 

St.    Martin*    

.      3.609 

3.339 

60 

1,471 

1.928 

.  . 

St.    Mary     r. 

.      7.037 

6.813 

224 

1,942 

5,095 

1.7.38 

204 

730 

4,365 

St.  Tammany    .  .  . 

.      1.257 

1.190 

67 

796 

461 

673 

123 

194 

207 

Tangipahoa    .  .     . 

.      2.200 

2,189 

80 

1,428 

841 

1.197 

231 

105 

736 

Tensas    

.      4,183 

4.123 

60 

489 

3,694 

484 

5 

572 

3,122 

Terrebonne    . .    .  . 

.      4,424 

4,326 

98 

1,981 

2,443 

897 

1,084 

359 

2,084 

Union 

.      3,084 

3,061 

23 

1,992 

1,092 

1.782 

210 

80 

1,012 

Vermilion 

.      1,729 

1,702 

27 

1,363 

366 

603 

760 

84 

282 

Vernon     

.      1,030 

1,026 

4 

964 

66 

712 

252 

66 

Washington     .  . 

919 

917 

o 

672 

247 

477 

195 

47 

200 

Webster     

.      2,015 

1,984 

sI 

932 

1,083 

902 

30 

60 

1,023 

W.   Baton   Rouge. 

.      1.569 

1,526 

43 

493 

1,076 

439 

54 

287 

759 

West    Carroll    .  .  . 

613 

605 

8 

283 

330 

216 

67 

70 

260 

West    Feliciana    . 

.      2,591 

2,545 

46 

550 

2,041 

541 

9 

176 

1,865 

Winn     

1,193 

1,187 
203,489 

6        1,017 
18,747-  111,791 

176 

800 
89,856 

217 
20,464 

38 
16,570 

138 

Totals  ■ 

.222.236 

110,445 

91,947 

*  First  volume  of  record  of  Registered  Voters,  Parish  of  St.  Martin,  containing  2,558 
names,  was  lost  or  stolen  ;  hence,  cannot  give  the  number  of  white  and  colored  voters  who 
write  their  names  and  who  make  their  marks. 

STATE  OP  LOUISIANA, 
Office  of  the  Secretary  of  State. 
I,  the  undersigned.  Secretary  of  State  of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  do  hereby  certify  that 
the  above  is  a  true  and  accurate  statement  of  the  Registered  Voters  of  the  State  of  Louisiana, 
according  to  the  returns  filed  and  deposited  in  this  office  by  the  Tax  Assessors  of  the  sereral 
parishes  of  this  State  and  the  Supervisor  of  Registration  for  the  Parish  of  Orleans  for  the 
year  1886. 

Given  under  my  signature  and  the  seal  of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  at  the  City  of  Baton 
Rouge,  this  twenty-fourth  day  of  January,  A.  D.  1887. 

(Seal)      OSCAR  ARROYO,   Secretary  of  State. 


552 


POLITICAL. 


STATEMENT  OF  EEGISTERED  VOTERS  OF  THE  STATE  OF  LOUIS- 
IANA FOR  THE  YEAR  1888,  UP  TO  APRIL  7,  1888. 


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Acadia 

.  .      2,308 

1,926 

382 

2,006 

302 

851 

1,155 

87 

215 

Ascension    .  .    . 

.     .      5,312 

5,023 

289 

1.864 

3,448 

1,436 

428 

643 

2,805 

Assumption    .  . 

.  .      5,643 

5,517 

126 

2,500 

3,143 

1,668 

832 

1,086 

2,057 

Avoyelles    .... 

.      4,946 

4,836 

110 

2,300 

2,646 

1,579 

.     721 

501 

2,1« 

Bienville    . .    .  . 

..      2.713 

2,699 

14 

1,731 

982 

1,671 

60 

58 

924 

Bossier 

.  .      4,625 

4,590 

35 

1,100 

3,525 

1,075 

25 

100 

3,425 

Caddo 

.  .      6,080 

5,603 

477 

2,152 

3,928 

1,962 

190 

456 

3,472 

Calcasieu  . .    .  . 

.  .      5,034 

4,429 

605 

4,304 

730 

2,797 

1,507 

219 

611 

Caldwell    .  .    .  . 

..      1,113 

1,110 

8 

591 

522 

561 

30 

90 

432 

Cameron    .  .    .  . 

450 

422 

28 

396 

54 

212 

184 

5 

49 

Catahoula    .  .    . 

.    .      2,500 

2,460 

40 

1,345 

1,155 

905 

440 

155 

1,000 

Claiborne    .  .     . 

.      5,117 

5,104 

13 

2,512 

2,605 

2,459 

53 

201 

2,404 

Concordia.  .    . . 

.  .      4,104 

4,084 

20 

676 

3,428 

670 

6 

400 

3,028 

De  Soto 

.  .      2,899 

2.878 

21 

1.154 

1,745 

1,094 

60 

57 

1,688 

East    Baton    Ro 

uge     7,186 

6,844 

342 

2,762 

4,424 

2,454 

308 

797 

3,628 

East  Carroll    .  . 

.  .      3,046 

3,004 

42 

321 

2,725 

321 

.... 

377 

2,347 

East    Feliciana 

.  .      3,054 

2,899 

155 

1,100 

1,954 

1,067 

33 

141 

1,813 

Franklin    .  .    .  . 

.  .      1,244 

1,225 

19 

513 

731 

422 

91 

76 

655 

Grant  

.  .      1,283 

1,276 

7 

722 

561 

468 

254 

147 

414 

Iberia 

5,554 

5,318 

236 

2,344 

3,210 

1,629 

715 

520 

2.690 

Iberville    .... 

.  .      6,246 

6,091 

155 

1,256 

4,990 

1,082 

174 

520 

4,470 

Jackson 

.  .      1,249 

1,246 

3 

780 

469 

669 

111 

84 

385 

Jeflferson    .  .    .  . 

.  .      3,736 

3,422 

314 

1,332 

2,404 

1,032 

300 

428 

1,176 

Lafayette    .  .     . 

.      3,364 

2,648 

716 

2,020 

1,344 

1,006 

1,014 

334 

1,010 

Lafourctie    .    .  . 

.  .      5.531 

5,385 

146 

3,303 

2,228 

1,719 

1,584 

420 

1,808 

Lincoln 

.  .      2,676 

2,665 

11 

1,757 

919 

1,476 

281 

80 

839 

Livingston.     .  . 

.  .       1,247 

1,207 

40 

1,075 

172 

805 

270 

32 

140 

Madison    .  .     .  . 

.  .      3,698 

3.662 

36 

3*9 

3.368 

319 

11 

464 

2,904 

Morehouse   .  .    . 

.    .      3,162 

3,139 

23 

785 

2,377 

767 

18 

53 

2,324 

Natchitoches    .  . 

.      5,294 

5,186 

108 

2,314 

2,980 

1,439 

875 

457 

2,523 

Orleans — • 

1st    Ward    . 

.  .      3,278 

2.543 

735 

2,698 

580 

2,450 

248 

252 

328 

2nd  Ward    . 

.  .      3,910 

3,036 

.874 

3,132 

778 

2,903 

229 

268 

510 

3rd   Ward    . 

.  .      5.708 

4,458 

1.250 

4,091 

1.617 

3,769 

322 

742 

875 

4th   Ward    . 

.  .      2,970 

2  272 

698 

2,219 

751 

2,075 

144 

399 

352 

5th   Ward    . 

.  .      3,830 

3.001 

829 

2,969 

861 

2,591 

378 

480 

381 

6th   Ward    . 

.  .      2,630 

1,985 

645 

2,157 

473 

1,654 

503 

266 

207 

7th   Ward    . 

.  .      4,085 

3.370 

715 

2,835 

1,250 

2,569 

266 

712 

538 

8th    ^V'ard    . 

.  .      2,264 

1,768 

496 

1.987 

277 

1.823 

164 

122 

155 

9th   Ward    . 

.  .      3.511 

2,595 

916 

2,925 

586 

2,668 

257 

175 

411 

10th   Ward    . 

.  .      4,426 

3.359 

1.067 

3.652 

774 

3.440 

212 

360 

414 

11th   Ward    . 

.  .      4.452 

3,480 

972 

3,483 

969 

3,253 

230 

462 

507 

12th   Ward    . 

.  .  .      2,455 

1.998 

457 

1,927 

528 

1,791 

136 

230 

298 

13th   Ward    . 

.  .      1,450 

1,205 

245 

1,028 

422 

952 

76 

189 

233 

14th    Ward    . 

774 

619 

155 

524 

250 

480 

44 

98 

152 

15th   Ward    . 

.  .      2,625 

2,182 

443 

1,463 

1,162 

1,344 

119 

321 

841 

16th   Ward    . 

827 

708 

119 

327 

500 

308 

19 

180 

320 

17th   Ward    . 

779 

633 

146 

486 

293 

436 

50 

86 

207 

Ouachita    .  .    .  . 

..      3.914 

3,842 

72 

1,044 

2,870 

938 

106 

781 

2,089 

Plaquemines    .  . 

.  .      2,946 

2,341 

605 

1,162 

1,784 

927 

235 

413 

1,371 

Pointe  Coupee 

.      4.436 

4,231 

205 

1,327 

3,109 

1,109 

218 

402 

2,707 

Rapides 

.  .      7.309 

5.196 

2,113 

4,893 

2,416 

4,240 

653 

236 

2,180 

Red  River    . .    . 

.      1,938 

1.920 

18 

690 

1,248 

580 

110 

186 

1,062 

Richland    . .    .  . 

.  .      1,793 

1,769 

24 

644 

1,149 

571 

73 

189 

960 

Sabine 

.  .      1,972 

1,952 

20 

1,538 

434 

1,173 

365 

40 

394 

If 


POLITICAL. 


553 


BTATEMEXT  OF  REGISTERED  VOTERS  OF  THE  STATE  OF  LOUIS- 
IANA FOR  THE  YEAR  1888,  UP  TO  APRIL  7,  1888— Continued. 


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St.   liernard    .  .     . 

.      1,8:^9 

1,656 

173 

871 

958 

462 

409 

398 

560 

.St.   Cliarles     .  .     . 

.      2,096 

2,078 

18 

242 

1,854 

199 

43 

408 

1,446 

-t.   Helena.     .  .     . 

.      1,509 

1,491 

18 

761 

748 

684 

77 

157 

591 

St.  James   . .    .  . 

5,235 

4,450 

785 

1,835 

3,400 

1,541 

294 

374 

3,026 

St.   Jolin 

2,962 

2,947 

15 

1,011 

1,951 

884 

127 

145 

1,806 

St.  Landry     .  .     . 

10,947 

10,835 

112 

5,354 

5,593 

3,745 

1,609 

1,677 

3,916 

St.   Martin*    .  .     . 

3;674 

3,630 

44 

1,476 

2,198 

.... 

St.   Mary 

7,676 

7,413 

263 

2,227 

5,449 

l",938 

'289 

695 

4,754 

St.  Tammany    .  . 

1,859 

1,741 

118 

1,158 

701 

958 

200 

254 

447 

rangipaiioa     . .    . 

2,842 

2,737 

105 

1,727 

1,115 

1,465 

262 

243 

872 

Tensas 

5,163 

5,091 

72 

728 

4,435 

721 

7 

723 

3,712 

Terrebonne    .  . 

5,311 

5,220 

91 

2,276 

3,035 

966 

1,310 

459 

2,576 

Union 

2,965 

2,938 

27 

1,854 

1,111 

1,594 

260 

130 

981 

Vermilion    .  .    .  . 

2,490 

2,417 

73 

1,931 

559 

820 

1,111 

107 

452 

Vernon 

952 

876 

76 

829 

123 

640 

189 

53 

70 

Wasliington   .  . 

1,215 

1,213 

•'» 

892 

323 

619 

273 

60 

263 

Webster 

2,463 

2,423 

40 

1,146 

1,317 

1,096 

50 

68 

1,249 

West   Baton   Roug€ 

!     2,377 

2,270 

107 

547 

1,830 

386 

161 

241 

1,589 

West   Carroll.     .     . 

571 

568 

3 

252 

319 

202 

50 

56 

263 

West    Feliciana.     . 

3,350 

3,225 

125 

550 

2,800 

510 

40 

150 

2,650 

Winn 

Totals 

1,375 
253,557 

1,369 
232,949 

6 

1,194 
25,407 

181 

856 
99,945 

338 

35 

146 

20,608  1 

128,150 

23,986 

23,010 

102,942 

♦The  original  registration  book  having  been  destroyed  by  fire,  the  number  of  white  aad 
colored  voters  who  write  their  names  and  who  make  their  mariis  cannot  be  given. 


554 


POLITICAL. 


I 


STATEMENT  REGISTERED  VOTERS,  1896. 


Parishes. 


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Acadia     3.898  3,6G2  236 

Ascension     5,473  5,323  150 

Assumption      4,tt87  4.i»15  72 

Avoyelles    5,423  5,378  45 

Bienville    3.(J04  3,000  ♦!(»4 

Hcssier    0,051  5,931  120 

Caddo     0.473  5,825  048 

Calcasieu    7,997  7,251  746 

Caldwell     1,350  1,340  10 

Cameron     605  637  28 

Catahoula    2.780  2,670  110 

Claiborne     4.050  4,040  10 

Concordia     3.837  3.815  22 

l»e    Soto    4.912  4,880  32 

East    Baton    Rouge.    8.060  7,732  328 

East  Carroll    3,021  3,010  11 

East   Feliciana    ....    3.751  3,540  211 

Franlvlin     1,891  1.867  24 

Grant    2,725  2,715  10 

Iberia     4.790  4,614  176 

Iberville     5.266  5,000  266 

Jackson    1,650  1,645  5 

Jefferson    1,506  1,250  256 

Lafayette     626  579  47 

Lafourche    7.799  7,576  423 

Lincoln     3,901  3,882  19 

Livingston     1,940  1,891  47 

Madison   2,324  2,317  7 

Morehouse     3,770  3,737  33 

Natchitoches     4,534  4,409  125 

Orleans     60,084  49,019  11,065 

Ouachita    3.677  3.554  1"23 

Blaciuemines    3.862  3,027  835 

I'ointe   Coupee    ....    5,487  5,351  138 

Kai)ides      9.956  7.764  2.192 

Red  River    2.370  2.355  15 

Richland     2,676  2.643  29 

Sabine    4,080  4.046  34 

St.  Bernard 1.695  1,508  187 

St.   Charles    2,696  2,595  101 

St.    Helena    ....*...    1,620  1.600  20 

St.   James    5,211  4.785  426 

St.  J.   the  Baptist..    4.203  3.687  516 

St.    Landry    .„ 7,807  7,716  91 

St.    .Martin    4,192  4,077  115 

St.   Mary    6,400  6,220  180 

St.   Tammany    2.834  2.636  198 

Tangipahoa     3.144  3.000  144 

Tensas    5,877  5,706  171 

Terrebonne     4,868  4,676  192 

Union     3.483  3.460  23 

Vermilion     3.894  3.829  65 

Vernon     1,381  1,379  2 

Washington      1.610  1,600  10 

Webster    2.869  2.832  37 

West   Baton    Rouge.    2.623  2,565  58 

West  Carroll 892  884  8 

West    Feliciana    .  .  .    4,502  4,436  66 

Winn    1,654  1,648  6 


3,257 

1,035 

2,526 

2,894 

2,354 

1.427 

2.215 

5,725 

710 

583 

1,585 

2,110 

400 

2,037 

2,839 

386 

1,180 

865 

1,813 

2,846 

1,800 

1,154 

685 

626 

4.712 

2.470 

1,590 

290 

892 


3 
45 
1 
1 
1 


907 

565 

,888 

333 

0.<'>33 

829 

814 

3,399 

843 

558 

816 

2.051 

1.5.57 

4.686 

2  212 

2.461 

1,693 

2.131 

576 

2,513 

2,026 

3,208 

1,311 

1,190 

1.521 

750 

306 

700 

1,469 


641 

2,298 
2.467 
2,529 
1,250 
4,624 
4,258 
1,526 

640 
82 
1.195 
1,940 
3,437 
2,875 
5,221 
2,635 
2,571 
1,026 

912 
1,944 
3,466 

496 

821 

3.282 
1,431 

350 
2,034 
2,888 
1,312 
14.177 
2.112 
1.974 
4.254 
3.323 
1.541 
1,858 

680 

852 
2.138 

804 
3,160 
2.646 
3,121 
1,980 
3,939 
1,141 
1.013 
3.203 
2.355 
1,457 

686 
70 

420 
1,348 
1,873 

586 
3,802 

185 


1,594 
3,175 

1.385 

2,210 

2,000 

1,389 

2,172 

4,360 

533 

365 

1.375 

1,990 

400 

1,936 

2,538 

386 

1,171 

774 

1,614 

2,515 

1,700 

993 

422 

301 

2,547 

2,127 

1,120 

290 

800 

2,500 

42,724 

1,452 

1,277 

1,086 

5,588 

779 

733 

2,724 

453 

291 

721 

1,326 

1.196 

3,124 

1,402 

1,348 

1.869 

570 

1,187 

1,759 

1.683 

965 

900 

1.471 

468 

254 

688 

1,140 


1,163 

1,834 

1,141 

684 

354 

38 

43 

1,365 

177 

218 

210 

120 

ioi 

301 

"  i) 

91 
202 
331 
100 
161 
263 
325 
2,165 
343 
470 

'82 
260 

3,183 
113 
611 
247 

1,045 

50 

81 

675 

390 

267 

95 

725 

361 

1,562 

1,059 

345 

262 

6 

1,326 

267 

1.525 

346 

290 

50 

282 

52 

12 

329 


96 
464 
606 

1,017 
250 
311 
425 
541 
260 
19 
420 
460 
375 
272 

1,231 
865 
437 
187 
358 
294 
450 
114 
205 

548 
235 
90 
265 
210 
200 

8,459 
438 

1,040 
674 

1,023 
64 
451 
223 
291 
504 
181 
681 
703 
511 

1,206 
540 
263 
579 
783 
343 
101 
15 
200 
141 
430 
192 
300 
46 


2,733 

601 

75(1 

4,723 

1,572 

1,114 

585 

56 

220 

1,207 

1,443 

394 

3,502 

139 


POLITICAL. 


555 


STATEMENT  OF  KEGISTERED  VOTERS  ON  JANUARY  1,  1898. 

(Act  89  of  1896.) 


Parishes. 


0) 


be 


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s 


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0) 

CIS 

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2 


Acadia     

Ascension     

Assumption    

Avoyelles     

Bienville    

"^o.ssier    

"artdo    

'ahasieu 

Caldwell     

Cameron     

Catahoula    

Claihorne    

Concordia    

DeSoto     

East  P>aton  Rouge. 

East    Carroll 

East    Feliciana. ..  . 

Franklin     

Grant      

Iberia    

Iberville     

Jackson     

Jefferson    

Lafayette     

Lafourche     

Lincoln     

Livingston      

Madison      

Morehouse     

Natchitoches      .... 

Orleans     

Ouachita    

Placiuemines 

Pointe    Coupee.  .  .  . 

Ranides    

Ued    Uiver 

Klr'hland    

Sabine     

St.     Bernard 

St.    Charles 

St.    Helena 

St.    .Fames 

St.   John   Paptist.  . 

St.     Landrv 

St.     Afartin 

St.   Mary    

St.    ""ammnny 

Tangipahoa    

Tens  IS    

Terrebonne     

T^nion     

Vermilion    

Vernon     

^^'n'lhington    

Wobster     

West   Paton    Rouge 

Wpst    Carroll 

West  Feliciana .... 
Winn    


901 

1,093 

1,720 

752 

1,481 

1,142 

2,723 

2,596 

-788 

224 

1,080 

1,352 

380 

830 

1,074 

193 

647 

765 

587 

867 

762 

893 

4,351 

677 

859 

1,310 

1,025 

OOf) 

544 

1.616 
24.441 

1.451 
702 
536 

1,630 
838 
350 
827 

1,235 
984 
433 
754 
197 

1,653 
383 

1,103 
595 

1,439 
691 
738 

1,376 
472 
757 
687 

L276 
439 
314 
451 

1,027 


1 


835 

1,088 

1,677 

728 

1,450 

1,127 

2,483 

2,207 

786 

209 

1,076 

1,347 

372 

815 

978 

164 

607 

758 

584 

765 

721 

890 

3,491 

545 

821 

1.308 

993 

217 

531 

1,574 

24,603 

1,377 

574 

470 

1,430 

832 

335 

,S17 

l.OSl 

790 

425 

737 

1.186 

1,569 

3'<1 

1.009 

559 

1.428 

643 

709 

1.362 

451 

755 

6S5 

1.262 

416 

313 

438 

1.025 


66 

5 

43 

24 

31 

15 

240 

389 

2 

15 
4 
5 

8 

15 

96 

29 

40 

7 

3 

1'02 

41 

3 

860 

132 

38 

2 

32 
12 
13 
42 
4,838 
74 

128 
57 

200 

6 

15 

10 

154 

194 

8 

17 

11 

84 

2 

94 

36 

11 

48 

29 

14 

21 

2 

2 
14 
23 

1 
13 

2 


877 
812 

1,514 
743 

1,268 
683 

2,620 

2,399 
434 
219 
643 

1,252 
188 
819 
997 
182 
609 
473 
571 
867 
699 
719 

2,743 
677 
808 

1,067 
930 
203 
457 

1,603 

26.353 

873 

395 

499 

1,530 
536 
297 
813 
880 
944 
414 
.322 
542 

1,512 
383 

1,101 
468 

1,341 
238 
719 

1,206 
455 
725 
567 
903 
438 
192 
450 
961 


24 

281 

206 

9 

213 

450 

103 

197 

354 

5 

437 

100 

192 

11 

77 

11 

38 

292 

16 

63 
174 

1,608 

'si 

243 

95 

26 

87 

13 

3,'OSS 

578 

107 

37 

100 

302 

53 

14 

355 

40 

19 

432 

655 

141 

2 

127 

98 

453 

19 

170 

17 

32 

117 

373 

1 

122 

1 

66 


792 
713 

917 
686 

1,465 
652 

2,570 

2.240 
411 
195 
601 

1,177 
188 
781 
985 
181 
604 
445 
451 
867 
690 
671 

2,398 
590 
607 
368 
726 
227 
449 

1,2'04 

5,499 
853 
506 
452 

1,500 
488 
294 
770 
755 
600 
409 
304 
459 

1.345 
351 

1.022 
432 

1.341 
237 
f.02 

1.116 
411 
646 
525 
866 
325 
174 
435 
864 


851 

198 

596 

57 

25 

31 

50 

159 

23 

24 

42 

75 

.38 
12 
1 
5 
28 
46 

'  9 

48 

345 

87 

201 

199 

204 

2 

8 

399 

977 

20 

90 

47 

30 

48 

3 

43 

125 

344 

5 

18 

83 

164 

32 

79 

36 

i 

107 
90 
44 
79 
32 
37 

113 
18 
15 
97 


19 

75 

72 

9 

20 

117 

25 

97 

88 

3 

136 

50 

106 

9 

69 

9 

28 

63 

11 

62 

63 

1,302 

ii 

86 
27 
26 
39 
13 
2.749 
166 
73 
o2 

100 

59 

44 

9 

260 

40 

15 

198 

373 

106 


SO 
98 
177 
14 
76 
16 

9 
66 
64 

1 
52 

1 
36 


Total  87.240  78.818   8.422  74,133  12,902  68.442   6.540   7.541 


206 
134 

i93 

342 

78 

100 

266 

2 

301 

50 

86 

2 

8 

2 

10 

229 

5 

'  i 
111 
306 

'46 

157 

68 

'48 

3.37 

412 

34 

15 

243 
9 
5 

95 

'  '4 

234 

282 

35 


47 

276 

5 

04 

1 

23 

51 

309 

70 

30 

5.861 


556 


POLITICAL. 


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558 


POLITICAL. 


NUMBER  OF  PERRONS  LISTED  AND  QUALIFIED  FOR 

REGISTRATION 

Under  Section  5  of  Article  212  of  the  Constitution  of  1898. 


Parishes.  White. 

Acadia    545 

Ascension    1,111 

Assumption     1,645 

Avoyelles    920 

Bienville   413 

Bossier    720 

Caddo    28 

Calcasieu    361 

Caldwell    145 

Cameron    97 

Catahoula    177 

Claiborne    565 

Concordia    48 

De  Soto    41 

East   Baton   Rouge    48 

Kast   Carroll    47 

East  Feliciana 26 

Franklin    220 

Grant    822 

Iberia    1,204 

Iberville    564 

Jackson   415 

Jefferson    579 

Lafourche    2,683 

Lafayette    768     . 

Livingston    629 

Lincoln    727 

Madison    10 

Morehouse     25 

Natchitoches     316 

Orleans    5,882 

Ouachita   172 

Plaquemines 41(> 

Pointe  Coupee    830 

Rapides    152 

Red  River    77 

Richland    144 

Sabine   903 

St.   Bernard    284 

St.    Charles    658 

St.    ir.Mena    163 

St.  James   143 

St.  John  the  Baptist 360 

St.  Landrv   2.564 

St.   Martin    1,151 

St.  Mary 343 

St.  Tammany   993 

Tangipahoa    363 

Tensas    304 

Terrebonne    1,851 

TTnion     280 

Vermilion    1,074 

Vernon    705 

Washington    462 

Webster    791 

West  Baton   Rouge   65 

West  Carroll    182 

West   Feliciana    227 

Winn    445 

Total 37,877 


Colored. 


1 
23 

"i 

18 


48 
1 
1 


111 


Total 

545 

1,111 

1,645 

920 

413 

720 

28 

361 

147 

97 

177 

565 

48 

41 

48 

47 

26 

220 

822 

1,204 

564 

418 

579 

2,683 

768 

629 

728 

10 

25 

316 

5,890 

172 

410 

830 

152 

77 

145 

903 

285 

681 

163 

144 

378 

2,564 

1,152 

343 

1,041 

364 

305 

1,851 

280 

1,074 

705 

462 

791 

65 

182 

227 

447 

37,988 


POLITICAL. 


559 


COLORED  TAXPAYERS. 

Compilation  of  the  Reports  of  the  Tax  Assessors  showing  the  number 
of  colored  males  in  the  State  of  Louisiana  who  are  over  21  years  of  age, 
whose  names  appear  upon  the  tax  rolls  in  their  respective  parishes  as  own- 
ers of  property  amounting  to  not  less  than  Three  Hundred  Dollars 
($300.00),  and  who,  by  reason  of  this,  are  entitled  to  register  and  vote  at 
all  elections: 

Number 
colored  males 


Number 
Parishes.  colored  males 

Acadia   50 

Ascension    46 

Assumption 14 

Avoyelles  92 

Bienville  53 

Bossier  175 

Caddo  285 

Calcasieu  48 

Caldwell    43 

Cameron   22 

Catahoula  41 

Claiborne    189 

Concordia  52 

DeSoto  242 

East  Baton  Rouge 140 

East  Carroll 40 

East   Feliciana 119 

Franklin  41 

Grant 29 

Iberia 135 

Iberville 35 

Jackson 71 

Jefferson 153 

Lafayette  140 

Lafourche 27 

Lincoln    96 

Livingston 4 

Madison  27 

Morehouse    110 

Natchitoches    206 

Ouachita 106 

Plaquemines   101 

Pointe  Coupee 90 


Parishes. 
Orleans : 

First   District 44 

Second  District 180 

Third  District 203 

Fourth   District 49 

Fifth  District 94 

Sixth  District 168 

Seventh  District 124 

Rapides 118 

Red  River 77 

Richland    96 

Sabine 18 

St.    Bernard 7 

St.  Charles 99 

St.  Helena 67 

St.  James 69 

St.  John  the  Baptist 25 

St.  Landry 264 

St.  Martin 298 

St.  Mary 143 

St.   Tammany 45 

Tangipahoa  71 

Tensas 70 

Terrebonne 21 

Union 107 

Vermilion 61 

Vernon 10 

Washington 78 

Webster 93 

West  Baton  Rouge 29 

West  Carroll 47 

West  Feliciana 75 

Winn    28 


Grand  total 5,900 


560  POLITICAL. 


ELECTION  TABLES. 


OFFICIAL  VOTE  FOR  GOVERNOR 
Cast  in  the  Several  Parishes  of  the  State  of  Louisiana  on  Nov.  4, 1872. 

PARISHES.  W.  P.  Kellogg.     Jno.  McEnery. 

Ascension    1,840  666 

Assumption    1,912  I'^X? 

Avoyelles    1,885  1,286 

Bienville    428  872 

Bossier    1,159 

Caddo    1,238  627 

Calcasieu     96  648 

Caldwell    369  486 

Cameron    40  176 

Catahoula    878  678 

Claiborne    942  1,357 

Concordia    1,671  186 

De  Soto   1,022  790 

Kast  Baton  Rouge 2,459  917 

Carroll    1,452  382 

East  Feliciana 1,690  653 

Franlilin 268  536 

Grant    779  165 

Iberia    965  616 

Iberville 2,239  691 

Jackson 610  446 

Jefferson    1,732  970 

Lafourche .  1,792  1,697 

Lafayette    482  884 

Livingston    146  653 

Madison     1,756  305 

Morehouse     1,262  625 

Natchitoches     1,206 

Orleans    14,043  20,537 

Ouachita 1,441  606 

Plaquemines    2,163  460 

Pointe  Coupee 1,454  1,092 

Rapides    1,920  1,049 

Red  River 913  362 

Richland 218  646 

Sabine   62  789 

St.  Bernard 469  260 

St.  Charles 1,231  119 

St.  Helena 541  437 

St.  James  1,852  657 

St.  John  the  Baptist 1,167  638 

St.  Landry    1,890  2,347 

St.  Martin 718  670 

St.  Mary 1,667  739 

St.  Tammany   112  111 

Tangipahoa    769  614 

Tensas    2,275  168 

Terrebonne   1,593  "    1,407 

Union    489  460 

Vermilion    228  256 

Vernon    39  692 

Washington   176  494 

Webster    824  577 

West  Baton  Rouge   900  287 

West  Feliciana    1,309  273 

Winn    109  676 


Total   72,890  65.249 


POLITICAL. 


661 


COMPARATIVE  VOTE  FOR  GOVERNOR  FROM  18Y6  TO  1888. 


1876 


1879 


1884 


1888 


Parishhs. 


o 

a 

■  ct 

a  « 


•o   • 

c. 
P3S 


OS 


O  ^ 

H 


0) 

a 
H 

.  tt 
/-   u 

-"  o 

—  o 

io 


a 
o 


<& 

o 

1-5 


o 

XI 

K1.0 

-a 

u 


a 
b  ■ 

«  a 
Ul 


Acadia                                   •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  1.688  149 

Ascension  ■■.'.'.'.'.'.'..  .' 1,219  2,052  414  1,346  1,016  1,563  2,715  1,334 

Assumption     1,607"  1,684  1..50B  1.919  1.000  1.741  1.902  2.159 

AToyelles    1,485  l.Se.'^  1,608  1,355  1,853  991  2,425  1,310 

Baton  Rouge,  East 2,281  1,623  1.591  1,317  1,478  2,319  1.984  2,606 

Raton  Rouge,  West 442  902  S^iS  563  794  408  1.712  454 

Bienville    958  226  1.101  ...  1,528  2  1,923  37 

Bossier    ^ 889  1,724  1.530  278  2.342  686  t.zl^  95 

Caddo                                .    ...        1.719  2.630  Q.CT^  .='.01  2.000  549  4.802  324 

ralraaleu    1.308  85  1.409  129  1,944  222  2.297  708 

''aldwell    626  282  682  228  673  182  671  276 

Campron    246  52  252  59  255  46  402  2 

Carroll.  East 181  1,382  702  1,316  2,680  285 

Carroll   West ...  503  56  483  4  420  81 

Catahoula    G58  801  800  482  1.402  85  992  885 

Claiborne    1,588  427  1.725  444  2.175  596  2.397  768 

Concordia      379  2.445  1.269  1.024  2.208  676  4.219  145 

De   Soto    1,313  892  908  8  1.732  5  1.865  74 

Fellrlana,  East    1.741  780  1.2.no  293  1.063  366  2.277  5 

Fpllf'iana.  West 1.246  129  1..'?39  147  1.808  252  2.0.?8  377 

Franklin    789  405  822  1  927  1  987  4 

Grant     514  1.449  351  106  508  636  582  402 

Iberia    1.273  2.283  826  1.363  2.233  1.262  1.923  590 

Iberville    965  35  626  2.245  992  1.817  1.802  2.610 

.Taokson     456  1 .688  602  .  .  .  608  .  .  .  963  7 

.Tefferson    859  1.688  ...  ...  423  1.389  855  1.281 

Lafourche     2.006  2.000  1.715  1.366  1.773  1.422  2.702  1.548 

Lafavette    1.158  RRO  1.20.^  690  1.296  1.015  1.70R  1,234 

Lincoln    1.080  324  1.400  .  .  .  1.222  9  1.273 

Livingston     779  121  543  80  525  1.306  766  192 

Madison     336  2,510  2.370  78  787  731  3.530 

Morehouse     1.400  762  947  164  669  15  1.584  14 

Natchitoches    1.776  2.004  1.356  516  2. "03  535  3.373  28.^ 

Ouachita     1.809  781  1.976  11  1.355  1  2.994  5 

OrleaTia      25.097  15  030  1.3.704  5.800  20.878  4.038  27.824  11.142 

Plaquemines    727  1.732  820  1.637  573  1.50.'>  971  1.678 

Polnte    Coupee    1.096  1.963  1.366  000  1.450  922  1.946  1,465 

Ranldes     1,649  1.720  1.041  800  1,708  1.157  4.678  449 

Red   River    413  832  604  79  574  552  1.679  78 

Richland    975  26."  1.158  22  1.201  2  1.287  63 

Sabine    968  23  S'>3  7  933  ...  1.441  2 

St.   Bernard    335  601  897  472  706  683  904  396 

St.    Pharles    263  1.041  114  1,10.^  4  816  172  1.377 

St.   Helena    652  516  4fi4  3.'i2  528  540  846  370 

St.  John  the  Baptist    757  1.287  402  405  282  1.015  503  1.216 

St.    .Tames     984  1.084  806  1.456  402  1.200  898  2.181 

St.    Landrv    3.750  2.245  3.527  2.261  3.746  2.581  3.909  3.278 

St.   Martin    1.032  1.000  852  1.067  1.173  985  1.107  1.624 

St.    Mary    1,455  2.307  545  1.237  326  2.435  2.885  1.649 

St.    Tammany    645  550  605  398  452  549  912  615 

Tensas     486  3.192  1,944  346  3.820  2  4.627  113 

Terrebonne 1.402  1.962  1.007  1,937  1.059  1.810  1.687  2,033 

Tangipahoa     936  558  795  561  814  676  1,249  629 

Union    1.505  87  1.508  78  1.087  345  2.369  91 

Vermilion    908  272  976  305  1.255  422  1,687  619 

Vernon     649  1  688  .  .  .  746  .  .  .  947 

Washington    519  163  574  175  596  579  763  271 

Webster     896  858  588  574  588  840  1,506  325 

Winn     556  78  720  2  812  12  1,196  83 

Total     84.487  76,477  74,098  42,555  88,794  4.S.502  136,746  51.993 


OFFICIAL  VOTE   FOR  GOVERNOR  AND  LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR, 

Cast  the  19th  day  of  April,  A.  D.  1892. 


!ii 

6 
to 

£ 

a 

H 

1 

to 
M 

s 

a 

1 

a 
8 

0 

^ 

a 
a 

n 

Fakishbs. 

o 

fa 

a; 

^ 

^3 

0 

& 

02 

s 

>-; 

2 

Q 

6 

a 

Q 

.a 

a 

X 

i-i 

s 

G 

K 

d   ' 

'^     < 

a 

0 

1-5 

K 

M 

Acadia    .... 

1,670 

1,688 

224 

119 

111 

109 

78 

78 

223 

216 

Ascension     . 

2,623 

2,628 

653 

652 

1.128 

1.121 

80 

79 

7 

7 

Assumption 

989 

991 

927 

929 

1,721 

1,720 

.    .    . 

.    •    > 

Avoyelles    .  . 

2,209 

2,211 

913 

907 

944 

947 

182 

181 

191 

189 

Bienville    ... 

1,121 

1,123 

322 

317 

2 

2 

3 

3 

533 

533 

Bossier     .... 

3,704 

3,704 

217 

217 

96 

.96 

102 

102 

9 

9 

Caddo    

2,489 

2.489 

658 

658 

234 

2.33 

25 

26 

92 

93 

Calcasieu    .  . 

1,456 

1,465 

1,051 

976 

489 

597 

337 

340 

677 

683 

Caldwell    .  .  . 

331 

328 

393 

395 

37 

36 

2 

2 

355 

354 

Cameron    .  .  . 

289 

283 

93 

94 

31 

33 

35 

35 

Catahoula    .. 

428 

424 

410 

413 

360 

362 

81 

82 

853 

858 

Claiborne    .  . 

2,040 

2,038 

393 

382 

690 

691 

1 

1 

109 

107 

Concordia     .  . 

1.500 

1,500 

399 

400 

289 

289 

21 

21 

83 

83 

De   Soto    .  .  . 

1,093 

1,093 

470 

472 

536 

534 

.  .  . 

•    <    • 

282 

286 

E.    B.    Rouge 

1,477 

1,475 

1,004 

1,004 

1,647 

1,647 

323 

322 

3 

4 

E.    Carroll    . 

91 

91 

210 

210 

110 

110 

985 

785 

E.    Feliciana 

1,955 

1,962 

386 

383 

6 

6 

.    .    . 

107 

164 

Franklin     .  . 

662 

663 

360 

359 

148 

148 

46 

46 

39 

39 

Grant    

311 

311 

56 

56 

24 

246 

192 

122 

543 

543 

Iberia    

897 

899 

1,023 

1.026 

408 

407 

17 

17 

•    •    • 

,  .  , 

Iberville    .  .  . 

1,517 

1,518 

1,025 

1,025 

816 

815 

589 

588 

10 

10 

Jackson     . . . 

654 

661 

126 

123 

. 

389 

883 

Jefferson    ..  . 

1,211 

1,209 

800 

800 

454 

457 

ii4 

4i7 

14 

14 

Lafayette    . . 

1,059 

1.058 

569 

570 

3 

3 

37 

35 

.    •    • 

.    •    • 

I.afourche     .  . 

1.000 

1.001 

1,804 

1,806 

1.080 

1,078 

66 

6 

.    .    . 

.    .    . 

Lincoln    .... 

1,538 

1.551 

152 

151 

67 

65 

.    .    . 

124 

124 

Livingston    . . 

.       553 

561 

265 

264 

214 

216 

139 

131 

Madison    .  .  . 

3,0.30 

3,035 

34 

29 

80 

80 

162 

i62 

7 

7 

Morehouse.  .  . 

1,082 

1,085 

301 

303 

16 

16 

33 

32 

2 

2 

Natchitoches. 

1.076 

1.089 

602 

587 

128 

126 

334 

329 

723 

717 

Orleans     .... 

1L516 

11.511 

18,589 

18,633 

5,661 

5,671 

2,152 

2,143 

71 

70 

Ouachita     .  .  . 

.   2.549 

1,564 

1,249 

1,245 

6 

6 

09 

22 

28 

28 

Plaquemines. . 

1.133 

1,134 

482 

483 

213 

213 

1,163 

1,162 

.    .    . 

Pte.   Coupee. 

671 

678 

746 

7.38 

2,069 

2,068 

81 

31 

6 

■  '5 

Rapides     .  .  . 

2.983 

2,985 

439 

438 

100 

109 

780 

773 

639 

639 

Red     River.  . 

663 

666 

165 

166 

606 

206 

234 

244 

Richland    ..  . 

961 

961 

378 

378 

4 

4 

'22 

'22 

•    <    . 

•    •    • 

Sabine    

950 

958 

109 

106 

•    <    . 

,    , 

735 

731 

St.    Bernard. 

126 

120 

564 

564 

108 

108 

300 

306 

.  .  . 

*    >    • 

St.    Charles. 

75 

5 

234 

233 

986 

988 

52 

52 

St.     Helena.. 

5.36 

539 

122 

123 

282 

282 

99 

22 

38 

38 

St.    James..  . 

766 

766 

579 

581 

1,285 

1,284 

296 

296 

St.   J.   Baptis 

t       320 

311 

586 

584 

1,273 

1,275 

18 

18 

. 

St.     Landry.  . 

3.434 

3,447 

611 

616 

1  000 

1,205 

2,419 

2,427 

183 

173 

St.   ISIartin    . 

965 

970 

359 

358 

3 

1 

1 

.  .  . 

•    •   • 

St.     Mary  .  .  . 

3.134 

3.125 

.391 

443 

429 

430 

103 

106 

4 

4 

St.   Tammany 

609 

609 

479 

481 

154 

154 

324 

271 

76 

127 

Tangipahoa 

9.50 

953 

442 

444 

110 

110 

511 

513 

167 

165 

Tensas   

207 

207 

190 

190 

1.264 

1.264 

190 

190 

. 

Terrebonne   .  . 

622 

622 

1,169 

1.167 

288 

290 

9 

8 

Union    

2.147 

2,150 

276 

288 

4 

2 

67 

67 

242 

238 

Vermilion 

1 .01 3 

1,029 

364 

853 

203 

203 

70 

70 

71 

68 

Vernon     .... 

195 

194 

247 

0,50 

3 

3 

506 

50« 

Washington 

656 

656 

68 

~6S 

315 

315 

186 

186 

Webster     .  .  . 

1.214 

1,213 

71 

70 

103 

107 

"  '4 

49 

49 

w.    n.    Rouge      :!7fi 

357 

307 

301 

848 

853 

28 

28 

14 

14 

W    Carroll    . 

:?33 

342 

186 

185 

4 

4 

25 

24 

w.    Feliciana 

1,112 

1.080 

1,193 

1,233 

178 

177 

3 

3 

Winn    

136 

137 

111 
17.037 

113 

58 
29.459 

58 
29.500 

12,298 

1,001 

1,001 

Total     .  . 

79.388 

79,495     ' 

47.062 

12.359 

9,792 

9.804 

RECAPITULATION. 

For  (Jovernor — 

For  TJeiitenant-Governor — 

Murphy   J.   Foster    .  . 

.79.388 

Charles  Parlance    

79.495 

Samuel  D.  Mc 

Knerv   . 
rd     .... 

.  47.037 
.29,4.'>9 

Robert 
H.    D. 

r.    Wic 
Coleman 

kliffe     . 

47.062 

A.    IT.    T>eona 

29,500 

John    E.    P.ref 

iUT     .  .  . 
llll     .  .  . 

,12.3.'59 
.    9,792 

James   C    Week! 
S.    J.   Mills    .  .  . 

1    

1"  ?9S 

R.    H.    Tannel 

9,804 

POLITICAL. 


5G3 


OFFICIAL  VOTE  FOR  GOVERNOR  AND  LIEUT.-GOVERNOR, 

Cast  at  an  Election  Held  April  21,  1896. 


For  Governor. 


For  Lieutenant  Governor. 


Parishes. 


O 


^ 


Acadia     1,162 

Ascension    1,946 

Assumption     1,087 

Avoyelles    2,570 

Bienville    1,547 

Bossier    3,464 

Caddo  ;s.2iu 

Calcasieu    2,101 

Caldwell    376 

Cameron    349 

Catahoula    518 

Claiborne    1,495 

Concordia    3,013 

De    Soto    1,994 

East  Baton   Rouge 1,470 

Fast  Carroll 2,635 

I<:ast  Feliciana   2,514 

Franlclin    1,093 

Grant    440 

Iberia    1,045 

Iberville    • 3,092 

Jackson   447 

Jefferson   3,211 

Lafayette    1,509 

I>afourche   1,817 

Lincoln    878 

Livingston    579 

Madison     1,803 

Morehouse     1,032 

Natchitoches     1,030 

Orleans    26,330 

Ouachita   2,337 

Plaquemines    1,832 

Pointe  Coupee   2,123 

Rapides   4,373 

Red  River 1,140 

Richland   1,069 

Sabine   934 

St.   Bernard    945 

Charles 979 

Helena    512 

James   1,801 

John  the  Baptist 1,592 

Landry    2,557 

Martin   ],339 

Mary 1,102 

Tammany    961 

Tangipahoa    1,501 

Tensas    1,968 

Terrebonne    1,286 

Union    1,279 

Vermilion    760 

Vernon    421 

Washington    694 

Webster    1,553 

West  Baton   Rouge    1,461 

West  (  arroll    362 

West   Feliciana    3,093 

Winn  385 


St. 
St. 
St. 
St. 
St. 
St. 
St. 
St. 


Total  116,216 


2,182 
1,909 
2,699 
1,609 

959 
58 

•J<7 
3,531 

815 

259 

1,239 

1,850 

80 

608 
4,859 

239 

658 

1,430 

1,284 

251 

984 

878 

654 

1,934 

1,286 

764 

385 

1,186 

21,683 

850 
1.582 
1,891 
1,411 

605 
1,086 
1,033 

331 

763 

713 
1,795 

787 
2,656 

225 
3,483 

851 
1,466 

2,203 

1,353 

1,906 

607 

738 

530 

956 

367 

1 

959 

90,138 


o 
o 

n 
n 


79 


a 
xn 


0) 

n 
"3 

3 


36 


1,185 

1,945 

1,131 

2,637 

1,601 

3,465 

3,214 

2,191 

386 

314 

526 

1,523 

3,016 

2.050 

1,493 

2,635 

2,521 

1,113 

427 

1,081 

3,092 

442 

3,213 

1,555 

1.928 

899 

607 

1,803 

1,050 

1,157 

27,596 

2,389 

1,838 

2,128 

4,415 

1,174 

1,117 

941 

945 

979 

519 

1,815 

1.598 

2,500 

1,393 

1.095 

1,057 

1,520 

1,971 

1.330 

1,304 

779 

41- 

697 
1,579 
1,408 

366 
3,101 

401 


2,167 
1,913 
2,687 
1,588 

954 
58 

276 
3,621 

849 

253 

1,239 

1,832 

80 

607 
4,861 

238 

657 

1,428 

1,278 

251 

970 

873 

647 

1,901 

906 

759 

376 
1,196 

20,856 

833 

1,578 

1,891 

1,410 

604 

1,088 

1.088 

324 

763 

717 

1,760 

782 

2,656 

211 

3,495 

908 

1,459 

2,189 
1,401 
1,897 

i;i  > 

724 
521 
953 
S69 
1 
961 


176  118,447   86,487 


a 
a 


u: 


418 


418 


RECAPITUI/ATION. 

For  Governor —  For  Lieutenant-Governor — 

Murphy  J.   Foster    116.216         Robert  11.  Snvder 118,447 

John  N.   Pharr   90.138        J.    B.    Klelnpeter    86.487 

A.   B.   Booth    176        J    H.  Kleinpeter 418 


564 


POLITICAL. 


OFFICIAL   VOTE   FOR   GOVERNOR  AND   LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOl 

CAST  ON  APRIL  17,  1900. 


-Governor- 


•o 

u 
sS 

v 

n 


Parishes.  -^g 

ao 
^ 

Acadia     1,050 

Ascension    807 

Assumption     805 

Avoyelies     1,376 

Bienville     905 

Bossier    605 

Caddo     1,378 

Calcasieu    2,077 

Caldwell     368 

Cameron     223 

Catahoula     735 

Claib'orne    878 

Concordia    310 

De   Soto    652 

East  Baton   Rouge    819 

East   Carroll    159 

East    Feliciana    561 

Franklin    422 

Grant     600 

Iberia    1,035 

Iberville     603 

Jackson     531 

Jefferson    1,460 

Lafourche     1,540 

Lafayette     832 

Livingston    511 

Lincoln     666 

Madison    131 

Morehouse    435 

Natchitoches    706 

Orleans    18,226 

Ouachita     590 

Plaquemines     648 

Pointe  Coupee    671 

Rapides    1,590 

Red  River    488 

Richland    352 

Sabine    865 

St.  Bernard    624 

St.   Charles    547 

St.  Helena   308 

St.  James 458 

St.  John  the  Baptist 867 

St.   Landry    1,986 

St.    Martin    826 

St.    Mary    1,008 

St.   Tammany    601 

Tangipahoa    473 

Tensas     235 

Terrebonne    1,173 

Union    808 

Vermilion     828 

Vernon    683 

Washington     327 

Webster     670 

West  Baton  Rouge   282 

West  Carroll    100 

West   Feliciana    276 

Winn     516 

Total     60,206 


n 

a 

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-Lieutenant  Governor - 


.  ft 


o  m 

-ft 

-^1 

,_:ao 

K  — 

27 
104 

36 

43 

6 

3 

8 

114 

23 
7 
9 
6 

39 
1 

66 
1 

13 
6 
6 

40 

15 

6 

107 

14 
8 
7 
7 
2 
3 

17 

888 

8 

22 

17 

17 

"8 
5 

14 

3 

2 

242 

50 

37 
5 

22 
105 

24 

1 

8 

5 

145 

35 

20 
6 
3 

"    3 
10 


17 
37 

13 

63 

173 

3 

14 

151 

139 

9 

214 

164 

16 

38 

10 

1 

8 

90 

204 

24 

6 

394 

2 

'19 
91 

437 
12 
16 
67 

268 

224 

14 
48 
17 
22 
170 

'  '4 

14 

4 

564 

4 

7 

23 

33 

"s 

256 

22 

342 

15 

51 

1 

11 

8 

376 


495 

799 

263 

73 

9 

3 

6 

112 

'48 
6 
2 


19 

6 

23 

29 

15 

688 

221 

5 

9 

1,121 

462 

6 

11 

5 

4 

18 

2,472 

13 

74 

'21 
4 

8 

'    6 

8 

20 

520 

153 
44 
19 

557 
51 
44 

648 

'si 

23 

8 

18 

27 


1,041 
801 
811 

1,390 
846 
509 

1,378 

2,028 
285 
224 
695 
839 
310 
644 
815 
158 
541 
387 
571 

1,024 
599 
598 

1,450 

1,542 
828 
510 
642 
185 
428 
686 
18,219 
570 
647 
671 

1,576 
480 
347 
775 
632 
547 
301 
456 
867 

1,982 
825 

1,006 
587 
470 
236 

1,161 
716 
823 
571 
317 
637 
281 
102 
273 
440 


25 
101 

36 

42 

4 

3 

2 

102 

16 
8 
6 
7 

39 
1 

67 
1 

13 
7 
6 

40 

15 

6 

106 

"8 

6 

8 

2 

2 

16 

888 

9 

22 

16 

18 

"9 
5 

10 

4 

2 

242 

50 

36 
5 

21 
100 

24 
1 

10 

3 

142 

33 

19 
7 
3 

'  '2 
10 


61 

168 

13 

50 

170 

2 

16 

93 

158 

7 

215 

156 

9 

87 

9 

"9 

72 

206 

17 

6 

898 

2 

'14 
86 

426 
12 
22 
64 

272 

205 

'13 
29 
18 
20 

158 

"2 

14 

5 

502 

4 

5 

17 

28 

"4 

250 

20 

278 

13 

37 

1 

8 

0 

373 


448 

657 

259 

62 

8 

2 

fl 

107 

'48 

a 

1 


17 

0 

20 

26 

0 

668 

204 

4 

9 

1,104 

376 

4 

11 

6 

8 

1« 

2,428 

IS 

78 

'24 
8 

8 

"a 

8 
19 
516 
153  J  ( 

20  ~ 
630 
37 
41 

647 

'70 
13 
8  . 

20 


2.449   4.938   9,277  41,957   2,386   4,770   8,882 


POLITICAL. 


565 


OFFICIAL  RETURNS  OF  ELECTION 
or  Secretary  of  State,  Treasurer,  Auditor,  Attorney  General  and  SuperiBtendent 
of  Public  Education.     Election  in  1896. 


For 
Secretary 
of  State 


For 
Treasurer. 


For  Auditor 
of  Public 
Accounts. 


For 

Attorney 

General 


Parishes. 


ID 

o 

a 

S3 
o 
i-s 


T3 

d 

s 

m 

b< 
o 


a) 

a 

o 


J4 


d 
ja 

o 


d 
at 

ja 

y 
o 
d 

a> 


a 

d 

d 

d 
3 


adla    1,186 

.tension     1,939 

.sumption    . .  .  1,102 

ioyelles    2,637 

linvllle     1,598 

Issier    3,465 

(ddo    3,214 

Clcasleu    2,150 

(Idwell    387 

(meron     314 

(tahoula     519 

(ilborne    1,513 

Cacordia    3,016 

I   Soto    2,053 

i  Baton   Rouge  1,495 

1st   Carroll    .  .  2,635 

Ist    Feliciana.  2,521 

knklin     1,105 

(int    447 

iTla    1,081 

iTvllle    3,092 

J:kson     459 

Jferson     3,226 

Ifayette    1.557 

Ifourche     1,938 

Iicoln    896 

I'ingston    608 

Idlson    1,803 

irehouse    ....  1,057 

Mchitoches    .  .  1,158 

Ceans    27,689 

Cachita     2,403 

iiquemlnes     .  .  1,837 

Inte    Coupee..  2,123 

li   River    1,173 

F3ldes     4,413 

Fhland    1,120 

S)ine    948 

S  Bernard   . . .  945 

S  Charles    .  .  .  979 

S  Helena 522 

S  .Tames 1,811 

«John  Baptist  1,598 

r.andry    .  .  .  2,591 

Martin    1,395 

Mary    1,093 

Tammany.  .  1,049 

liglpahoa    . .  .  1,529 

Tisas     1,971 

Trebonne     .  . .  1,328 

Lion    1,273 

Vmlllon    780 

Vnon    444 

Vshington    .  .  .  697 

Vbster    1,580 

y  Baton  Rouge  1,468 

^st  Carroll  .  .  366 

V  Feliciana  ..  3,101 

Vm    403 


2,167 
1,911 
2,688 
1,588 

973 
57 

276 
3,622 

849 

252 

1,239 

1,862 

80 

608 
4,858 

239 

657 

1,427 

1,279 

251 

971 

874 

650 

1.897 

1,330 

755 

357 

1,197 

21,065 

829 
1,578 
1,891 

605 
1,413 
1,089 
1,066 

324 

763 

712 
1,766 

782 
2,656 

210 
3,494 

906 
1,439 

2,188 
1,443 
1,879 
602 
722 
521 
953 
369 

965 


1,183 

1,945 

1,101 

2,625 

1,591 

3,464 

3,211 

2,143 

387 

323 

526 

1,530 

3,016 

2,049 

1,489 

2,635 

2,520 

1,105 

447 

1,047 

3,092 

459 

3,226 

1,552 

1,935 

897 

607 

1,803 

1,056 

1,158 

27,765 

2,401 

1,838 

2,123 

1,174 

4,414 

1,121 

948 

945 

979 

517 

1,805 

1,598 

2,589 

1,232 

1,093 

1,057 

1,530 

1,971 

1,326 

1,281 

780 

444 

697 

1,581 

1,468 

366 

3,102 

404 


2,168 
1,911 
2,689 
1,594 

972 
49 

279 
3,619 

849 

271 

1,1!;{.S 

1,846 

80 

605 
4,864 

239 

658 

1,424 

1,290 

251 

971 

874 

643 

1,899 

1,331 

756 

357 

1.198 

20,081 

831 
1.577 
1,891 

603 
1,413 
1,090 
1,079 

324 

763 

715 
1,766 

778 
2,658 

203 
3,495 

904 
1,462 

2.188 
1.421 
1,897 
597 
725 
519 
953 
369 

963 


1,191 

1,946 

1,102 

2,629 

1.597 

3,465 

3,213 

2,146 

390 

338 

526 

1,532 

3,016 

2,053 

1,496 

2,635 

2,522 

1,]04 

448 

1,083 

3,092 

462 

3,226 

1,574 

1,935 

907 

610 

1,803 

1,057 

1,153 

27,662 

2,409 

1,837 

2,123 

1,172 

4,415 

1,120 

948 

945 

979 

519 

1,809 

1,598 

2,590 

1,395 

1,094 

1,059 

1,527 

1,971 

1,336 

1.4U0 

778 

443 

698 

1,580 

1,468 

365 

3,103 

405 


2,163 
1,910 
2,679 
1,588 

965 
57 

276 
3,620 

847 

271 

1.239 

1,839 

80 

607 
4,862 


239 

656 

1,423 

1,278 

251 

970 

874 

648 

1,897 

1,322 

758 

356 

1,202 

21,113 

826 
1,578 
1,891 

603 
1,412 
1,090 
1,085 

324 

763 

712 
1,759 

782 
2,658 

212 
3,495 

891 
1,462 

2,189 
1,341 
1,897 
606 
726 
522 
953 
369 

962 


d 
o 
.o 

■M 

0 


1,286 

1,946 

1,112 

2,634 

1,583 

3,465 

3,214 

2,145 

385 

315 

525 

1,523 

3,016 

2,054 

1,489 

2,635 

2,522 

1,107 

452 

1,077 

3,092 

459 

3,243 

1,575 

1,929 

897 

609 

1,803 

1,056 

1,146 

27,188 

2,408 

1,837 

2,123 

1.167 

4,403 

1,120 

946 

945 

979 

519 

1,809 

1,598 

2,590 

1,394 

1,089 

1,057 

1,526 

1,971 

1,132 

1,34B 
778 
430 
638 

1,578 

1,468 
365 

3,101 
403 


2,158 
1,910 
2,688 
1,587 
1,050 
57 

276 
3,612 

850 

253 

l.2:v,» 

1,842 

80 

606 
4,863 

239 

657 

1.415 

1,277 

251 

971 

707 

649 

1,903 

1.324 

760 

356 

1,198 

21,146 

829 
1,578 
1,891 

603 
1,413 
1,090 
1,077 

324 

763 

713 
1,759 

781 
2,656 

210 
3,501 

908 
1,428 

2,37i 
1.356 
1,897 
612 
722 
521 
953 
369 

962 


For 
Superint'd't 

of  Public 
Education. 


a 
o 

"5 


« 

o 

o 
O 


1,190 

1,944 

1,102 

2,638 

1,594 

3,465 

3,214 

2,038 

387 

310 

.">27 

1,530 

3,016 

2,055 

1,498 

2,635 

2,519 

1,105 

448 

1,082 

3,092 

457 

3,232 

1,575 

1,926 

890 

610 

1,803 

1,057 

1,154 

27,469 

2,408 

1,837 

2,123 

1,174 

4,413 

1,121 

948 

945 

979 

518 

1,805 

1,603 

2,570 

1,391 

1,092 

1.061 

1,529 

1,971 

1,318 

1,323 

780 

437 

697 

1,581 

1,467 

366 

3,103 

403 


2,173 
1,910 
2,689 
1,583 

971 
57 

278 
3,629 

849 

276 

1.2:19 

1,841 

80 

606 
4,835 

239 

658 

1,429 

1,282 

251 

971 

872 

643 

1,903 

1,333 

758 

357 

1,202 

21,120 

829 
1,578 
1,891 

603 
1.412 
1,090 
1,079 

324 

763 

716 
1,766 

777 
2,683 

211 
3,494 

905 
1,462 

2,i89 
1,387 
1,897 
614 
725 
621 
953 
369 

963 


\ 


Total 


.118.806  88,144  118,671  87,090  118,999  88,098  118,202  87,211  118,525  87,252 


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OFFICIAL  VOTE  FOR  RAILWAY  COMMISSIONERS. 


OFFICIAL    VOTE  — RAILWAY     COMMIS 
SIGNER,  FIRST  DISTRICT. 

^  Election  November,    1898.^ 


Parishes.  Charles  L. 

DeFuentes 

fuioans 7,787 

Jefferson   1,733 

riannetnines    6C9 

St.  Bernard 475 

St.  Charles 1,066 

St.  James 874 

St.   John    1,063 

Total 13,067 

ELECTION   RETURNS 

For     Representative    from     Sabine     Parish. 
Election  November,   1900. 

J.   W.   Conerly .  25 

Don     E.     Sorrelle     7 

J.    W.    Tavlor    1 

Rullard    4 

I.  N.  McAllister 1 

ELECTION   RETURNS 
For    Representative    from    DeSoto    Parish. 

R.   H.   Speel    402 

C.    H.    Peyton    228 

J.  M.  Wilson    184 


OFFICIAL    VOTE  —  RAILWAY     COMMI 
SIONER,    SECOND    DISTRICT. 

(Election  November,  1898.) 


Parishes.  R.  N. 
Sims,  Jr. 

Acadia    88 

Ascension    514 

Assumption 1,027 

Avoyelles    284 

Calcasieu 705 

Cameron   83 

East  Baton  Rouge 368 

East  Feliciana 191 

Iberia    634 

Iberville    259 

Lafayette    198 

Lafourche    588 

Livingston 116 

Pointe  Coupee    181 

St.  Helena 94 

St.  Landry 364 

St.  Martin 243 

St    Mary 215 

St.  Tamman.v    101 

Tangipahoa  170 

Terrebonne     322 

Vermilion 172 

W<ishington     108 

West  Baton  Rouge 151 

West    Feliciana 102 

Tola!    7,278 


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OFFICIAL  VOTE  FOR  RAILWAY  COMMISSIONERS. 


OFFICIAL    VOTE  —  RAILWAY     COMMLS- 

.-T^yEil.    THIRD   DISTRTC'I.'. 

(Election  November,  1898.) 


L-ieuville 195  214 

Bossier    368  79 

Caddo    ,679  60 

■{  aldwell    90  17 

,  Cataliou:a 231  19 

Claiborne    261  70 

;Con.ordia 332  1 

DeSoto    260  195 

Fast    Carroll 229  1 

Franklin     347  11 

Grant    70  28 

Jac-kson     104  13 

Lincoln     152  24 

Madison    206  5 

Morehouse    249  6 

Natcliitoches    ....  542  278 

Ouachita     396  111 

Rapides    691  27 

Red  River 71  154 

Ri"hland    160  5 

Sabine    160  134 

Tensas     229  4 

Union    225  4 

Vernon    182  30 

Webster 184  48 

West    Carroll   ....  88  7 

Winn 54  40 


Total 


..6,755      1.^7? 


161 
13 
10 
33 

192 

70 

2 

14 

98 
125 
117 
251 

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50 

50 

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202 

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OFFICIAL   VOTE  —   RAILWAY   COMMIS 

SIONER.    THIRD   DISTRICT. 

(Election   November,   1900.) 


Parishes. 


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Rapides    1,096 

Vernon     467 

Sabine    538 

Crant     236 

Natchitoches     836 

Winn    1:66 

Red  River   461 

DeSoto     927 

Caddo     1,288 

hossier     418 

Webster    493 

Bienville    825 

Concordia    339 

Caldwell     272 

Franklin     324 

Tensas     212 

Madison     i.'52 

Richland    297 

Ouachita     650 

.Tackson     332 

Lincoln     492 

I'nion     692 

Morehouse     364 

East    Carroll     177 

West    Carroll    72 

Claiborne     882 

Catahoula     391 

Total 13,499 


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575 


FIFTY-THIRD  CONGRESS. 

Official  vote  of  election  held  on  8th  day  of  November,  1892,  for  Repre- 
sentatives in  Congress  from  the  State  of  Louisiana  to  Fifty-Third 
Congress  of  the  United  States. 


FIRST  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 

Parishes.  Adolph  Meyer.  James   Wilkinson. 

Orleans    9,385  3,434 

St.   Bernard    560  161 

Plaquemines   933  1,192 

Total    10,878 4,787 

SECOND  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT, 

Parishes.  R.  C.  Davey.  Morris  Marks. 

Orleans    9,251  3,260 

Jefferson    1,277  232 

St.  Charles 347  701 

St.  James   1,174  831 

it.  John  the  Baptist    539  1,078 

Total    12,588 6,102 

THIRD  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 

Parishes.  Andrew  Price.  I.  J.  Willis. 

Iberville    1,646  595 

j^ssumption    1,306  696 

Lafourche    3,067  93 

Terrebonne    1,230  346 

St.  Mary    1,339  249 

Iberia    588  28 

St.   Martin    483  2 

Lafayette    664  1 

Vermilion    323  237 

Cameron    182  6 

Calcasieu     .     1,064  692 

Ascension    2,141  178 

Total    14,033 3,123 

FOURTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 

Pabishss.  N.  C.  Blanchard.  T.  J.  Guice. 

Rapides    3,215  457 

Sabine   510  760 

De    Soto    1,575  346 

Natchitoches   1,085  594 

Red  River 953  288 

Caddo    2,232  251 

Bossier    2,943  72 

Winn   201  791 

Grant 338  500 

Bienville   1,631  443 

Vernon    325  369 

Webster    1,424  296 

Total    16,442  5,167 


Ross   Carlin 

40 
12 


52 


Scattering. 


Scattering 


S.attering. 


576 


POLITICAL. 


riFTY-THIKD  CONGKESS. 

Official  vote  of  election  held  ou  8th  day  of  November,  1892,  for  Repre- 
sentatives in  Congress  from  the  State  of  Louisiana  to  Fifty-Third 
Congress  of  the  United  States. — Continued. 


FIFTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


Parishes. 


C.  J.  Boatner.     A.  A.  Gundy.     R.P.Welch.      Scattering. 


Concordia  .  . 
Caldwell  .  .  . 
Franklin    .  .  . 

'lensas    

Madison     .  .  . 
Hicb.and     .  .  . 
Ouachita    .  .  . 
Jackson 
Lincoln     .  .  .  . 

I  uion    

Aloreliouse    .  . 
East  Carroll 
\\est  Carroll 
Claiborne   .  .  . 
Catahoula    .  . 


Total 


3,489 
649 
516 

2,550 

3,118 
507 

2,507 
191 
445 
578 
710 

1,366 
388 

1,307 

1,050 

19,571 


109 

36 

289 

3 

85 
418 
306 
209 
224 
787 
424 
4 

19 
146 

60 


224 

25 

11 

3 

151 

466 

1,084 

647 

96 

22 

9 

1,121 

442 


3,108 


4,301 


18 
19 


SIXTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


Parishes. 


Ai  adia    

St.  Landry    

Pointe  Coupee    .  .  .  . 

Avoyelles     

East  Feliciana   .  .  .  . 
\\  est   I'eliciana    .  .  . 
East  liatou   Itouge 
\\  est  Bat'm  Rouge  . 

St.   Helena    

Livingston     

Tangipahoa    

W  ashington     

St.  Tammany 


Total 


S.  M.  Robertson. 

273 
1,135 
1,159 
1,606 
1,325 
•  1,563 
1,246 
1,571 

304 

322 

77  8 

414 
62 


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96 

899 

"'3 

102 

287 

30 

78 
245 
114 
127 

62 


Scattering. 


12,258 


2,043 


OFFICIAL  VOTE  OF  SPECLVL  ELECTION 

Held  on  the  8th  day  of  November,  1802,  for  Kepresentatives  in  Congress 
from  the  State  of  Louisiana,  to  Fifty-third  Congress,  to  fill  vacancy 
of  N.  C.  Blanchard. 

FOURTH    CONGRESSIONAL   DISTRICT. 


Parishes. 

Rapides 

Sabine    

De  Soto 

Natchitoches     . 
lied   River    .  .  . 

(  addo    

liossier    

Winn    

Grant    

Bienville    

Vernon    

Webster    


H.  W.  Ogden. 

C.  D.  Hicks. 

Scattering . 

1,613 

155 

153 

475 

635 

200 

702 

360 

501 

135 

895 

248 

1,592 

70 

139 

517 

267 

440 

774 

350 

219 

127 

2 

771 

256 

• 

• 

Total 


8,261 


3,333 


Congressmen    elected — First    District,    Adolph    Meyer ; 
Davey  :  Third  District,  Andrew  Price;  Fourtli  District,  N.  C 
ator  and  succeeded  by  H.  W.  Ogden  ;  Fifth   District,  C.  J. 
B.  M.  Robertson. 


Second  Distriict,  R.  C. 
.  Blanchard,  elected  Sen- 
Boatner  ;  Sixth  District, 


POLITICAL. 


.)  i  I 


FIFTY-FOURTH  CONGRESS. 

Official  vote  of  the  Congressional  election  held  November.  (5,   1894,   for 
Representatives   to   the   Fifty-fourth   Congress   of  the   United   States. 


FIRST  DISTRICT 

Pahlshes 

Orleans    

Plaquemines    

Adolph  Meyer.      II.  I'. 

12,255 

791 

Kernochan. 
3,827 
1,912 
937 

Jas.  I^ennard. 
370 

Scatt»»ring. 
5 

St.   Bernard    

359 

Total     

.  .  .  .           13,405 

6,676 

370 

5 

SECOND  DISTRICT. 

Parishes. 
Orleans     

Chas.  F.  Buck.     H.  D 
.  .  .  .          10,351 

Coleman.  J 
3.556 
1,855 
1,019 

333 

448 

.M.Callaghan. 
135 

'31 

Scattering. 
3 

St.  .James 

....                239 

St.    .John    

....                522 

Jefferson     

.  .  .  .             3.042 

St.   Charles    

....                710 

14,864 

Total    

7,211 

166 

3 

THIRD  DISTRICT. 

PARISHES. 

Cameron    

Andrew  Price.     Tay 

•'38 

lor  Beattie. 

58 

126 

449 

S5 

694 

513      • 

1,554 

1,160 

1,257 

576 

912 

1,236 

Jno.  Lightner. 
41 

•  *   • 

7 

466 

•  •  • 

'42 
137 

'14 

Scattering . 

I  afavette    

.  .  .  .             1.117 

Iberia   

....             1,332 

St.  Maitln        

656 

Iberville 

.  .  .  .             2,935 

Calcasieu    

.  .  .  .             2,079 

St.   Mary    

Assumption    

754 

. . . .                683 

Ascension     

.  .  .  .             1,646 

1 

Vermilion    

....                354 

Lafourche  

Terrebonne    

1,769 
825 

Total    

14,383 

8,620 

741 

1 

FOURTH  DISTRICT. 

PARISHES. 

Bienville          

] 

H.  W.  Ogden.     B 

634 
2,705 
2,097 

996 

176 

747 
3,097 

726 

315 

266 

356 

142 

.  W.  Bailey . 
659 

RosRipr 

68 

Caddo    .  .           

66 

L)e  Soto 

170 

Grant              

557 

NatohitocliGs       .... 

1,233 

Rapides   

483 

Red  River 

241 

Sabine    

878 

Vernon 

443 

Webster    

319 

Winn    

815 

Total   

12,257 

5,932 

FIFTH  DISTRICT. 

Parishes  . 

Caldwell    

Claiborne    

0.  J.  Boat! 

467 

938 

ler.             Al 

exls  Benoit.     E. 

318 

319 

396 

20 

6 

420 

526 

1.100 

381 

55 

642 

307 
59 

M.  Graham. 

Catahoula    

589 

Concordia    

Kast    Carroll           .  . 

2,109 

2,010 

Franklin    

637 

Jackson   

Lincoln    

Morehouse     

212 

•            443 

691 

is 

Madison    

Ouachita  

1,968 

2,548 

Tensas   

1,037 

Richland    

West  Carroll        .... 

60:! 

443 

Total    

14,755 

4,549 

13 

578  POLITICAL. 

FIFTY-FOURTH  CONGRESS. 

Official  vote  of  the  Congressional  election  held  November,  6,  1894,  for 
Representatives  to  the  Fifty-fourth  Congress  of  the  United  States. 
— Continued. 

SIXTH  DISTRICT. 


Parishes. 

Ai'sdia    

Avoyelles    

East    Raton   Rouge 
f^.ist  Feliriana   .  .  .  . 

Livingston     

To  in  to  Coupee    .  .  .  . 

St.   TIelena    

St.   Landry    

St.  Taramauy 

Tangipahoa     

West  Baton  Rouge 
West   Feliciana    .  .  . 
Washington    


M.  Robertson. 

M.  R.  Wilson. 

Scattering . 

14.-? 

93 

913 

1,405 

158 

414 

201 

228 

353 

1,072 

■    >    ■ 

221 

216 

1,019 

691 

1 

416 

8 

59.S 

167 

718 

636 

25 

203 

318 

Total    7,981 2,230      1 

Congressmen  elected — First  District.  Adolph  Meyer ;  Second  District,  Charles 
F.  Buciv  :  Third  District.  Andrew  Price  :  Fourth  District,  H.  W.  Ogden  ;  Fifth  Dis- 
crict.  C.  .1.  Rcatner ;  Sixth  District.  Samuel  M.  Robertson. 


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AMENDMENTS  TO  THE  CONSTITUTION  OF  1898. 


ELECTION  RETURNS— FIRST  AMEND- 
MENT TO  CONSTITUTION  OF  1898 
(being  Act  No.  4  of  Extra  Session  of 
18U9 — New  Orleans  Sewerage  Tax). 


ELECTION  RETURNS— SECOND  AMEND-i 
MENT  TO  CONSTITUTION  OF  1898— 
Eiection  November  6th,  1900. 


Parishes.  For.  Ag'nst 

Acadia    ^^  ^l 

Asceusiou    l'^«>  ^ 

Assumption    «^-^  ■^ 

A\  oyelies 508  If 

ijicuvilie    i-?-  "^^ 

Caado    l.^tfo  ^^u 

Calcasieu   l'J8  .^  t 

Caldwell    i><^'  2 

Cameron     3  0  4 

Catahoula    ^78  IJ 

Claiborne 114  12 

Concordia    -15  8.i 

DeSoto    2G2  42 

East  Uaiou  Uouge o81  8 

East    Carroll 137  6 

East    Feliciana ii*JtJ  -5 

I'ranklin 3S  t» 

Grant     103  20 

Iberia     327 

Iberville     70  3 

Jackson     55  31 

Jefferson    1,526  4 

Lafourche    49  3 

Lafayette    47  2 

Livingston     106  2 

Lincoln     76  10 

Madison    108  1 

Morehouse 144  42 

Natchitoches   291  92 

Orleans    17,616  312 

Ouachita    306  27 

I'laquemines    518 

I'oiute   Coupee    

Rapides    , 

Red  River    

Richland    , 

Sabine    , 

St.    Bernard    

St.  Charles   

St.    Helena    , 

St.   James    

St.   John    

St.   Landry    , 

St.  Martin 

St.  Mary    

St.  Tammany    

Tangipahoa  

Tensas    

Terrebonne    

Union     

Vermilion 

Vernon    

Washington     

Webster   

West  Raton  Rouge   

West  Carroll 

West  Feliciana 

Winn    

Total    32,137       1,434 


540 

4 

404 

176 

248 

11 

169 

12 

76 

36 

636 

,  , 

444 

,  , 

61 

11 

200 

6 

1,066 

,  , 

523 

27 

9 

,  , 

39 

3 

163 

2 

189 

28 

237 

66 

82 

7 

73 

10 

19 

106 

39 

3 

45 

12 

182 

1 

51 

14 

181 

25 

41 

19 

Name   of   Parishes.  For 

Acadia   346 

Ascension     246 

Assumption   336 

Avoyelles    407 

Kienville    502 

Bossier     366 

Caddo 758 

Calcasieu 731 

Caldwell    226 . 

Cameron   59 

Catahoula    429 

Claiborne     586 

Concordia    199 

DeSoto 562 

East  Baton  Rouge 658 

East  Carroll   14 

East  Feliciana    439 

Franklin    222 

Grant    251 

Iberia     129 

Iberville     186 

Jackson    216 

Jefferson    945 

Lafayette     102 

I^afourche    275 

Lincoln    225 

Livingston     269 

Madison 120 

Morehouse 316 

Natchitoches 475 

Orleans    11,611 

Ouachita    541 

I'laquemine   485 

I'ointe  Coupee    604 

Rapides    752 

Red  River   380 

Richland    230 

Sabine    188 

St.  Bernard 237 

St.  Charles   123 

*St.    Helena    

St.   James    284 

St.  John  the  Baptist 377 

St.  Landrv 682 

St.  Martin    57 

St.  Mary    238 

St.  Tammany 317 

Tan!;ii)ahoa    586 

Tensas    193 

Terrebonne    264 

Union     403 

Vermilion 159 

Vernon     458 

Washington    228 

Webster     279 

West  Baton  Rouge 165 

West   Carroll    167 

West   Feliciana 300 

Winn   294 

Total    31,320 

♦Missing. 


Ag'; 


34 

9 

4 

14 

37 

8 

33 

74 

20 

2 

11 

33 

54 
12 

2 
21 

G 
57 
11 
11 
40 
13 

7 
19 
20 
11 

i9 
86 
228 
22 
15 
7 
44 
17 
17 
30 


3 
3 

70 

10 

9 

11 
84 

6 
20 
18 
17 
22 
22 
34 

4 

3 
11 
46, 


1,44(1 


ELECTORAL  VOTE  OF  LOUISIANA. 

Cast  on  November  2,  1880. 


A  sf  pnsion 

Parishes. 

Hancock. 
411 

..arfleld. 
1.643 
1,458 
1,289 

185 
8 

99 
140 

57 
158 
160 
809 

1.058 

1.303 

116 

'86 

1.114 
.  >  . )  2  o 

981 

1.698 

437 

72 

456 
53 
524 
317 
434 
1.010 
367 
535 
271 
648 
153 
355 
350 
45f? 
247 
286 
159 
782 
360 
181 
18 
879 
759 
580 
85 
32 

341 

1.030 

244 

2,147 

1,058 

2.212 

948 

2.181 

357 

339 

596 

1.699 

52 

116 

'44 

1S8 

361 

42 

127 

.38,628 

Wheelr 

35 

796 

.    •    ■ 

3.310 

... 

Bienville 

783 

Itossi^r 

2.144 

>    •    . 

2.478 

•    •    ■ 

( 'a  lea  sipii 

784 

.    .    • 

Caldwell 

529 

10 

165 

... 

Catahoula 

616 

.  .  . 

( Maibornf* 

1.353 

.  .  . 

r'onc'oriiin 

1.445 

112 

r>e  Soto 

795 

P'ast  Paton  Rouge 

Rast  f'arroll        

1.153 

200 

ios 

Kast  Kpliriana 

763 

•   .    . 

Franklin 

571 

(zPant    

326 

... 

Iboria     

600 

.  .  . 

Iberville         .  . 

524 

.Ta'kson      .... 

382 

,Tftff'f>rs(")n 

438 

Lafourche     .  .  . 
I  afayette    .  .  . 

1.42S 

590 

fjivingston     .  . 

270 

4 

Jjincoln 

1.115 

XTadison    

926 

Morehouse     .  . 

981 

Xatohitoches 

1.629 

6 

Orleans— 1st  Ward 

2nd  Ward   

3rd  Ward 

4th  Ward 

5th  Ward 

1.366 

1,619 

2.347 

902 

1,289 

"6 
3 
2 

6th  Ward    

7th  Wni-d 

^ 950 

1,050 

Sth 

Wnrfl                     

914 

9th  Ward 

10th    Ward    

nth  Ward            . 

1,267 

1.7S4 

1.647 

.  . . 

12th 
13th 

Ward 

Ward     

606 

384 

... 

14th 

Ward              

168 

15th 

16th 

17th 

Ouarhita 

Ward 

Ward 

Ward    

644 

131 

257 

2.225 

I'laqueinines   . 

735 

I'ointe  Coupee 

liaj.ides 

Ror"   River    .  .  . 

SOI 

1.748 

5'I0 

Ri'hland    .... 
Sahiiie    

1.132 

433 

St.    Rornard    . 
St.  Charles   .  . 

390 

108 

St.   Helena 

368 

17 

St.  .Tames    .  .  . 

599 

St.  .John    .... 
St.   Landry    .  . 

383 

2  009 

St.  Martin  .    . 

.        632 

St.    .Marv    .  .  . 

571 

St.  Tammany 
'i'angipahoa    .  , 

Tensas    

Terrebonne    . . 

I'nion    

Vermilio.'i    .  .  . 

431 

714 

2.075 

1.005 

1.162 

374 

15 

26 

81 

Vernon     

372 

Washini,'ton 

346 

Web.ster    .... 

861 

West  Baton  Rouge    

\v'est   Carroll    

330 

247 

West  Feliciana    

Winn     

1,168 

320 

15 

Total   .  .  . 

65,067 

442 

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586  i-OLiTicAr,. 

ELECTORAL  COLLEGE  VOTE. 
Counting  at  Washington,  D.  C,  February  13,  190L 


o  a 


o    .  For  President.  For  Vice-President. 


a 


el  0)  a; 


"Sos  States.  5  "c"  ?  S  >   • 


■c 


3  3 


13 


11  Alabama    11  U 

S  Arkansas     g  g 

i>  Ca'ifornia     D  g    . 

4  Colorado     4  4 

tt  Connec'ticiit 6  g 

.■5  Delaware     3  3 

4  Florida      4  4 

13  (ieor^ia     '  13  .  10 

3  Idaho     3  ^"^ 

24  Ililnois    24  24 

15  Indiana     1 .5  15 

1 3  Iowa     13  "13 

10  Kansas     \q  jq 

13  Kentucky     13 

8  I>ouisiana     8  ^g 

0  Maine     fj  g 

8  Mar.vland 8  8 

1.")  Massachusetts     1  .">  I5 

1 4  Michigan     14  I4 

!>  Minnesota      0  g 

!l  Mississippi     v,  g 

1 7  ^fissouri     I7  -tj 

3  Montana    ..."  3  3 

5  Nebi-aska      8  8 

3  Nevada     .[  3  o 

4  New   Hampshire    4  "  4 

1 0  New    .lerse.v    10  10 

3fi  New    York' 36  3g 

11  North    Carolina    11 

3  North  I  )akota 3  3 

-•|  ^»hio     23  23 

4  Ore.ijon     4  4 

32  Penns.vlvania     32  32 

4  Rhode    Island     4  4 

0  Soutli   t'arolina    9 

4  S'outh    liakota    4  '  4 

12  Tennessee    12 

1  rt  Texas     1  ^  it 

3  Utah     .......:.■.■.■  3  3  ^^ 

4  Vermont     4  4 

1 2  Virgin  la     1  ^> 

4  AA'ashiiifjtiin     4  4 

H  West   Vir,a;inia g  g 

12  Wisconsin     12  lo 

3  Wyoming 3  3 

1^"^  -'92        155  ~  ^g2  155^ 


11 


12 


12 


POLITICAL.  587 

VOTE  OF  THE  STATE  SINCE  1872. 


Dem. 

1872— President ." 66,467 

1872 — President *57,029 

1876 — President 83,723 

1876— President    *70,508 

1880— President 65,067 

1884— President 62,529 

1888 — President   85,032 

Dem.  Rep. 

1892— Governor al26,009  540,135 

Fusion — 

1892— President 87,922  26,563 

1896— Governor 116,216  90,138 

Dem.  Rep. 

1896— President 77,175  22,037 

1900— Governor     60,206  2,449 

1900- President    53,671 14,233 

♦Count  of  tlie  Republican  Returning  Board. 
aCombined  Democratic  Vote. 
bCombined  Republican  Vote. 


Rep. 

Maj. 

59,975 
71,634 
77,174 
75.315 
38,628 
46,347 
30,484 

6,492  D. 
14,605  R, 

6,549  D. 

4,807  R. 
26,439  D. 
16,182  D. 
54,548  D, 

F.  A. 

Plu. 

8,502 

85,874  D, 

61,359  D, 
26,078  D. 

Nat.  Dem. 
1,834 
Fusion. 
9,277 

55,138  D, 

48,580  D. 
39,438  D. 

I 


PART    IV. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


593 


HISTOEICAL  AND    STATISTICAL    TABLE    OF    UNITED    STATES 

AND  TERRITOKIES, 

Showing  area  of  each  in  square  miles  and  acres,  the  date  of  acts  organizing 
Territories,  and  date  of  acts  admitting  new  States  into  the  Union. 


Civil  Divisions. 


^Thirteen  Origi- 
nal States. 
New  Hampshire. 
Massachusets  .  . 
Rhode  Island.  .. 
Connecticut    .  . . 

New  York 

New   Jersey.  . .  . 
Pennsylvania    .  . 

Delaware 

Maryland  

Virginia 


Act  Organizing 
Territory. 


Art   Admitting 
State. 


North  Carolina. 
South  Carolina. 
Georgia   


States  Admitted. 

Kentucky 

Vermont   

Tennessee    

Maine 

Texas 

West  Virginia .  . . 

'^Ohio 

Louisiana , 

Indiana 

Mississippi 

Illinois   , 

Alabama , 

Missouri    

Arkansas March  2,  1819. 

Michigan Jan.  11,  1805 

Florida March  30,  1822 .  . 

Iowa June  12,  1838.  .. 

Wisconsin    i  April  20,  1836 .  . . 

California    | 

Minnesota    i]\Larch  3,  1849.  . . 

Oregon    Aug.  14,  1848 

Kansas  jMay  30,  1854 

Nevada  |  March  2,  1861 . .  . 


March  3,  1805. 
May  7.  1800.  .. 
April  7,  1798.  , 
Feb.  3,  1809.  .. 
March  3,  1817. 
June  4,  1812.  . 


Feb.  4,  1791... 
Feb.  18,  1791. . 
June  1,  1796.  ., 
March  :'>,  1820. 
iDec.  29,  1845. 
Dee.  31,  1862.  . 
April  30,  1802. 
April  8,  1812.  . 
iDec.  11,  1816. 
Dec.  10,  1817.  . 
Dec.  3,  1818.  .. 
Dee.  14,  1819.  . 
March  2,  1821. 
June  15,  1836. 
Jan.  26,  1837.  . 
March  3,  1845. 
March  3,  1845. 
Mav  29,  1848.  . 
Sept.  9,  1850.  . 
May  11,  1858.  . 
Feb.  14,  1859.  . 
J.nn.  29,  1861.  . 
^March  21, 1864 


Area  of  States  aiul  ierrilories, 
l^aud  .~5urlace. 


Square  Miles. 


Acres. 


9,056 

8,03b 

1,081 

4,794 

47,687 

7,454 

44,679 

1,969 

9,875 

39,925 

48,972 

30,460 

58,a50 


39,898 

9,114 

41,686 

29,894 

262,506 
24,343 
40,723 
45,399 
35,860 
46,383 
56,004 
51,028 
68,431 
52,412 
57,530 
54,801 
55,697 
55,117 

156,203 
79,997 
95,746 
81,848 

109,901 


5,795,840 

5,144.320 

691,840 

3,06b,16U 

oO,519,6fi.O 

4,770,560 

28,594,560 

1,260,160 

6,320,000 

25,552,000 

31,342,080 

19,494,400 

37,664,000 


25,534,720 
5,832,960 
26,679,040 
19,132,160 
168,003,840 
15,579,520 
27,062,720 
29,055,360 
22,950,400 
29,685,120 
35,842,560 
32,657,920 
43,795,840 
33,543,680 
36,819,200 
35,072,640 
35,646,080 
35,274,880 
99,969,920 
51,198,080 
61,277,440 
52,382,720 
70,336,640 


594 


POLITICAL. 


Civil  Divisions. 


Act  Organizing 
TeiTitorv. 


Act  Admitting 
State. 


Area  of  States  and  Territories 
Land  Measure. 


Sq.  Miles 


Acres. 


May  30,  1854. 
Feb.  28,  1861. 


JMebraska 

Colorado    

Wyoming    I  July  25,  1868. 

Washington I  March  2,  1853. 

Montana    May  26,  1854. 

North  Dakota.  .. 
South   Dakota.  . 


March  2,  1861, 
March  2.  1861. 


Idaho   ::\rarch  3,  1863. 


Utah 


Territories. 

New  Mexico 

Arizona   

Dist.  of  Alaska.  .. 

Indian   

Dist.  of  Columbia 
Oklahoma   


Totals. 


Sept.  9,  1850. 


Sept.  9,  1850. 
Feb.  24,  1863. 
July  27,  1868. 


-iFeo.  9,  1867.  . 
5March  3,  1875. 
July  10,  1890.  . 
6Feb.  22,  1889.. 
6Feb.  22,  1889.. 
•>Feb.  22,  1889.  . 
6Feb.  22,  1889.. 
July  3,  1890... 
'July  16,  1894. 


July  16,  1790. 
May  2,  1890.  . 


March  3,  1791. 

8 


76,777 
103,669 
97,552 
66,792 
146,240 
70,172 
76,885 
83,271 
82,096 


122,546 
113,738 
575,162 

30,717 
59 

38,710 


49,137,280 
66,348,160 
62,433,280 
42,746,880 
93,593,600 
44,910,O8u 
49,206,400 
53,293,440 
52,541,440 


78,428,800 
72,792,320 
368,103,680 
19,658,880 
37,760 
24,774,400 


3,547,746  12,270,557,440 


*No  territorial  condition  in  Ohio  Territory.  Act  to  admit  April  30,  1802. 
Admitted  November  29,  1802. 

f No  organic  act.  No  territorial  organization  under  laws  of  United  States. 
Admitted  September  9,  1850. 

iJoint  resolution  by  Congress.  -Date  of  proclamation  admitting  State. 
3See  President's  proclamation,  October  13,  1864  (Stat.  L.,  749).  ^gge  Presi- 
dent's proclamation,  March  1,  1867  (14  Stat.  L.,  820).  ^See  President's  procla- 
mation, August  1,  1876  (19  Stat.  L.,  665).  ^gge  President's  proclamation  (26 
Stat.  L.,  1548  to  1552,  inclusive).  "See  President's  proclamation,  January  4, 
1896  (29  Stat.  L.,  876).    ^See  President's  proclamation  (26  Stat.  L.,  1544). 

XBj  the  terms  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  any  of  the  original 
thirteen  States  were  to  become  States  in  the  Union  upon  the  ratification  of 
that  instrument. 


MISCELLANEOUS.  595 


HISTORICAL. 


Discovery  of  Louisiana.. 

1536. — The  first  mention  of  Louisiana  and  of  the  Mississippi  River 
being  traversed  by  white  men,  is  in  1536,  when  a  remnant  of  the  ill-starred 
exx)edition  of  the  Spaniards,  under  Pamphilo  de  Narvaez,  in  the  vain 
attempt  to  conquer  Florida  and  seek  'for  gold,  escaped  in  this  direction  to 
the  Pacific.  Narvaez  had  been  put  in  comand  of  the  territory  extending 
west  to  the  River  of  Palms — probably  Colorado — farther  west  than  that 
afterwards  included  in  Louisiana. 

1537. — Notwithstanding  the  failure  of  Narvaez,  other  bold  adven- 
turers were  ready  to  follow;  and  in  1537  Ferdinand  de  Soto,  a  native  of 
Xeres,  Spain,  the  favorite  companion  of  Pizarro  in  the  conquest  of  Peru, 
sought  and  obtained  at  Vallodolid,  from  Charles  V.,  permission  to  coji- 
quer  Florida  at  his  own  cost.  Landing  on  that  coast  in  May,  1539,  hie 
well-appointed  army  was  almost  annihilated  before  he  reached  the  Missis- 
sippi two  years  later. 

1542. — DeSoto  died  at  the  mouth  of  the  Red  River,  and,  according  to 
tradition,  was  buried  in  the  waters  of  the  Mississippi.  The  miserable 
remnant  of  his  expedition  descended  the  Mississippi  to  the  Gulf  in  July, 
1543,  after  enduring  great  hardships  and  privations.  Thus  does  the  dis- 
covery of  the  Father  of  Waters  belong  to  the  Spaniards,  and  no  other 
record  is  in  existence  of  white  men  visiting  it  until  one  hundred  and  thirty 
years  afterwards. 

1673. — At  this  date.  Father  Marquette,  a  rhissionary  monk,  and  Sieur 
JolietTTrom  Picardy,  with  a  small  party  from  the  French  possessions  of 
Canada,  entered  the  upper  Mississippi  region  and  descended  it  to  below 
the  mouth  of  the  Arkansas  and  returned. 

French  Take  Possession. 

1682. — April  9th,  Robert,  Cavalier  de  la  Salle,  then  of  Fort  Frontenac, 
Lake  Ontario,  was  the  next  to  descend  the  great  river,  in  company  with 
Chevalier  Henry  de  Tonty,  an  Italian  veteran  officer,  under  the  patronage 
of  Louis  XIV. 

On  the  12th  of  April,  this  year,  LaSalle  erected  a  cross  end 
planted  the  arms  of  the  French  on  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi  near  the 
head  of  the  Passes,  and  thus  took  formal  possession  of  the  country  in  the 
name  of  his  sovereign,  Louis  XIV.,  and  after  him  called  it  Louisiana. 

1687. — March  20th,  LaSalle  was  assassinated  by  his  own  servants,  on 
the  Trinity  River  in  Texas,  in  his  attempt  to  find  the  mouth  of  the  Missis- 
sippi and  to  colonize  the  country  for  France. 


596  miscellaneous. 

Settlement  by  the  French. 

1699. — January — France  did  not  attempt  to  colonize  her  territory 
until  January  of  this  year,  when  a  company  sent  out  under  command  of 
Iberville,  which,  among  its  two  or  three  hundred,  embraced  the  three 
Canadian  brothers,  Iberville,  Sauvolle  and  Bienville,  sons  of  Charles 
Lemoyne,  landed  from  two  brigs  at  the  Indian  village  of  Biloxi,  Miss. 
Here,  for  many  years,  was  the  headquarters  of  the  Louisiana  colony.  In 
February,  Iberville  and  his  brother  Bienville,  with  Father  Athanase,  who 
had  accompanied  LaSalle,  went  in  small  boats  to  the  Mississippi,  which 
they  ascended  to  the  village  of  Bayougoulas,  where  the  Indians  handed 
ihem  letters  and  other  relics  from  LaSalle  and  Tonty,  thence  to  Pointe 
Coupee,  which  'they  named,  and  to  the  mouth  of  the  Red  River.  Return- 
ing they  traversed  Lakes  Maurepas  and  Pontchartrain,  naming  the  one 
after  Count  de  Maurepas,  who  held  office  under  their  sovereign  (and  after- 
wards under  Louis  XV.,  and  was  lastly  minister  under  Louis  XVI.),  and 
the  other  after  the  Count  de  Pou'tehartrain,  who  was  Minister  of  Marine, 
under  whom  they  served.  December  7th  of  this  year,  another  French 
fleet  arrived,  bringing  the  appointments  of  the  brother  Antoine  Lemoyne 
Sauvolle  as  the  first  Governor  of  the  colony,  and  the  brother  Lemoyne 
Bienville  as  the  first  Lieutenant-Governor. 

1701. — July  22d,  Governor  Sauvolle  and  150  of  the  colonists  died  of 
fever,  leaving  Bienville,  a  most  worthy  man,  to  succeed  to  the  governor- 
ship. 

Grant  to  Crozat. 

1712. — September  14th,  Louis  XIV.  granted  to  Anthony  Crozat,  a 
millionaire  in  the  East  India  trade,  the  exclusive  commerce  for  fifteen 
years  of  this  vast  province,  so  unsuccessful  had  the  management  of  the 
colony  hitherto  been.  Lamotte  Cadilac  was  appointed  Governor.  By  the 
charter  of  Crozat,  dated  September  12,  1712,  Louisiana,  as  claimed  by 
France,  embraced  all  the  immense  regions  of  the  United  States,  from  the 
Alleghany  on  the  east,  to  the  Rocky  Mountains  on  the  west,  and  from  the 
great  lakes  of  the  north  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  on  the  south. 

John  Law's  Mississippi  Company. 

1717. — Crozat  surrendered  his  charter  and  John  Law  was  granted  a 
charter  under  the  name  of  the  "  Companie  de  L'Ouest,"  with  a  monopoly 
of  trading  in  the  colony. 

New  Orleans  Founded. 

1718. — Bienville  selected  the  site  and  founded  the  City  of  Nev/ 
Orleans. 

Louisiana  Ceded  to  Spain. 

17(52. — Xovember  3d,  by  secret  treaty,  Louisiana  was  ceded  to  Spain. 
Spaniards  Take  Possession. 

1769. — August  IStli,  the  Spaniards  took  possession.  A  rebellion  hav- 
ing previously  broken  out  was  quelled  by  General  OT?eilly,  who  was 
appointed  Governor  and  Captain-General. 


miscellaneous.  597 

Louisiana  Retroceded  to  France. 

1800. — October  1st,  Louisiana  ceded  by  Spain  to  France  by  the  treaty 
of  St.  Ildephonso. 

France  Cedes  Louisiana  to  the  L'nited  States. 

1803. — April  30th,  Louisiana  was  ceded  by  France  to  the  United 
States  for  $15,000,000. 

United  States  Take  Possession. 

1803. — December  20th,  the  Americans  took  possession  and  the  new 
acquisition  was  designated  as  the  Territory  of  Orleans,  W.  C.  C.  Clai- 
borne being  appointed  Governor. 

1804.— Under  act  of  Congress  of  March  26,  1804,  the  Territory  of 
Orleans  was  organized  and  in  December  the  first  Territorial  Legislatu!"e 
met. 

1805. — The  Territory  was  reorganized  by  act  of  Congress  of  March 
2,  1805. 

Louisiana  Admitted  to  the  Union. 

1812.— On  April  8th  of  .this  year,  the  Constitution  of  1812  having 
been  ratified,  the  Territory  was  admitted  to  the  Union,  and  the  name  of 
Louisiana  restored  to  it.  War  was  declared  between  the  United  States 
and  Great  Britain. 

1815. — January  8th,  the  battle  of  New  Orleans  was  fought,  and 
British  defeated. 

1845. — A  new  Constitution  was  framed,  conforming  to  those  of  the 
neighboring  States. 

1852. — A  new  Constitution  was  adopted. 

1860. — In  November  of  this  year  Abraham  Lincoln  was  elected  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  and  then  began  the  great  sectional  war  between 
the  Northern  and  Southern  States  of  the  Union. 

Secession  of  Louisiana. 

1861. — January  26th,  the  Ordinance  of  Secession  was  adopted  and  the 
State  joined  the  other  States  of  the  South  in  forming  a  government  under 
the  name  of  the  Confederate  States  of  America. 

1862. — On  April  29'th  of  this  year  Commodore  Farragut,  in  connnand 
of  the  Federal  fleet,  having  successfully  passed  Forts  Jackson  and  St. 
Philip,  took  possession  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans.  On  May  1st,  General 
B.  F.  Butler,  in  charge  of  the  land  forces,  took  command  and  appointed 
Brigadier-General  Shepley  Military  Governor  of  the  State. 

1864. — January  11th,  General  N.  P.  Banks,  having  relieved  General 
Butler,  issued  his  proclamation  ordering  an  election  for  a  State  Conven- 
tion to  frame  a  Constitution.  This  convention  made  the  Constitution  of 
1864.  State  ofiicers  were"  elected  and  installed,  but  their  authority  never 
was  recognized  beyond  the  Federal  line.  The  war  ended  with  these  offi- 
cers in  power,  but  Congress  refused  to  admit  Louisiana  to  the  Union. 


598  miscellaneous. 

Keconstruction  Period. 

1868. — ^A  Constitutional  Convention  assembled  in  New  Orleans,  by 
virtue  of  the  Reoonstruotion  Acts  of  Congress,  and  adopted  a  new  Con- 
stitution. Under  this  Constitution  Henry  C.  Warmoth  was  proclaimed 
elected  Governor  of  the  State  and  served  for  the  'term  of  four  years. 

Louisiana  Readmitted  to  the  Union. 

1868. — 'Congress  having  approved  of  the  Constitution  of  1868,  Sena- 
tors and  Representatives  were  admitted  to  seats  in  Congress. 

Louisiana,  like  other  Southern  States,  was  cursed  by  "carpet-bag  rule." 
Henry  C.  Warmoth  and  Willam  P.  Kellogg  governed  the  State  from  1868 
to  1872  and  1872  to  1876,  respectively.  During  the  few  years  succeeding 
the  civil  war  and  1877,  the  taxes  were  increased  outrageously.  The  car- 
pet-baggers, scalawags  and  negroes  plunged  the  State  headlong  into  debt ; 
stole  hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars;  openly  bribed  voters;  debauched 
the  negroes,  of  whom,  some  of  the  most  bestted  and  ignorant,  unable  to 
read  or  write,  were  sent  to  the  General  Assembly  to  make  laws  for  their 
former  masters. 

1874. — September  llth — On  tliis  day  was  struck  the  first  decisive 
blow  to  redeem  the  State  from  negro  Republican  rule,  which  had  disor- 
ganized its  internal  affairs,  plundered  the  Treasury  and  threatened  social 
disruptioii.  The  citizens  of  New  Orleans,  asserting  their  rights  to  bold 
public  meetings  and  bear  arms,  assembled,  as  'the  White  League  Organiza- 
tion, on  the  levee  at  the  head  of  Canal  street,  under  command  of  General 
Fred.  ISr.  Ogden.  The  Republican  government,  with  the  aid  of  the  armed 
Metropolitan  Police,  under  command  of  General  A.  S.  Badger,  endeav- 
ored to  disperse  them,  but  after  a  sharp  and  sanguinary  conflict,  resulting 
in  the  wounding  of  nearly  two  score  and  the  death  of  a  dozen  men,  were 
themselves  routed  and  retreated  to  the  Customhouse  for  safety.  The  result 
was  ithe  overthrow  of  the  Kellogg  Republican  government,  and  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  State  Democratic  government,  with  John  McEnery  as  Gov- 
ernor. The  United  States  Government  intervened,  marched  its  troops  In 
the  Sta'te  House  a  few  days  afterwards,  caused  McEnery  to  surrender,  and 
reinstalled  the  Kellogg  government. 

This  abominal  riff-raff  remained  in  power,  and  this  saturnalin  of 
crime  and  corruption  enntinued  until  1877 — w'hen  they  were  swept  from 
power  and  General  Francs  Tillou  Ncholls,  one  of  Louisiana's  most  chival- 
Tous  S'Ons,  was  installed  as  Governor,  and  the  work  of  redemption  began, 
which,  under  successive  Democratic  rule,  has  brought  the  State  to  its  pres- 
ent high  stage  of  prosperity. 

1870. — A  new  Constitution  adopted  and  new  State  officers  elected, 
with  Louis  Alfred  Wiltz  as  Governor. 

1898. — The  present  Consti'tution  was  adopted  in  1898. 


MISCELLANEOUS.  599 


THE  PROVINCE  OF  LOUISIANA- THE  PURCHASE. 


THE  COST  AND  AREA  OF  THE  LOUISIANA  PURCHASE. 

The  United  States  paid  for  this  cession — 

Principal    sum    $15,000,000  00 

Interest  to  redemption   8,529,353  00 

Total    ,  $23,529i,353  '00 

Claims  of  the  citizens  of  the  United  States  from  France 
under  this  treaty  assumed  by  the  United  States  in 
p^rt  payment  for  the  territory 3,738,268  00 

Total    $27,267,621  00 

AREA. 

Square  Miles. 
State  of  Alabama,  west  of  Perdido  and  on  the  Gulf,  below  lati- 
tude 31°  north,  estimated  to  contain  2,300 

State  of  Mississippi,  west  of  Alabama,  adjoining  Louisiana  on 

the  Gulf,  and  south  31°  north  latitude,  estimated  at 3,600 

State   of   Louisiana    48,720 

State  of  Arkansas    53,850 

State  of  Missouri 69,415 

State  of  Kansas,  all  but  southwest  corner   (estimated) 73,542 

State   of  Iowa    56,025 

State  of  Minnesota,  west  of  Mississippi  river  (estimated) 57,531 

State  of  Nebraska    77,510 

State   of    Colorado,    east    of    Rocky    Mountains,    and   north    of 

Arkansas  river   (estimated)    57,000 

State  of  Oregon   96,030 

State  of  South  Dakota   77,650 

State  of  North  Dakota   70,795 

State   of   Montana    146,080 

State  of  Washington   69,180 

State  of  Idaho    84,800 

State    of   Wyoming 97,890 

Indian    Territory    31,400 

Total  area  acquired *1,239,31S 

(The  areas  above  for  the  divisions  entire  are  taken  from  the  latest 
*This  article  reproduced  by  permission  of  Secretaiy  of  State  of  Missouri. 


MISC!KLLANEOUS.  601 

published  figures  (1900),  and  the  areas  for  fractional  divisions  are  taken 
Irom  "The  Public  Domain,"  published  in  1883  by  the  Government. 
Idaho,  Oregon  and  Washington  are  included  in  above  table,  because  the 
United  States  obtained  possession  of  them  indirectly  through  the  treaty). 

POPULATION. 

The  population  of  the  Louisiana  territory  (including  the  States  of 
Idaho,  Oregon  and  Washington)  in  1810  (seven  years  after  the  purchase), 
was  less  than  100,000;  the  same  area  to-day  contains  13,833,988 — popula- 
tion for  fractional  divisions  being  estimated. 

THE  PUECHASE  OF  LOUISIANA. 

The  beginning  of  Jefferson's  first  term  found  the  country  threatened 
by  the  dangers  and  complications  of  an  international  struggle  across  tho 
water.  Napoleon  was  engaged  with  plans  hostile  to  England.  Prance 
had  obtained  from  Spain  a  secret  cession  to  what  was  known  as  the 
Louisiana  territory.  The  British  Government  was  covetous  of  American 
territory  and  was  interested  in  limiting  the  expansion  of  the  United 
States  to  the  westward.  The  United  States  Government  had  become 
seriously  concerned  over  the  question  of  the  commercial  outlet  to  the 
Gulf.  Spanish  officials  at  New  Orleans  were  imposing  restrictions  which 
materially  hampered  the  commerce  of  the  Valley  and  which  were  tho 
occasion  of  bad  feeling. 

Marbois  was  Napoleon's  Minister  of  the  Public  Treasury.  Napoleon 
needed  money  for  his  war  budget.  But  of  stronger  influence  with  him 
was  a  policy  which  might  cripple  England.  Under  such  conditions, 
President  Jefferson  opened,  through  Mr.  Livingston,  the  American 
Minister  to  France,  negotiations  for  the  purchase  of  so  much  territory  as 
would  control  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi.  The  inspiration  for  this 
diplomacy  was  the  increasing  clamor  of  the  people  in  the  great  Valley 
against  the  interference  with  American  commerce  on  the  river.  To  aid 
Mr.  Livingston,  Mr.  Monroe,  afterwards  President,  was  sent  as  a  special 
Ambassador. 

Napoleon  met  the  negotiations  with  a  counter  proposition.  Accord- 
ing to  Marbois,  who  became  the  historian  of  the  transaction,  Napoleon 
said,  in  a  conversation  on  the  10th  of  April,  1803,  speaking  of  the  pro- 
posed cession,  with  special  reference  to  the  desire  of  the  British:  "They 
shall  not  have  the  Mississippi,  which  they  covet." 

Twenty  days  later  the  treaty  had  been  consumated,  and  the  great 
territory  of  Louisiana  had  been  ceded  to  the  United  States  for  $12,- 
000,000,  and  the  assumption  of  certain  claims  amotmting  to  about 
$3,000,000  more. 

It  was  in  commenting  upon  the  accomplishment  of  the  purchase  that 
Napoleon  remarked :  "This  accession  of  territory  strengthens  forever 
the  power  of  the  United  States." 


•Or  787,403,520  acres. 


602  MISCELLANEOUS. 

The  secret  treaty  of  St.  Ildefonso,  by  which  the  territory  passed  to 
France  from  Spain,  was  made  in  1800.  It  was  known  to  the  Government 
of  the  United  States,  but  the  actual  transfer  from  Spanish  to  French 
authority  had  not  taken  place.  The  trouble  from  which  American  com- 
merce suffered  was  with  the  Spanish  officials  at  New  Orleans.  President 
Jefferson,  however,  knew  that  the  solution  of  the  difficulty  must  come 
through  negotiations  with  France. 

It  is  an  interesting  fact  that  in  1802  there  sailed  out  of  the  Missis- 
sippi 158  American  vessels,  of  21,383  tonnage.  This  was  the  American 
commerce  endangered.  It  was  the  arbitrary  order  issued  on  the  16th  of 
October,  1802,  by  the  Intendant  Morales,  "suspending  the  right  of 
deposit"  at  the  port  of  New  Orleans,  which  created  the  outburst  of  indig- 
nation along  the  Mississippi,  which  prompted  President  Jelferson  to 
enter  upon  the  negotiations  for  the  purchase  of  the  territory. 

According  to  Marbois,  Napoleon  realized  in  some  degree  the  magnifi- 
cent territory  which  he  was  transferring  to  the  United  States,  He 
realized,  however,  that  it  was  impossible  for  him  to  hold  territory 
without  sending  a  fleet  and  a  strong  force.  He  understood,  also,  that  this 
transfer  of  Louisiana  Territory  to  the  United  States  would  be  the 
strongest  blow  he  could  deal  to  England. 

Napoleon  met  the  offer  of  the  United  States  to  purchase  the  mouth 
of  the  river  with  this  answer  to  his  Minister,  Marbois: 

"Irresolution  and  deliberation  are  no  longer  in  season.  1  renounce 
Louisiana.  It  is  not  New  Orleans  only  I  will  cede;  it  is  the  whole 
colony,  without  any  reservation.  I  know  the  price  of  what  I  abandon. 
I  renounce  it  with  the  greatest  regret.  To  attempt  to  retain  it  would  be 
folly." 

The  treaty  of  the  purchase  was  signed  on  April  30,  1803.  Tho 
transfer  at  New  Orleans  took  place  a  few  months  later. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


603 


SUPREME  COURT  OF  LOUISIANA. 


cLt^^<^L.-^ 


Hon.  Thos.  McC  Hyman, 
Clerk  Supreme  Court. 


Jurisdiction. — The  Supreme  Court,,  ex- 
cept in  cases  hereinafter  provided,  has  ap- 
pellate jurisdiction  only  extendingio  all 
cases  where  the  amount  in  disputJ^r  fund 
to  be  distributed,  whatever  may  be  the 
amount  therein  claimed,  exceeds  two  thous- 
and dollars,  exclusive  of  interest,  and  suits 
of    divorce  and  separation    from  bed    and 

board,  and  all  matters  arising  tlierin.  Suits 
involving  alimony  or  for  interdiction,  or 
matters  of  adoption,  emancipation,  legiti- 
macy and  custody  of  children.  Suits  in- 
volvng  the  rights  to  homesteads,  and  all 
cases  where  the  constitutionalty  or  legality 
of  any  tax,  toll,  or  impost  whatever,  or  for 
any  fine,  forfeiture,  or  penalty  imposed  by  a  municipal  corporation, 
shall  be  in  contestation,  whatever  may  be  the  amount  thereof,  and  to  all 
cases  where  in  an  ordinance  of  a  municipal  corporation  or  a  law  of  this 
State  has  been  declared  unconstitutional,  and  in  such  cases  the  appeal  of 
the  law  and  facts  shall  be  directly  from  the  court  where  the  case  origin- 
ated to  the  Supreme  Court;  and  to  criminal  cases  on  questions  of  law 
alone,  whenever  the  punishment  of  death  or  at  hard  labor  may  be 
inflicted  or  a  fine  exceeding  three  hundred  dollars  or  imprisonment 
exceeding  six  months  is  actually  imposed.  It  shall  have  such  original 
jurisdiction  as  may  be  necessary  to  enable  it  to  determine  questions  of 
fact  afi"ecting  its  own  jurisdiction  in  any  case  pending  before  it;  it  has 
exclusive  jurisdiction  in  all  matters  touching  professional  misconduct  of 
members  of  the  bar,  with  power  to  disbar.  The  Supreme  Court  and 
each  of  the  judges  thereof  has  power  to  issue  writs  of  haheas  corpus  in  all 
cases  where  it  may  have  appellate  jurisdiction.  It  has  control  and 
general  supervision  over  all  inferior  courts,  and  power  to  issue  writs  of 
certiorari,  mandamus,  quo  warranto,  and  other  remedial  writs. 

Cbief  Justice,  Francis  T.  Nicholls,  of  New  Orleans;  Associate 
Justices,  Frank  A.  Monroe,  of  New  Orleans;  O.  O.  Provosty,  of  Points 
Coupee;  Newton  C.  Blanchard,  of  Caddo;  and  Joseph  A.  Breaux,  of 
Iberia.  Eeporter,  T.  H.  Thorpe,  of  New  Orleans.  Clerk,  Thomas  McC. 
Hyman,  of  New  Orleans.  Attorney  General,  Walter  Guion,  of  Ascen- 
sion. 

Regular  Terms — New  Orleans,  from  1st  Monday  in  November  to 
end  of  June. 


604  MISCELLANEOUS. 

APPEALS    RETURNABLE    TO    THE    SUPREME    COURT. 

At  New  Orleans,  1st  and  3rd  Monday  of  each  month  of  the  session, 
1st  Monday  in  November  till  the  end  of  the  month  of  Jime,  from 
Orleans,  Jefferson,  St.  Bernard,  Plaquemines;  and  on  3rd  Monday  in 
January,  from  St.  Charles,  St.  John  the  Baptist. 

Appeals  from  Caddo,  Bossier,  Webster,  Bienville,  Claiborne,  Union, 
Lincoln,  Jackson,  Caldwell,  Ouachita,  Morehouse,  Richland,  Franklin, 
West  Carroll,  East  Carroll,  Madison,  Tensas,  Concordia  and  Catahoula, 
are  returnable  on  the  2nd  Mondays  in  May  and  December  of  each  year. 

Appeals  from  DeSoto,  Red  River,  Winn,  Grant,  Natchitoches, 
Sabine,  Vernon,  Calcasieu,  Cameron,  Rapides,  Avoyelles,  Pointe  Coupee, 
West  Baton  Rouge,  Iberville,  St.  Landry,  Lafayette,  Acadia  and  Ver- 
milion, are  returnable  on  the  2nd  Mondays  in  January,  April  and 
November  of  each  year. 

Appeals  from  St.  Martin,  Iberia,  Terrebonne,  Lafourche,  Assump- 
tion, St.  James,  Ascension,  East  Baton  Rouge,  East  Feliciana,  West 
Feliciana,  St.  Helena,  Livingston,  Tangipahoa,  St.  Tammany  and 
Washington,  are  returnable  on  the  4th  Mondays  in  March  and  November 
of  each  year. 

Appeals  from  St.  Mary  are  returnable  on  the  4th  Mondays  of 
January,  March,  June  and  November  of  each  year. 

Appeals  Tried  by  Preference  Summarily — Cases  for  divorce  and 
separation,  recovery  of  wages,  salary,  or  compensation  for  personal  or 
professional  services,  for  payment  of  any  bill,  note,  or  other  written 
unconditional  obligation  to  pay  money,  all  criminal  cases,  civil  cases  in 
which  the  State  is  a  party,  constitutionality  or  legality  of  any  tax,  or 
where  its  collection  is  delayed.  Where  right  to  public  office  is  involved, 
involving  distribution  of  money  or  property  in  hands  of  executors  and 
other  representatives  of  successions,  or  in  hands  of  sheriff,  public  officers, 
receivers  and  garnishees,  involving  validity  of  wills,  or  where  heirs 
claim  to  be  put  in  possession  of  property,  for  expulsion  of  tenants,  for 
payment  of  alimony,  and  from  judgments  upon  awards  of  arbitrators, 
amicable  compounders,  or  referees,  and  from  judgments  against  sureties 
upon  judicial  bonds  and  injunction  cases. 

Cases  Truble  During  Vacation — Writs  of  certiorari,  prohibition. 
mandamus,  quo  warranto,  and  questions  certified  from  courts  of  appeal. 

DISTRICT  COURTS. 

The  District  Courts,  outside  of  the  Parish  of  Orleans,  have  original 
jurisdiction  in  all  civil  matters  where  the  amount  in  dispute  shall 
exceed  fifty  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest,  and  in  all  cases  where  the  title 
to  real  estate  is  involved,  or  to  office,  or  other  public  position  or  civil  or 
political  rights,  and  all  other  cases  where  no  other  specific  amount  is  in 
contest,  except  as  otherwise  provided.  They  have  unlimited  and  exclu- 
sive jurisdiction  in  all  criminal  cases,  except  as  otherwise  vested,  and  in 
all  probate  and  succession  matters,  and  where  a  succession  is  a  party 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


605 


defendant,  and  in  all  cases  where  the  State,  parish,  or  municipality  or 
other  political  corporation  is  a  party  defendant,  regardless  of  the  amount 
in  dispute;  to  all  proceedings  for  the  appointment  of  receivers  and 
liquidators  of  corporations  or  partnerships.  They  have  jurisdiction  of 
appeals  from  justices  of  the  peace  in  all  civil  matters,  regardless  of  the 
amount  in  dispute,  and  from  all  orders  requiring  a  peace  bond.  Persons 
sentenced  by  Mayors  or  Eecorders  shall  be  entitled  to  an  appeal  to  the 
District  Court.  District  judges  have  power  to  issue  writs  of  haheM 
corpus  to  all  persons  in  actual  custody,  in  their  respective  districts. 
Cases  in  which  punishment  may  not  be  at  hard  labor  shall  be  tried  by 
judge  without  jury.  Cases  where  punishment  may  be  at  hard  labor, 
may  be  tried  by  jury  of  five.  Cases  in  which  punishment  is  necessarily 
at  hard  labor,  by  jury  of  twelve,  nine  of  whom  must  concur.  Cases  of 
which  punishment  may  be  capital,  by  a  jury  of  twelve,  all  of  whom  must 
concur. 

Terms  for  Holding  District  Courts  in  1901-1902,  Fixed  by  Rule  of 

Court. 
Under  the  Constitution  of  1898,  these  courts  are  required  to  hold 
continuous  session.s  during  ten  months  of  the  year. 


Parish. 


Acadia    

Ascension     . . . 

Assumption 

AToyelles 

Baton  Rouge 
East 

Bienville 

Baton  Ronge 
West 

Bossier 

Caddo 

Calcasieu 

Caldwell 

Cameron 

Carroll,    East. 

Carroll,    West. 


Parish  Seat. 


Crowley    

Donaldsonvllle 


Napoleonyllle  . . 
MarksTllIe  .... 
Baton    Rouge. . . 

Arcadia    

Port    Atllen 

Benton     

Shreveport     .  . . . 

Lake    Charles.  .  . 

Columbia    

Cameron    

Lake  Providence 

Floyd    


Dlst. 


18th 
27th 


20th 
14th 
22nd 

3rd 

21st 

2nd 

1st. 

15th 

5th 

15th 
J)th 

7th 


Jury  Term. 


Not   fixed. 

Second  Monday  in 
February  and 
August. 

Third  Monday  In 
January  and 
July. 

First  Monday  In 
September  and 
March. 

First  Monday  In 
January,  April, 
July  and  Octo- 
ber. 

First  Monday  In 
September  and 
March. 

First  Monday  In 
March  and  Sep- 
tember. 

Fourth  Monday  in 
January  and 
June. 


First  Tuesday  In 
February  and 
September. 

Fourth  Monday  In 
January  and 
July. 

Tliird  Tuesday  In 
June. 

First  Monday  In 
January  and 
July. 

First     Monday     In 

,  March  and  Sep- 
tember. 


Court  Term. 


Not  fixed. 

Second  Monday  In  June  and 

April,  and  third  Monday 

In  December. 
Fourth  Monday  In  Norein- 

her,  March  and  May. 

Ten    months    In    the    year, 

from    September    1st    to 

June   30th. 
Continuous  term  from  first 

Monday     In     October    to 

July  31st. 

First    Monday    In    October, 
;      November,    January    and 

May. 
First   Monday   In    January, 

fourth    Monday    In   May, 

first  Monday  In  Nov. 
Fourth     Monday     In    April 

and  September,  second 
I  Monday  in  March  and  Nov. 
Continuous     session     from 

first  Monday   In   Septem- 

bpr  until  June  30th  each 

year. 
Continuous    session    In    the 

three    parishes    for    ten 

months  in  the  year. 
Second    Monday    In    April 

and  November. 

First  Tuesday  In  December. 

First   Monday  each   month 
except  August  and  Sept. 

First   Monday   In   January, 
May,  November. 


606 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


Parish. 


Catahoula    

Claiborne 

Corcordla 

De  Soto 

Feliciana   East.  . 

Feliciana,    West. 
Frrnklln 

Grant ^ 

Iberville 

IBe  la 

.Tac  ?9on 

Jeleraon 

Lafayette 


Lal'>urche. 


Parish  Seat. 


Harrisonburg   .  ., 

Homer    

Vldalla    

Mansfield    

Clinton    

St.    Franclsvllle. 
Winnsborough . . 


Dist. 


Colfax 

Plaquemlne    . 


New  Iberia 
Vernon  .  . 
Gretna    .  .  . 

Lafayette    . 


Thlbodeaux 


Lincoln. 


Ruston 


Llv  igston Snrlngvllle 

Malison Tallulah 

Mo  -ehouse Tiastrop    .  . 


Nai.chltoches .  . . .  Natchitoches    . 


Orlfans n>w    Orleans.  .. 

Ou(  chita Monroe     


PUqnemlne Point  a-la-hache 


8  th 

3rd 

lOtb 

12th 

24th 


24th 
8th 


13th 

2l8t 


19th 
5th 

28th 


18th 


Jury  Term. 


20th 


4  th 


25tb 
9th 

«th 


11th 


6th 


22nd 


First  Monday  In 
Oct.  and  April. 

First  Monday  in 
April  and  Octo- 
ber. 

Third  Monday  In 
Oct.  and  April. 


Court  Term. 


Fourth  Monday  in 
January,  first 
Monday  In  Aug- 
ust. 

First  Monday  in 
March  and  Sep- 
tember. 


First  Monday  in  every  other 
month  from  October  to 
June. 


Third  Monday  in  October, 
November,  December, Jan- 

j     uary,    February,    March, 

j     April,  May,  June,  July. 

Seccind  Monday  In  April, 
and  first  Monday  in  Oc- 
tobgr. 

First  Monday  in  January, 
May  and  November. 


First  Monday  in 
March  and  Sep- 
tember. 

First  Monday  in 
April  and  Octo- 
ber. 

Fourth   Monday  in 
March  and  Sep 
tembec 


First  Monday  in  January, 
May  and  November. 

First  Monday  in  February, 
June  and  November. 

Fourth  Monday  In  January, 
second  Monday  In  May, 
fourth  Monday  in  Nov. 


First     Monday     in  [Second  Monday  in  January, 
April.  2nd  Mon-      fourth  Monday  In  June, 
day    In    Decem- 
ber. 

b  irst  Monday  In  February, 
fourth  Monday  In  March, 
fiK,st     Monday     In     May, 
fourth   Monday   in   June, 
fifth   Monday  In   Septem- 
ber,   second    Monday    in 
NQvember,       and       third 
Monday  In  December. 
Second  Monday  in  First    Monday    In    January, 
March  and  Sep-,      February.    June   and   De- 
tember.  cembcr,  fourth  Monday  In 

April  and  October. 


When     Judge     or- 
ders- 


January  and  July. 

Second  Monday  in 
April.  1st  Mon- 
day In  October. 


First  Monday  in 
.Tune  and  De- 
cember. 

F-^urth  Afonday  in 
April.  iiTd  Mon- 
day in  October. 


First  Monday  in 
April.  3  weeks, 
and  1  st  Monday 
In  October,  3 
weekn. 


Ccntinuriiis  session  for  ten 
months.  All  except  June 
and    July. 

All  n^onths  except  August 
and    September 

First  Monday  In  January, 
second  Monday  in  Feb- 
ruary, first  Monday  in 
^'.T-'h.  third  Monday  in 
May.  first  Monday  in 
.spptembfr.  second  Mon- 
day In   November 

Open  at  any  time  under  the 
new   law. 

Third  Mondav  In  Novem- 
ber and  March,  fourth 
Afondav  In  .Tanuary  and 
p'ch'-u.Try,  third  Monday 
in    .Tnne. 

First  Monday  In  January, 
May,  June  and  Novem- 
ber, three  weeks  each ; 
first  Monday  in  Febru- 
ary March.  September 
and  December,  two  weeks 
each. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


607 


Parish. 


Parish  Seat. 


Dist. 


Bipldes. .. 
Eer  River. 


Rl  bland. 


SaV'.ne. 


Alexandria 
Ccushatta 


RayviUe 
Many    .  . 


Bernard St.   Bernard 


St.    Charles. 
St.    Helena. 


HahnvUle    . 
Greensburg 


St. 


James Convent 


St.  John  Baptist 

8 :.    Landry 

8;.    Martin 


Edgard     

Opelousaa 

St.   Martinsville. 


Bt.    Mary Franklin 


St.  Tammany. 


Tangipahoa. 


Tensas 

Terrebonne . 


Covington    . 

Amite    City. 

St.    Jmeph.  . 
Houma   .... 


Union JFarmerTlIIe 


Vermilion . 


Abbeville 


Vernon . 


Leesvllle 


Washington Frankllnton 


Webster Mlnden 


Winn Wlnnfl«lrt .  . 


Jury  Term. 


13th 
llt^ 

7th 

12th 

29th 


28tb 
25th 


27th 

28th 
11th 
19th 

23d 

26th 

25th 

10th 
20th 

4th 
17th 

12th 

26th 

2nd 
5th 


Court  Term. 


First    Monday     in 
Jan.   and  July. 

First     Fonday     in 
February       and 
October. 
First     Monday    in 
March  and  third 
Mon.  in  Sept. 
Third    Monday    in 
March  and  Sep 
tember. 


First   Monday  in   January, 

March  and  July. 
First  Monday  In  February, 

March,  April,  May,  June, 

Oct.,   Nov.  and  Dec. 
First      Monday      in      April, 

June  and  December. 

First  Monday  In  May,  sec- 
ond Monday  in  Decem- 
ber. 

Third  Monday  in  February, 
and  L»ecember  and  fourtli 
Monday  In  January, 
April,  May,  June,  Octo- 
ber and  November. 


First     Monday     in 
June   and   Nov. 


Fourth  Monday  in  First   Monday   In   May   and 
September,     4th;      December. 
Monday   in  Feb- 
ruary. 
First     Monday     In  First   Monday    in    January, 
November      and      March  and  July. 
May. 

■     First     Monday    in     March, 
third  Monday  in  July. 
In  session   for  ten  months. 
j      No   fixed   terms. 
First     Monday     in  First  Monday  in  November 
Jan.  and  March.       and   September. 
At  discretion  of 
the  Judge. 

(.ontlnuous      ten      months. 
Txfij      months'     vacation 
fixed  by  Judge  (generally 
August   and    September). 
Second    Monday   in    Decem- 
ber,   fourth    Monday    in 
Januaxy   and   April,    and 
third  Monday  in  June. 
First    Monday     In  Third     Monday    In     March- 
Jan.  and  fourth!     and  October. 
Mi^ndav  In  May.  I 
First     Monday     InContinuous    from    Oct.    Ist 

May    and    Nov.         to  July  1st. 
First      Mondav    In  Third  Monday  In  February, 
April  and  Oeto-      second   Monday   in   June. 
ber.  I     third  Monday  In  Novem- 

ber and  December. 
Continuous   sir       IContlnuous      ten      months. 
months.  '      Vacation   June  and  July. 

Second   Monday   In  Will   be   in   continuous  ses- 
Oct.    and    April       slon    from    second    Mon- 


Second  Monday  In  '< 
Oct.  and  March 


of  each  year. 


day    in    September    until 
the    Saturday   before   the 
second  Monday  of  July. 
Fourth  Mondav  in  Third   Monday  in  May  and 
March  and  Aug.      fourth    Monday    in     No- 
!     vember. 
Fourth  Monday  in  Third  Monday  in  December, 
Nov.  and  March       second    Monday    in    Feb- 
ruary     and      May.      first 
Monday  In  July. 
First  Monday  in  April  and 
September,       and       third 
Monday  In  February  and 
October. 
First  Monday  In  November, 
Ma*- 'h  and  June. 


First     Monday    in 
Dec    and  June. 


Third    Monday    In 
Julv  and  Jan. 


608  MISCELLANEOUS. 

TERMS   FOR  HOLDING   CIRCUIT   COURTS   OF  APPEAL   IN 

1901-1902. 

FmsT  Circuit — Caddo,  1st  Mondays  in  January  and  June.  Bossier, 
3rd  Mondays  in  January  and  June.  Webster,  1st  Mondays  in  February 
and  July.  Bienville,  2nd  Mondays  in  February  and  July.  Claiborne, 
3rd  Mondays  in  Februai-y  and  July.  Union,  1st  Mondays  in  March  and 
October.  Lincoln,  2nd  Mondays  in  March  and  October.  Jackson,  3rd 
Mondays  in  March  and  October.  Caldwell,  4th  Mondays  in  March  and 
October.  Winn,  1st  Mondays  in  April  and  November.  Natchitoches, 
2nd  Mondays  in  April  and  November.  Sabine,  4th  Mondays  in  April  and 
November.  DeSoto,  1st  Mondays  in  May  and  December.  Red  River, 
8rd  Mondays  in  May  and  December. 

Second  Circuit — Ouachita,  2nd  Monday  in  January  and  3rd  Monday 
in  May.  Richland,  4th  Monday  in  January  and  1st  Monday  in  June. 
Franklin,  2nd  Monday  in  February  and  2nd  Monday  in  June.  Cata- 
houla, 2nd  Monday  in  February  and  3rd  Monday  in  June.  Concordia, 
4th  Monday  in  February  and  4th  Monday  in  September.  Tensas,  2nd 
Mondays  in  March  and  October.  Madison,  4th  Mondays  in  March  and 
October.  East  Carroll,  2nd  Mondays  in  April  and  November.  West 
Carroll,  4th  Mondays  in  April  and  November.  Morehouse,  1st  Mondays 
in  May  and  December. 

Third  Circuit — St.  Landry,  1st  Tuesdays  in  January  and  June. 
Avoyelles,  3rd  Tuesdays  in  January  and  June.  Rapides,  1st  Tuesdays  in 
February  and  July.  Cameron,  3rd  Tuesdays  in  February  and  July. 
Calcasieu,  1st  Tuesday  in  March  and  2nd  Tuesday  in  October.  Ver- 
milion, 3rd  Tuesday  in  March  and  3rd  Tuesday  in  October.  Lafayette, 
4th  Tuesday  in  March  and  1st  Tuesday  in  November.  Iberia,  2nd 
Tuesday  in  April  and  2nd  Tuesday  in  November.  St.  Martin,  4th 
Tuesday  in  April  and  4th  Tuesday  in  November.  Acadia,  3rd  Mondays 
in  May  and  December.  Grant,  1st  Tuesdays  in  May  and  December. 
Vernon,  3rd  Tuesdays  in  May  and  December. 

Fourth  Circuit — East  Baton  Rouge,  1st  Mondays  in  January  and 
June.  West  Baton  Rouge,  4th  Mondays  in  January  and  June.  Livings- 
ton, 1st  Monday  in  February  and  4th  Monday  in  May.  Tangipahoa,  2nd 
Mondays  in  February  and  July.  St.  Tammany,  4th  Monday  in  February 
and  1st  Monday  in  July.  Washington,  1st  Mondays  in  March  and 
October.  St.  Helena,  2nd  Mondays  in  March  and  October.  East  Feli- 
ciana, 4th  Mondays  in  March  and  October.  West  Feliciana,  2nd  Mondays 
in  April  and  November.  Pointe  Coupee,  4th  Mondays  in  April  and 
November.    Iberville,  2nd  Mondays  in  May  and  December. 

Fifth  Circuit — St.  Mary,  1st  Mondays  in  January  and  May.  Ter- 
rebonne, 3rd  Mondays  in  January  and  May.  Assumption,  1st  Mondays 
in  February  and  June.  Lafourche,  3rd  Mondays  in  February  and  June. 
St.  Charles,  1st  Mondays  in  March  and  October.  St.  Bernard,  2nd 
Mondays  in  March  and  October.  Plaquemines,  3rd  Mondays  in  March 
and  October.  St  John  the  Baptist,  4th  Mondays  in  March  and  October. 
St.  James,  1st  Mondays  in  April  and  November.     Ascension,  2nd  Mon- 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


609 


days  in  April  and  November.     Jefferson,  4th  Mondays   in  April  and 
November. 

COUKTS  OF  APPEALS  IN  COUNTRY  PARISHES. 

Courts  of  Appeals  (outside  of  the  Parish  of  Orleans)  except  as 
hereinafter  mentioned,  have  appellate  jurisdiction  only,  extending  to  all 
cases,  civil  or  probate,  when  the  matter  in  dispute,  or  the  funds  to  be 
distributed,  exceeds  one  hundred  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest,  and  does 
not  exceed  two  thousand  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest.  Judges  of  the 
courts  of  appeals  have  power  to  issue  writs  of  habeas  corpus  at  the 
instance  of  all  persons  in  actual  custody,  within  their  respective  circuits. 
They  have  authority  to  issue  writs  of  mandamus,  prohibition,  and  certi- 
orari, in  aid  of  their  appellate  jurisdiction,  to  certify  to  the  Supreme 
Court  any  question  or  proposition  of  law  on  which  they  desire  instruc- 
tion. 

JUSTICES  OF  THE  PEACE  IN  COUNTRY  PARISHES. 

In  each  parish  (except  Orleans)  justices  of  the  peace  shall  ha^e 
exclusive  original  jurisdiction  in  all  civil  matters,  when  the  amount  in 
dispute  does  not  exceed  fifty  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest,  and  original 
concurrent  jurisdiction  with  the  District  Court,  when  the  amount  in 
dispute  shall  exceed  fifty  dollars  exclusive  of  interest,  and  shall  not 
exceed  one  hundred  dollars  exclusive  of  interest.  It  shall  have  jurisdic- 
tion over  all  suits  for  the  ownership  or  possession  of  movable  property, 
not  exceeding  said  amounts  in  value,  and  suits  by  landlords  for  permis- 
sion of  premises,  when  the  monthly  or  yearly  rent,  or  the  rent  for  the 
unexpired  term  of  the  lease  does  not  exceed  said  amounts.  They  have 
criminal  jurisdiction  as  committing  magistrates,  and  shall  have  power 
to  bail  in  cases  not  capital  nor  necessarily  punishable  with  hard  labor. 

DISTRICT  COURTS  IN  NEW  ORLEANS. 

The  Civil  District  Court  in  the  Parish  of  Orleans  is  composed  of  five 
judges,  and  has  original  probate  and  civil  jurisdiction  in  all  cases  where 
the  amount  in  dispute,  or  the  fund  to  be  distributed,  exceeds  one  hundred 
dollars,  exclusive  of  interest,  and  in  suits  by  married  women  for  separa- 
tion of  property;  in  suits  of  divorce  or  separation  from  bed  and  board, 
the  nullity  of  marriage,  or  for  interdiction,  and  in  suits  involving  the 
title  to  immovable  property,  or  to  office,  of  civil  or  political  rights,  and 
in  all  cases,  except  as  otherwise  provided,  where  no  specific  amount  is  in 
contest,  and  appointment  of  receivers  or  liquidators  of  corporations  or 
partnerships;  and  appellate  jurisdiction  from  the  city  courts  in  the 
Parish  of  Orleans.  The  Civil  District  Court  is  open  for  all  purposes 
from  the  second  Monday  of  October  to  June  30th  in  each  year,  except 
holidays,  and  open  all  the  year  for  probate,  partition,  and  insolvency 
proceedings,  granting  of  writs,  orders,  etc.    District  judges  have  authority 


610  MISCELLANEOUS. 

to  grant,  at  chambers,  interlocutory  orders,  and  conservatory  writs,  and 
executory  process,  homologating  accounts,  when  not  opposed;  to  order 
family  meetings  and  homologate  tiie  proceedings,  to  issue  probate  orders, 
etc.,  and  generally  all  orders  relating  to  the  settlement  of  successions, 
and  the  administration  of  tutor?. 

The  Criminal  District  Court  in  the  Parish  of  Orleans  is  composed 
of  two  judges,  and  has  criminal  jurisdiction  only.  The  Criminal  Court 
is  open  during  the  whole  year. 

COURT  OF  APPEALS  FOR  THE  PARISH  OF  ORIGANS. 

The  court  has  exclusive  appellate  jurisdiction  in  all  mattens,  civil  or 
probate,  arising  in  said  parish,  when  the  amount  in  dispute,  or  fund  to  be 
distributed,  does  not  exceed  two  thousand  dollars,  exclusive  of  intrrest. 
It  has  authority  to  issue  writs  oi  mandamus,  prohibition,  certiorari,  and 
habeas  corpus  in  aid  of  its  appellate  jurisdiction.  It  is  open  from  the 
second  Monday  in  October  to  the  last  of  June.  All  appeals  are  return- 
able on  the  second  and  fourth  Monday  of  each  month  during  the  term. 

CITY  CIVIL  COURTS  OF  NEW  ORLEANS. 

There  are  two  Civil  Courts  in  New  Orleans.  They  have  exclusive 
original  jurisdiction  if  the  amount  in  dispute  does  not  exceed  one 
hundred  dollars,  exclusive  of  interest,  including  suits  for  the  ownership 
of  immovable  property,  not  exceeding  the  amount  in  value.  Suits  by 
landlords  for  possession  of  leased  premises,  or  for  rent  for  the  unex- 
pired term  of  the  lease  when  it  does  not  exceed  that  amount,  subject  to 
appeal  in  all  cases  to  the  Court  of  Appeals,  New  Orleans.  All  appeals  are 
tried  de  novo.  The  judges  of  said  court  shall  have  authority  to  issue 
marriage  licenses,  and  celebrate  marriage  and  execute  commissions  to 
take  testimony.     They  are  open  the  whole  year. 

CITY  CRIMINAL  COURTS. 

There  are  two  Criminal  City  Courts  in  New  Orleans.  They  havo 
jurisdiction  for  the  trial  and  punislmient,  subject  to  appeal  to  the 
Criminal  District  Court,  of  all  offenses  against  the  State,  where  the 
penalty  does  not  exceed  six  months  imprisonment,  or  a  fine  of  three 
hundred  dollars,  or  both.  The  judges  of  these  courts  have  jurisdiction  as 
committing  magistrates  with  authority  to  bail  and  discharge. 


MISCELLANEOUS.  611 


KULES  GOVERNING  APPLICATIONS  FOR 
PARDONS,  ETC. 

Baton  Kouge,  La.,  July  3d,  1894. 

In  order  that  we  may  act  with  a  full  understanding  of  the  merits  of 
all  applications  for  executive  clemency,  and  that  ample  opportunity  may 
be  given  for  the  expression  of  the  opinions  and  wishes  of  the  individuals 
and  communities  interested,  we  have  adopted  the  following  rules  for  our 
guidance  in  the  discharge  of  the  duties  imposed  upon  us  by  Article  69  of 
the  Constitution.  The  cordial  co-operation  of  the  several  judges  through- 
out the  State  is  earnestly  solicited. 

1.  All  applications  for  pardon,  commutation  of  sentence,  or  remis- 
sion of  fines  or  forfeitures,  must  be  embodied  in  a  petition  setting  forth 
the  offense  for  which  the  applicant  was  convicted,  the  day  of  his  convic- 
tion, the  sentence  and  its  date,  and  the  reasons,  considerations  and  facts 
upon  which  the  application  is  based;  and  must  be  accompanied  by  a 
certified  copy  of  the  indictment,  verdict  and  sentence. 

2.  Notice  of  the  application  must  be  given  by  ten  days  publication 
in  a  newspaper  in  the  parish  where  the  offense  is  alleged  to  have  been 
committed. 

3.  Whenever  the  application  is  based  upon  material  facts  affecting 
the  guilt  or  innocence  of  the  applicant,  sworn  proof  of  such  facts  musi 
accompany  the  application. 

4.  The  application  must  be  first  presented  to  the  presiding  judge, 
who  is  requested  to  endorse  his  recommendation,  or  refusal  to  recommend, 
upon  the  petition,  together  with  a  full  statement  of  the  reasons  and  con- 
siderations which  prompt  him  to  give  or  withhold  his  recommendation, 
and  a  statement  of  the  facts  affecting  the  merits  of  the  application,  to  the 
best  of  his  understanding  thereof. 

5.  Persons  opposing  a  pardon,  commutation,  or  remission,  must  file 
a  written  protest,  setting  forth  the  facts  upon  which  they  base  their 
opposition,  supported  by  written  proof. 

6.  All  persons  are  requested  to  give  us  information  as  to  all  appli- 
cations for  executive  clemency,  in  order  that  we  may  not  be  compelled  to 
act  on  insufficient  and  one-sided  information  in  the  performance  of  the 
disagreeable  duty  of  passing  upon  them. 

R.  H.  Snyder, 

Lieutenant  Governor. 

M.   J.   Cunningham, 
Attorney  General. 


612  MISCELLANEOUS. 


RULES  RELATIVE  TO  EXTRADITION. 

Established  by  the  Governor  in  issuing  extradition  warrants  upon 
the  requisitions  of  Governors  of  other  States  and  Territories,  and  the 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  for  the 
apprehension  and  rendition  of  fugitives  from  justice. 

UNITED  STATES  STATUTES  AT  LARGE. 

Section  5278.  Whenever  the  executive  authority  of  any  State  or 
Territory  demands  any  person  as  a  fugitive  from  justice,  of  the  executive 
authority  of  any  State  or  Territory  to  which  such  person  has  fled,  and 
produces  a  copy  of  an  indictment  found,  or  an  affidavit  made  before  a 
magistrate  of  any  State  or  Territory,  charging  the  person  demanded  with 
having  committed  treason,  felony  or  other  crime,  certified  as  authentic 
by  the  Governor  or  chief  magistrate  of  the  State  or  Territory  from 
whence  the  person  so  charged  has  fled,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  execu- 
tive authority  of  the  State  or  Territory  to  which  such  person  has  fled,  to 
cause  him  to  be  arrested  and  secured,  and  to  cause  notice  of  the  arrest  to 
be  given  to  the  executive  authority  making  such  demand,  or  to  the  agent 
of  such  authority  appointed  to  receive  the  fugitive,  and  to  cause  the 
fugitive  to  be  delivered  to  such  agent  when  he  shall  appear.  If  no  such 
agent  appears  within  six  months  from  the  time  of  the  arrest,  the  prisoner 
may  be  discharged.  All  costs  or  expenses  incurred  in  apprehending, 
securing  and  transmitting  such  fugitive  to  the  State  or  Territory  making 
such  demand,  shall  be  paid  by  such  State  or  Territory. 


EEVISED  STATUTES  OF  LOUISIANA. 

Section  1038.  When  any  person  shall  be  charged  on  oath,  of  any 
credible  person,  before  any  judge  or  justice  of  the  peace  of  this  State  of 
having  committed  any  crime  within  any  State  or  Territory  of  the 
United  States,  and  has  fled  from  justice,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  such 
judge  or  justice  to  issue  his  warrant  for  the  arrest  of  such  accused,  and 
to  proceed  to  the  examination  of  such  case,  and  commit  or  discharge  the 
accused,  as  such  judge  or  justice  may  determine,  provided  no  person  so 
accused  shall  be  detained  in  custody  exceeding  ninety  days. 

Sec.  1039.  The  Governor  may,  in  his  discretion,  deliver  over  to 
justice  any  person  found  within  the  State,  who  shall  be  charged  with 
having  committed  any  crime  under  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  the 
United  States  or  any  State  or  Territory. 

Sec.  10-40.  Such  delivery  shall  only  be  made  on  the  requisition  of 
the  duly  authorized,  ministers  or  officers  of  the  government  within  the 
jurisdiction  of  which  the  crime  shall  be  charged  to  have  been  committed. 


MISCELLANEOUS.  613 

and  upon  their  paying  all  expenses  attending  the  apprehension,  confine- 
ment and  delivery  of  the  party  accused. 

Sec.  1041.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Governor  to  require  such 
evidence  of  the  guilt  of  the  person  so  charged,  as  would  be  necessary  to 
justify  his  apprehension  and  commitment  for  trial,  had  the  crime  charged 
been  committed  within  the  State. 

Rule  1.  The  requisition  should  be  accompanied  by  a  certified  copy 
of  the  indictment  or  affidavit  and  copies  of  all  papers  which  were  pre- 
sented to  the  executive  authority  of  the  State  or  Territory  from  which 
the  requisition  came.  All  papers  should  be  certified  by  the  Governor 
making  the  requisition  to  be  authentic. 

2.  When  the  requisition  is  founded  upon  an  affidavit,  it  is  required 
that  the  facts  constituting  the  offense  be  set  forth  in  full,  and  as  par- 
ticularly as  in  an  indictment. 

3.  In  case  of  false  pretenses,  embezzlement  and  other  si  miliar 
crimes,  it  should  be  stated  by  the  prosecution,  under  oath,  that  the 
application  is  not  made  for  the  purpose  of  collecting  a  debt,  nor  for  any 
private  purpose  whatever;  that  the  only  object  is  to  punish  the  criminal 
and  that  they  will  not  use  him  for  the  purpose  of  enforcing  a  civil 
remedy. 

4.  Proof  by  affidavit  is  required  satisfying  the  executive  that  the 
alleged  criminal  is  a  fugitive  from  justice  and  that  the  ends  of  justice 
require  a  criminal  prosecution  for  the  protection  of  the  public. 

5.  If  the  offense  is  not  of  recent  occurrence,  good  reasons  must  be 
given  for  the  delay  in  causing  the  arrest. 

6.  If  the  charge  is  forgery,  an  affidavit  of  the  person  whose  name  is 
alleged  to  have  been  forged  must  be  produced,  or  its  absence  satisfactorily 
explained. 

7.  Proof  under  oath  is  required,  that  the  fugitive  is  believed  to 
have  taken  refuge  in  Louisiana,  with  statement  of  reason  why  such 
information  is  not  verified  by  the  person  or  persons  possessing  it. 

8.  It  should  affirmatively  appear  by  the  requisition  that  the  offense 
charged  is  a  crime  in  violation  of  the  laws  of  the  State  or  Territoiy 
invoking  the  demand. 

The  constitutional  right  to  demand  and  duty  to  grant  extradition  of 
fugitives  from  criminal  justice  should  not  be  impaired  or  abridged;  nor, 
,  on  the  other  hand,  should  it  be  perverted,  distorted  or  abused.  It  is  not 
the  adjunct  of  civil  process  nor  an  aid  in  the  prosecution  of  civil 
remedies,  nor  an  agency  to  the  collection  of  debts,  nor  a  means  for  the 
enforcement  of  settlement  under  pressure  of  criminal  prosecution.  When 
extradition  is  invoked  for  private  ends,  to  collect  debts,  to  secure  for- 
feiture of  civil  bonds,  to  recover  civil  damages,  to  bring  absent  persons 
within  the  jurisdiction  of  civil  courts,  all  under  false  charges  of  embez- 
zlement, or  of  fraudulent  transfers,  or  of  selling  mortgaged  property,  or 
of  obtaining  property  under  false  pretenses,  and  the  like,  it  is  an  abuse 
of  this  great  adjunct  of  remedial  justice. 


614  MISCELLANEOUS. 


TEADE-MARKS,  LABELS,  ETC. 

^.ct  No.  49  of  1898.) 

AN  ACT. 

To  protect  labels,  trade-marks,  terms,  designs,  devices  or  forms  of  adver- 
tisement, and  to  provide  a  penalty  for  violation  thereof. 

Section  1.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of 
LouisuLna,  \\  henever  any  person,  or  any  association  or  union  of  workmen, 
lias  heretofore  adopted  or  used  or  shall  hereafter  adopt  or  use  any  label, 
trade-mark,  term,  design,  device  or  form  of  advertisement  for  the  purpose 
of  designating,  making  known,  or  distinguishing  any  goods,  wares,  mer- 
chandise or  other  product  of  labor,  as  having  been  made,  manufactured, 
produced,  prepared,  packed  or  put  on  sale  by  such  person  or  association 
or  union  of  workingmen  or  by  a  member  or  members  of  such  association 
or  union,  it  shall  be  unlawful  to  counterfeit  or  imitate  such  label,  trade- 
mark, term,  design,  device  or  form  of  advertisement,  or  to  use,  sell,  offer 
for  sale  or  in  any  way  utter  or  circulate  any  counterfeit  or  imitation  of 
any  such  label,  trade-mark,  term,  design,  device  or  form  of  advertisement. 

Sec.  2.  Be  it  further  enacted,  etc..  Whoever  counterfeits  or  imitates 
my  such  label,  trade-mark,  term,  design,  device  or  form  of  advertise- 
ment; or  sells,  offers  for  sale  or  in  any  way  utters  or  circulates  any 
counterfeit  or  imitation  of  any  such  label,  trade-mark,  term,  design, 
device  or  form  of  advertisement;  or  keeps  or  has  in  his  possession  with 
intent  that  the  same  shall  be  sold  or  disposed  of,  any  goods,  wares,  mer- 
chandise or  other  product  of  labor  to  which  or  on  which  any  such  coun- 
terfeit or  imitation  is  printed,  painted,  stamped  or  impressed;  or  know- 
ingly sells  or  disposes  of  any  goods,  wares,  merchandise  or  other  products 
of  labor  contained  in  any  box,  case,  can  or  package,  to  which  or  on  which 
any  such  counterfeit  or  imitation  is  attached,  affixed,  printed,  painted, 
stamped  or  impressed ;  or  keeps  or  has  in  his  possession  with  intent  that  the 
same  shall  be  sold  or  disposed  of,  any  goods,  wares,  merchandise  or  other 
product  of  labor  in  any  box,  case,  can  or  package  to  which  or  on  which 
any  such  counterfeit  or  imitation  is  attached,  affixed,  printed,  painted, 
stamped  or  impressed,  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not  more  than  one 
hundred  dollars  or  by  imprisonment  for  not  more  than  three  months. 

Sec.  3.  Be  it  further  enacted,  etc..  Every  such  person,  association 
or  union  that  has  heretofore  adopted  or  used,  or  shall  hereafter  adopt  or 
use,  a  label,  trade-mark,  term,  design,  device  or  form  of  advertisement  as 
provided  in  Section  1,  of  this  Act,  may  file  the  same  for  record  in  the 
office  of  the  Secretary  of  State  by  leaving  two  copies,  counterparts  or 
fac-similes  thereof,  with  said  Secretary  and  by  filing  therewith  a  sworn 
application  specifying  the  name  or  names  of  the  person,  association  or 
union  on  whose  behalf  such  label,  trade-mark,  term,  design,  device  or 


MISCELLANEOUS.  615 

form  of  advertisement  shall  be  filed;  the  class  of  mercliandise  and  a 
description  of  the  goods  to  which  it  has  been  or  is  intended  to  be  appro- 
priated, stating  that  the  party  so  filing  or  on  whose  behalf  such  label, 
trade-mark,  term,  design,  device  or  form  of  advertisement  shall  be  filed, 
has  the  right  to  the  use  of  the  same;  that  no  other  person,  firm,  associa- 
tion, union  or  corporation  has  the  right  to  such  use,  either  in  the  iden- 
tical form  or  in  any  such  near  resemblance  thereto  as  may  be  calculated 
to  deceive,  and.  that  the  f ac-simile  or  counterparts  filed  therewith  are  true 
and  correct.  There  shall  be  paid  for  such  filing  and  recording  a  fee  of 
one  dollar.  Said  Secretary  shall  deliver  to  such  person,  association  or 
union  so  filing  or  causing  to  be  filed  any  such  label,  trade-mark,  term, 
design,  device  or  form  of  advertisement  so  many  duly  attested  certificates 
of  the  recording  of  the  same  as  such  person,  association  or  union  may 
apply  for,  for  each  of  which  certificates  said  Secretary  shall  receive  a  fee 
of  one  dollar.  Any  such  certificate  of  record  shall  in  all  suits  and  prose- 
cutions under  this  Act  be  sufficient  proof  of  the  adoption  of  such,  label, 
trade-mark,  term,  design,  device  or  form  of  advertisement.  Said  Secretary 
of  State  shall  not  record  for  any  person,  union  or  association  any  label, 
trade-mark,  term,  design,  device  or  form  of  advertisement  that  would 
probably  be  mistaken  for  any  label,  trade-mark,  term,  design,  device  or 
form  of  advertisement  heretofore  filed  by  or  on  behalf  of  any  othe" 
person,  union  or  association. 

Section  4.  Be  it  further  enacted,  etc.:  Any  person  who  shall  for 
himself  or  on  behalf  of  any  other  person,  association  or  union  procure  the 
filing  of  any  label,  trade-mark,  term,  design,  device  or  form  of  advertise- 
ment in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  State  under  the  provisions  of  thia 
act,  by  making  any  false  or  fraudulent  representations  or  declaration,  ver- 
bally or  in  writing,  or  by  any  fraudulent  means,  shall  be  liable  to  pay  any 
damage  sustained  in  consequence  of  any  such  filing,  to  be  recovered  by  or 
on  behalf  of  the  party  injured  thereby  in  any  court  having  jurisdiction  and 
shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  not  exceeding  one  hundred  dollars  or  by  im- 
prisonment not  exceeding  three  months. 

Section  5.  Be  it  further  enacted,  etc. :  Every  such  person,  associa- 
tion or  union  adopting  or  using  a  label,  trade-mark,  term,  design,  device 
or  form  of  advertisemenf  as  aforesaid,  may  proceed  by  suit  to  enjoin  th< 
manufacture,  use,  display  or  sale  of  any  counterfeits  or  imitations  thereof, 
and  all  courts  of  competent  jurisdiction  shall  grant  injunctions  to  restrain 
such  manufacture,  use,  display  or  sale  and  may  award  the  complaint  in 
in  any  such  suit  damages  resulting  from  such  manufacture,  use,  sale,  or 
display,  as  may  be  by  the  said  court  deemed  just  and  reasonable,  and  shall 
require  the  defendants  to  pay  to  such  person,  association  or  union,  all 
profits  derived  from  such  wrongful  manufacture,  use,  display  or  sale;  and 
such  court  shall  also  order  that  all  such  counterfeits  or  imitations  in  the 
possession  or  under  the  control  of  any  defendant  in  such  cause  be  delivered 
to  an  officer  of  the  court,  or  to  the  complainant,  to  be  destroyed. 

Section  6.  Be  it  further  enacted,  etc.:  Every  person  who  shall  use 
or  display  the  genuine  label,  trade-mark,  term,  design,  device  or  form  of 


616  MISCELLANEOUS. 

advertisement  of  any  such  person,  association  or  union  in  any  manner  not 
being  authorized  so  to  do  by  such  person  or  association,  shall  be  deemed 
guilty  of  a  misdemeanor  and  shall  be  punished  by  imprisonment  for  not 
more  than  three  months  or  by  a  fine  of  not  more  than  one  hundred  dollars. 
In  all  cases  where  such  association  or  union  is  not  incorporated,  suits 
under  this  act  may  be  commenced  and  prosecuted  by  an  officer  or  member 
of  such  association  or  union  on  behalf  of  and  for  the  use  of  such  associa- 
tion or  union. 

Section  7.  Be  it  further  enacted,  etc. :  Any  person  or  persons  who 
shall  in  any  way  use  the  name  or  seal  of  any  such  person,  association  or 
union  or  officer  thereof  in  and  about  the  sale  of  goods  or  otherwise,  not 
being  authorized  to  use  the  same,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and 
shall  be  punishable  by  imprisonment  for  not  more  than  three  months,  or 
by  a  fine  of  not  more  than  one  hundred  dollars. 

Section  8.  Be  it  further  enacted,  etc. :  This  act  shall  take  effect  and 
be  in  force  from  and  after  its  passage. 

S.  P.  Henry, 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 

Albert  Estopinal,, 
President  pro  tern,  of  the  Senate. 
Approved   July   8th,   1898. 

Murphy  J.  Foster, 
Governor  of  the  State  of  Louisiana. 
A  true  copy : 

John  T.  Michel, 

Secretary  of  State. 


FOEM  OF  APPLICATION  FOR  TRADE-MARK. 

To  all  Whom  it  May  Concern : 

Be  it  known,  that  the ,  a  corporation 

organized  under  the  laws  of  the  State  of  Louisiana,  domiciled  in  the  Citj 
of  New  Orleans,  Parish  of  Orleans,  and  doing  business  in  said  city  and 

parish,  has  adopted  for  its  use  a  trade-mark  for ,  of 

which  two  copies,  counterparts  or  fac-similes,  are  herewith  filed  for  record 
in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  to-wit: 

This  application  is  filed  on  behalf  of  the ,  aforesaid. 

The  class  of  merchandise,  and  description  of  goods  to  which  said  trade- 
mark has  been  appropriated  and  is  intended  to  be  appropriated  is 

the  said has  the  sole  right  to  the  use  of  the  sam^. 

No  other  person,  firm,  association,  union  or  corporation  has  the  right  to 
such  use,  either  in  the  identical  form  herein  above  described,  or  in  any 


MISCELLANEOUS.  617 

such  resemblance  thereto  as  may  be  calculated  to  deceive,  and  the  fac- 
similes or  counterparts  herewith  filed  are  true  and  correct. 

Thus  done  and  signed  at  the  City  of  New  Orleans,  this 

day  of ,190 

AFFIDAVIT. 

State  of  Louisiana, 
Parish  of  Orleans. — ss. 

,  being  duly  sworn,  deposes  and  says  that  he 

is  the  president  of  the ,  the  applicant  named  in  th« 

foregoing  instrunent,  and  that  the  facts  alleged  in  said  instrument  are 
true. 

Sworn  to  and  subscribed  before  me,  this day  of 

,  190 


Notary  Public. 


018  aii6Ci:lla.\i:ul's. 

LIST  OF  CITIES,  TOAVNS  AND  VILLAGES 

Incorporated  Under  the  Provisions  of  Act  No.  136  of  1898. 

Alexandria,  Town  of iSepteiuber  25,  l&yy. 

Alexandria,  City  of d  anuary  15,  lyul. 

Amite  City,  Town  of Aovemoer  i!7,  1900. 

Bernice,  Village  of December  7,  1899. 

Boyce,   Town  of May  26,  1900. 

7irusly  Landing,  Village  of October  1,  1901. 

Cheney ville.  Village  of d  une  13,  1901. 

Ohurch  Point,  Village  of J  une  1,  1899. 

Covington,  Town  of  (Amendment) J  uly  3,  1900. 

Crowley,  Town  of J  une  21,  1899. 

Delhi,  Village  of ^viay  26,  1900. 

Dodson,  Village  of .November  22,  1901. 

Durbach,  Village  of i  mie  28,  1901.  . 

Erath,  Village  of ipnl  24,  1899. 

Estherwood,  Village  of .larch  12,  1901. 

Franklinton,  Town  of  (Amendment) j  anuary  25,   1900. 

Grand  Cane,  Village  of I  une  29,  1899. 

Gueydan,   Village   of July  19,  1899. 

Hammond,  Town  of i."ebruary  13,  1899. 

Haynesville,  Village  of August  14,  1901. 

Homer,  Town  of  (Amendment) September  17,  1901. 

Homer,  Town  of  (Amendment) December  4,   1901. 

Houma,  To^vn  of fune  9,   1900. 

Jennings,  Town  of September  5,  1900. 

Jonesboro,  Village  of September  4,  1901. 

Lake  Charles,  Town  of  (Amendment) Aiay  11,  1899. 

Lake  Charles,  City  of  (Amendment) June  15,  1900. 

Lecompte,  Village  of September  12,  1900. 

Leesville,  Town  of February  15,  1900. 

Lockport,  Village  of May  -10,  1899. 

Ji  arthaville,  Village  of December  7,  1899. 

Mermentau,  Village  of yoveirber  11,  1899. 

Mer  Eouge,  Village  of October  28,  1898. 

New  Iberia,  Town  of  (Amendment) February  13,  1902. 

Noble,  Village  of Alareh  12,  1901. 

Oberlin,  Village  of February  5,  1900. 

011a,  Village  of August  1,  1899. 

Opelousas,  Town  of Decemljer  24,  1898. 

Plaquemine,  Town  of  (Amendment) \ugust   9,   1899. 

Pontchatoula,  Town  of Tanuary  22,  1900. 

Ray  ville,  Town  of TanuarV  4,  1901. 

Ruston,  Town  of h\\x  19,  1901. 

St.  Francisville,  Town  of T^obniary  21,  1899. 

St.  Joseph,  Town  of Fobruary  26,  1901. 

Springhill,  Village  of February  5,  1902. 

Tbi^  ndeni'x.  Town  of ^"arch  12,  1901. 

Vjdalia.  T'^wn  of ^^ay  6.  1901. 

Vivian.  Village  of qnrtpmbpr  3.  1901. 

'"^-■'sh.  Town  of ^fay  26,  1900. 


jIISCELLA-VliOUS.  619 

LIST  OF  CITIES— Continued. 

Welsh,  Town  of  (Amendment) August  6,  1900. 

Welsh,  Town  of  (Amendment) March   30,   1901. 

West  Monroe,  Town  of  (Amendment) May  13,  1899. 

West  Monroe,  Town  of  (Ordinance) March  13,  1901. 

Wilson,  Town  of June  21,  1899. 

Winnfield,  Village  of June  8,  1900. 


LEGAL  HOLIDAYS. 

Jan.  1 — New  Year's  Day.  July  4 — Independence  Day. 

Jan.  8 — Battle  of  New  Orleans.  Nov.  1 — All  Saint's  Day. 
Feb.  22 — Washington's  Birthday.  Xov.  25 — Labor  Day  (Orleans  only). 

Mardi  Gras — Shrove  Tuesday.  Thanksgiving  Day. 

Good  Friday.  Dec.  25 — Christmas  Day. 

April  6 — Decoration  Day.  Sundays. 

General  Election  Day. 

In  New  Orleans  only :    Saturdays  are  half  holidays,  public  offices  and 
banks  closing  their  doors  at  twelve  o'clock.  •  ■ 


620  MISCELLANEOUS. 

COMMISSIONERS    OF    DEEDS    FOR    OTHER 
STATES  IN  LOUISIANA. 

Alabama I'red  C.  Marx New  Orieana.La 

Arizona   None New  Orleans,La. 

Arkansas   Wni.   Armstrong New  Orleans, La. 

Arkansas   Benjamin   Ory New  Orleans.La. 

Arkansas   M.  C.  Soniat New  Orleans,La. 

Arkansas  C.  O.  Wilcox New  Orlean3,La. 

California   M.  C.  Soniat New  Orleans,  La. 

California   John  G.  Eustis New  Orleans,La. 

Connecticut    M.  C.  Soniat New  Orleans,La. 

Delaware M.  C.  Soniat New  Orleans,  i^a. 

Florida   John  G.  Eustis New  Orleans,L,a. 

Georgia    M.  C  Soniat .New  Orleans, La. 

Georgia    E.C.Marx New  Orleans, La. 

Georgia    Ben.   Ory New  Orleans,  La. 

Illinois John  G.  Eustis New  Orleans,La. 

Illinois M.  C.  Soniat New  Orleans,La. 

Indiana    M.  C.  Soniat New  Orleans,La. 

Idaho   None  New  Orleans,La. 

Iowa   None  New  Orleans,  La. 

Kansas M.  C.  Soniat New  Orleans,La. 

Kansas J.  D.  Hagerty Washington,  La. 

Maryland   M.  C,  Soniat New  Orleans,  La. 

Massachusetts None  New  Orleans,  La. 

Michigan M.  C.  Soniat New  Orleans,La. 

Mississippi    John  G.  Eustis New  Orleans,  La. 

Mississippi    M.  C.  Soniat New  Orleans,  La. 

Mississippi    F.  C.  Marx New  Orleans,La. 

Missouri    M.  C.  Soniat New  Orleans,  La. 

Missouri    John  G.  Eustis New  Orleans,  La. 

Montana    M.  C.  Soniat New  Orleans,La. 

Nebraska M.  C.  Soniat New  Orleans,La. 

Nevada   M.  C.  Soniat New  Orleans, La. 

New  Hampshire M.  C.  Soniat .New  Orleans, La. 

New    Jersey John  G.  Eustis New  Orleans,  La. 

New   Mexico None   New  Orleans,  La. 

New  York M.  C.  Soniat New  Orleans, La. 

New  York W.  Morgan  Gurley New  Orleans,La. 

New  York John  G.  Eustis New  Orleans,La. 

New   York Ed.  H.  Seymour New  Orleans,La. 

New   York Fred  C.  Marx New  Orleans,La. 

New   York Clifford  M.  Eustis New  Orleans,  La. 

North   Carolina None   New  Orleans,  La. 

North  Dakota None   New  Orleans,  La. 

Ohio   John  G.  Eustis New  Orleans,La. 

Ohio   F.  C.  Marx New  Orleans,La. 

Ohio   M.  C.  Soniat New  Orleans, La. 

Oklahoma    None   New  Orleans,La. 

Pennsylvania M.  C.  Soniat New  Orleans, La. 

Pennsylvania John  G.  Eustis New  Orleans, La. 


MISCELLANEOUS.  621 

Bhode  Island M.  C.  Soniat New  Orleaiis,La. 

South   Carolina None  New  Orleans,  La. 

South  Dakota None  New  Orleans.La. 

Texas  Leon    Sugar Lake  Charles,  La. 

Texas  John  G.  Eustis New  Orlean3,La. 

Texas  M.  C.  Soniat New  Orlean8,La. 

Texas  F.  C.  Marx New  Orleans,La. 

Utah None  New  Orleans,La. 

Virginia   M.  C.  Soniat New  Orleans,La. 

West  Virginia  None  New  Orlean3,La. 

Wisconsin    M.  C.  Soniat New  Orlean3,La. 

Wisconsin    John  G.  Eustis New  Orleans,La. 

Wyoming  None  New  Orleans,  La. 

OOMMISSIONEBS  OF  DEEDS  FOJa  LOUISIANA  IN 

OTHER  STATES. 

TEJRM   OF   OFFICE,   FOUR   YEARS.— APPOINTMENTS  SINCE  MAY,  vbtb. 

Commissioner.  Domicile.  Date.  lOxpiration. 

Thos.  W.  Folsom New  York  City Aug.  11,  1898  Aug.    11,    1902 

A.  Pack Pontiac,    Mich Oct.    13,    1898  Oct.    13,    1902 

E.B.Ryan San  Francisco,  Cal Oct.    27,    1898  Oct.    27,    1902 

J.  B.  Sawyer Pontiac,    Mich Nov.  3.   1898  Nov.   3.  1902 

M.    A.    Foote Chicago,  Ills Dec.   28,    1898  Dec.   28,    1902 

W.  B.  Gwyn Asheville,   N.   C Dec.   28,    1898  Dec.   28,    1902 

H.  S.  Shreve Louisville,    Ky Dec.   28,    1898  Dec.   28,   1902 

C.  S.  Bundy Washington,  D.  C Dec.   28,    1898  Dec.   28,    1902 

C.  H.Adams Boston,    Mass Dec.   28,    1898  Dec.   28,    1902 

J.  L.  King San  Francisco,  Cal Dec.   28,    1898  Dec.   28,    1902 

D.  M.  Redmund Osyka,    Miss Jan.   9,    1899  Jan.    9,     1903 

E.  Jackson New  York  City Jan.   9,    1899  Jan.    9,     1903 

J.  A.  Hillery New  York  City Feb.    20,    1899  Feb.   20,    1903 

W.  B.  Adams Savannah,   Ga Feb.   24.    1899  Feb.   24,    1903 

C.   B.   Paxton Vicksburg,    Miss March  4,   1899  March    4,    1903 

Edwin  T.  Corey New   York   City March  16,  1899  March   16.  1903 

E.  A.  Gladwin Middleton,    Conn March  16,  1899  March   16,  1903 

Hugh  McClelland McKinney,    Texas March  20,  1899  March  20,  1903 

Joseph  B.  Bruman New  York  City March  30,  1899  March  30,  1903 

Joseph  A.  Springer Havana,    Cuba March  30,  1899  March  30.  1903 

Herbert    Morris Dallas,    Texas April    8,    1899  April   8,    1903 

Charls   E.   Mills New    York   City April    15,    1899  April    15,    1903 

Murray   Hanson Baltimore,    Md May   13,    1899  May   13,   1903 

Wm.  E.  Humphrey Chicago,  Ills May   23,   1899  May   23,    1903 

A.  T.  Holtzman Washington,  D.  C May   23,   1899  INIay    23,   1903 

Robert  Luck   St.    Paul,    Minn July  11,   1899  July   11,   1903 

Francisco  G.  G.  Y.  MoralesHavana,   Cuba July  11,   1899  July   11,   1903 

Geo.  H.  Corey New  York  City Aug.  2,   1899  Aug.    2,    1903 

Edw.  J.  Jones Boston,    Mass Aug.  21.  1899  Aug.    21,    1903 

Alfred  Mackay New  York  City Sept.    16,    1899  Sept.    16,    1903 

Chas.   D.   Green,   Jr St.  Louis,  Mo Sept.    27,    1899  Sept    27,    1903 

E.W.King Havana,  Cuba Oct.    17,    1899  Oct.    17,    1903 

I.  J.  Pocher New  York  City Dec.   7,    1899  Dec.   7,   1903 

A.  R.  Torrey Boston,    Mass Dec.   9.   1899  Dec.   9,   1903 

Louis  Mariano  de  Bugua.  .  Cienfuegos,  Cuba Dec.   16,    1899  Dec.   16,   1903 

L.  W.  Cleveland New  Haven,  Conn Dec.   23,    1899  Dec.   23,   1903 

W.   Warner.   Jr Philadelphia.    Penn.  .  .  .  Dec.    16,   1899  Dec.    16,    1903 

Lemuel  P.  Conner Natchez,    Miss Dec.   26,   1899  Dec.   26,    1903 

E.    J.   Graetz New  York  City Jan.   9,   1900  Jan.    9,    1904 

John  J.  Toady New  York  City March    3,    1900  March    3,    1904 

Hudson   Carv    Memphis.    Tenn March  12,  1900  March   12,  1904 

B.  J.    McCuilen Beaumont,  Texas March   14,1900  March   14,1904 

J.  B.  Ramsey Memphis,    Tenn May  16,   1900  Mav   16.   1904 

Wm.  R.  Johnson Galveston,  Texas June  13,  1900  June    l.S,    1904 

W.  H.  H.  Raleigh Baltimore,    Md June  20,  1900  June    20,    1904 

L.   M.   Lowenberg Vicksburg.    Miss July  17,   1900  July  17,   1904 

Jose  Eugenio  Marx Havana,    Cuba Sept.    6,    1900  Sept.    6,    1904 

H.  R.  Bovd Memphis,    Tenn Nov.  1,  1900  Nov.    1,    1904 

J.   T.   Strother Vicksburg,  Miss.. Nov.  3,   1900  Nov.    3,    1904 


622  MISCELLAiVEOUS. 

COMMISSIONERS  OF  DEEDS  FOR  LOUISIANA  IN 

OTHER  STATES. 

TEliM   OF   OFFICE,   FOUU   lEAilS. — Al'i' OJXT.UEATS  SINCE  MAY,  1898. 

Commissioner.  Domicile.  ijate.  Expiiation. 

Geo.  11.   Kiicliuer iJetioit,   Micli l.ec.   11,  lyOO  Dec.    10,    1904 

Geo.    E.   iii-yson iiavana,  CuDa i-ee.   11,  I'jou  Dec.   10,    1904 

n.   H.    l.eaveus Kansas  City,   .Mo Dec.    13,   1900  Dec.    13,    1904 

O.    W.   Caicbiugs Vicksbuig,     Jliss Dec.    IS,    1900  Dec.    IS,    1904 

Gerard  Urantlou Aatchez,     Miss Dec.    18,    1900  Dec.    IS,    1904 

M.   A.   Herring St.  i^aul,  Minn Jan.    21,   1901  Jan.   21,   1905 

F.   S.    Lawrence \  iclisburg.    Miss Jan.    21,   1901  Jan.    21,    1905 

I'.enj.  F.  liillery Mew  Yorii  City Jan.   22,    1901  Jan.    22,    1905 

S.  a.  Goodale New  Yorli  City Feb.    16,    1901  Feb.    16,    1905 

S.   L.    Wallcer Memphis,    Tenu March   11,  1901  March  11,  1905 

Thos.   J.   Hunt I'hilaaelphia,    I'a Aprii    15,    1901  April    15,    1905 

A.  H.  Fisher Baltimore,    Md April    19,    19U1  April    ly,    1905 

C.    11.   Hesse Baltimore,    Md Aprl    20,    1901  April    2V,    1905 

C.   A.   Johnson Los  Angeles.  Cal May   0,    1901  May   6,   1905 

AVm,   H.   Black New  York  City June    10,    1901  June  10,  19U5 

Geo.  Mcledowle,  Jr Belfast,   Ireland June    12,    1901  June  12.  1905 

Henry  Balantyne New  York  City July   1,   1901  July   1,   1905 

T.   Howard   Kmbert Baltimore,  Md July   12,   1901  July   12,   1905 

Chas.  W.  Wagner New  York  City July   24,    1901  July   24,   1905 

Herbert  M.  Hyde New  York  City July   25,   1901  July  25,   1905 

Wm.  F.  Robb I'ittsburg,  I'a Sept.    9,    1901  Sept.    9,    1905 

Marshall  J.  Gasquet New  York  City Sept.    25,    1901  Sept.    25,    1905 

Leslie  T.  Carter New  York  City Sept.    27,    1901  Sept.    27.    1905 

Vincent    Rosemon New  York  City Oct.   4,    1901  Oct.   4,    1905 

Harry   Stucky    Louisville,   Ky Oct.    14,    1901  Oct.    14,    1905 

Wm.^  Shillaber New  York  City Oct.    25,    1901  Oct.    25,    1905 

J.  T.  Harrison Cincinnati.    Ohio Dec.   9.    1901  Dec.   9,    1905 

J.  C.  Norton St.  Paul.  Minn Jan.   23,    1902  Jan.   23,   1906 

C.  E.  Everett Cincinnati.   Ohio Jan.   25,    1902  Jan.   25,    1906 

Geo.    W.    Hunt I'hiladelphia.  Ta Jan.   30,    1902  Jan.   30.    1906 

Wm.   Waggener Vicksburg,    Miss Jan.   31,   1902  Jan.   31.   1906 

J.  A.  Peck St.  Louis,  Mo Feb.   26,   1902  Feb.    26.    1906 

Geo.  T.  Knox San   Francisco,  Cal.  .  .  .  March  5.  1901  March   5.  1906 

E.   S.   Parnell Tunction  City.  Ark March   13,1902  March   13,1906 

S.  L.  Taylor fTiiladeiphia,  Pa March   17,  1902  March  17.  1906 

C.  O.  HaU Baltimore.  Md March   24,  1902  March  24.  1906 

A.  W.  Chamberlain New  York  City April    14.    1902  April    14.    1906 

S.    R.    Miner Wilkesbarre,    Pa May   5,    1902  May   5.    1906 


MISCELLANEOUS.  '  62:? 


RAILKOADS  IX  LOUISIANA. 

Arkansas  Southern  Railroad  Company. 

Chicago,  St.  Louis  and  Xew  Orleans  Railroad. 

East  Louisiana  Railroad  Company. 

Houston  and  Shreveport  Railroad  Company. 

Iberia  and  Vermilion  Railroad. 

Illinois  Central  Railroad  (Lessee  of  the  Chicago,  St.  Louis  and  New 

Orleans  Railroad). 
Jackson  Railroad. 

Kansas   City   Southern  Railway  Company. 
Kansas  City,  Watkins  and  Gulf  Railway. 
Leesville  East  and  West  Railroad  Company. 
Louisiana  and  Arkansas  Railroad  Company. 
Louisiana  and  Northwest  Railroad  C^inpany. 
Louisiana  Southern  Railroad. 
Louisiana  Western  Railroad. 

Missouri,  Kansas  and  Texas  Railway  Con  pany  of  Texas. 
Morgan's  Louisiana  and  Texas  Railroad  and  Steamship  Company. 
Natchez,  Red  River  and  Texas  Railroad  Company. 
New  Orleans  Belt  and  Terminal  Company. 

New  Orleans,  Fort  Jackson  and  Grand  Isle  Railroad  Company. 
New  Orleans  and  Northeastern  Railroad  Company. 
New  Orleans  and  Northwestern  Railway. 
New   Orleans   and   Mobile  Railroad.      (Operated  by  Louisville   and 

Nashville  Railroad  Company.) 
New   Orleans   and  Western   Railroad   C^ompany.      (W.   C.   Dotterer, 

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St.  Louis  Southwestern  Railway  Company. 
Yazoo  and  Mississippi  Valley  Railroad. 
Texas  and  Pacific  Railway  Company. 
Vicksburg,  Shreveport  and  Pacific  Railway  Company. 


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STATE  BANKS. 


Capital  Stock    ludividual  Deposits         Surplus 
paid  in.         not  bearing  interest.  Fund 


1  Bank  Of  Abbeville    $      40,000  00     $      236,928  02  ?  15,000  00 

2  City  Savings  Bank  of  Alexandria.  12,500  00  

3  Kapides  Bank  of  Alexandria 90,000  00  755,524  08  40,000  00 

4  Bank  of  Amite  City 22,000  00  52,187  57  2,750  00 

5  Bank  of  North   Louisiana 25,000  00  100,355  76  1,316  28 

6  Bastrop   State  Bank    50,000  00  99,658  24         

7  Bank   of   Bernice    10,575  00  32,732  29         

8  Bank  of  Baton  Rouge 50,000  00  607,893  63  150,000  00 

9  La.  State  Bank  of  Baton  Rouge.  .  .  75,000  00  150,488   10         

10  People's   Sav.   Bk.   of  Baton   Rouge  10,850  00        2,500  00 

11  Merchts  &  Planters'  Bk.  of  Bunkie  25,000  00  98,123  23         

12  Breaux  Bridge  Bank   13,350  00  14,425  01         

13  Bank  of   Clinton    15,000  00  107,077  50  1,250  00 

14  The   Cheneyville   Bank    12,500  00  79,836  24         

15  Bank  of  Colfax 15,000  00  50,155  75         

16  Bank  of  Coushatta    15,000  00  80,887   12         

17  Bank  of  Covington    15,000  00  80,068   11  3,000  00 

18  Crowley   State  Bank    50,000  00  176,629  54  25,000  00 

19  Bank  of  Acadia 45,000  00  101,056  95  5.000  00 

20  Bank  of  Ascension    30,000  00  217,208  55  15,000  00 

21  Bank  of  Donaldsonville    50,000  00  220,775  33  20.000  00 

22  People's   Bank  of  Donaldsonville..  30,000  00  100,998  04  5,000  00 

23  Eunice   State  Bank    15,000  00  20,417  84         

24  St.  Mary  Bank   50,000  00  200,092  00  12,500  00 

25  Bank   of    Gueydan 15,000  00  50,740  59         

26  Bank  of  Hammond    10,000  00  16,183  80         

27  Hammond   State   Bank    12,000  00  60,239  18  2,500  00 

28  Haynesville  State  Bank    11,000  00  23,730  06         

29  Bank  of  Houma   50,000  00  107,362  90  8,750  00 

30  People's  Bank  of  Houma 50,000  00  145,668  48  2,000  00 

31  Bank  of  Jeanerette    30,000  00  106,276  54  4,000  00 

32  Citizens'  Bank  of  Jeanerette 25,000  00  144,176  14  2,000  00 

33  Citizens'   Bank  of  Jennings 50,000  00  343,717  50  6,000  00 

34  Jennings    Banking    and    Trust    Co  50,000  00  64,076  58         

35  Bank   of    Lafayette 25,000  00  87,946  76  2,000  00 

36  The  Lake  Providence  Bank 15,000  00  98,139  18  1,275  00 

37  Bank  of   Leesville    11,000  00  69,359  50  250  00 

38  The  Citizens  Bank  of  Leesville 14,500  00  22,899  86         

39  Bank  of  DeSoto    20,000  00  52,290  14         

40  The  Sabine  Valley   Bank 12,500  00  32,175  45         

41  Avoyelles  Bank  of  Marksville 30.000  00  111,957  91  400  00 

42  Bank    of   Minden 35,000  00  228,874  85  13,500  00 

43  Merchts  &  Farmers'  Bk.  of  Monroe  100,000  00  244,811   16  11,000  00 

44  Bank  of  Morgan  City    25.000  00  109,080  04         

45  Bank  of  Assumption    25,000  00  94,674  45         

46  Bank  of  Napoleonville    30,000  00  200,887  86  10,000  00 

47  Exchange    Bank   of   Natchitoches..  25,000  00  214,249  80         

48  State  Bank  of  New  Iberia 50.000  00  159.979  42  8,000  00 

49  Algiers  Savings  Bank    30,000  00  35,862  31         

50  Canal  Bank  of  New  Orleans 1,000,000  00  4,280,394  08  50,000  00 

51  Citizens'   Bank  of  Louisiana 380,200  00  975,944  30         

52  Germania  Savings  Bank 100,000  00  

53  Metropolitan  Bank  of  New  Orleans  250.000  00  772,26?    74  2,707  45 

54  Morgan    State   Bank    100,000  00  190,921  98         

55  People's  Bank  of  New  Orleans 250,000  00  1,177,61106  8,932  87 

56  Provident    Savings    and    Safe    De- 

posit   Bank    100,000  00  145,334  25         

57  U.  S.   Safe  Deposit  and  Sav.   Bk.  .  100,000  00  

58  Teutonia  Bank  of  New  Orleans...  100  000  00  200,075  39         

59  Bank  of  New   Roads 20,000  00  144,103  58  500  00 

60  People's  State  Bank  of  Opelousas.  16,300  00  239,496  33  6,000  00 

61  St.   Landry    State   Bank 50,000  00  318,.S74  16         

62  Bank    of    Patterson 25,000  00  82,862  78  7,500  00 

63  Bank  of  Plaquemine    50,000  00  146,511   53  25,000  00 

64  People's   Bank  of  Plaquemine    50,000  00  123,481   67  500  00 

65  Ravne    State    Bank    15,000  00  136,279  15  7,500  00 

66  Lincoln    I'arish    Bank    25,000  00  57,365  53         

67  Ruston  State  Bank    50,000  00  248,886  37  25,000  00 

68  Merchants'   and   Farmers'    Bank   of 

Shreveport    100,000  00  641,756  63  2,500  00 

69  Bank  of  West  Feliciana 25,000  00  124,279  49  14,000  00 

70  Bank  of  St.  Martinsville 40,000  00  98,012  95  2,000  00 

71  Bank  of  Lafourche    25,000  00  241,600  94  17,500  00 

72  Bank  of  Thibodaux 50,000  00  278.472  36  15,000  00 

73  Washington  State  Bank    20.850  00  60,838  71  2,000  00 

74  Bank  of  Whitecastle    15,000  00  81.547  02  300  00 

75  Bank   of   Winnfield    10,850  00  37,905   14         

76  Bank  of  Lockport    15,000  00  30,972  50         

Total    .$4,500,975  00     $17,244.171   00  $556,931  60 


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Miscellaneous. 


U.  C.  V.  C^MPS,  ''LOUISIANA  DIVISION."  ' 


NAllES. 

NO. 

HEADQUARTERS. 

COMMANDERS. 

ADJUTANTS. 

Army  of  N.  Virginia 
Army  of  Tennessee. 
Gen.  LeRoy  Stafford 
Jeff.   Davis    

1 
2 
3 
6 

14 
9 

15 

16 

17 

18 

33 

38 

40 

41 

60 

62 

78 
110 
152 
178 
182 
1S3 
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190 
229 
247 
264 
270 
345 
379 

397 

409      1 

451 

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530 

545 

546 

548 

551 

578      1 

580 

589 

607 

628 

631 

634 

670 

671 

749 

798 

909 

937 
1074 
ions 
1111      ^ 

1142 
1160 
1185 
1232 
1238 
1272 

New  Orleans    ...... 

New  Orleans 

Shreveport     

Alexander     

J.  W.  T.  Leech 

L.    Guion     

V.    Grosjean    

F.    Seip    

L.  A.  Adams. 

W.   Curry. 

J.    M.    Martin. 

W.   W.    Whittington. 

J     L.    Bond. 

Ruston   

Allen  Barksdale   . .  . 
S    Haas       

R.  E.  Lee 

Opelousas    

New  Orleans 

New  Orleans 

New  Orleans   

Baton  Rouge   

I'laquemine    

Evergreen     

Donaldsonville     .... 

Natchitoches    

Mansfield    

Tangipahoa    

liake    Charles    

Amite   City    

Merrick     

T-fa  vvi  ]  lf» 

Fj    Sandoz 

Cont'd.    Vet.    States 

Cavalry    

Washington    ArtiU'y 

Henry    \V.   Paul 

Baton  Rouge 

Iberville     

J.  S.  Harral    

E.  P.  Cotteaux 

A.    B     Booth    . . . 

H.  W.  Spear. 

Jno.    Holmes. 
.Tosenh     Demoruelle^ 

A.    D.     Barrow .... 

L.    E.    Woods 

I.    C.    Johnson 

S.   A.   Poche    

L.   Caspare    

J.    G.    Moanhall 

R.  L.  Draughn   .... 

W.   A.   Knapp 

E.    C.    Cooley 

1».  F.  Merrick    

F.  M.  Heroman. 
J.   A.    Dupuy. 
W.    H.    O  iver. 
Wm.  J.  Murphy. 
C.    H.    Levy. 
T.  G.  Pegues. 

R.    L.    Gibson 

V.  Mauvin 

Natchitoches   

Mouton     

Camp  Moore 

Calcasieu  Con.  Vets. 

Amite    City     

Isaiah  Norwood    .  .  . 

T.    I.   Thompson. 
P.  Jacobs. 
G.   F.   Stearns. 
J      .1      Tavlor 

Riohlanrt 

.1     S     Snramerlin 

J.   D.    X.  Chapman. 
F.   O'Brien. 
W.    A.    O'Kelly. 

C.   K.   Egellv. 

Winchester  Hall.  . . 

Henry  Allen    

John  Peels 

Lake   Providence    .  . 

I?erwick    

Monroe    

Scicily   Island    

Lake  Providence  .  .  . 

Thibadeaux    

Arcadia         

A.    G.    Frere 

W.    P.    Kenwick .... 

W.    S.    Peck    

J.    C.    Bass 

Braxton  Bragg  .... 
Arcadia    

J.    J.    Shaffer 

W.    Miller 

II.  N.  Coulon. 
.1.    A.    Ogden. 

Fred.   Ogden    

Feliciana    

Gonzalez    P.    0 

Jackson     

Dr.  P.  T.  St.  Amant 
Zach    Lea    

C.    M.    Smith 

S.    W.    Tavlor    . 

H.    T.    Brown. 
W.  W.  Mathews. 

Gen.    Geo.    M(jorman 
Florian    Cornay    . .  . 

JIandeville    

Franklin     

R.    0.    Pizzetta. 
T.    J.    Shaffer. 

R     M     Tatum 

Union   I'arish    .  .  . 

Cap   Perot    

Lowdeu    Butler    . .  . 

Camnti     

Thomas    Lvles    .... 

J.    B.    Dunn    

O.    T.    Webb    

0.   :\r.  Lee    

A.    Goodwill    

J.  Graham 

G.  W.  Oakley 

T.   M.   Sharp    

D.   A.   Cochrane. . . . 

G.   W.    Sample    

Edw.    W.    Huff 

D.    B.    Hays 

H.    V.    McCain    . 

T.   H.   Hamilton. 

Benton    

P..   R.   Nash. 

Harry   Hays    

Henry   Gray    

Croft    

Magnolia    1*     0.  .  .  . 

Coushatta     

Zachary    

Minden     

F.   E.    Hill. 
0.    S.    Penny. 
W.   B.    Atkinson. 

T.   M.    Scott    

H.  A.  Barnes. 

I.'ifk   Taylor    

Claiborne     

Pleasant   Hill    

G.    G.    Hill. 

Henrv   Gray    

K.    M.    Hinson 

Frank  Gardner   .... 

Camp    Hood    

Vermilion 

Timothea    

Bastrop    

Lafayette     

Logansport     

Abbeville    

T.  Oakley. 

W.  A.  Harrington. 

P.   L.  DeClouet. 

E.   Price. 

J.  T.  Labit. 

G.  T.  Beauregard  .  . 
TVf  on  fcromerv 

Crowley    

Montgomery     

Jeanerette    

New   Iberia    

Eunice 

Columbia    

St.    Francisville    .  .  . 

Harrisf)nburg    

Stay    P.     O 

Pontchataula  

Hammond     

SVlnnsboro 

Napoleonville     

J.   E.  Barr. 
J    M    CcCain 

Alcibiade   Deblanc    . 
Confederate  Vets. . . 
Eunice     

A.  L.  Monnot 

Robt.    S.    Perry 

V.    T.    Bon dean 

Geo.    Wear    

F.   M.   Afumford    .  .  . 
W.  J.  Miller   

Andrew  Tharp. 
Martin    Carron. 

John   McEnery    .... 
Confederate  Vets   .  . 
Frank    T     Nichols 

S.  D.  S.  Walker. 
W.    B.    Smith. 
J.  C.   Boyd. 

Confederate    Vets.. 

Pontchatoula    

Hammond    

Franklin  Par.  Sharp 

Shooters     

Gen.    F.    T.    Nicholls 

Wm.   IT.   Hodnett.  .  . 

Geo.    M.    Perln 

W.   W.   Bankston.  . . 
W.    P.    Powers 

T.  J.  Butler. 
J.  W.  Skinner. 
J.    M.    King. 

Thos.  Loftus 

.T.   R.    Kent 

E.    L.    Monnot. 

R.    E.    Hunter    

Clinton   

New    Road"?             .  . 

G.    H.    Packwood... 
I>.   B.   Claiborne.  .  .  . 

J.  A.  White. 

Confederate  Vets. . . 
Chas.   J.   Batchelor. 

Lees  Creek  P.  0 .  .  .  . 
Smithland    

Martin    Williams    .  . 
Rev.   R.    H.    Prosser 

J.  K.  Johnson. 
W.  W.  Mains. 

Miscellaneous. 


663 


GRAND  ARMY  OF  THE  REPUBLIC— DEPARTMENT  LOUISIANA- 
MISSISSIPPI. 

(Department  Officers  1901-1902 — Headquarters  New  Orleans,  La, 

Charles  W.  Keeting,  Commander Box  1724,  New  Orleans 

R.  B.  Baquie,  Assistant  Adjutant-General Box  1724,  New  Orleans 

Roster  of  Department. 


POST. 


Jos.  A.  Mower 

W.  T.   Sherman. . .  . 

Cyrus  Hamlin 

Abraham    Lincoln. . 

Jennings    

Chas.  W.  Cady 

Andre   CalUoux 

C.   J.   Bassett 

U.   S.   Grant 

John   H.   Crowder.  . 
Phil.  H.   Sheridan.  . 

Oscar    Orillion 

Ellsworth    

Ransom    

R.    B.    Elliott 

Robt    G.   Shaw.  .  .  . 

M.  R.  Delany 

Farragut    

E.  D.  Edwards 

Parson    Brownlow.  . 

John  A.  Logan 

Greenville    

O.  P.  Morton 

Custer    

Dan  Ullmann 

General   Steel 

T.  W.  Stringer 

R.  B.  Hayes 

Fred.  Douglass 

James    Lynch 

Lake    Providence.  . . 
General    Phelps. . . . 

Jefferson    

General   Canby 

Duncansby     

Fairchlld     

William  McKinley.  . 

Plaquemine    

Osterhaus    

R.  B.   Beck 

Ebenezer    

Gen.  W.  W.  Dudley. 

General  Allen 

Vandergriff    

Henry  Wilson 

G.   H.   Thomas 

Leland    

B.  P.  Butler 

U.  B.   Pearsall 

Charles  E.  Sherman 
O.  J.  Dunn 


No. 


COMMANDBK. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

6 

8 

9 

10 

U 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

]7 

18 

20 

21 
00 

23 
24 

2.T 

26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
3.0 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
4.5 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 


William  L.  Jarvis.  .  .  . 

R.   W.   Jones 

James  A.  Knight.... 

Sandy    Brown 

IH.  S.  Williams 

IWilliam  P.  Young. . . 

1  Robert    Smith 

|W.    B.    Barrett 

I  Thomas  Poree 

I  John  Pierce 

I  Frank  Burtis 

IWilliam   Walker 

I  Preston   Smooth 

I  James    Newton 

|N.   A.   Anderson 

I  Paul    Bruce 

I  Joseph  Drozin 

|R.    H.    Isabelle 

I  Isaiah   Kelly 

I  Henry  Hunter 

IM.  Tolbert 

I  P.    T.    Jackson 

!  Reuben  Elmore 

I  Henry  Rivers 

!Adam  Metcalf 

(Eugene  Fields ' 

|H.    Ballard 

|>forrison  Sh'^nherd.  .  . 

IThomas  Tindle 

I  William    Booze 

1  Charles  Johnson 

I  Samuel    Brown 

10.  P.  Petersen 

I  Scott  Brown 

ir.   W.   Wilson 

I  J.   Slnby  Davidson... 

(Edward    Landry 

(rharles  Philomene.  .  . 

(John  W.  Chase 

(Philip    Bias 

Levi  Shillcut 

George  Hamlin 

Hopkins    Brown 

Ebenezer   Bryan 

Philip  Green 

G.    H.    Hill 

Samuel  Guess 

Timothy   Aikens 

Henry  Grant 

Eugene    Castillo 

Philip  Gray I 


ADJUTANT. 


M.  A.  C.  Hussey. . . . 

Lee  Davis 

Hampton    Felder. . . 
Charles  Brown   . . .  . 

H.  T.  Miller 

Charles  Morgan. . . . 

R.  B.  Baquie 

Henry  Nickens 

August    Pierre 

Samuel   Webb 

James   Pearl 

J.    L.    Dupart 

Oscar  Pilman 

Louis    Mackel 

F.  H.  Ballard 


LOCATION. 


Samuel    Smith 

John  H.  Jackson. . . 

Brisco   York 

Perry    Lloyd 

Washington  Gray.. 
Solomon  Henderson. 

Tyler    Cox 

C.   Lyons 

John    Scott 

Edward  Butler 

David    Hebrew 

Henry    Lewis 

Stephen   Kvle 

S.    L.    Roan 

Martin    Kennedy... 

Julian    Martin 

E.  A.  Hubeau 

Rial  Henney 

S.  J.  Thompson.  . . . 
Louis  Richardson.. 
Winton  Stewart.  . .  . 

John   Celestine 

J.    Gumby 

Daniel   Harney 

Cain    Griffin 

Douglass  D.  Hill.  .  . 
Washington    Bayade 

S.  Ames 

P>.   H.  Johnson 

R.  W.  Allison 


New  Orleans,  La, 

Shelby,    Miss. 

Baton  Rouge,  La. 

Thibodeaux,  La. 

Jennings,  La. 
!  Jackson,    Miss. 

New  Orleans,  La. 

New  Orleans,  ].a. 

New  Orleans,  La. 

New  Orleans,  La. 

New  Orleans,  La. 

New  Orleans,  la. 

New  Orleans,  La. 

Natchez,   Miss. 

Vicksburg,    Miss. 

New  Orleans,  La. 

New  Orleans,  La. 

New  Orleans,  La. 

Vicksburg,    Miss. 

Vidalia,    La. 

Natchez,    Miss. 

Greenville,    Miss. 
;  Morgan  City,  La. 

Port  Hudson,  La. 

Chatham.  INIiss. 

Jesuits'  Bend,  La 

Bovina,    Miss. 

Waterproof,    La. 

Warrenton,  Miss. 

I't.   Gibson.   Miss 

Lake   Prv'ce,   La. 

Lafayette,    La. 

Gretna,  La. 

Houma,    La. 

Duncansby.  Miss. 

Bavou  Goula.  La. 

Port  Allen,   La. 

Plaquemine.  La. 

Edwards,    Miss. 

Omega,   La. 
'  Ebenezer,    Miss. 

Fayette,    Miss. 

Glen  Allen.  Miss. 

Summit,    Miss. 

Alexandria,    La. 

Darrow,   La. 


Jacques    Darensbury  Boutte,  La. 


Willie    Smith Franklin,  La. 

Francis  Richard i  New  Orleans,  La. 


664  Miscellaneous. 


LOUISIANA  DIVISION  UNITED  SONS  OF 
GONFEDEiRATE  VETERANS. 


Headquarters  1901-1902 — Baton  Rouge,  La. 


Division  Commander — W.  M.  Barrow,  Baton  Rouge,  La. 

Division  Adjutant  and  Chief  of  Staff — A.E.Rabenhorst,  Baton  Rouge. 

Division  Inspector — Henry  H.  Clark,  628  Canal  St.,  New  Orleans,  La. 

Division  Quartermaster — Joseph  St.  Martin,  Donaldsonville,  La. 

Division  Commissary — L.  H.  Marrero,  Jr.,  Gretna,  La. 

Division  Judge  Advocate — Loys  Charbonnet,  New  Orleans,  La. 

Division  Surgeon — Dr.  Kittridge  Sims,  Donaldsonville,  La. 

Division  Chaplain — Rev.  Louis  Tucker,  St.  Francisville,  La. 

Aid-de-camp — E.  O.  Lalande,  Napoleonville,  La. 

Aid-de-camp— Hugh  Waddill,  Baton  Rouge,  La. 

Aid-de-camp — David  M.  Pipes,  Jackson,  La. 

Aid-de-camp — Ferdinand  C.  Claiborne,  New  Roads,  La. 

Aid-de-camp — T.  B.  Sellers,  Luling,  La. 

Aid-de-camp — J.  R.  Moss,  Coushatta,  La. 

Aid-de-camp — A.  E.  Barrow,  St.  Erancisville,  La. 

CAMPS. 

Pierre  J.  Gilbert,  No.  110 — Napoleonville,  La. 
Organized  August  22,  1898. 

E.  O.  Lalande,  Commandant.  Oscar  Du^as,  Adjutant. 

Camp  Ascension,  No.  126 — Donaldsonville,  La. 
Edmund  Maurin,  Commandant.  Prosper  Gonel,  Jr.,  Adjutant. 

Camp  Beauregard,  No.  130 — New  Orleans,  La. 
Organized  April  28, 1899. 

Jas.  T.  Nix,  Commandant.  T.  J.  Reynaud,  Adjutant. 

Camp  Henry  Watkins  Allen,  No,  133 — Baton  Rouge,  La. 
Organized  April  29,  1899. 

Hugh  Waddill,  Commandant.  Nicholas  Wax,  Adjutant. 


Gen,  Leon  Jastremski. 


Miscellaneous.  665 

Camp  Charles  A.  Brusle,  No.  144 — Plaquemine,  La. 
Organized  June  20,  1899. 

Clarence  S.  Hebert,  Commandant.  H.  N.  Sherburne,  Jr.,  Adjutant. 

Camp  West  Feliciana,  No.      — St.  Francisville,  La. 
Organized  November  13,  1901. 

A.  F.  Barrow,  Commandant.  Ed.  R.  Moses,  Adjutant. 

Camp  Gus  A.  Scott,  No.  244 — Jackson,  La. 
Organized  April  26,  1901. 

David  M.  Pipes,  Commandant.  W.  C.  Jones,  Adjutant. 

Camp  Turgis,  No.  264 — New  Orleans,  La. 
Organized  May  11,  1901. 

Loys  Charbonnet,  Commandant.  W.  B.  Mangum,  Adjutant. 

Camp  Guy  Dreux,  No.  277 — Gretna,  La. 
Organized  May  21,  1901. 

L.  H.  Marrero,  Jr.,  Commandant.  Jno.  R.  Langridge,  Adjutant. 

Camp  Bouanchaud,  No.  291 — New  Roads,  La. 
Organized  June  30,  1901. 

Ferdinand  C.  Claiborne,  Commandant.        Hewitt  Bouauchaud,  Adjutant. 

Camp  R.  E.  Lee,  Luling  No.      — Luling,  La. 
Organized  August  3,  1901. 

T.  B.  Sellers,  Commandant.  R.  J.  Sellers,  Adjutant. 

Camp  Henry  Gray,  No.     — Coushatta,  La. 
Organized  August  24,  1901. 

J.  R.  Moss,  Commandant.  J.  T.  S.  Thoma«,  Adjutant. 


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668  Miscellaneous. 

STATEMENT    OF    NEW    CONSOLS    AND    CONSTITUTIONAL 
BONDS  OF  THE  STATE  OF  LOUISIANA, 

And  of  new  School  Bonds,  owned  by  the  Free  School  Fund,  now  held  by 
the  State  Treasurer,  said  Bonds  havinc;  been  purchased  under  Acts  265  of 
1855  and  54  of  1900,  all  being  stamped  as  required  by  Act  116  of  1890. 

NEW  CONSOLS. 
1  Bond  of  $1,000,  No.  530. 
1  Bond  of  $1,000,  No.  535. 
1  Bond  of  $1,000,  No.  542. 
1  Bond  of  $1,000,  No.  550. 
1  Bond  of  $1,000,  No.  1151. 
7  Bonds  of  $1,000,  Nos.  2218  to  2224. 
10  Bonds  of  $1,000,  Nos.  2401  to  2410. 
1  Bond  of  $1,000,  No.  2835. 
1   Bond  of  $1,000,  No.  2869. 

12  Bonds  of  $1,000,  Nos.  2956  to  2967. 
1   Bond  of  $1,000,  No.  8160. 

1  Bond  of  $1,000,  No.  3475. 

5  Bonds  of  $1,000,  Nos.  3681  to  3685. 

1  Bond  of  $1,000,  No.  4198. 

13  Bonds  of  $1,000,  Nos.  4283  to  4295. 

1  Bond  of  $1,000,  No.  5335. 

2  Bonds  of  $1,000.  Nos.  6307  to  6308. 
1  Bond  of  $1,000,  No.  7096. 

1  Bond  of  $1,000,  No.  7413. 

1  Bond  of  $1,000.  No.  7743. 

1  Bond  of  $1,000.  No.  8280. 

2  Ponds  of  $1,000,  Nos.  8634  to  8635. 
1  Fond  of  $1,000,  No.  8850. 

3  Ponds  of  $1,000,  Nos.  8873  to  8875. 
03   Bondp  of  $1,000.  Nos.  9306  to  9398. 


163   Bonds   of   SI. 000   each    aeerreeating    $163,000  00 

8   Bonds  of  S.''>00.  Nos.  2188  to  2195. 
11    Bonds  of  Sr^OO.  Nos.  2197  to  2207. 

1    Pond  of  fr,r\0.  No.  2209. 

1    Pond  of  $500.  No.  2501. 
87  Ponds  of  $500,  Nos.  2977  to  3063. 


ins   Ponds  of  .«500  pach.   aggregating    64,000  00 

1    Pond  of  $100.  No.  1555. 
r.67  Bonds  of  $100,  Nos.  3492  to  4058. 


'«R8  Bonds  of  $100  each,  aggregating    66,800  00 

CONSTITUTIONAL   BONDS. 

1  Pond  of  $5.  No.  33 

1  Bond  of  $5.  No.  71. 

1  Bond  of  $5,  No.  72. 

1  Bond  of  $5,  No.  124. 

1  Pond  of  $5,  No.  149. 

1  Bond  of  $5,  No.  179. 

6  Bonds  of  $5   earh,   aggregating 80  00 

ATCIIAFALAYA  BASIN  LEVEE  BONDS. 

75  Bonds  of  $1,000.  Nos.  196  to  270. 

1  Bond  of  $1,000.  No.  432. 

2  Bonds  of  $1,000,  Nos.  476  to  477. 
1  Bond  of  $1,000.  No.  482. 

6  Bonds  of  $1,000,  Nos.  666  to  671. 


85   Bonds  of   $1,000   each,    aggregating 85,000  00 

FIFTH   LOUISIANA   LEVEE   BONDS. 

6  Bonds  of  $1,000.  Nos.  37  to  42. 
4   Bonds  of  .'51, 000,  Nos.  201  to  204. 
40  Bonds  of  $1,000,  Nos.  272  to  311. 

50   Bonds  of   $1,000   each,   aggregating 60,000  00 


Total  amount  of  bonds  owned  by  the  Free  School  Fund $498,830  00 


Miscellaneous. 


669 


ECEIPTS  AND  DISBURSEMENTS  BY  FUNDS  AND  REVENUES,  AND 
CASH  BALANCES  ON  HAND  DECEMBER  31,  1901. 


Funds. 

iieral   Fund,   1901 

neral  Fund,   1900 

ueral    Fund,    1899 

irrent  School  Fund,    1901 

inent   School   Fund,    1900 

irrent  School  Fund,  1899 

terest  Tax  Fund,  1001 

terest  Tax  Fund,  1900 

terest  Tax  Fund,  1899 

terest  Tax  Fund  1879  and  previous 

sneral   Engineer  Fund    

vee  and  Drainage  Fund 

ee  School  Fund   

terest  and  Redemption  $5  Bonds 

ivee  Construction  and  Repair  Fund  for  1878  and 

previous    

edemptlon  of  Valid  School   Certificates 

llltla   Fund    

ertlllzer   Fund    

arls  Green  Fund    

rust    Fund    

yster    Fund    

enltentlary    Fund    

ontchartraln  Levee  District    

tchafalaya  Basin   Levee  District 

Ifth  Louisiana  Levee  District   

rleans  Levee  District    

rleans  Levee  District,  one-half  mill 

ed  River,  Atchafalaya  k  Rayou   Boeuf  Levee  Dlst. 

afourche  Basin  Levee  District 

ake  Borgne  Basin   Levee  District 

addo   Levee  District    

'ensas    Basin    Levee   District 

fttchito>'hcs   Sub-Levee   District    

dossier  Levee  District    

addo   Sub-Levee   District    

iuras   Levee  District    

Irand   Prairie  Levee  District    


Receipts.     Expenditures. 


790,898.03 

270,744.22 

41,604.33 

53,360.24 

319,945.03 

452.32 

97,726.31 

837,169.48 

332,372.91 

494.96 

243,829.68 

99,256.00 

88,546.13 

2,989.72 

2,648.67 

1,946.20 

1,452.87 

11,887.76 

318.04 

1,757.86 

8,587.15 

269,720.96 

149,694.65 

415,746.92 

222,842.24 

189,548.22 

485.52 

400,121.75 

187,699.88 

28,970.93 

174,123.99 

154.024.62 

8,942.80 

30,999.32 

18,389.09 

15,268.79 

13,805.90 


782,253. 

55,106, 

41,604 

16,627, 

317,925. 

452 

37,057 

460,733 

7,359 

38 

190,034 

3,300 

35,783 

1,637 


47 
57 
.33 
89 
87 
.32 
42 
55 
00 
.50 
06 
00 
20 
04 


325.00 

1,941.98 

675.00 

11,370.98 

53.25 


268,887.61 
132,961.28 
402,733.50 
124,796.58 
164,685.12 

'227,408.03 

156,902.38 

24,612.35 

100,590.38 

147,101.31 

5,982.84 

30,037.66 

9,928.00 

8,533.57 

6,127.71 


Balance. 

8,644.56 
215,637.65 

36,V32.35 
2.019.1* 

"60,668.89 

76,435.93 

325,013.91 

456.46 

53,795.62 

95,956.00 

52,762.93 

1,352.68 

2,323.67 

4.22 

777.87 

516.78 

264.79 

1,757.86 

8,587.15 

833.35 

16,733.37 

13,013.42 

98,045.66 

24,863.10 

485.52 

172,713.72 

30,797.50 

4,358.58 

73,533.61 

6.923.31 

2,959.9H 

961.66 

8,461.09 

6,735.22 

7,678.19 


imount  deposited  but  not  yet  audited. 


$5,188,373.49  $3,775,567.75  $1,412,805.74 
9,626.42 


Total 11,422.432.16 


CASH    ON    DEPOSIT. 

Jew  Orleans  Natiopal  Bank $  418,393.56 

libemla  National   Bank    425.594.72 

ioulslana    National    Bank    420,673.31 

^ank  of  Baton  Rouge   75,697.15 

J'lrst  National  Bank  of  Baton  Rouge 81,978.91 

:'a»h  in  vault   94.51 


Total    $1,422,432.1« 


670 


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088  CENSUS    TAUI.KS. 

Nevr  Orleans  is  the  only  city  in  Louisiana  that  has  a  population  in 
1900  of  more  than  25,000,  and  for  this  city,  a  summary  is  presented  in 
table  G,  showing  the  population  from  1810  to  1900,  inclusive,  together 
with  the  increase  by  number  and  per  cent  during  each  decade. 

TABLE  f5.— POPULATION  OF  NEW  ORLEANS:  1810  TO  1900. 

Census  Years.         Population.         Increase. 

Number.  Per  Cent. 

1900 287,104  45,065  18.C 

1890 242,039  25,949  12.0 

1880 216,090  24,672  12.9 

1870 191,418  22,743  13.5 

1860 168,675  52,300  44.9 

1850 116.375  14,182  13.9 

1840 102,193  72,456  243.7 

1830 29,737        2,561  9.4 

1820. 27,176  9,934  9.4 

1810 17,242  

According  t.o  this  surhmary,  New  Orleans,  beginning  with  a  population 
of  17,242  in  1810,  increased  but  little,  compared  with  the  early  growth  of 
other  cities,  for  two  decades,  but  from  1830  to  1840,  the  population  of  the 
city  increased  from  29,737  to  102,193,  or  243.7  per  cent.  Since  then  the 
rate  of  increase  has  been  relatively  low,  although  in  the  decade  from  1890 
to  1900,  it  is  somewhat  greater  than  it  has  been  in  any  decade  since  1860. 


INDEX. 


Articles  of  Confederation,  United  States 1* 

Amendments,  Constitution  of  Lnited  States 41 

Audit  and  Kxchange,  State  Hoard  of 378 

Agriculture,    State    Board    of 381 

Arbitration  and  Conciliation,  State  Board  of 382 

Atchaf alaya   Basin   Levee   Board 384 

Atchafalaya,  Red  Itiver  and  Bayou  Ba'uf 380 

Acadia,    Roster   of    I'arish    Officers 39U 

Ascension,    Roster  of    I'arish    Officers 390 

Assumption,    Roster   of    I'arish    C)fficers 393 

Avoyelles,    Roster   of    I'arish    Officers 394 

Asylum,    Louisiana    Insane 479 

Applications  for  Pardons,   Rules   Governing 611 

Applications  for   Trade-Marks,   etc 614 

Act  No.  136  of  1898,  List  of  Cities,  Towns  and  Villages  that  have  Adopted  Same. 618 

Agents,  List  of,— Act   149  of  1890 624 

Baton    Rouge    State    Capital     1 

Hoards,  State — 

Liquidation  of  State  Debt 378 

Audit  and  Exchange 378 

Railway  Commissioners    378 

Railway   Appraisers 3J9 

I'ension   Commissioners    379 

Health     379 

Education    380 

Engineers    380 

Agriculture   381 

Medical    Examiners    (Allopath) 381 

Medical   Examiners   (Homeopath)    381 

Dental  Examiners 382 

P_armacv    38- 

.  Arbitration  and  Conciliation 382 

Directors  Citizens'   Bank    382 

Examiners   of    Bar    Pilots 383 

Assessors,   Parish   of  Orleans    383 

Commissioners  Hotel  Royal 383 

Commissioners   I'ort   of  New   Orleans 383 

Commissioners  New   Basin   t  anal  and  Shellroad 384 

State  Contest 384 

Levee,    Atchafalaya    Basin    384 

Levee,    Bossier     384 

Levee,  Buras    385 

Levee,  Caddo    385 

Levee,  Grand  Prairie    38o 

Levee,    Lake    Borgne     385 

Levee,    Lafourche    Basin    386 

Levee,    Orleans    38« 

Levee,  Red  River.  Atchafalaya  and  Bayou  Boeuf 38b 

Levee,   Pontchartraln    38( 

Levee,   Tensas    Basin    387 

Levee,   Fifth    Louisiana    District    387 

of  Commissioners  Fausse  Polnte  Drainage  District 388 

First  Drainage  District — Iberville 388 

Guevdan  Drainage  District    ggg 

Iberia  and  St.  Marv  Drainage  District 388 

Iberia  and  Bayou  Carlln  Drainage  District 388 

Second  Drainage  District    388 

Bavou  Conwav  Drainage   District 38W 

Beile  Place  Drainage  District 389 

St.  Martin.  Iberia  and  Polnte  Claire  Drainage  District 389 

Third   Drainage   District — Assumption 389 

Third   Drainage    District — Lafourche 389 

Bnras  Levee   Board.    Board   of  Commissioners 3«.t 

Bossier  Levee  Board.  Board  of  Commissioners Jg* 

Bavou  Conway  Drainage  District.   Board  of  Commissioners 389 

Belle  Place  Drainage  District,  Board  of  Commissioners 389 

Blenyllle  Parish,  Roster  of  Officials    39J 


6&0 


INDEX. 


r.ossier   Parish.   Roster   of  Officials -95 

HIind,   Louisiana   Institute  for  the aro 

Hiologic   Station,  Gulf    222 

I  anks,    National    In   Louisiana,    List   of 655 

rianks,    State,    in    Louisiana,    List   of '.['.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.['.  656 

lionds    Statement  of,  ovvnd  by  Free  School  Fund 668 

C  onfederation.     Articles     of '  '            '  '  19 

Constitution   of   the   United   States '.'.'.'.".'.'.'.'.'. 31 

Constitution  of  the  Inited  States   (Amendments) "       '  '  41 

Constitution    of    Louisiana.    1812 '  '  '  55 

Constitution    of    Louisiana.    184.") .       ''         '' *  Qg 

Constitution    of    Louisiana,    185l! '  '  '  89 

Convention   of   Louisiana.    1861 HO 

( 'onstitution   of   Louisiana.    1864 117 

Constitution  of  Louisiana,  1808 .....'.....'. 13ft 

Constitution   of  Louisiana.    ISTl) "  '  '  167 

Constitution  of  Louisiana.  18!>8 228 

Committees  of  State  Senate.  1900-1902 .  .  ...'./. 369 

Committees  of  House  of  Kepresentatives,   1900-1902.  ..  .                           '    * 376 

Citizens'   Pank.   State  1  »lrectors ,  .  382 

Caddo    I>evee   District,    P.oaid   of   Commissioners    385 

Caddo    Parish.   Roster  of  Officials .-, 396 

Calcasieu    Parish.    Roster    of    Otlicials     .......  396 

Caldwell    Parish.   Roster  of  Officials '  '. 399 

<'ameron    Parish.    Roster   of    Officials ..!..!..!!.  400 

Catahoula    Parish.    Roster   of   Officials [[  400 

Claiborne    Parish.    Roster    of    Otlicials 401 

Concordia  I'arish.    Roster  of  OtRcials 401 

Charity  Hospital   47.5 

Confederate   Memorial    Hall 484 

Commissioners  of  Deeds  of  Other  States  in  Louisiana .........[[[[..  620 

(Commissioners  of  Deeds  for  Louisiana  in  Other  States 621 

Charters  of  Corporations,   r^ist  of 632 

Corporations  that  have  Increased  or  Decreased  their  Capital 6.54 

Confederate  Veteran   ( 'amps 662 

Cash  Balances.   Statement  of 669 

Census   Statistics   of   Louisiana 674 

Declaration  of  Independence 27 

Department,    Judiciary,   United    States 341 

Department.    .ludiciary,    State  J>ui)reme   Court .  ; 360 

Department,    .ludiciary.    Circuit    Courts ........  360 

Department,   .ludiciarv.   District  Courts 36S 

Directors.    Citizens'    liank    382 

Dental   Examiners.   State  Board  of 382 

Drainage   Districts — 

Fausse    Pointe 388 

First— Iberville    888 

Gueydan    388 

Iberia  and  St.  Mary    388 

Iberia  and  Bayou  ( 'arlin 388 

Second 388 

Pavou    Conwav    ■  389 

Peile    Place     ." 389 

St.   Martin.   Iberia  and   Pointe  Claire 389 

Third— Assumption     389 

Third      Lafourche    889 

DeSoto  Parish.  Roster  of  Officials 402 

Deaf  and  Duml).   I.,ouisiana  Institute  for 470 

Democratic   I'latform,   National .513 

Democratic    Committee."  National 519 

Democratic  Committee.   Officers  Variotis   States 521 

Democratic   Platform,    State 523 

Democratic   State  Central  Committee    525 

I>emocratic    Congressional    Committees     528 

District    Courts    of    I>ouisiana.    Terms 604 

Deeds.  Commissioners  of  liouisinna  in  Other  States 620 

Deeds,   Commissioners  of.   of   Other   Slates   in   Louisiana    621 

Debt  of  Louisiana.   Statement  of  Bonded  and  Floating , 666 

Education.    State    Board    of    880 

i'.ngineers.    State    Board    of    380 

Kxamlners,    Bar    Pilots    38^ 

l',ast   Baton   Rouge.    Parish   Roster  of   Officials 40i 

Fast   Carroll    Parish.    Roster   of   Officials    •*05 

Fast  Feliciana   Parish.  Roster  of  OIBcials    *'"^ 

Flection    Tables ■ 5fi*' 

Fxtradition.   Rules  Relative  to    •  o' ' 


•  INDEX.  691 

Flower,     State .  .'.  .' 11 

Flag,     State     12 

Flag    ( Secession    Convention)     115 

France,     Treaty    with     United     States 45 

Fiftli   Louisiana  Levee  District,    Hoard  of  Commissioners 38T 

Fausse  Pointe  Drainage  District.   Board  of  Commissioners    388 

First   Drainage   District — Iberville 388 

Franklin    Parish,    Roster   of    Officials ■♦07 

Free  School  Fund,   Statement  of  Bonds  Owned    668 

Government,     State — 1"JU0-1!)U4     351 

Grand  Prairie  Levee  District,  Board  of  Commissioners 385 

Gueydan  Drainage  Levee  District    Board  of  Commissioners 388 

Grant  Parish,   Roster  of  Officials 407 

Gulf    Biologic    Station     472 

(Juard,   National,   Roster   Louisiana   State 499 

Grand   Army   of   the   Republic 663 

Health,   State  Board  of   379 

Hotel  Roval,  Board  of  Commissioners   of 383 

Home,    Soldier's     488 

Hospital,   Charity    l 475 

Historical  and  Statistical  Tabl^ — United  States  and  Territories 593 

Historical    Sketch    of    Louisiana    59.^ 

Holidays,   Legal,  in  Louisiana    619 

Independence,    Declaration    of    27 

It-eria   and   St.    Mary   Drainage    District,    Commissioners    of 388 

n>eria  and  Bnvou  Cai-lin  Drainage  District.  Commissioners  of 388 

Iberia,   St.  Martin  and  Pointe  Claire  Drainage  District,  Commissioners  of 3«9 

Iberia   Parish,   Roster   of  Officials 408 

Iberville  Parish,  Roster  of  Officials    408 

Insane    Asylum,    Louisiana     4T9 

Industrial    Institute,    Louisiana    (Ruston)     456 

Industrial    Institute,     Southwestern    Louisiana     459 

Institute  for   the   Blind    46« 

Institute  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb    470 

Insurance    Companies     658 

Judiciary  Departmenr,  T'nited  States    341 

State    Supreme    Court    360 

State  Court  of  Appeals 360 

State  Circuit   Court    360 

City    Courts 363 

.Tacksou   Parish.   Roster  of  Officials    ^,'. .'  - .  .    409 

.Tefferson  Parish.  Roster  of  Officials 409 

.lurlsdlctlon  of  Louisiana   Supreme  Court    603 

Laws   Defining   Limits    of    Louis'ana    .,'1  .  .' .  : •  :  •  •  •      4^ 

Lands    Public.    Ordinance   Relative    to    ' 5ii 

Louisiana.  Act  of  Congress.  Territory  of 49 

Louisiana.    Supreme    Court    of    , 360 

T.esislatlve    Denartment     -  •,•,■•■.. 366 

T  iquldation.   State  Debt.    Board  of    .'.  :  .... 378 

Tjfvee  Boards —  ,  '  .'  . 

Atchafalaya    Basin     ,:v; 384 

Bossier    • 384 

Buras     , 885 

Caddo    385 

Grand   Prairie    * 385 

Lake   Borgne    38.^ 

Lafourche  Basin    386 

Orleans     3Srt 

Red  River.  Atchafalaya  and  Bayou  Bneuf   3.8R 

Pontchartrain     387 

Tensas  Basin    387 

Fifth    Louisiana    District    387 

T.nke    Borgne    Levee   District.    Board    of    Commissioners......^, 3«5 

T,afourche  Basin   Levee  District.    Board   of  Commissioners    .  .  ;  ._. 386 

Lafourche.   Third   Drainage  District.   Board  of  Commissioners 389 

Lafourche   Parish,   Roster   of   Officials 411 

Lafavette   Parish.    Roster   of   Officials 410 

Lincoln    Parish.    Roster   of   Officials    411 

I,lvlneston    Parish.    Roster    of    Officials 412 

Louisiana    State    TTniversitv    :  • 446 

Industrial    Instittite •    45B 

Institute,   Deaf  and  Dumb    470 

Institute,    Blind •    46S 


092  INDEX. 

Southwestern    Industrial    Institute    459 

State  National   (iuard,    Koster    408 

Purchase,    Historical    Sketch    of    5ttS 

Historical   and   Chronological    Sketch  of    BW5 

Laws    Relative    to    Trade. Marks    814 

List    of    Cities,     Towns    and    Villages    that     Have     Adopted    "Lawrason    Town 

Charter    Act"     618 

Legal    Holidays    In    Louisiana    61U 

List  of  Agents,  Act  149  of  1890    624 

List    of    Corporations    that    Have    Filed    Charters    In    Office    of    Secretary    of 

State    6Sa 

List  of  Corporations  that  Have  Increased  or  Decreased  Their  Capital 654 

Medical  Examiners,   (Allopath)    State  Board  of   381 

Medical  Examiners,   (Homeopath)    State  Board  of 381 

Madison   Parish,    Koster  of   Officials    418 

Morehouse   Parish.    Roster  of  Officials    41S 

Memorial   Hall,   ( 'onfederate    484 

Milllken    Memorial    Hospital     478 

Military   Department    497 

New  Orleans,    Port   of,    Board  of  Commissioners    38S 

New  Basin  Canal  and  Shell  Road.  Commissioners    384 

Natchitoches   Parish,    Roster  of   Officials    414 

Normal    School     452 

National  Guard,   Louisiana  State   499 

National  Banks  In  Louisiana   656 

Orleans,  Act  of  Congress,  Territory  of 52 

Levee  District,  Board  of  Commissioners  of   386 

Parish,    Roster  of   (Officials    41T 

List  of  Notaries    418 

Tax    Collectors    417 

Assessors     *}J 

Inspectors,    Weights  and  Measures    417 

Jury  Commissioners    417 

Ouachita   Parish,    Ro'ster   of   Officials    ■♦Zl 

Pension    Commissioners,    State    Board    of    37» 

Pharmacy,  State   Board  of    ^°■• 

Port  of  New  Orleans,  State   Board  of    J°« 

I'onichartrain    Levee    District,    State    Board   of    ^f^ 

Plaquemlne    Parish,    Roster  of   Officials    **l 

Pointe  Coupee   Parish,   Roster  of  Officials *" 

Purchase,    Louisiana,    Historical    Sketch    of    o^^ 

PoliticaU—  _~n 

SufTrage  Laws,   T^nlted   States    »"* 

Democratic    Platform    ( National  I     °|^ 

Democratic    National   <"ommlttee    ^^): 

Democratic    State    Platform    »^^ 

Democratic  State  Central  Committee    »^2 

Democratic    Congressional    Committee    ^^° 

Republican    Platform    ( National)     ^^jt 

Republican    National    Committee    ^^n 

Repilblican    State    Central    Committee    °»" 

Republican   Congressional   Committee    °*  ^ 

I'nrdons,    Rules    Ooverning    Application    for 

Represenlatlves,   House  of.   List  of  Members    *!J^ 

Representatives,  House  of.   Committees    ^' 

Railway   Commissioners,    State    Board    of    ^'° 

Railway  Appraisers,   State  Board  of •■,:■,■; ^br 

Red   River,   Atchafalaya  and   Bayou   Bceuuf   Levee   District    ^oo 

Roster   of    Parish   Officers    ^o» 

Raoides,   Parish  Officers,   Roster  of   '-^ 

Red   River,   Parish  Officers,  Roster  of -24 

Richland,    Parish   Officers,    Roster   of    _3j 

Republi(an    Platform,    National     -jg 

Committee,    National    ,_- 

Committee  Of9P<»rs  and   Various  States ^^' 

State   Central    Committee    r.^ 

Congressional    Committees     g^^ 

Registration    Statistics     /  ■  •  ;V  '  J'  " 611 

Rules  Governing  Apollcatlons  for   Pardons    ^^.^ 

Rules    Relative    to    Extraditions    g2S 

Railroads    In    Louisiana     


INDEX.  698 

Receipts  and  Disbursements,    Statement  of,   by   Funds   and   Revenues  and   Cash 

L-ralances,  December  31,   1901    669 

State  Capitol    1 

Flower     .'  .'  n 

Flag     [[[[[[..[[[[. [[[[[[[l]  12 

Seal 14 

of   Louisiana,    Constitution   of   1812 55 

of  Louisiana,  Constitution  of  1845    68 

of   Louisiana.   Constituticjn   cf   1852    89 

of  Louisiana,   Convention  of  ISGl    110 

of  Louisiana,  Constitution  of  1804    117 

of   Louisiana,    Constitution   of   1868    139 

of  Louisiana,  Constitution  of  ISTO   167 

of   Louisiana.    Constitution   of   ist)8    228 

Government.    Territorial   and    313 

and    Fnited    States   Officials    342 

Go^  t  rnment,    1  900-1904     351 

*  -        Supreme   Court    360 

<  'ourt   of   Appeals    360 

Circuit    Courts     g60 

District    Courts     360 

Senate,   List  of  Officers  and  Members    366 

Senate.    List  of  Committees    369 

t^tatc  Boards — 

Debt,    Hoard    of    Liquidation     378 

Hoard  of  Audit  nnd  Exchange    378 

Board  of  Ka'lway  Commissioners    378 

Roard   of   Railway    Appraisers    379 

Board   of   I'ension   Commissioners    379 

Board  of  Health    379 

Board  of  Education    380 

Board  of   Engineers    380 

Board  of  Agriculture    381 

Board  of  Medital   Examiners    (Allopath!    381 

Board  of  Medical  Examiners   (Homeopath)    381 

Board  of  Dental   Examiners    382 

Board  of  Pharmacy    382 

Board  of  Arbitration   and  Coneilation    382 

Board  of  Examiners  of  Bar  Pilots    383 

L>irectors    Citizens'    Rank    382 

State   Board   of   Commissioners   Hotel    Royal    383 

.   Board  of  Commissioners  Port  of  New  Orleans 383 

Contest  Board    384 

St.  Martin,   Iberia.    I'o'nte  Claire  Drainage  District    389 

Second  Drainage   District.   Board  of   Commissioners  of    388 

Sabine   Parish,  Roster  of  Officers    424 

St.   Bernard   Parish.   Roster  of   Officei-s    425 

St.  Charles  Parish,   Roster  of  Officers    428 

St.  Helena  Parish,  Roster  of  Officers   426 

St.   James   Parish.    Roster  of  (>fficers    427 

St.    John    Parish,    Roster   of    Officers    427 

St.  Landry  Parish.  Roster  of  Officers    428 

St.   Martin    Parish.    Roster  of   Officers    429 

St.   Mary   Parish,    Roster   of   Officers    429 

St.  Tammany  Parish,  Roster  of  Officers   430 

State  Institutions — 

Tulane    L^niversity    438 

I>ouisiana  State  University    446 

State     Normal     School     452 

Southwestern   liOnisiana   Industrial   Institute    459 

Louisiana  Institntp  for   the   Deaf  and  Dumb    470 

Louisiana   Institute   for   the   Blind    468 

Louisiana   Insane  Asylum    479 

Charitv   Hospital — New   Orleans    475 

Soldier's   Home    488 

Memorial    Hall     484 

Gulf    Biolo.gic    Station     472 

Southern    University     464 

Southwest    Louisiana    Industrial    Institute    4.39 

State    Normal     School     .  .  . ' 452 

Soldier's    Home     ' 488 

Statistics.   Re.gistration    '• «^44 

Supreme  Court  of  Louisiana.    Rules,   etc    544 

Suffrage  Laws   (T',   S,)    Abstract  of ;  •  •  "  •.•  '. ^uZ 

statement  of  Bonded  and  Floating  Debt  of  Louisiana   bb6 


094  INDEX. 

I'reaty  between  I'nited  states  and  France 45 

Territorial  and  State  (.iovernments   313 

'I'ensas  Basin  Levee  District,  Board  of  Commissioners  of 387 

'I'lilrd  Drainage  District — Assumption,  Board  of  Commissioners  of 389 

'i'iiird    Drainage   I»istrict — Lafourche,    Board   of   Commissioners   of 38§ 

'langipalioa  Parish,  Roster  of  Officials 431 

Tensas  Parisli,  Roster  of  Officials   431 

Terrebonne  I'arish,  Roster  of  r>fficials    43i: 

Tulane    University    438 

1'able   of   Registration    544 

Table  of  Elections    560 

Terms  of  District  Court  of   Louisiana    604 

Trade-Marks,   etc.,   Law   as   to    614 

Trade-lNIarks,  etc..  Form  of  Application  for    617 

United  States,   Articles   of  Confederation    19 

Constitution    of     31 

Constitution     (Amendments)     41 

Treaty    with     France     45 

Laws  "Defining  Limits  of  Louisiana    49 

Ordinance  Relating  to   Public   Lands    52 

and   State   Officials    342 

Union    I'arish,    Roster  of  Officials    432 

T'niversity.     Louisiana     State 446 

T'niverslty,     Southern     464 

United   States   Supreme   Court    341 

Circuit  Court  of   Appeals    342 

Distj-ict    Courts    in    Louisiana    604 

Officials    in    Louisiana    344 

United   Confederate  Veteran   Camps    662 

1  nited    Sons   of   Confederate    Veterans    664 

Vermilion   Parish,  Roster  of  Officials    433 

Vernon  l^arish.  Roster  of  Officials   432 

Washington    Parish,    Roster    of    Officials     434 

Webster   Parish,    Roster  of   Officials    435 

West    Baton    Rouge    Parish,    Roster   <M   Officials 435 

West   Carroll   Parish,    Roster  of  Officials    436 

West  Feliciana  Parish.  Roster  of  Officials   436 

Winn   Parish,   Roster  of  Officials 437 

ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Slate    (  apitol     1 

Flower     (colors)      H 

Flag     12 

Seal     14 

Secession     Flag     iio 

Recession  Constitution    (Following  State  Flag)    115 

President  Wm.   McKinley    337 

Vice    President   Theo.    Roosevelt    339 

Associate    Justice   Edward   Douglass   W'hite    ; 843 

Governor   William   Wright   Heard    353 

Lieutenant   Governor   Albert   Estopinal    355 

Attorney    General    Walter    Guion    357 

Auditor"  W.    S.    Frazee     357 

'1  reasurer   LeDoux    E.    Smith    ^^^ 

Superintendent   of    Education    .Toseph    V.    Calhoun    357 

Hon.     Hugh    C.    Cage     367 

Hon.    W.    H.    McClendon     - go^j 

Hon.   Jared  T.   Sanders    "^l 

Hon.   Robert  S.   Landry    ^^1 

Inlted   States  Senator   Samuel   D.   McEnery    g45 

Ignited  States  Senator   Murphy   .7.   Foster    ^4o 

I'nited  States  Confjirfismen  from  Louisiana — 

Hon.    Adolph    Meyer     347 

Hon.    Robert    C.    Davey     ^ji 

Hon.    Robert    F.    Rroussard d47 

Hon.     Phanor    Brazeale     ^*^ 

Hon.    Jo.seph    E.    Ransdell     ^*^ 

Hon.    Samuel    M.    Robertson     ^*^ 

Sitate  Supreme  Court- 

Hon.    F.    T.    NIcholls     • ^^j 

Joseph    A.    Breaux     ^^^ 

Hon.   N.  C.   Blanchard    ^^] 

Hon.    Frank    A.    Monroe    ^°| 

Hon.    O.    O.    Provosty    ^"^ 


INDEX.  695 

Crowley    High    School    391 

Shreveport   High   School    397 

Baton   Rouge  High   School    403 

Monroe   High   School    419 

Hon.   E.    B.    Kruttschnitt    415 

Tulane    T'niversity     441 

Tulane   University    (Medical    College)     448 

Louisiana    State    University     447 

Hill    Memorial    Library     449 

State    Normal     453 

Southwestern   Louisiana   Industrial   Institute    461 

Soutnern    University    465 

Louisiana    Institute    for    Deaf    and    Dumb    471 

Charity     Hospital     474 

Milliken    Memorial    478 

Charity    Hospital    Ambulance    Station     476 

Louisiana    Insane    Asylum     480 

Louisiana   Insane   Asylum    (Colored   Ward)     482 

State    Penitentiary    491,    493,  495 

Confederate    Memorial    Hall     485 

Soldier's    Home     489 

General  Allen   Jumel    359 

Labor  Commissioner   Thos.    Harrison 359 

Commissioner  of  Agriculture  Jerd.  G.  Lee 359 

Registrar   of  Land"  Office   J.   M.    Smith    687 

Col.  C.   Harrison   I'arker    687 

Map  of  Louisiana  Purchase,  from  History  of  Barbe-Morbols 600 


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